专题03 定语从句-2019年高考提升之英语语法考点讲解与真题分析（一）

2019年高考提升之语法考点讲解与真题分析 03 定语从句（原卷版） 在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 1． 定语从句关系词的选择 定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。详见下表： 关系词 在从句中充当的成分 先行词 关系代词 who 主语、宾语、表语 人 whom 宾语 人 which 主语、宾语、表语 物 that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 whose 定语 人或物 关系副词 when 状语 时间 where 状语 地点 why 状语原因 1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句 关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京）A. that B. as C. where D. when 答案：A。解析：这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。从句修饰主句中的problem，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。 2. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013湖南）A. whom  B. who  C. what  D. which 答案：B。解析：这是一个复合句，主句是Happiness and success often come to those，从句是_______ are good at recognizing their own strengths。从句修饰主句中的those，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词，those指人，故用who。 3. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom (2013山东) 答案：C。解析：这是一个复合句，主句是Finally he reached a lonely island，从句是_______ was completely cut off from the outside world。从句修饰主句中的island，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作主语且指物，应用关系代词which。 4. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海) A. which B. where C. when D. as 答案：C。解析：这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。关系词在定语从句中作hire的宾语，故用关系代词which。这里一定要注意关系词在从句中的作用，否则会误将station看作先行词。 注意：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语可以省略；that不能引导非限制性定语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代一个名词或代词，也可以指代整个主句。 1. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. （2018北京） A. which B. who C. as D. that 答案：A。解析：这所一个复合句，主句是She and her family