内容正文:
专题十七 概要写作
对应学生用书起始页码 P338
一、考试说明对试题的说明
考试说明不仅对写作有整体的要求,还提供了具体题型
的描述和样题。 考试说明对概要写作的描述是:提供一篇
350 词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇 60 词左右
的内容概要。 阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
二、考试说明样题详解
1.样题再现
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容
概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good
thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the
skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it
that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let
ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By
1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.
So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when
the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.
Henry Ⅳ, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning
that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid
the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit(好处)of dirt was long⁃lived,
dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the
18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to
health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means
of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness
have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements
repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white,
cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt,howev⁃
er, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first⁃time
parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,
which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the con⁃
trary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),
encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong
immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some
ground.
2.思路点拨
考试说明所给的样题是一篇科普知识类的文章。 文章
约 300 词。 文章结构清楚,文字比较书面化,句子结构较
复杂。