Unit 5 Into the wild 野生动物（单元阅读精练）英语外研版必修第一册

Unit 5 Into the wild 野生动物 单元阅读精练 Although they look clumsy (笨拙的) , bears can run surprisingly fast. They can travel smoothly through thick bushes that would greatly slow down humans or horses. However, their eyesight and hearing are poorly developed, so they mostly hunt by smell. Some bears, such as black bears and spectacled bears (眼镜熊) , are skilled tree climbers. All bears are good swimmers, and polar bears are the most outstanding in this skill. Bears are usually quiet and do not communicate much through sounds. Sometimes they growl while feeding, when challenged by other bears or humans, or when competing for mates. Polar bears are mainly meat-eaters, while giant pandas live almost entirely on plants. Most other bears are omnivorous (杂食的) . They feed on many small things, including ants, tree seeds, roots, nuts, berries and small insects. Many bears are fond of honey, so sun bears are also known as “honey bears”. Bears also catch animals like fish, deer and seals. Grizzly bears are famous for catching salmon when the fish swim upstream to lay eggs. Polar bears’ food choices are limited by the Arctic environment, where almost no plants can grow. Giant pandas have a special structure on their front feet. It acts like a sixth finger and helps them hold bamboo easily. Before winter arrives, most bears eat large amounts of food and then enter dens for a long deep rest. People often mistake this for hibernation (冬眠) . True hibernating animals will have much lower heart rates and body temperatures, but bears do not have such big physiological changes. Bears prefer living alone except during the mating season. After mating, male bears leave and will not help raise the cubs. Their fertilized eggs can stay inactive for a period, which is called delayed implantation (延迟着床) . This ensures baby bears are born in spring when food is rich. Newborn cubs are tiny. Twins are most common. They stay with their mother for more than one year. In the wild, bears can live 15 to 30 years, and they can live much longer in zoos. 【译文欣赏】 熊虽然看起来笨拙，奔跑速度却快得惊人。它们可以在茂密灌木丛里顺畅穿行，而人类或是马匹在这种环境下行动会大幅受阻。不过，它们的视力和听觉发育较差，所以大多依靠嗅觉捕猎。有些熊，例如黑熊和眼镜熊，擅长爬树。所有熊都善于游泳，北极熊在这项能力上最为突出。熊通常很安静，很少通过叫声交流。有时它们进食时、遭到其他熊或人类挑衅时，或是争夺配偶时会低吼。 北极熊基本是肉食动物，而大熊猫几乎完全以植物为食。其余大多数熊属于杂食动物。它们取食很多小型食物，包括蚂蚁、树籽、植物根茎、坚果、浆果以及小型昆虫。很多熊喜爱蜂蜜，马来熊也因此被称作“蜜熊”。熊也会捕食鱼、鹿、海豹这类动物。灰熊最出名的就是在三文鱼洄游产卵时捕鱼。北极熊的食物选择受北极环境限制，那里几乎没有植物能够生长。大熊猫前足有一处特殊结构，功能类似第六根手指，方便它们抓握竹子。 冬天来临前，大多数熊会大量进食，之后躲进洞穴进入长时间深度休憩。人们常常误以为这就是冬眠。真正冬眠的动物心率和体温会大幅下降，但熊不会发生如此剧烈的生理变化。 除交配季节以外，熊偏爱独居。交配结束后，公熊就会离开，不会参与抚育幼崽。它们的受精卵可以休眠一段时间，这个现象叫作延迟着床。这一机制保证熊宝宝在食物充足的春天出生。新生的熊崽体型极小，双胞胎最为常见。幼崽会跟随母熊生活一年以上。野生状态下，熊可以活 15–30 年，在动物园里寿命会更长。 【词汇积累】 1.smoothly adv. 顺畅地，平稳地 2.growl v. 低吼 3.physiological adj. 生理的 4.den n. 兽穴，洞穴 5.hibernation n. 冬眠 6.cub n. 幼兽 7.inactive adj. 不活动的，休眠的 【知识拓展】 欧美自然科普文本非常喜欢讨论熊的蛰伏和“假冬眠”，很多普通西方人也误以为熊冬眠；delayed implantation（延迟着床）是熊科动物标志性繁殖特点，保证幼崽存活。熊在西方文化里同时象征力量、危险与憨厚。 【词汇延伸】 1. hibernate v. 冬眠 → hibernation n. 冬眠 2. physics n. 物理 → physiological adj. 生理的 3. compete v. 竞争 → competition n. 竞争 → competitor n. 竞争者 4. lay eggs 产卵；lay–laid–laid（易混：lie 躺） 【高考真题链接】 （2025·天津·高考真题） All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 1．What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A．The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B．The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C．The intensity of their physical activity. D．The blood supply to body tissues. 2．When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A．When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B．When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C．When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D．When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 3．What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A．The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B．Their lack of attention to breathing. C．The constant oxygen levels on land. D．Their functionally changeable heart rate. 4．Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A．Their breath cannot be held long enough. B．They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C．They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D．Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 5．Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A．Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B．Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C．Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D．Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海豹能感知血液中氧气量并据此改变潜水行为，人类则因陆地氧气稳定未演化出此能力。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath.(大多数哺乳动物不能直接检测供应给组织的血液中的氧气水平。相反，它们依靠血液中二氧化碳水平的上升来发出可能需要呼吸的信号)”可知，大多数哺乳动物依靠血液中二氧化碳含量的上升来判断何时呼吸。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder.(一旦海豹熟悉了这种设置，研究人员开始逐渐改变呼吸室中空气的成分，增加或减少氧气和二氧化碳的水平，以观察对其行为的影响。果然如此：氧气水平越高，海豹在喂食器停留的时间就越长)”可知，当呼吸室中的氧气水平升高时，海豹会在喂食器停留更长时间。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’ re about to pass out in free-diving.(由于陆地上的氧气水平保持稳定，人类似乎没有进化出注意到血液中低氧水平的能力，有时甚至在自由潜水即将昏倒时也没有)”可知，人类无法察觉血液中低氧水平是因为陆地上氧气水平稳定。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface.(因为每次我们浮出水面吸气时，我们对二氧化碳的敏感性都会降低，即使其水平已经很高，这也会增加一个人在浮出水面之前无意识地昏倒的可能性)”可知，潜水员在自由潜水时经常发生事故是因为他们可能没有及时注意到二氧化碳水平的上升。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood,and change their diving behavior in response.(但最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究表明，海豹可以感知血液中的氧气量，并相应地改变它们的潜水行为)”和第四段中“The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior.(这一发现表明，海豹不仅仅是通过改变心率或呼吸来对氧气水平做出身体反应，而是它们对氧气水平有足够的意识来改变它们的行为)”可知，McKnight的海豹研究表明，海豹能迅速感知氧气水平并据此采取行动。故选B。 ( 1. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. 结构 ：To find out… 为目的状语；if 引导宾语从句，作 find out 的宾语；where young seals were held 为定语从句，修饰 a pool。 译文 ：为了弄清氧气水平是否影响海豹的行为，圣安德鲁斯大学的麦克奈特教授及其同事在泳池中专门辟出一块区域，把幼年海豹养在里面。 2. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. 结构 ：that prevented surface swimming 为定语从句，修饰 panels；yet 连接两个并列分句表转折；give sb access to sth 表示使某人能接触到某物；where… 为定语从句修饰 feeder；as much fish as they liked 为 as…as 比较结构。 译文 ：呼吸室四周装有隔板，阻止海豹在水面游动，但只要潜入水下约 200 英尺，就能到达一个喂食器，在那里它们可以想吃多少鱼就吃多少。 3. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. 结构 ：Once… 引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”；主句谓语为 started to change；increasing or reducing… 为现在分词短语作方式状语，to see… 表目的。 译文 ：海豹一旦熟悉了这套装置，研究人员便开始逐步改变呼吸室中空气的成分，提高或降低氧气与 CO₂ 的含量，以观察其行为会受到怎样的影响。 4. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 结构 ：Because 引导原因状语从句，其中 every time 起连词作用引导时间状语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句；and 连接两个并列分句；that a person will…pass out 为同位语从句，解释 chance。 译文 ：因为每当我们浮出水面吸气，我们对 CO₂ 的敏感度就会下降——即便此时 CO₂ 水平已经很高；这就增加了人在浮出水面之前毫无察觉地昏厥的可能。 ) ( 1.detect v. 察觉，检测 2.release v. 释放；发布 3.rely on 短语 依靠，依赖 4.signal v. / n. 发出信号；信号 5.in response 短语 作为回应，相应地 6.chamber n. 室，腔 7.composition n. 组成，成分；作文 8.gradually adv. 逐渐地 9.sufficiently adv. 足够地 10.sensitivity n. 敏感度 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 325 科学研究揭开“吸血鬼松鼠”的传说真相 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 365 智利研究者将曾用于猫狗的含铜锌康复背心试用于洪堡企鹅 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 330 动物的装死现象 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 312 藏羚羊曾面临的生存危机以及中国政府和志愿者为保护藏羚羊所采取的有效措施 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 379 英语习语“鳄鱼的眼泪”的含义、来源以及使用场景 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 248 骆驼是否会游泳 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 226 非洲大象正面临严重的生存危机 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 251 莉娜与父母救助受伤的海龟 Passage9 完形填空 说明文 290 不同动物选择独居或群居的原因，以及各自的生存策略 Passage10 语法填空 说明文 205 丹顶鹤的外形、栖息习性、保护现状及其文化意义 Passage 1 （26-27高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）For years, a strange story has circulated in the rainforests of Borneo. According to local Dayak hunters, a small creature with sharp, saw-like teeth waits on a low branch, leaps onto the back of a deer, and bites its neck to drink its blood. The animal is the tufted ground squirrel, and the tale has earned it a frightening nickname: the “vampire (吸血鬼) squirrel”. Now, field research has finally offered a different picture. Scientists from Kayan Mentarang National Park have used camera traps and long-range photography to observe the squirrel in the wild. What they found was far less dramatic — and far more interesting. The squirrel’s long, grooved incisors (门齿) are not designed for cutting blood vessels. They are built for cracking open extremely hard forest seeds. In fact, the animal feeds almost entirely on the nuts of a few specific trees, making it a highly specialized seed eater rather than a blood-drinker. The squirrel is unusual in other ways, too. Its tail is about 30 percent larger than its body, the largest tail-to-body ratio of any squirrel in the world. Researchers believe the oversized tail helps it balance while moving through the trees. The research team set up dozens of camera traps across the park, recording the squirrel’s activity from midday until late afternoon, mostly on the forest floor where it searches for seeds. The park’s head noted that only about 20 percent of the area has been surveyed so far, meaning many more surprises may still be hidden in the forest. The Borneo tufted ground squirrel is currently listed as endangered, threatened by habitat loss and hunting. For scientists, the study is a reminder that stories passed down through generations can be fascinating, but they are not always reliable. Sometimes the truth about nature is stranger — and gentler — than the legend. 1．What was the local belief about the tufted ground squirrel? A．It fed mainly on hard forest seeds. B．It attacked deer to drink their blood. C．It used its tail to attract game. D．It lived only in the highest trees. 2．What does the research reveal about the squirrel’s teeth? A．They are used for fighting other squirrels. B．They are too weak to break hard nuts. C．They are specially adapted for cracking seeds. D．They are similar to those of deer. 3．What does the underlined word “specialized” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Different from other squirrels’ diet. B．Able to survive in many environments. C．Dependent on human protection. D．Limited to a particular type of food. 4．Why does the author mention that only 20 percent of the park has been surveyed? A．To criticize the park for poor management. B．To suggest the squirrel is in danger of dying out. C．To show that the research is far from complete. D．To prove that camera traps are ineffective. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了婆罗洲一种独特的松鼠，当地流传着它是“吸血鬼松鼠”的传说，而科学研究揭开真相，介绍了它的食性、独特尾巴、生存现状，并说明民间传说不一定可靠。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“According to local Dayak hunters, a small creature with sharp, saw-like teeth waits on a low branch, leaps onto the back of a deer, and bites its neck to drink its blood.(当地达雅族猎人说，一种长着锋利锯齿状牙齿的小动物会待在低矮树枝上，跳到鹿的背上，咬住鹿的脖子吸食血液。)”可知，当地人认为这种松鼠会袭击鹿来吸食鹿血。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“The squirrel’s long, grooved incisors (门齿) are not designed for cutting blood vessels. They are built for cracking open extremely hard forest seeds.(这种松鼠长长的带沟槽的门齿不是用来咬破血管的，而是用来撬开森林里极其坚硬的种子。)”可知，它的牙齿专门适应撬开种子。 3．词句猜测题。根据原文第二段“In fact, the animal feeds almost entirely on the nuts of a few specific trees, making it a highly specialized seed eater rather than a blood-drinker.(事实上，这种动物几乎只吃少数特定树木的坚果，这让它成为高度specialized食种子动物，而不是吸血动物。)”可知，前文交代它几乎只食用少数特定树木的坚果，饮食范围窄，所以specialized在这里指食物局限于特定种类。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“The park’s head noted that only about 20 percent of the area has been surveyed so far, meaning many more surprises may still be hidden in the forest.(该公园负责人指出，到目前为止，仅有大约20%的区域接受过调查，这意味着森林里可能还藏着更多惊喜。)”可知，只调查了一小部分区域，还有大片区域没有探索，暗含后续还有很多未知信息等待发现，这表明这项研究还远远没有完成。 Passage 2 （26-27高一上·浙江温州·期中） Researchers in Chile have designed a new kind of clothes for injured penguins — tight red vests (背心) with copper and zinc (铜和锌). They hope these can help the birds heal (痊愈) faster. Animal doctors have found success in the past using such vests to treat injured dogs and cats. Now they’re trying out the technology on Humboldt penguins in Chile, home to the largest number of these endangered species. “For years, vests with small parts like copper and zinc have been tested on pets, particularly dogs and cats, and have greatly helped in the recovery of skin wounds,” said Ignacio Idalsoaga, head of the Buin Zoo. “We began to wonder — why can’t this be used on penguins?” He told The Associated Press from the zoo on Wednesday. The experiment comes as Chile’s Humboldt penguin population drops sharply. Researchers surveying the country’s major breeding (繁殖) places in 2024 and 2025 found a 63% drop in active nests compared to the same places three years earlier. The birds face more and more dangers, such as getting caught in fishing nets, plastic pollution, illness, and having less food because of competition with fishermen. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) makes things worse, which brings unusually warm waters to parts of the Pacific Ocean, making the cold-water fish that they need harder to find. Hunger forces penguin parents to travel farther for food and leave their nests behind. “Especially now, we’re likely to see many lost chicks in the coming weeks, with injuries they suffer in the environment,” Idalsoaga said. Animal hospitals in Chile care for penguins found along the coast. Penguins turn their long necks and bite the cuts, making their cuts hard to treat. This behavior may also lead them to pull out their coverings. The vests keep them from doing this. It also slows bacteria that can hurt a cut and helps new blood vessels (血管) grow, so skin can recover faster. Vet Tomás Pino said the birds did not seem troubled by the vests. His team saw that the wounds looked better the next day. 5．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning dogs and cats in paragraph 2? A．To explain why vests were first used on dogs and cats. B．To prove the vests have worked well on animals before. C．To suggest penguins should receive the same care as pets. D．To argue pets have more skin problems than penguins do. 6．What can we learn about El Nino? A．It cools the water of the Pacific. B．It drives penguins away from nests. C．It brings illnesses to adult penguins. D．It cuts down penguins’ food supplies. 7．Why are the penguins’ cuts hard to treat? A．Their long necks make vests hard to keep on. B．Their wounds may get worse because of bacteria. C．Their habits make them bite and remove coverings. D．Their own coverings slow the growth of blood vessels. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Chilean doctors use vests to treat pets. B．Humboldt penguins face many threats. C．Chilean researchers test healing vests on penguins. D．Chilean researchers study penguins’ food shortage. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文介绍智利研究者将曾用于猫狗的含铜锌康复背心试用于洪堡企鹅，帮助企鹅伤口愈合，同时说明了企鹅面临的生存危机。 【解析】 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Animal doctors have found success in the past using such vests to treat injured dogs and cats.(兽医过去使用这种背心治疗受伤的猫狗已经取得了成功。)”可知，作者提到猫狗是为了证明这种背心此前在动物身上效果很好。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段“El Nino (厄尔尼诺) makes things worse, which brings unusually warm waters to parts of the Pacific Ocean, making the cold-water fish that they need harder to find.(厄尔尼诺让情况变得更糟，它给太平洋部分区域带来异常温暖的海水，让企鹅赖以生存的冷水鱼更难找到。)”可知，厄尔尼诺减少了企鹅的食物来源。 7．细节理解题。根据第六段“Penguins turn their long necks and bite the cuts, making their cuts hard to treat. This behavior may also lead them to pull out their coverings.(企鹅会转动长脖子去啃咬伤口，使得伤口很难医治。这种行为还会导致它们撕掉敷料。)”可知，企鹅的习性会让它们啃咬伤口、撕掉敷料，导致伤口难以治疗。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据第一段“Researchers in Chile have designed a new kind of clothes for injured penguins — tight red vests (背心) with copper and zinc (铜和锌). They hope these can help the birds heal (痊愈) faster.(智利的研究人员为受伤的企鹅设计了一种新式衣物，带有铜和锌的紧身红色背心。他们希望这些背心能帮助企鹅更快痊愈。)”可知，文章主要介绍智利研究人员在企鹅身上测试这种有助于伤口愈合的背心。 Passage 3 （26-27高一上·河南·期中）Not many predators (捕食者) will eat an animal that’s already dead. It would be like going to a restaurant, finding that all the food has gone bad, and then eating there anyway. Most predators have developed a natural dislike to dead animals to avoid the risk of getting a deadly illness from bad or diseased meat. And some small animals that are often caught by predators have realized this dislike. Animals such as opossums, snakes and frogs have developed a system to deceive predators by “playing dead”, otherwise known as tonic immobility (强直静止). When a small animal is in danger, it becomes afraid, cannot move for a short time, and its muscles become hard to move, so it looks like an animal that died naturally. Their body temperature and breathing rates (率) can be greatly reduced to fool hungry predators. For example, the American opossum can drop its heart rate by around 46 per cent, breathing rate by around 31 per cent and lower body temperature by 0.6 degrees Celsius during tonic immobility. Animals that are playing dead will give off bad smells to make their death act even more real. The red tree frog even throws up something smelly from its mouth. Some predators, however, are wise to this, and use it to their advantage. Killer whales have discovered that manta rays enter a dead state when they’re upside down. Using their powerful tails, killer whales hit shallow water to turn the ray over and eat their meal. For ocean predators, tonic immobility is slightly different. When turned upside down, sharks enter into an immobile state. While scientists have suggested that it works just like other small animals avoiding predators, super predators like sharks must be doing it for other reasons. It takes just a few seconds after being upside down for the shark to become immobile, and this state lasts for around 15 minutes before they recover. 9．Why do most predators avoid dead animals? A．They dislike bad food. B．They fear getting diseases. C．They prefer hunting live animals. D．They have plenty of food. 10．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “deceive” in paragraph 2? A．Cheat. B．Attract. C．Frighten. D．Attack. 11．What does the author say about killer whales? A．They are playful. B．They are clever. C．They are powerful. D．They are brave. 12．What does the passage tell us about tonic immobility in sharks? A．It appears during predator attacks. B．It happens for unknown reasons. C．It usually lasts over 15 minutes. D．It shows signs of small animals. 【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文介绍动物的装死现象，也被称作强直静止。不少小动物依靠装死来躲避捕食者，可部分捕食者反而会利用该机制捕猎；顶级掠食者鲨鱼被翻转后也会进入强直静止状态，但科学家尚未弄清其背后的真正原因。 【解析】 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Most predators have developed a natural dislike to dead animals to avoid the risk of getting a deadly illness from bad or diseased meat. (大多数捕食者对死去的动物产生了一种天然的反感，以避免从腐坏或有病的肉中感染致命疾病的风险)”可知，大多数捕食者避开死去的动物，是害怕感染致命疾病。 10．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Animals such as opossums, snakes and frogs have developed a system to deceive predators by “playing dead”, otherwise known as tonic immobility (强直静止). (负鼠、蛇、青蛙这类动物进化出一套机制，通过“装死”，即强直静止，来deceive捕食者)”可知，小动物通过装死欺骗捕食者，由此判断deceive含义为“欺骗”，与cheat意思相近。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Some predators, however, are wise to this, and use it to their advantage. Killer whales have discovered that manta rays enter a dead state when they’re upside down. Using their powerful tails, killer whales hit shallow water to turn the ray over and eat their meal. (然而有些捕食者很聪明，看透了这一点，并将其化为自身优势。虎鲸发现蝠鲼被翻转后会进入假死状态。虎鲸会用强有力的尾巴拍打浅水区，把蝠鲼翻过来，然后享用自己的大餐)”可知，虎鲸识破猎物的装死防御并且加以利用，能够体现虎鲸十分聪明。 12．细节理解题。根据第四段“ While scientists have suggested that it works just like other small animals avoiding predators, super predators like sharks must be doing it for other reasons. (尽管科学家认为这和其他小动物躲避捕食者的原理一样，但鲨鱼这类顶级掠食者这样做一定另有原因)”可知，鲨鱼发生强直静止的真正原因还不明确。 Passage 4 （26-27高一上·天津河西·阶段检测）The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we’re here to observe Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m attracted by the lovely animals. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur. My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says, “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.” Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature. 13．The author went to Tibet in order to ________. A．breathe fresh air in Tibet B．enjoy the scene in Tibet C．learn the history of Tibet D．observe Tibetan antelopes 14．Where does Zhaxi work? A．In Tibet. B．In Xinjiang. C．In Qinghai. D．In Sichuan. 15．What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s? A．Tibetan antelopes were well protected. B．Tibetan antelopes’ population dropped. C．Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people. D．Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways. 16．According to Paragraph 6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were ________. A．useless B．basic C．successful D．simple 17．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To kill the Tibetan antelope. B．To study the Tibetan antelope. C．To watch the Tibetan antelope. D．To protect the Tibetan antelope. 【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．D 【导语】文章主要介绍了藏羚羊曾面临的生存危机，以及中国政府和志愿者为保护藏羚羊所采取的有效措施。 【解析】 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we’re here to observe Tibetan antelopes.(在平原上，我们能看到许多野生动物。这就是我们来这里观察藏羚羊的原因。)”可知，作者去西藏是为了观察藏羚羊。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.(我的向导扎西在羌塘国家级自然保护区工作。该保护区是藏西北动植物的栖息地。)”可知，扎西在西藏工作。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent.(在20世纪80年代到90年代之间，藏羚羊的数量下降了50%以上。)”可知，这一时期藏羚羊的数量下降了。 16．推理判断题。根据第六段中“The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger.(这些措施是有效的。藏羚羊数量已经恢复，2015年6月，藏羚羊被从濒危动物名单中移除。)”可知，中国政府采取的措施是成功的。 17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we’re here to observe Tibetan antelopes.(在平原上，我们只能看到许多野生动物。这就是我们来这里观察藏羚羊的原因。)”、第五段中“In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection.(为了拯救这些动物，中国政府将它们置于国家保护之下。)”和最后一段中“Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life.(为了保护野生动物，我们正在做很多事，但如果我们真的想拯救地球，我们必须改变生活方式。)”可知，全文围绕藏羚羊的保护展开，D项“To protect the Tibetan antelope.(保护藏羚羊。)”最能概括文章写作目的。 Passage 5 （26-27高一上·江苏扬州·阶段检测）Have you ever heard the expression “crocodile tears”? The expression reminds us of an amazing animal — The crocodile! First, why are they amazing? Well, crocodiles are experts at survival. Scientists say they first appeared 200 million years ago and have outlived the dinosaurs by some 65 million years. One reason they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters! They use their strong jaws to bite their prey (猎物) and then they swallow their food whole. Here’s another fun fact about crocodiles: When they lose a tooth, they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000 teeth in one lifetime! Okay, while these facts are fascinating, they really do not help to explain today’s expression: crocodile tears. Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel bad for something when in fact you could not care less. A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere. But why do tears from an ancient, unfeeling reptile (爬行动物) mean false sadness? Well, the expression “crocodile tears” comes from an old myth that crocodiles would shed tears while eating their prey. Writers on the website Crocodilian.com claim that this myth was in use by the 1200s. A religious worker from that time wrote that if a crocodile found a man by the water, it would kill him if it could. Then the crocodile would cry tears on the man, but then finally swallow him. Another myth about crocodile tears suggests the animals are very crafty indeed. Crocodiles, the story goes, would shed tears as a false show of guilt or grief to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner. So, that is the origin of the phrase “crocodile tears”. But, please note. You do not have to have actual tears flowing down your face to have “crocodile tears.” If you fake sadness or regret by using only words, others can still accuse you of having “crocodile tears.” Sometimes, crocodile tears are worse than insincere. Sometimes they are also hypocritical. Those are the times you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation. 18．What can best explain why crocodiles are good survivors? A．They remain alive without food for a long time. B．They outlived the dinosaurs by 65 million years. C．They have strong jaws and teeth to bite the prey. D．They pretend to shed tears before swallowing prey. 19．What does the underlined sentence in Para3 mean? A．You do care as much as before. B．You don’t care about it at all. C．You care more than anyone else. D．You care no less than others. 20．According to the second myth, why would crocodiles shed tears? A．To show sympathy for the prey. B．To attract the prey’s attention. C．To feel guilty for the dying prey. D．To cheat the prey to get closer. 21．In which of the following situations can you find the employment of “crocodile tears”? A．You are jealous of your coworker’s quick promotion. B．You feel sad for your friend’s being seriously ill. C．You feel sorry for your competitor’s failure in a match. D．You are sad because your application was rejected. 【答案】18．A 19．B 20．D 21．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了英语习语“鳄鱼的眼泪”的含义、来源以及使用场景。 【解析】 18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“One reason they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating.(它们如此擅长生存的一个原因是它们可以很长时间不吃东西。)”可知，鳄鱼擅长生存的原因是可以长时间不吃食物。 19．词句猜测题。根据第三段画线句“you could not care less”前面的“You pretend to cry and feel bad for something when in fact(你假装哭泣，并为此事感到难过，但事实上)”以及后面的“A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere.(描述鳄鱼的眼泪最好的一个词就是虚伪的。)”可知，“鳄鱼的眼泪”指假装悲伤，实际并不在意。由此推知，画线句含有“一点也不在乎”之意。 20．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Crocodiles, the story goes, would shed tears as a false show of guilt or grief to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner.(故事里说，鳄鱼会流下眼泪，假装愧疚或悲伤来欺骗猎物。猎物会靠近过来，然后就成了鳄鱼的晚餐。)”可知，第二个传说里鳄鱼流泪是为了欺骗猎物靠近自己。 21．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Simply put, ‘crocodile tears’ are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel badly for something when in fact... you could not care less.(简单来说，‘鳄鱼的眼泪’是虚假的悲伤。你假装哭泣，对某事感到难过，但实际上你根本不在乎。)”以及最后一段中的“Sometimes they are also hypocritical. Those are the times you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation.(有时它也表示虚伪，也就是你表现出悲伤，但内心却对这个局面暗自开心。)”可知，该习语指假装悲伤，内心实则并非难过，甚至暗自得意。由此可推知，为对手比赛失利假意惋惜符合该习语的使用场景。 Passage 6 （25-26高一下·陕西渭南·阶段检测）Camels are known as the “ships of the desert” . They have come to be connected with surviving in difficult situations. They can get through long journeys through hot sand hills. 22 In this blog post we will explore the interesting world of camels and dig into the question: how can camels swim? The water is wonderful for camels to swim, and camels certainly own the ability to swim. However, it is not their preferred way of transportation. 23 They only adapt to watery environments when it is necessary. 24 Their large, soft, and thick feet function effectively to keep them afloat (漂浮) in preventing them from sinking into soft sand and their woolly fur can trap air, providing buoyancy (浮力). When camels enter the water, they use a leg-kicking movement, which allows them to move the water well. But it is important to clear up a common misunderstanding. Camels do not store water in humps (驼峰). 25 Thus, their swimming has nothing to do with humps. While camels might know swimming, they show skills, when faced with water blocks during their desert journeys. Their adaptability and unique features make them able to travel through different kinds of landscape. Whether it is the hot sands of the desert or the occasional water crossings, they always find a way to survive. Camels are undoubtedly more skilled in the water than one might initially think. They may not be Olympic swimmers. 26 A．Do you know why camels can stand heat? B．They usually simply float much of the time. C．The hump causes trouble for the camel when it swims. D．Their humps actually store fat and seldom offer buoyancy. E．However, have you ever wondered if these creatures swim? F．Camels have some special body structures that allow them to swim. G．After all, these desert creatures are best known for their ability to adapt to dry conditions. 【答案】22．E 23．G 24．F 25．D 26．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了骆驼被称为“沙漠之舟”，擅长在艰难环境中生存，引出骆驼是否会游泳的探讨，并阐述了骆驼的游泳能力、身体结构及适应性。 【解析】 22．上文“Camels are known as the ‘ships of the desert’. They have come to be connected with surviving in difficult situations. They can get through long journeys through hot sand hills.(骆驼被称为“沙漠之舟”。它们与在艰难环境中生存联系在一起。它们能够穿越炎热的沙丘进行长途旅行。)”描述了骆驼在沙漠中的生存能力，以及下文“ In this blog post we will explore the interesting world of camels and dig into the question; how can camels swim?(在这篇博客文章中，我们将探索骆驼这个有趣的世界，并深入探讨这样一个问题：骆驼怎么会游泳呢？)”可知，后文探讨的问题是“骆驼是怎么会游泳的”。E选项“However, have you ever wondered if these creatures swim?(然而，你有没有想过这些生物是否会游泳？)”通过提出一个与前文不同的问题，即，骆驼是否会游泳，与前文构成转折，来引出下文关于骆驼游泳能力的探讨，符合题意。故选E。 23．上文“The water is wonderful for camels to swim, and camels certainly owns the ability to swim. However it is not their preferred way of transportation.(水对骆驼来说游泳很棒，骆驼当然也有游泳的能力。然而，这并不是它们首选的交通方式。)”说明了骆驼不喜欢游泳这种交通方式，G选项“After all, these desert creatures are best known for their ability to adapt to dry conditions.(毕竟，这些沙漠生物最出名的是它们适应干燥环境的能力。)”进一步解释了为什么骆驼不首选游泳作为交通方式，即它们更擅长适应干燥环境，符合题意。故选G。 24．下文“Their large, soft, and thick feet function effectively to keep them afloat in preventing them from sinking into soft sand and their woolly fur can trap air, providing buoyancy.(它们大而柔软、厚实的脚能有效地使它们漂浮，防止它们沉入松软的沙子中，它们毛茸茸的皮毛能捕捉空气，提供浮力。)”描述了骆驼的特殊身体结构如何帮助它们游泳，F选项“Camels have some special body structures that allow them to swim.(骆驼有一些特殊的身体结构使它们能够游泳。)”作为下文的总起句，概括了骆驼游泳的原因，即骆驼的一些特殊身体结构，符合题意。故选F。 25．上文“But it is important to clear up a common misunderstanding. Camels do not store water in humps.(但重要的是要澄清一个常见的误解。骆驼并不在驼峰里储存水。)”指出了关于骆驼驼峰的一个常见误解，D选项“Their humps actually store fat and seldom offer buoyancy.(它们的驼峰实际上储存的是脂肪，很少提供浮力。)”进一步解释了驼峰的真实功能，即储存脂肪而非水，且很少提供浮力，符合题意。故选D。 26．上文“Camels are undoubtedly more skilled in the water than one might initially think. They may not be Olympic swimmers. (毫无疑问，骆驼在水中的技能比人们最初想象的要高超得多。它们或许算不上是奥运游泳选手。)”描述了骆驼在水中的技能令人惊叹，但是它们算不上奥运游泳选手。B选项“They usually simply float much of the time.(它们大部分时间通常只是漂浮着。)”进一步指出骆驼在水中的行为，即它们大部分时间只是漂浮，解释了并不能成为奥运游泳选手的原因，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·广东广州·期末） The evolutionary Choice and Survival Crisis of African Elephants The world’s African elephants are in serious danger. 27 And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years. Many believe that an illegal hunter could get ivory without killing the elephant — this is not true. 28 And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg in water. The tusk (象牙) is not just bone but rather it is alive, filled with nerves and blood vessels (血管) and when broken off, the tusks would likely become infected and lead to a slow and painful death. However, there is a new form of hope rising from nature itself. African elephants are being born without the tusks that illegal hunters have hunted for decades. But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless? 29 Is such change beneficial to elephants’ survival in the long term? As we know, elephant tusks are not just glorious-looking. 30 Therefore scientists are working to track the newly tuskless among them, to see how this unfortunate adaptation affects the species. Ivory hunters are not the only danger faced by elephants today. And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all. 31 A．Action should be taken to protect animals in the world. B．Only two-thirds of an elephant’s tusks stick out of their mouth. C．They also have important uses such as self-defense and digging. D．It is estimated that one is killed every 15 minutes for their ivory tusks. E．That’s because elephants without tusks have a better chance of surviving. F．After centuries of being hunted by humans, many African elephants are tuskless. G．And it’s in our power to make this happen by cutting demand and raising awareness. 【答案】27．D 28．B 29．E 30．C 31．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲大象正面临严重的生存危机，非法象牙贸易导致其数量急剧减少，甚至出现了无牙大象的新现象。科学家正在研究这一变化对大象生存的影响，并呼吁人们采取行动保护这些珍贵的生物。 27．上文“The world’s African elephants are in serious danger. (世界上的非洲象正处于严重的危险之中。)”说明非洲象正处于危险之中，下文“And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years. (如果我们不采取任何行动来制止非法象牙贸易，大象将在未来20年内从野外灭绝。)”说明大象将要灭绝，D项“据估计，每15分钟就有一头大象因象牙而被杀害。”与上文一致，具体说明大象处于危险中的原因，同时引出下文非法象牙贸易导致大象灭绝的严重后果，故选D。 28．下文“And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg in water. (其余的则像水中的冰山一样隐藏在表面之下。)”中的“the rest (剩余部分)”和B项“只有三分之二的象牙从大象嘴里伸出来。”中的“Only two-thirds”形成对应关系，介绍了象牙的分布情况，故选B。 29．上文“But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless? (但是为什么地球上最大的陆地哺乳动物现在生来就没有象牙呢？)”是提出问题，询问无牙象出现的原因，E项 “那是因为没有象牙的大象有更好的生存机会。”回答了上文的问题，That's because是关键词，故选E。 30．上文“As we know, elephant tusks are not just glorious-looking. (我们知道，象牙不仅仅看起来壮观。)” 说明象牙不只有美观的作用，C项“它们还有重要的用途，比如自卫和挖掘。”承接上文，进一步说明象牙的实际功能，They指代上文的elephant tusks，故选C。 31．上文“And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all. (我们比以往任何时候都需要更多的支持，去创造一个安全的世界，让大象可以和人类幸福地生活在一起，拥有完整的象牙。)”提出了保护大象、创造和谐生存环境的目标，G项“而我们有能力通过减少需求和提高意识来实现这一目标。”承接上文，说明实现这一目标的方法，故选G。 Passage 8 （26-27高一上·湖北襄阳·阶段检测）17-year-old Lina was walking along a coastal village when she noticed a small turtle 32 to return to the sea. Its left flipper (鳍状肢) was broken. Lina felt 33 seeing the poor animal. She called her parents for help. Together, they 34 picked up the turtle and took it to a nearby wildlife 35 . The vet (兽医) there told them the turtle was an endangered (濒危的) species. It had been 36 by a fishing net. The vet promised to treat it until it 37 . Every afternoon, Lina visited the turtle. She 38 it eat small fish and swim in a small pool. Lina named it “Wave” because it 39 playing in the water. She even brought a small toy boat to make Wave feel more 40 in the water. After three weeks, the vet said Wave was ready to go back to the sea. Lina and her family took Wave to the 41 . When they set it down, Wave stopped for a moment as if to 42 the days spent with Lina, then swam towards the sea. Lina waved goodbye, her eyes filled with 43 . She knew Wave’s journey would be hard, but she also believed it could 44 . This experience taught Lina that every life 45 . She joined a wildlife protection club at her school to help more animals, hoping that one day all endangered species will live in 46 without human threats. 32．A．refusing B．preparing C．struggling D．preferring 33．A．angry B．sad C．frightened D．confused 34．A．quickly B．secretly C．suddenly D．carefully 35．A．island B．park C．cave D．hospital 36．A．hurt B．covered C．attacked D．protected 37．A．recovered B．shook C．adapted D．competed 38．A．reminded B．observed C．ordered D．requested 39．A．feared B．recommended C．enjoyed D．imagined 40．A．determined B．anxious C．creative D．relaxed 41．A．zoo B．pool C．beach D．forest 42．A．look back on B．make fun of C．keep track of D．look forward to 43．A．tears B．doubts C．fear D．shock 44．A．regret B．survive C．suffer D．attack 45．A．lives B．changes C．matters D．limits 46．A．trouble B．pressure C．surprise D．peace 【答案】 32．C 33．B 34．D 35．D 36．A 37．A 38．B 39．C 40．D 41．C 42．A 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了莉娜在海边发现一只鳍状肢受伤的小海龟，与父母救助海龟的经历让她懂得每个生命都很重要，从而加入学校的野生动物保护社团。 【解析】 32．考查动词。句意：17岁的莉娜沿着一个海边村庄散步时，注意到一只小海龟正挣扎着想回到海里。A. refusing拒绝；B. preparing准备；C. struggling挣扎；D. preferring更喜欢。根据后文“Its left flipper (鳍状肢) was broken.”可知，这只小海龟的左侧鳍状肢已经断了，应是只能在原地奋力挣扎着想回到海里。 33．考查形容词。句意：看到这只可怜的小动物，莉娜心里很难过。A. angry生气的；B. sad难过的；C. frightened害怕的；D. confused困惑的。根据本句中的“the poor animal”以及前文对海龟鳍状肢断裂、挣扎回海的描写可知，莉娜对它的处境充满同情，因而感到难过。 34．考查副词。句意：他们一起小心翼翼地把海龟捧起来，送到附近的野生动物医院。A. quickly快速地；B. secretly偷偷地；C. suddenly突然地；D. carefully小心地。根据前文“Its left flipper (鳍状肢) was broken.”可知，海龟的鳍状肢已经折断，搬动时须避免二次伤害，因此要“小心地”捧起来。 35．考查名词。句意：他们一起小心翼翼地把海龟捧起来，送到附近的野生动物医院。A. island岛；B. park公园；C. cave洞穴；D. hospital医院。根据本段最后一句“The vet promised to treat it until it ...”可知，这个地方有兽医，并承诺为海龟治疗，说明他们去的是野生动物医院。 36．考查动词。句意：它是被渔网弄伤的。A. hurt使受伤；B. covered覆盖；C. attacked攻击；D. protected保护。根据第一段第二句“Its left flipper (鳍状肢) was broken.”可知，海龟的鳍状肢已经断裂，本句交代致伤的原因是它被渔网所伤，hurt意为“使受伤”，与前文的broken形成呼应。 37．考查动词。句意：兽医承诺会一直治疗它，直到它康复。A. recovered康复；B. shook摇动；C. adapted适应；D. competed竞争。根据本句中的“treat it”可知，兽医要治疗它，而治疗的目的应是让海龟恢复健康，recover与treat在语义上前后承接。 38．考查动词。句意：她看着它吃小鱼、在小水池里游来游去。A. reminded提醒；B. observed观察；C. ordered命令；D. requested请求。根据前文“Every afternoon, Lina visited the turtle.”及本句中的“eat small fish and swim in a small pool”可知，主人公来看望海龟，海龟的进食和游动，这些都是她观察到的情况，observe意为“观察”，且与空后内容构成observe sb./sth. do sth.用法，意为“看着某人/某物做某事”。 39．考查动词。句意：莉娜给它取名“浪花”，因为它喜欢在水里玩耍。A. feared害怕；B. recommended推荐；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. imagined想象。根据本句中的“Lina named it “Wave””及“playing in the water”可知，应正是因为它喜欢在水里嬉戏，莉娜才用“浪花”这样一个与水有关的名字称呼它，enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，符合语境。 40．考查形容词。句意：她甚至带来一只小玩具船，好让“浪花”在水里更自在一些。A. determined坚定的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. creative有创造力的；D. relaxed放松的。根据本句中的“She even brought a small toy boat”可知，莉娜特意带来玩具船，应是为了让海龟在水中更安心、更自在，relaxed意为“放松的、自在的”，可描述动物的感受。 41．考查名词。句意：莉娜和家人便把它带到海滩上。A. zoo动物园；B. pool水池；C. beach海滩；D. forest森林。根据前文“the vet said Wave was ready to go back to the sea”和后文“then swam towards the sea”可知，放归海龟的地点必须紧邻大海，beach意为“海滩”，是唯一能让它“朝大海游去”的地方。 42．考查动词短语。句意：把它放下的那一刻，“浪花”停了一会儿，好像在回顾和莉娜一起度过的那些日子，然后朝大海游去。A. look back on回顾；B. make fun of取笑；C. keep track of掌握……的动态；D. look forward to期待。根据本句中的“Wave stopped for a moment as if to ... the days spent with Lina”可知，此处写海龟停下来回望过去三周与莉娜相处的日子，the days spent表明这段时间已经过去，look back on意为“回顾”，符合语境。 43．考查名词。句意：莉娜挥手道别，眼里满是泪水。A. tears泪水；B. doubts怀疑；C. fear恐惧；D. shock震惊。根据第三段第一句“Every afternoon, Lina visited the turtle.”及为莉娜为海龟取名、带玩具船等细节可知，三周来莉娜每天陪伴、照料这只海龟，与它建立了深厚感情，分别之际应是满心不舍，眼里涌出泪水。 44．考查动词。句意：她知道“浪花”的旅程会很艰难，但她相信它能活下来。A. regret后悔；B. survive幸存，活下来；C. suffer受苦；D. attack攻击。根据本句句意及句中连词but可知，but前后构成转折：尽管前路艰难，她应是仍然相信海龟能挺过去或活下去，survive意为“幸存、活下来”，与前文它被渔网所伤、经治疗康复的经历相呼应。 45．考查动词。句意：这次经历让莉娜懂得，每一个生命都很重要。A. lives生活；B. changes改变；C. matters要紧，重要；D. limits限制。根据后文“She joined a wildlife protection club at her school to help more animals”可知，救助一只海龟的经历促使莉娜投身动物保护，说明她由此认识到每一个生命都很重要、都值得珍惜。 46．考查名词。句意：她加入了学校的野生动物保护社团去帮助更多动物，希望有一天所有濒危物种都能在没有人类威胁的安宁环境中生活。A. trouble麻烦；B. pressure压力；C. surprise惊讶；D. peace安宁。根据本句中的“without human threats”可知，莉娜所希望的应是安宁、和平的生存状态，in peace意为“安宁地、平安地”，与threats形成对照。 Passage 9 （26-27高一上·河南新乡·阶段检测）Some animals live in families. Some live in great big groups. And others live mostly by themselves. Animals have to find the right 47 of living so they can stay safe, take 48 of their babies, and find food. A giant panda 49 eats bamboo, and it takes lots of bamboo to fill up a panda! To make sure there’s enough bamboo for everyone, each panda has a territory where it lives alone, except during mating (交配) time or when a mother is 50 her baby. Lions are hunters. 51 , they live in groups. On the African plains, finding enough animals to eat is no problem. But 52 them is. Lions have better luck when they hunt 53 . Eagles live and hunt together in lifelong 54 . A male and a female both help to 55 a nest of sticks and twigs (小枝条), lined with 56 grasses. When the eggs hatch, one parent 57 at home to protect the young eagles while the other searches for mice or fish to eat. Tigers are stealthy hunters who sneak up on prey such as deer or wild pigs — then pounce! But hunting is 58 . It can take 10 tries before a tiger gets a meal. Living 59 means there’s enough prey to eat and makes quiet hunting easier. Herds of muskoxen crowd together for 60 . If a wolf comes too close, cousins, aunts, and uncles form a tight 61 , with their sharp horns (角) facing outward and their young safe inside. What brings ladybugs (瓢虫) together? It’s time to hibernate for the winter by bunching together, and then the ladybugs keep each other warm. 47．A．road B．place C．way D．season 48．A．notice B．hold C．sight D．care 49．A．mainly B．previously C．finally D．hardly 50．A．searching B．following C．raising D．fighting 51．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 52．A．catching B．bringing C．taking D．cheating 53．A．alone B．lonely C．together D．separately 54．A．pairs B．groups C．numbers D．teams 55．A．live B．move C．find D．build 56．A．hard B．soft C．cold D．green 57．A．stays B．leaves C．reaches D．hides 58．A．easy B．hard C．impossible D．necessary 59．A．together B．in groups C．alone D．nearby 60．A．food B．fun C．sale D．protection 61．A．circle B．square C．line D．wall 【答案】 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．D 56．B 57．A 58．B 59．C 60．D 61．A 【导语】文章通过大熊猫、狮子、鹰、老虎和麝牛等动物的例子，介绍了不同动物选择独居或群居的原因，以及各自的生存策略。 【解析】 47．考查名词。句意：动物必须找到合适的生活方式，这样它们才能保持安全、照顾幼崽并找到食物。A. road道路；B. place地方；C. way方式；D. season季节。根据上文“Some animals live in families. Some live in great big groups. And others live mostly by themselves.”可知，此处指不同的生活方式。 48．考查名词。句意：动物必须找到合适的生活方式，这样它们才能保持安全、照顾幼崽并找到食物。A. notice通知；B. hold握住；C. sight视力；D. care照顾。根据下文“of their babies, and find food”可知，此处指照顾幼崽。 49．考查副词。句意：大熊猫主要吃竹子，而且要吃很多竹子才能吃饱！A. mainly主要地；B. previously先前；C. finally最终；D. hardly几乎不。根据后文“it takes lots of bamboo to fill up a panda”可知大熊猫食量以竹子为主。 50．考查动词。句意：为了确保每只熊猫都有足够的竹子，每只熊猫都有一片独自生活的领地，除非在交配期或母熊猫在养育幼崽的时候。A. searching搜索；B. following跟随；C. raising养育；D. fighting战斗。根据下文“when a mother is”可知，此处指母熊猫在养育幼崽。 51．考查副词。句意：然而，它们群居生活。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Besides此外。根据前句“Lions are hunters.”与本句“they live in groups”可知，上文说狮子是猎手，下文说它们群居，两者之间为转折关系。 52．考查动词。句意：在非洲平原上，找到足够的动物来吃不成问题。但捕捉它们是个问题。A. catching捕捉；B. bringing带来；C. taking拿走；D. cheating欺骗。根据上文“finding enough animals to eat is no problem”以及转折词but可知，找到猎物容易，但捕捉猎物困难。 53．考查副词。句意：狮子一起捕猎时运气更好。A. alone独自；B. lonely孤独的；C. together一起；D. separately分别地。根据上文“they live in groups”可知，狮子一起捕猎。 54．考查名词。句意：鹰终身成对生活和捕猎。A. pairs一对；B. groups群体；C. numbers数字；D. teams团队。根据下文“A male and a female”可知，鹰是成对生活的。 55．考查动词。句意：雄鹰和雌鹰都帮忙用树枝和小枝条筑巢，巢里铺着柔软的草。A. live居住；B. move移动；C. find找到；D. build建造。根据下文“a nest of sticks and twigs”可知，此处指筑巢。 56．考查形容词。句意同上。A. hard坚硬的；B. soft柔软的；C. cold寒冷的；D. green绿色的。根据常识以及后文“to protect the young eagles”可知，鸟巢里铺的是柔软的草来保护蛋和幼鸟。 57．考查动词。句意：蛋孵化后，一只亲鸟待在家里保护小鹰，另一只出去捕食老鼠或鱼。A. stays停留；B. leaves离开；C. reaches到达；D. hides隐藏。根据下文“to protect the young eagles”以及“while the other searches for mice or fish”可知，一只亲鸟留在家里。 58．考查形容词。句意：但是捕猎很难。A. easy容易的；B. hard困难的；C. impossible不可能的；D. necessary必要的。根据下文“It can take 10 tries before a tiger gets a meal.”可知，捕猎很困难。 59．考查副词/介词短语。句意：独居意味着有足够的猎物可吃，而且让安静的捕猎更容易。A. together一起；B. in groups成群；C. alone独自；D. nearby附近。根据上文“Tigers are stealthy hunters”以及捕猎需要安静可知，老虎独居。 60．考查名词。句意：麝牛群聚在一起是为了保护。A. food食物；B. fun乐趣；C. sale出售；D. protection保护。根据下文“If a wolf comes too close, cousins, aunts, and uncles form a tight ____, with their sharp horns (角) facing outward and their young safe inside.”可知，麝牛聚在一起是为了保护。 61．考查名词。句意：如果狼靠得太近，表兄弟、阿姨和叔叔们会形成一个紧密的圆圈，锋利的角朝外，幼崽安全地在里面。A. circle圆圈；B. square正方形；C. line线；D. wall墙。根据下文“their sharp horns facing outward and their young safe inside”可知，这是一个圆圈形的防御阵型。 Passage 10 （26-27高一上·辽宁大连·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Chinese culture, the red-crowned crane has long been regarded as a 62 (symbol) creature of happiness and good luck. It is one of the largest cranes in the world, with its height 63 (average) about 150 cm. Its unique feature, from 64 it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head. The red-crowned crane 65 (find) in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula since the natural environment there meets its living requirements. In China, it spends the 66 (warm) months in the rivers and wetlands in the north-east. When the weather gets cold, it migrates to east-central China for a milder climate. Its food includes fish, snails and water plants. This bird only breeds where the natural habitat is safe enough for it 67 (assume) the role of parent. 68 effective protection, this rare bird would be at great risk of extinction. Thanks to joint efforts, many conservation groups for this bird 69 (found) to date. Protecting red-crowned cranes not only maintains ecological balance but also preserves a precious cultural symbol, allowing future generations to admire 70 beauty of this elegant creature. It is our shared responsibility to guarantee the long-term 71 (survive) of red-crowned cranes. 【答案】 62．symbolic 63．averaging 64．which 65．is found 66．warmer 67．to assume 68．Without 69．have been founded 70．the 71．survival 【导语】文章介绍丹顶鹤的外形、栖息习性、保护现状及其文化意义。 【解析】 62．考查形容词。句意：在中国文化中，丹顶鹤长期以来被视作代表幸福与好运的标志性生物。修饰名词creature要用形容词，symbol的形容词形式是symbolic，表示“标志性的，象征的”。 63．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是世界上体型最大的鹤类之一，平均身高约150厘米。此处是with复合结构，height和average是主动关系，用现在分词averaging作宾补。 64．考查定语从句。句意：它得名的独特特征就是头顶鲜红的皮肤。此处引导语于从句，先行词是feature，指物，介词from提前，关系代词用which，from which相当于where。 65．考查时态语态。句意：丹顶鹤分布在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本以及朝鲜半岛，因为那里的自然环境满足它的生存需求。主语The red-crowned crane和find是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。 66．考查形容词比较级。句意：在中国，天气较温暖的月份它会待在东北的河流与湿地。后文天冷会迁徙，对比可知指更温暖的时段，用比较级warmer作定语。 67．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种鸟只在自然栖息地足够安全的地方繁殖，这样它才能承担起亲鸟的职责。固定结构be + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.，所以此处使用动词不定式形式to assume作状语。 68．考查介词。句意：如果没有有效的保护，这种珍稀鸟类将会面临极大的灭绝风险。without表示“没有”，构成含蓄虚拟语气，句首首字母大写。 69．考查时态语态。句意：得益于多方共同努力，迄今为止已经成立了很多丹顶鹤保护组织。时间标志to date（迄今为止），用现在完成时；groups和found是被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为have been founded。 70．考查冠词。句意：保护丹顶鹤不仅维持生态平衡，也守护珍贵的文化符号，让后代能够欣赏这种优雅生灵的美。the beauty of… 表示“……之美”，是特指，用定冠词the。 71．考查名词。句意：保障丹顶鹤的长久存活是我们共同的责任。形容词long-term后面接名词，survive的名词形式是survival，不可数名词，意为“存活”。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Into the wild 野生动物 单元阅读精练 Although they look clumsy (笨拙的) , bears can run surprisingly fast. They can travel smoothly through thick bushes that would greatly slow down humans or horses. However, their eyesight and hearing are poorly developed, so they mostly hunt by smell. Some bears, such as black bears and spectacled bears (眼镜熊) , are skilled tree climbers. All bears are good swimmers, and polar bears are the most outstanding in this skill. Bears are usually quiet and do not communicate much through sounds. Sometimes they growl while feeding, when challenged by other bears or humans, or when competing for mates. Polar bears are mainly meat-eaters, while giant pandas live almost entirely on plants. Most other bears are omnivorous (杂食的) . They feed on many small things, including ants, tree seeds, roots, nuts, berries and small insects. Many bears are fond of honey, so sun bears are also known as “honey bears”. Bears also catch animals like fish, deer and seals. Grizzly bears are famous for catching salmon when the fish swim upstream to lay eggs. Polar bears’ food choices are limited by the Arctic environment, where almost no plants can grow. Giant pandas have a special structure on their front feet. It acts like a sixth finger and helps them hold bamboo easily. Before winter arrives, most bears eat large amounts of food and then enter dens for a long deep rest. People often mistake this for hibernation (冬眠) . True hibernating animals will have much lower heart rates and body temperatures, but bears do not have such big physiological changes. Bears prefer living alone except during the mating season. After mating, male bears leave and will not help raise the cubs. Their fertilized eggs can stay inactive for a period, which is called delayed implantation (延迟着床) . This ensures baby bears are born in spring when food is rich. Newborn cubs are tiny. Twins are most common. They stay with their mother for more than one year. In the wild, bears can live 15 to 30 years, and they can live much longer in zoos. 【译文欣赏】 熊虽然看起来笨拙，奔跑速度却快得惊人。它们可以在茂密灌木丛里顺畅穿行，而人类或是马匹在这种环境下行动会大幅受阻。不过，它们的视力和听觉发育较差，所以大多依靠嗅觉捕猎。有些熊，例如黑熊和眼镜熊，擅长爬树。所有熊都善于游泳，北极熊在这项能力上最为突出。熊通常很安静，很少通过叫声交流。有时它们进食时、遭到其他熊或人类挑衅时，或是争夺配偶时会低吼。 北极熊基本是肉食动物，而大熊猫几乎完全以植物为食。其余大多数熊属于杂食动物。它们取食很多小型食物，包括蚂蚁、树籽、植物根茎、坚果、浆果以及小型昆虫。很多熊喜爱蜂蜜，马来熊也因此被称作“蜜熊”。熊也会捕食鱼、鹿、海豹这类动物。灰熊最出名的就是在三文鱼洄游产卵时捕鱼。北极熊的食物选择受北极环境限制，那里几乎没有植物能够生长。大熊猫前足有一处特殊结构，功能类似第六根手指，方便它们抓握竹子。 冬天来临前，大多数熊会大量进食，之后躲进洞穴进入长时间深度休憩。人们常常误以为这就是冬眠。真正冬眠的动物心率和体温会大幅下降，但熊不会发生如此剧烈的生理变化。 除交配季节以外，熊偏爱独居。交配结束后，公熊就会离开，不会参与抚育幼崽。它们的受精卵可以休眠一段时间，这个现象叫作延迟着床。这一机制保证熊宝宝在食物充足的春天出生。新生的熊崽体型极小，双胞胎最为常见。幼崽会跟随母熊生活一年以上。野生状态下，熊可以活 15–30 年，在动物园里寿命会更长。 【词汇积累】 1.smoothly adv. 顺畅地，平稳地 2.growl v. 低吼 3.physiological adj. 生理的 4.den n. 兽穴，洞穴 5.hibernation n. 冬眠 6.cub n. 幼兽 7.inactive adj. 不活动的，休眠的 【知识拓展】 欧美自然科普文本非常喜欢讨论熊的蛰伏和“假冬眠”，很多普通西方人也误以为熊冬眠；delayed implantation（延迟着床）是熊科动物标志性繁殖特点，保证幼崽存活。熊在西方文化里同时象征力量、危险与憨厚。 【词汇延伸】 1. hibernate v. 冬眠 → hibernation n. 冬眠 2. physics n. 物理 → physiological adj. 生理的 3. compete v. 竞争 → competition n. 竞争 → competitor n. 竞争者 4. lay eggs 产卵；lay–laid–laid（易混：lie 躺） 【高考真题链接】 （2025·天津·高考真题） All animals take in oxygen from the air they breathe in, and release CO₂ from their blood when breathing out. Most mammals (哺乳动物) can’t directly detect oxygen levels in the blood supplied to their tissues. Instead, they rely on the rising level of CO₂ in their blood to signal that they might need to take a breath. But a recent study published in Science suggests seals (海豹) can sense the amount of oxygen in the blood, and change their diving behavior in response. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. In one corner, there was a breathing chamber (呼吸室), where they were sheltered from the rain and the wind. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. Sure enough: the higher the level of oxygen, the longer the seals stayed at the feeder. The finding suggests that seals don’t just physically respond to oxygen levels by changing their heart rate or breathing, but that they are sufficiently aware of them to change their behavior. This ability would put seals in a class beyond any land mammals that have been tested. Since oxygen levels on land remain stable, humans don’t seem to have evolved (演化) to notice low blood oxygen levels, sometimes not even when they’re about to pass out in free-diving. Therefore, in free-diving without oxygen tanks, accidents are quite common. Our reliance on sensing CO₂ levels in our blood instead of oxygen may be to blame. Actually, this is a perfectly reasonable strategy on land, where growing CO₂ tends to signal breathing issues. But when holding our breath during diving, relying on CO₂ levels is risky, especially on repeated dives. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 1．What do most mammals rely on to determine when to take a breath? A．The growing amount of CO₂ in their blood. B．The rising level of oxygen in their lungs. C．The intensity of their physical activity. D．The blood supply to body tissues. 2．When would the seals stay at the feeder for a longer period of time? A．When they needed to take in more food at the feeder. B．When the oxygen level in the chamber grew higher. C．When they familiarized themselves with the setup. D．When the CO₂ level in the chamber was raised. 3．What results in humans’ inability to notice low oxygen levels in their blood? A．The unstable CO₂ levels in the air. B．Their lack of attention to breathing. C．The constant oxygen levels on land. D．Their functionally changeable heart rate. 4．Why do accidents often occur when divers go free-diving? A．Their breath cannot be held long enough. B．They cannot adjust the consumption of oxygen. C．They may fail to notice rising CO₂ levels soon enough. D．Their breathing organs stop working properly underwater. 5．Which statement is probably supported by McKnight’s seal research? A．Seals have evolved to survive in low oxygen environments. B．Seals are quick to sense oxygen levels and act accordingly. C．Seals can maintain their heart rate even with low blood oxygen levels. D．Seals are more sensitive to changes in the environment than other mammals. ( 1. To find out if oxygen levels affected seal behavior, Professor McKnight at the University of St. Andrews and his colleagues created a special section in a pool where young seals were held. 结构 ：To find out… 为目的状语；if 引导宾语从句，作 find out 的宾语；where young seals were held 为定语从句，修饰 a pool。 译文 ：为了弄清氧气水平是否影响海豹的行为，圣安德鲁斯大学的麦克奈特教授及其同事在泳池中专门辟出一块区域，把幼年海豹养在里面。 2. The breathing chamber was surrounded by panels that prevented surface swimming, yet swimming below the surface for about 200 feet would give the seals access to a feeder where they could eat as much fish as they liked. 结构 ：that prevented surface swimming 为定语从句，修饰 panels；yet 连接两个并列分句表转折；give sb access to sth 表示使某人能接触到某物；where… 为定语从句修饰 feeder；as much fish as they liked 为 as…as 比较结构。 译文 ：呼吸室四周装有隔板，阻止海豹在水面游动，但只要潜入水下约 200 英尺，就能到达一个喂食器，在那里它们可以想吃多少鱼就吃多少。 3. Once the seals got familiar with the setup, the researchers started to gradually change the composition of the air in the breathing chamber, increasing or reducing the levels of oxygen and CO₂ to see an effect on their behavior. 结构 ：Once… 引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”；主句谓语为 started to change；increasing or reducing… 为现在分词短语作方式状语，to see… 表目的。 译文 ：海豹一旦熟悉了这套装置，研究人员便开始逐步改变呼吸室中空气的成分，提高或降低氧气与 CO₂ 的含量，以观察其行为会受到怎样的影响。 4. Because every time we surface and breathe in, our sensitivity to CO₂ is decreased, even if its levels are already high, and this increases the chance that a person will, without awareness, pass out before they get to the surface. 结构 ：Because 引导原因状语从句，其中 every time 起连词作用引导时间状语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句；and 连接两个并列分句；that a person will…pass out 为同位语从句，解释 chance。 译文 ：因为每当我们浮出水面吸气，我们对 CO₂ 的敏感度就会下降——即便此时 CO₂ 水平已经很高；这就增加了人在浮出水面之前毫无察觉地昏厥的可能。 ) ( 1.detect v. 察觉，检测 2.release v. 释放；发布 3.rely on 短语 依靠，依赖 4.signal v. / n. 发出信号；信号 5.in response 短语 作为回应，相应地 6.chamber n. 室，腔 7.composition n. 组成，成分；作文 8.gradually adv. 逐渐地 9.sufficiently adv. 足够地 10.sensitivity n. 敏感度 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 325 科学研究揭开“吸血鬼松鼠”的传说真相 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 365 智利研究者将曾用于猫狗的含铜锌康复背心试用于洪堡企鹅 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 330 动物的装死现象 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 312 藏羚羊曾面临的生存危机以及中国政府和志愿者为保护藏羚羊所采取的有效措施 Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 379 英语习语“鳄鱼的眼泪”的含义、来源以及使用场景 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 248 骆驼是否会游泳 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 226 非洲大象正面临严重的生存危机 Passage8 完形填空 记叙文 251 莉娜与父母救助受伤的海龟 Passage9 完形填空 说明文 290 不同动物选择独居或群居的原因，以及各自的生存策略 Passage10 语法填空 说明文 205 丹顶鹤的外形、栖息习性、保护现状及其文化意义 Passage 1 （26-27高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）For years, a strange story has circulated in the rainforests of Borneo. According to local Dayak hunters, a small creature with sharp, saw-like teeth waits on a low branch, leaps onto the back of a deer, and bites its neck to drink its blood. The animal is the tufted ground squirrel, and the tale has earned it a frightening nickname: the “vampire (吸血鬼) squirrel”. Now, field research has finally offered a different picture. Scientists from Kayan Mentarang National Park have used camera traps and long-range photography to observe the squirrel in the wild. What they found was far less dramatic — and far more interesting. The squirrel’s long, grooved incisors (门齿) are not designed for cutting blood vessels. They are built for cracking open extremely hard forest seeds. In fact, the animal feeds almost entirely on the nuts of a few specific trees, making it a highly specialized seed eater rather than a blood-drinker. The squirrel is unusual in other ways, too. Its tail is about 30 percent larger than its body, the largest tail-to-body ratio of any squirrel in the world. Researchers believe the oversized tail helps it balance while moving through the trees. The research team set up dozens of camera traps across the park, recording the squirrel’s activity from midday until late afternoon, mostly on the forest floor where it searches for seeds. The park’s head noted that only about 20 percent of the area has been surveyed so far, meaning many more surprises may still be hidden in the forest. The Borneo tufted ground squirrel is currently listed as endangered, threatened by habitat loss and hunting. For scientists, the study is a reminder that stories passed down through generations can be fascinating, but they are not always reliable. Sometimes the truth about nature is stranger — and gentler — than the legend. 1．What was the local belief about the tufted ground squirrel? A．It fed mainly on hard forest seeds. B．It attacked deer to drink their blood. C．It used its tail to attract game. D．It lived only in the highest trees. 2．What does the research reveal about the squirrel’s teeth? A．They are used for fighting other squirrels. B．They are too weak to break hard nuts. C．They are specially adapted for cracking seeds. D．They are similar to those of deer. 3．What does the underlined word “specialized” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Different from other squirrels’ diet. B．Able to survive in many environments. C．Dependent on human protection. D．Limited to a particular type of food. 4．Why does the author mention that only 20 percent of the park has been surveyed? A．To criticize the park for poor management. B．To suggest the squirrel is in danger of dying out. C．To show that the research is far from complete. D．To prove that camera traps are ineffective. Passage 2 （26-27高一上·浙江温州·期中） Researchers in Chile have designed a new kind of clothes for injured penguins — tight red vests (背心) with copper and zinc (铜和锌). They hope these can help the birds heal (痊愈) faster. Animal doctors have found success in the past using such vests to treat injured dogs and cats. Now they’re trying out the technology on Humboldt penguins in Chile, home to the largest number of these endangered species. “For years, vests with small parts like copper and zinc have been tested on pets, particularly dogs and cats, and have greatly helped in the recovery of skin wounds,” said Ignacio Idalsoaga, head of the Buin Zoo. “We began to wonder — why can’t this be used on penguins?” He told The Associated Press from the zoo on Wednesday. The experiment comes as Chile’s Humboldt penguin population drops sharply. Researchers surveying the country’s major breeding (繁殖) places in 2024 and 2025 found a 63% drop in active nests compared to the same places three years earlier. The birds face more and more dangers, such as getting caught in fishing nets, plastic pollution, illness, and having less food because of competition with fishermen. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) makes things worse, which brings unusually warm waters to parts of the Pacific Ocean, making the cold-water fish that they need harder to find. Hunger forces penguin parents to travel farther for food and leave their nests behind. “Especially now, we’re likely to see many lost chicks in the coming weeks, with injuries they suffer in the environment,” Idalsoaga said. Animal hospitals in Chile care for penguins found along the coast. Penguins turn their long necks and bite the cuts, making their cuts hard to treat. This behavior may also lead them to pull out their coverings. The vests keep them from doing this. It also slows bacteria that can hurt a cut and helps new blood vessels (血管) grow, so skin can recover faster. Vet Tomás Pino said the birds did not seem troubled by the vests. His team saw that the wounds looked better the next day. 5．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning dogs and cats in paragraph 2? A．To explain why vests were first used on dogs and cats. B．To prove the vests have worked well on animals before. C．To suggest penguins should receive the same care as pets. D．To argue pets have more skin problems than penguins do. 6．What can we learn about El Nino? A．It cools the water of the Pacific. B．It drives penguins away from nests. C．It brings illnesses to adult penguins. D．It cuts down penguins’ food supplies. 7．Why are the penguins’ cuts hard to treat? A．Their long necks make vests hard to keep on. B．Their wounds may get worse because of bacteria. C．Their habits make them bite and remove coverings. D．Their own coverings slow the growth of blood vessels. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Chilean doctors use vests to treat pets. B．Humboldt penguins face many threats. C．Chilean researchers test healing vests on penguins. D．Chilean researchers study penguins’ food shortage. Passage 3 （26-27高一上·河南·期中）Not many predators (捕食者) will eat an animal that’s already dead. It would be like going to a restaurant, finding that all the food has gone bad, and then eating there anyway. Most predators have developed a natural dislike to dead animals to avoid the risk of getting a deadly illness from bad or diseased meat. And some small animals that are often caught by predators have realized this dislike. Animals such as opossums, snakes and frogs have developed a system to deceive predators by “playing dead”, otherwise known as tonic immobility (强直静止). When a small animal is in danger, it becomes afraid, cannot move for a short time, and its muscles become hard to move, so it looks like an animal that died naturally. Their body temperature and breathing rates (率) can be greatly reduced to fool hungry predators. For example, the American opossum can drop its heart rate by around 46 per cent, breathing rate by around 31 per cent and lower body temperature by 0.6 degrees Celsius during tonic immobility. Animals that are playing dead will give off bad smells to make their death act even more real. The red tree frog even throws up something smelly from its mouth. Some predators, however, are wise to this, and use it to their advantage. Killer whales have discovered that manta rays enter a dead state when they’re upside down. Using their powerful tails, killer whales hit shallow water to turn the ray over and eat their meal. For ocean predators, tonic immobility is slightly different. When turned upside down, sharks enter into an immobile state. While scientists have suggested that it works just like other small animals avoiding predators, super predators like sharks must be doing it for other reasons. It takes just a few seconds after being upside down for the shark to become immobile, and this state lasts for around 15 minutes before they recover. 9．Why do most predators avoid dead animals? A．They dislike bad food. B．They fear getting diseases. C．They prefer hunting live animals. D．They have plenty of food. 10．What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “deceive” in paragraph 2? A．Cheat. B．Attract. C．Frighten. D．Attack. 11．What does the author say about killer whales? A．They are playful. B．They are clever. C．They are powerful. D．They are brave. 12．What does the passage tell us about tonic immobility in sharks? A．It appears during predator attacks. B．It happens for unknown reasons. C．It usually lasts over 15 minutes. D．It shows signs of small animals. Passage 4 （26-27高一上·天津河西·阶段检测）The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we’re here to observe Tibetan antelopes. Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m attracted by the lovely animals. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur. My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says, “Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.” Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature. 13．The author went to Tibet in order to ________. A．breathe fresh air in Tibet B．enjoy the scene in Tibet C．learn the history of Tibet D．observe Tibetan antelopes 14．Where does Zhaxi work? A．In Tibet. B．In Xinjiang. C．In Qinghai. D．In Sichuan. 15．What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s? A．Tibetan antelopes were well protected. B．Tibetan antelopes’ population dropped. C．Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people. D．Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways. 16．According to Paragraph 6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were ________. A．useless B．basic C．successful D．simple 17．What’s the purpose of the text? A．To kill the Tibetan antelope. B．To study the Tibetan antelope. C．To watch the Tibetan antelope. D．To protect the Tibetan antelope. Passage 5 （26-27高一上·江苏扬州·阶段检测）Have you ever heard the expression “crocodile tears”? The expression reminds us of an amazing animal — The crocodile! First, why are they amazing? Well, crocodiles are experts at survival. Scientists say they first appeared 200 million years ago and have outlived the dinosaurs by some 65 million years. One reason they are such good survivors is that they can go for a very long time without eating. And they are expert hunters! They use their strong jaws to bite their prey (猎物) and then they swallow their food whole. Here’s another fun fact about crocodiles: When they lose a tooth, they grow one right back. A crocodile can go through 8,000 teeth in one lifetime! Okay, while these facts are fascinating, they really do not help to explain today’s expression: crocodile tears. Simply put, “crocodile tears” are fake sadness. You pretend to cry and feel bad for something when in fact you could not care less. A great word to describe crocodile tears is insincere. But why do tears from an ancient, unfeeling reptile (爬行动物) mean false sadness? Well, the expression “crocodile tears” comes from an old myth that crocodiles would shed tears while eating their prey. Writers on the website Crocodilian.com claim that this myth was in use by the 1200s. A religious worker from that time wrote that if a crocodile found a man by the water, it would kill him if it could. Then the crocodile would cry tears on the man, but then finally swallow him. Another myth about crocodile tears suggests the animals are very crafty indeed. Crocodiles, the story goes, would shed tears as a false show of guilt or grief to trick their prey. The prey would come closer and then become dinner. So, that is the origin of the phrase “crocodile tears”. But, please note. You do not have to have actual tears flowing down your face to have “crocodile tears.” If you fake sadness or regret by using only words, others can still accuse you of having “crocodile tears.” Sometimes, crocodile tears are worse than insincere. Sometimes they are also hypocritical. Those are the times you are showing sadness but actually in your heart, you are quite happy about the situation. 18．What can best explain why crocodiles are good survivors? A．They remain alive without food for a long time. B．They outlived the dinosaurs by 65 million years. C．They have strong jaws and teeth to bite the prey. D．They pretend to shed tears before swallowing prey. 19．What does the underlined sentence in Para3 mean? A．You do care as much as before. B．You don’t care about it at all. C．You care more than anyone else. D．You care no less than others. 20．According to the second myth, why would crocodiles shed tears? A．To show sympathy for the prey. B．To attract the prey’s attention. C．To feel guilty for the dying prey. D．To cheat the prey to get closer. 21．In which of the following situations can you find the employment of “crocodile tears”? A．You are jealous of your coworker’s quick promotion. B．You feel sad for your friend’s being seriously ill. C．You feel sorry for your competitor’s failure in a match. D．You are sad because your application was rejected. Passage 6 （25-26高一下·陕西渭南·阶段检测）Camels are known as the “ships of the desert” . They have come to be connected with surviving in difficult situations. They can get through long journeys through hot sand hills. 22 In this blog post we will explore the interesting world of camels and dig into the question: how can camels swim? The water is wonderful for camels to swim, and camels certainly own the ability to swim. However, it is not their preferred way of transportation. 23 They only adapt to watery environments when it is necessary. 24 Their large, soft, and thick feet function effectively to keep them afloat (漂浮) in preventing them from sinking into soft sand and their woolly fur can trap air, providing buoyancy (浮力). When camels enter the water, they use a leg-kicking movement, which allows them to move the water well. But it is important to clear up a common misunderstanding. Camels do not store water in humps (驼峰). 25 Thus, their swimming has nothing to do with humps. While camels might know swimming, they show skills, when faced with water blocks during their desert journeys. Their adaptability and unique features make them able to travel through different kinds of landscape. Whether it is the hot sands of the desert or the occasional water crossings, they always find a way to survive. Camels are undoubtedly more skilled in the water than one might initially think. They may not be Olympic swimmers. 26 A．Do you know why camels can stand heat? B．They usually simply float much of the time. C．The hump causes trouble for the camel when it swims. D．Their humps actually store fat and seldom offer buoyancy. E．However, have you ever wondered if these creatures swim? F．Camels have some special body structures that allow them to swim. G．After all, these desert creatures are best known for their ability to adapt to dry conditions. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·广东广州·期末） The evolutionary Choice and Survival Crisis of African Elephants The world’s African elephants are in serious danger. 27 And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years. Many believe that an illegal hunter could get ivory without killing the elephant — this is not true. 28 And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg in water. The tusk (象牙) is not just bone but rather it is alive, filled with nerves and blood vessels (血管) and when broken off, the tusks would likely become infected and lead to a slow and painful death. However, there is a new form of hope rising from nature itself. African elephants are being born without the tusks that illegal hunters have hunted for decades. But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless? 29 Is such change beneficial to elephants’ survival in the long term? As we know, elephant tusks are not just glorious-looking. 30 Therefore scientists are working to track the newly tuskless among them, to see how this unfortunate adaptation affects the species. Ivory hunters are not the only danger faced by elephants today. And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all. 31 A．Action should be taken to protect animals in the world. B．Only two-thirds of an elephant’s tusks stick out of their mouth. C．They also have important uses such as self-defense and digging. D．It is estimated that one is killed every 15 minutes for their ivory tusks. E．That’s because elephants without tusks have a better chance of surviving. F．After centuries of being hunted by humans, many African elephants are tuskless. G．And it’s in our power to make this happen by cutting demand and raising awareness. Passage 8 （26-27高一上·湖北襄阳·阶段检测）17-year-old Lina was walking along a coastal village when she noticed a small turtle 32 to return to the sea. Its left flipper (鳍状肢) was broken. Lina felt 33 seeing the poor animal. She called her parents for help. Together, they 34 picked up the turtle and took it to a nearby wildlife 35 . The vet (兽医) there told them the turtle was an endangered (濒危的) species. It had been 36 by a fishing net. The vet promised to treat it until it 37 . Every afternoon, Lina visited the turtle. She 38 it eat small fish and swim in a small pool. Lina named it “Wave” because it 39 playing in the water. She even brought a small toy boat to make Wave feel more 40 in the water. After three weeks, the vet said Wave was ready to go back to the sea. Lina and her family took Wave to the 41 . When they set it down, Wave stopped for a moment as if to 42 the days spent with Lina, then swam towards the sea. Lina waved goodbye, her eyes filled with 43 . She knew Wave’s journey would be hard, but she also believed it could 44 . This experience taught Lina that every life 45 . She joined a wildlife protection club at her school to help more animals, hoping that one day all endangered species will live in 46 without human threats. 32．A．refusing B．preparing C．struggling D．preferring 33．A．angry B．sad C．frightened D．confused 34．A．quickly B．secretly C．suddenly D．carefully 35．A．island B．park C．cave D．hospital 36．A．hurt B．covered C．attacked D．protected 37．A．recovered B．shook C．adapted D．competed 38．A．reminded B．observed C．ordered D．requested 39．A．feared B．recommended C．enjoyed D．imagined 40．A．determined B．anxious C．creative D．relaxed 41．A．zoo B．pool C．beach D．forest 42．A．look back on B．make fun of C．keep track of D．look forward to 43．A．tears B．doubts C．fear D．shock 44．A．regret B．survive C．suffer D．attack 45．A．lives B．changes C．matters D．limits 46．A．trouble B．pressure C．surprise D．peace Passage 9 （26-27高一上·河南新乡·阶段检测）Some animals live in families. Some live in great big groups. And others live mostly by themselves. Animals have to find the right 47 of living so they can stay safe, take 48 of their babies, and find food. A giant panda 49 eats bamboo, and it takes lots of bamboo to fill up a panda! To make sure there’s enough bamboo for everyone, each panda has a territory where it lives alone, except during mating (交配) time or when a mother is 50 her baby. Lions are hunters. 51 , they live in groups. On the African plains, finding enough animals to eat is no problem. But 52 them is. Lions have better luck when they hunt 53 . Eagles live and hunt together in lifelong 54 . A male and a female both help to 55 a nest of sticks and twigs (小枝条), lined with 56 grasses. When the eggs hatch, one parent 57 at home to protect the young eagles while the other searches for mice or fish to eat. Tigers are stealthy hunters who sneak up on prey such as deer or wild pigs — then pounce! But hunting is 58 . It can take 10 tries before a tiger gets a meal. Living 59 means there’s enough prey to eat and makes quiet hunting easier. Herds of muskoxen crowd together for 60 . If a wolf comes too close, cousins, aunts, and uncles form a tight 61 , with their sharp horns (角) facing outward and their young safe inside. What brings ladybugs (瓢虫) together? It’s time to hibernate for the winter by bunching together, and then the ladybugs keep each other warm. 47．A．road B．place C．way D．season 48．A．notice B．hold C．sight D．care 49．A．mainly B．previously C．finally D．hardly 50．A．searching B．following C．raising D．fighting 51．A．Therefore B．However C．Otherwise D．Besides 52．A．catching B．bringing C．taking D．cheating 53．A．alone B．lonely C．together D．separately 54．A．pairs B．groups C．numbers D．teams 55．A．live B．move C．find D．build 56．A．hard B．soft C．cold D．green 57．A．stays B．leaves C．reaches D．hides 58．A．easy B．hard C．impossible D．necessary 59．A．together B．in groups C．alone D．nearby 60．A．food B．fun C．sale D．protection 61．A．circle B．square C．line D．wall Passage 10 （26-27高一上·辽宁大连·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Chinese culture, the red-crowned crane has long been regarded as a 62 (symbol) creature of happiness and good luck. It is one of the largest cranes in the world, with its height 63 (average) about 150 cm. Its unique feature, from 64 it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head. The red-crowned crane 65 (find) in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula since the natural environment there meets its living requirements. In China, it spends the 66 (warm) months in the rivers and wetlands in the north-east. When the weather gets cold, it migrates to east-central China for a milder climate. Its food includes fish, snails and water plants. This bird only breeds where the natural habitat is safe enough for it 67 (assume) the role of parent. 68 effective protection, this rare bird would be at great risk of extinction. Thanks to joint efforts, many conservation groups for this bird 69 (found) to date. Protecting red-crowned cranes not only maintains ecological balance but also preserves a precious cultural symbol, allowing future generations to admire 70 beauty of this elegant creature. It is our shared responsibility to guarantee the long-term 71 (survive) of red-crowned cranes. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $