Unit 6 At one with nature 人与自然（单元阅读精练）英语外研版必修第一册

Unit 6 At one with nature 人与自然 单元阅读精练 Glenn Albrecht is an Australian professor who studies environmental problems. He created some new words to help us rethink the relationship between humans and nature. One of his special terms is eutierria (万物共融感) . It refers to a warm and pleasant feeling of being united with the earth and all living things. This feeling appears when humans and nature support and enrich each other in a symbiotic (共生的) way. This experience does not belong to any religion, yet it is similar to the “oceanic feeling” mentioned in many traditional beliefs. When eutierria comes, the boundary between you and nature seems to disappear. You feel you become one with the whole world, filled with calm and connection. You truly understand that you depend on nature. You may have this experience when you go deep into wild nature. You use all your senses to watch, listen, smell and touch the natural world. At that moment, your busy, thinking mind slows down. You may forget about yourself and become fully lost in the natural scenery. Once a Mexican music teacher asked his students, “Can you see the past?” Then he told them to look at stars at night. The starlight reaching our eyes left those stars thousands or millions of years ago. Some stars we “see” have already died. Even moonlight takes more than one second to travel to us. This rule applies to everything we sense. For example, we see a firework first and hear its sound a little later. All signals we receive are from the past. Our brain puts these different signals together to build our idea of “the present”. This brings a paradox (悖论) : our senses connect us to all nature, yet they also make us separate individuals. We are closely linked with every living thing, which gives us the motivation to protect nature. At the same time, we need to respect that every creature has its own life and needs. We should not force our wishes onto them. This balance is a key idea in environmental philosophy. 【译文欣赏】 格伦·阿尔布雷希特是一位研究环境问题的澳大利亚教授。他创造了一些新词，帮助我们重新思考人与自然的关系。其中一个特别的术语是 eutierria（万物共融感）。它指一种温暖愉悦的感受：你与大地以及世间所有生灵融为一体。当人类和自然以共生的方式互相支撑、彼此滋养时，这种感受就会出现。 这种体验不属于任何宗教，但它和很多传统信仰里提到的“海洋感”十分相似。当万物共融感袭来，你和自然之间的边界仿佛消失了。你感觉自己和整个世界合而为一，内心平静，和万物相连。你真切意识到自己依赖自然。 当你深入荒野，或许就能拥有这种体验。你调动全部感官去观察、聆听、嗅闻、触摸自然。那一刻，你忙碌不停、持续思考的大脑慢下来。你可能忘记自我，完全沉浸在自然风光之中。 曾经有一位墨西哥音乐老师问学生：“你们能看见过去吗？”接着他让学生在夜晚仰望星辰。抵达我们眼中的星光，是成千上万甚至数百万年前从恒星发出的。有些我们“看见”的星星其实早已消亡。就连月光抵达我们眼中，也需要一秒多钟。这条规律适用于我们感知到的一切事物。举个例子：我们先看见烟花，片刻之后才听见爆炸声。我们接收的所有信号，都来自过去。大脑把这些不同信号整合在一起，构建出我们对于“当下”的认知。 这就引出一个悖论：感官把我们和整个自然相连，同时又让我们成为彼此独立的个体。我们和每一个生命紧密联结，这给予我们保护自然的动力。与此同时，我们需要尊重：每一种生物都拥有属于自己的生命与需求。我们不能把自身意愿强加给它们。这种平衡，是环境哲学里的核心思想。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.boundary n. 边界，界限 2.unite v. 联合，融为一体 3.sensation n. 感觉，感知 4.individual n./adj. 个体；单独的 5.motivation n. 动力，动机 6.philosophy n. 哲学 7.apply v. 适用；应用 8.enrich v. 使丰富，滋养 【知识拓展】 光速有限，所以人类所有视觉感知都存在延迟：我们永远无法看见“此刻”的远方。这个观点常被外刊用来讨论人与自然、自我边界，是读后续写和概要写作的优质素材。 【词汇延伸】 1.unite v. 联合 → union n. 联合；unity n. 统一性 2.motivate v. 激励 → motivation n. 动力 → motivated adj. 有动力的 3.sense n./v. 感官；感知 → sensitive adj. 敏感的 4.separate v./adj. 分离；分开的 → separation n. 分离 5.religion n. 宗教 → religious adj. 宗教的 【高考真题链接】 （2026·北京·高考真题） Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. ( 句 1 　What we know as a scent is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. 结构 ：What we know as a scent 为主语从句，what 作 know 的宾语；released from objects 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 chemicals。 译文 ：我们所称的气味，是物体释放到空气中的天然或人造化学物质的总和。 考点 ：what 引导主语从句时不可换成 that；airborne（空气传播的）是合成形容词，注意 -borne 构词，如 waterborne 水传播的。 句 2 　As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules, and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. 结构 ：As temperatures rise 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；and 连接两个并列分句；due to climate change 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 loss；that scent the environment 为定语从句修饰 plants，此处 scent 为动词。 译文 ：随着气温升高，人造物质会释放出更多气味分子；而气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失，也威胁着那些为环境提供气味的植物。 句 3 　Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. 结构 ：两个破折号之间为插入语，是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 snow；as temperatures rise 为时间状语从句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事。 译文 ：积雪本就受到气候变暖的威胁，随着气温升高，它还会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。 ) ( 1.scent n. / v. 气味；使……有气味 2.overlook v. 忽视，未注意到 3.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 4.shift v. / n. 转变，移动 5.perception n. 感知，认知 6.intensify v. 增强，加剧 7.absorb v. 吸收；使专心 8.desensitised adj. 变得不敏感的，麻木的 9.degradation n. 退化，恶化 10.dispersal n. 消散，驱散，散布 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 302 维吾尔族传统水利工程坎儿井的构造、管护规则与节水优势 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 308 摄影师乔尔·萨特雷的“影像方舟”项目，通过拍摄濒危动物唤起人们对其生存状况的关注 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 310 与自然接触，尤其是室内绿植对人们身心健康有益 Passage4 阅读理解 记叙文 279 Rohan Sharma将废弃塑料转化为新型环保建材PlastRock Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 326 塑料制品的广泛应用及其带来的严重污染问题 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 277 “绿色处方”的重大项目帮助英格兰的人们与自然建立联系 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 273 亲近水域的好处及体验方式 Passage8 完形填空 说明文 276 鲨鱼遭滥捕现状并呼吁人们保护鲨鱼 Passage9 完形填空 记叙文 275 环保少女格蕾塔发起气候罢课并推动绿色生活 Passage10 语法填空 议论文 250 人类活动对动物种群造成了巨大危害 Passage 1 （25-26高一下·吉林四平·阶段检测）The Uyghur people (维吾尔族人) have lived in harmony with nature for over 2,000 years. Their secret? It’s a traditional water management system called “karez”, which turns dry mountains into farming lands. The karez system is made of three parts: underground channels, wells, and open ditches. Mountain streams are guided into underground channels to avoid evaporation (蒸发). The wells, spaced every 20 — 30 meters, allow people to clean the channels. Finally, water flows into open ditches that water the fields. What’s amazing is how the Uyghur people have protected this system. They have rules: no cutting trees near the water sources, no building houses over the channels, and no wasting water. “Our ancestors taught us that water is life,” says a 78-year-old village elder. “If we protect water, water will protect us.” This ancient wisdom is now inspiring modern environmentalists. A team of engineers led by Professor Li Zhicheng studied the karez system and found it uses 30% less water than modern irrigation (灌溉) methods. “The Uyghur people’s way shows that working with nature, not against it, is the key to sustainability,” said Professor Li Zhicheng. However, the karez system faces challenges. Young people are moving to cities, leaving fewer people to maintain it. To solve this, villages have started teaching children about the system in schools. A 12-year-old child Guli spends weekends helping her grandfather clean the wells. “I want to learn how our ancestors lived with nature,” she says. “Maybe one day, I can help protect this system.” The Uyghur people’s relationship with nature offers a valuable lesson: Humans are not masters of nature, but part of it. As the world faces climate change, the karez system reminds us that traditional knowledge might hold the solutions we need. 1．What is the function of the wells in the karez system? A．They are used to collect rainwater. B．They allow people to clean the channel. C．They help control the water temperature. D．They are designed to store drinking water. 2．Why do the Uyghur people avoid building houses over the channels? A．To make cleaning easier. B．To keep the water flowing fast. C．To reduce construction costs. D．To protect the karez system. 3．What can we learn about Professor Li Zhicheng’s opinion on the karez system? A．He considers it outdated. B．He doubts its effectiveness. C．He believes it has environmental value. D．He thinks it needs modern improvements. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Uyghur People’s Water Wisdom B．Protecting Mountain Streams C．Ancient Irrigation Methods D．Traditional vs Modern Systems Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津·阶段检测）How much do you love animals? Maybe not as much as photographer Joel Sartore. He is traveling the world to take pictures of as many animals as he can find, which allows people to focus on the beauty and uniqueness of each animal. Sartore is working on a project to take photos of all 20,000 different types of animals living in the world’s zoos, aquariums (水族馆) and wildlife shelters. And he has already taken nearly 15,000! The purpose of his photo project is to remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered (濒危的) animals are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone. “My job is to tell their stories and hope that the world cares in time,” he told The Weather Channel in 2023. Sartore calls his project the Photo Ark, like the story of Noah’s Ark, in which a large boat is built to save every type of animal in the world from a flood. He founded the Photo Ark in2016 in his hometown of Lincoln, Nebraska. He doesn’t just take his animal photos in the usual zoo environment, however. He puts each animal on a black or white background with studio lights. This helps him photograph their true colors, and lets people see a little mouse as clearly as a big elephant and look each animal right in the eye. “When people connect to animals through eye contact, we have got a real chance at changing human behavior,” Sartore says. The project has been well received (反响好的). Sartore has more than 1.6 million followers online and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. He asks people to buy his books and photos, give money to the Photo Ark, and support zoos, aquariums and wildlife shelters near where they live. 5．What is the purpose of Sartore’s photo project? __________ A．To help sell his photos. B．To help save animals in danger. C．To meet his own interest in animals. D．To offer some food to animals. 6．What can be known about Sartore’s photos of the animals in Paragraph 4? __________ A．They are colorful. B．They are about animals that are cute. C．They are taken in a natural environment. D．They are taken in a black or white background with lights. 7．What is people’s attitude towards Sartore’s project? __________ A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Negative. 8．What would be the best title for the passage? __________ A．The profile (简介) of a Traveling photographer. B．The Special Technique (技术) of Animal Studio Photography. C．Saving Endangered animals with a photo project. D．Noah’s Ark (诺亚方舟): From Ancient Story to Modern Time. Passage 3 （25-26高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）I was on the phone with a friend the other day, and because I can’t sit still, I started to clean my plant with wet wipes. It was nice, I thought, gently attending to the plant while I chatted away in my living room. As the sun bathed each shining leaf, I grew more peaceful. Connecting yourself with nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health. But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too. Viewing nature indoors, scientific research suggested, can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. The presence of plants in a hospital room has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Touching soil, even if it’s in pots on your windowsill (窗台), may improve your physical health as well by making your immune system stronger. “So get your hands dirty. Don’t see plants as something to look at, but not touch,” said Dr. Willis, a professor of biodiversity of Oxford. When taking care of plants, we can also regard it as an opportunity to check in with ourselves: Am I getting enough water? Have I gotten enough sunlight today, too? Or we can use the time to pick up the phone and connect with someone. “I’ve had some of my best conversations with friends as I’ve been watering my plants.” Dr. Willis said. That feeling of satisfaction will bring mental benefit on a regular basis. Moreover, your workspace doesn’t have to be a wasteland. “If you have an office that gets some light, consider bringing in something green,” Dr. Willis said. “The presence of plants in a workspace has been shown to make workers happier and more productive.” But if you’re a beginner, there are some of the best houseplants you can choose from. 9．How does the author find cleaning the plant when chatting on a phone? A．Addictive. B．Breathtaking. C．Comforting. D．Tense. 10．What can indoor plants bring in terms of health? A．Reduced blood pressure. B．Deep self-reflection. C．Sharp mind. D．Festive mood. 11．What might the author continue talking about? A．The tips for increasing worker productivity. B．The recommendations for easy-care houseplants. C．The measures taken to improve office atmosphere. D．The ways to strike up a conversation with workmates. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Touching Soil Can Make You Trouble-free. B．Houseplants Can Make You Healthier. C．From Wasteland to Wonderland. D．From Hospital to Garden. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·河北沧州·期末）In a workshop, Rohan Sharma faced mountains of plastic. To most, it was worthless waste. But Rohan saw a different truth. In each piece, he saw a misplaced resource (资源) waiting for a second chance. For three years, Rohan stuck to his opinion, tirelessly experimenting in a cloud of plastic dust. The journey was lonely, but the belief that problem had its own solution kept him moving. The finding was simple. Rohan discovered that by cutting the plastic into fine pieces and mixing them with natural materials, he could create a slab (厚片) . It was cool to touch and surprisingly strong. He called it “PlastRock”. Unlike the heavy bricks commonly used, PlastRock was remarkably light. Most importantly, every slab had a meal of plastic waste. A local school offered a real-world test — a small storage room. The rainy season arrived with its full power, hitting the structure for weeks. The PlastRock walls stood dry while nearby traditional walls showed signs of decay (腐烂) . Orders began to flow. Rohan’s small workshop developed into a proper startup. He hired from the community of former waste pickers, individuals who knew the plastic landscape. He was not just building a business, but also solving an environmental problem. Standing beside a wall of PlastRock, Rohan said, “People see the end of plastic’s life. I see the beginning of a wall. PlastRock is a simple idea: that nothing is truly without value and that our biggest challenges often hide the very materials we need to overcome them.” His story became a test of the power of looking at the familiar with different eyes. 13．How did Rohan Sharma see plastic waste? A．He thought it should be buried. B．He believed it was easy to deal with. C．He viewed it as something of great value. D．He treated it as something without any use. 14．What is a big strength of PlastRock compared with traditional bricks? A．It is more attractive. B．It can stay dry in heavy rain. C．It is more colorful and softer. D．It takes longer time to clean. 15．What social effect does Rohan Sharma’s research bring? A．It attracts interest from architects. B．It causes people to use less plastic. C．It greatly promotes local construction businesses. D．It provides former waste pickers with new chances. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．The Man Inventing a New Brick B．The Man Concentrating on Plastic C．The Man Building a Business on Waste D．The Man Turning Plastic into Green Gold Passage 5 （25-26高一上·四川内江·阶段检测）Plastics (塑料) are amazing materials which are widely used in our daily lives. Besides, they’re often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date. That’s about 1,400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Some of that plastic is still in use. But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away. All that plastic waste is an environmental threat. Only about 9 percent of plastic waste has been recycled. Another 12 percent has been burned. The remaining 79 percent ended up in landfills or in nature, which, like the Lego block, takes a long time to decompose (降解). Plastic litters the world from the highest mountaintop to the deepest seafloor. Many animals might regard this rubbish as food. If they get full, these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer. Plastic rubbish in the oceans also leaves birds, turtles and other wildlife in a jam. Big pieces of plastic aren’t the only problem. Abandoned plastic can break into tiny bits called microplastics. Winds blow these bits far and wide. Ocean waves can spread them through the sea. They build up inside animals and also get into our food and drinking water. Each American is likely to consume (摄入/吞食) more than 70,000 microplastic pieces per year. Right now, no one knows what risk that might bring. Scientists have some ideas about how to clean up this mess. The Ocean Cleanup is developing cleanup systems to fish out plastic pieces from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. And new technology could help microplastics decompose in the environment. But as far as I know, many of these plans are still far from effective (有效的) so far. The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic — and then throwing it out — in the first place. 17．What does the Lego block show about plastic waste? A．It is hard to break down. B．Little of it has been burned. C．It is easy to be recycled. D．Most of it ends up in landfills. 18．How might the plastic rubbish influence animals? A．By making them suffer from hunger. B．By reducing their food. C．By piling up in their homes. D．By changing the environment. 19．What is the author’s attitude to the present methods of cleaning plastic waste? A．Objective(客观的). B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. 20．Why does the author write the text? A．To criticize plastic production. B．To suggest ways to deal with environmental issues. C．To call on people to protect the environment. D．To introduce the present(目前的) situation of plastic pollution. Passage 6 （24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段检测）A major project called green-prescription (处方) helping people in England connect with nature was launched. More than 8,000 people took part in such activities in the project including community gardening, tree planting and wild swimming. 21 The result can show it. After taking part in the project, people’s feelings of happiness and of life being worthwhile jumped to near national averages while levels of anxiety fell significantly. 22 The traditional treatments took up to 1,000 pounds for 10 sessions nearly twice of it. “Green social prescribing” is an effective way of supporting people with mental health. But the project is just in its early stage. 23 It is expected to get a new round of funding from authority to work on expanding its reach because there is an awful lot of demand, both from health services and from a lot of people whose needs are not being met. Connecting with nature is a lifelong resource with proven benefits for mental and physical health. It can cut through generations of pitiable life events. But now many of the patients can’t access nature in this way due to a range of personal, social, and cultural factors. 24 This project has the possibility to reduce the prescribing and treatment costs, as well as addressing many health needs and lowering the risk of several diseases, from diabetes (糖尿病) to depression. So, the project tries its best to help more people. 25 It has sites in Humberside, South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Manchester, Surrey and the west country. 21% of the people who receive green prescribing are populations from remote areas and 57% from underdeveloped areas. A．Most of them with mental ill health have benefited from it. B．The participants were checked before and after the project. C．The project also found a green prescription was cost-effective. D．The people in need are recommended to the project. E．Its further growth requires the help of the government system. F．That’s why green social prescribing is so important. G．The project has reached a broad range of people now. Passage 7 （25-26高一下·浙江·期中）World Water Day on 22 March is a reminder of the importance of water for people and the planet. 26 Whether you’re splashing in a pool or walking by a river, water connects your senses. At the beach, you can see the waves rolling in, hear them crashing, smell and taste the salty air and feel the cool water on your feet. 27 This can refer to the sea, canals, lakes, rivers and fountains — anywhere that people can enjoy water. Scientists think blue spaces help you relax because, over time, lots of humans have lived near water, so it feels safe and familiar. Researcher Kate Campbell studies blue spaces and says they have the power to “relax our bodies and tell our minds to switch off”. Even just looking at water can help you feel focused. A study in 2022 found that it made volunteers feel relaxed and slowed their heart rate. 28 Studies show that people often feel happier when they live close to the coast. Water has also been shown to boost creativity, which is why you might get good ideas in the shower or bath. 29 Author Catherine Kelly says relaxing in the bath is good too, or feeling rain on your skin. If you don’t like getting wet, sit indoors by the window and watch raindrops race to the bottom. At the beach you can go for a swim if an adult says it’s safe to do so, or sit on the shore and watch the horizon. 30 Kelly says you can think, “Here I am, this small thing. So my problems are not that big after all.” A．But did you know it keeps your mind healthy too? B．Water is important for agriculture and industry worldwide. C．Watching waves calms mind and rushing water aids sleep. D．Breathing sea air can also be good for your physical health. E．You don’t need to live by the sea to feel connected to water. F．This peaceful feeling near water actually has a name: blue space. G．Seeing a huge blue space has been shown to help you let go of things. Passage 8 （25-26高一下·宁夏石嘴山·期中）A dark ocean at night hides hidden dangers. A lonely swimmer is suddenly pulled down into the water. Such scary scenes from a famous movie have strengthened people’s long-held 31 of sharks as a dangerous animal. The film Jaws, produced in 1975, describes a fierce white shark that repeatedly hurts and harms ordinary swimmers. The movie achieved huge success overnight, 32 millions of viewers worldwide. It also deepened the public’s fixed view that sharks are dangerous and 33 natural killers. In fact, humans have always felt 34 of large sea creatures. However, this popular film made public worries much 35 . Many viewers believed sharks actively 36 human beings on purpose. Some local people gave up 37 in coastal waters, while others began to hunt sharks crazily. At that time, few people 38 the possible result of killing large numbers of sharks. As time went by, shark populations dropped sharply across the globe. The sharp decline was partly 39 to public fear, and mainly to a cruel business called finning. Fishermen catch sharks, cut off their fins and throw the injured animals back to the ocean. Without fins, sharks will die slowly and 40 in the water. These fins are widely used in expensive dishes, causing the 41 death of countless sharks every year. 42 , the situation is slowly changing because more and more people begin to realize that sharks only attack people 43 . Nowadays, more wildlife lovers are devoting themselves to 44 the real living conditions of sharks. As key members of marine ecosystems, sharks play an irreplaceable role. It is high time that we learned to respect and 45 these misunderstood creatures. 31．A．idea B．rule C．plan D．request 32．A．saving B．controlling C．attracting D．protecting 33．A．friendly B．cruel C．quiet D．annoyed 34．A．proud B．tired C．scared D．careful 35．A．safer B．simpler C．better D．worse 36．A．attack B．greet C．guard D．guide 37．A．sailing B．surfing C．fishing D．swimming 38．A．ignored B．judged C．considered D．doubted 39．A．close B．due C．similar D．equal 40．A．painfully B．naturally C．bravely D．secretly 41．A．unnecessary B．quick C．peaceful D．unexpected 42．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Meanwhile 43．A．by design B．by mistake C．in turn D．for fun 44．A．hiding B．changing C．understanding D．preventing 45．A．prevent B．replace C．punish D．preserve Passage 9 （26-27高一上·甘肃白银·阶段检测）It is a Friday, her day of protest (抗议). The 16-year-old Greta is standing outside the parliament (议会) building, next to a sign 46 “School strike for climate (为气候罢课)” in Swedish. This is the 26th 47 of her school strike, which has taken place every Friday. Her 48 is to bring Sweden in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement, which promises to 49 global warming to below 2℃, compared with levels before industrialization. Over the past six months, Greta has gained fame (名声) and 50 that pretty much nobody, including herself, expected. Her protest quickly caught widespread attention from the 51 . Then came a TED talk, and an invitation to 52 last December’s UN climate talks in Poland. “I’ve been the ordinary girl sitting in the back row who doesn’t say anything.” Greta says. “ 53 , now, from one day to another, people listen to me. That’s quite a 54 .” While Greta may not seem like a climate activist, it was not entirely 55 that she became one. Like many children, Greta watched 56 films about the melting (融化) Arctic and the 57 of the polar bears. But, unlike other children, she couldn’t let them go. She began thinking about it all the time, and the shocking pictures were 58 in her head. Greta began researching climate change. In order to cut CO2 emissions (排放), she 59 flying on airplanes and buying anything that is not absolutely necessary, and her parents were inspired to 60 her example, living a greener lifestyle. 46．A．reading B．informing C．writing D．leaving 47．A．chance B．year C．week D．dream 48．A．target B．approach C．behavior D．problem 49．A．hold B．cause C．count D．limit 50．A．application B．wealth C．record D．influence 51．A．school B．media C．community D．government 52．A．host B．organize C．address D．debate 53．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Thus D．However 54．A．difference B．award C．talent D．reference 55．A．possible B．typical C．accidental D．natural 56．A．funny B．inspiring C．achievable D．educational 57．A．behavior B．suffering C．habits D．words 58．A．moved B．stuck C．drawn D．taken 59．A．stopped B．risked C．started D．suggested 60．A．believe B．follow C．record D．establish Passage 10 （25-26高一下·湖南岳阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Human activities cause increasing harm to animals. When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring 61 mind. Recent research by 62 (environment) scientists, however, shows that in fact, humans are the most fearsome hunters 63 have the greatest impact on animal populations. In the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals 64 (go) extinct. Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, 65 (direct) harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations. Hunting and fishing have influenced the world’s animal populations. Some people hunt animals for food: whale meat 66 (eat) in some parts of the world. Some people hunt animals for fashion: animal skin is used to make coats and bags. Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer are tracked 67 shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. Human activities that have indirect effects on animals can be just as harmful. When we build farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere 68 (live), or no food to eat. We can also put animals in danger without ever entering their habitats. Air, water, noise and light pollution can all have a deep and 69 (damage) influence quite far from their source. Partly due to pollution 70 (cause) by ship traffic and other human activities, the dolphin population has dropped greatly. As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. $ Unit 6 At one with nature 人与自然 单元阅读精练 Glenn Albrecht is an Australian professor who studies environmental problems. He created some new words to help us rethink the relationship between humans and nature. One of his special terms is eutierria (万物共融感) . It refers to a warm and pleasant feeling of being united with the earth and all living things. This feeling appears when humans and nature support and enrich each other in a symbiotic (共生的) way. This experience does not belong to any religion, yet it is similar to the “oceanic feeling” mentioned in many traditional beliefs. When eutierria comes, the boundary between you and nature seems to disappear. You feel you become one with the whole world, filled with calm and connection. You truly understand that you depend on nature. You may have this experience when you go deep into wild nature. You use all your senses to watch, listen, smell and touch the natural world. At that moment, your busy, thinking mind slows down. You may forget about yourself and become fully lost in the natural scenery. Once a Mexican music teacher asked his students, “Can you see the past?” Then he told them to look at stars at night. The starlight reaching our eyes left those stars thousands or millions of years ago. Some stars we “see” have already died. Even moonlight takes more than one second to travel to us. This rule applies to everything we sense. For example, we see a firework first and hear its sound a little later. All signals we receive are from the past. Our brain puts these different signals together to build our idea of “the present”. This brings a paradox (悖论) : our senses connect us to all nature, yet they also make us separate individuals. We are closely linked with every living thing, which gives us the motivation to protect nature. At the same time, we need to respect that every creature has its own life and needs. We should not force our wishes onto them. This balance is a key idea in environmental philosophy. 【译文欣赏】 格伦·阿尔布雷希特是一位研究环境问题的澳大利亚教授。他创造了一些新词，帮助我们重新思考人与自然的关系。其中一个特别的术语是 eutierria（万物共融感）。它指一种温暖愉悦的感受：你与大地以及世间所有生灵融为一体。当人类和自然以共生的方式互相支撑、彼此滋养时，这种感受就会出现。 这种体验不属于任何宗教，但它和很多传统信仰里提到的“海洋感”十分相似。当万物共融感袭来，你和自然之间的边界仿佛消失了。你感觉自己和整个世界合而为一，内心平静，和万物相连。你真切意识到自己依赖自然。 当你深入荒野，或许就能拥有这种体验。你调动全部感官去观察、聆听、嗅闻、触摸自然。那一刻，你忙碌不停、持续思考的大脑慢下来。你可能忘记自我，完全沉浸在自然风光之中。 曾经有一位墨西哥音乐老师问学生：“你们能看见过去吗？”接着他让学生在夜晚仰望星辰。抵达我们眼中的星光，是成千上万甚至数百万年前从恒星发出的。有些我们“看见”的星星其实早已消亡。就连月光抵达我们眼中，也需要一秒多钟。这条规律适用于我们感知到的一切事物。举个例子：我们先看见烟花，片刻之后才听见爆炸声。我们接收的所有信号，都来自过去。大脑把这些不同信号整合在一起，构建出我们对于“当下”的认知。 这就引出一个悖论：感官把我们和整个自然相连，同时又让我们成为彼此独立的个体。我们和每一个生命紧密联结，这给予我们保护自然的动力。与此同时，我们需要尊重：每一种生物都拥有属于自己的生命与需求。我们不能把自身意愿强加给它们。这种平衡，是环境哲学里的核心思想。 【词汇积累】 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ ( 1 / 29 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.boundary n. 边界，界限 2.unite v. 联合，融为一体 3.sensation n. 感觉，感知 4.individual n./adj. 个体；单独的 5.motivation n. 动力，动机 6.philosophy n. 哲学 7.apply v. 适用；应用 8.enrich v. 使丰富，滋养 【知识拓展】 光速有限，所以人类所有视觉感知都存在延迟：我们永远无法看见“此刻”的远方。这个观点常被外刊用来讨论人与自然、自我边界，是读后续写和概要写作的优质素材。 【词汇延伸】 1.unite v. 联合 → union n. 联合；unity n. 统一性 2.motivate v. 激励 → motivation n. 动力 → motivated adj. 有动力的 3.sense n./v. 感官；感知 → sensitive adj. 敏感的 4.separate v./adj. 分离；分开的 → separation n. 分离 5.religion n. 宗教 → religious adj. 宗教的 【高考真题链接】 （2026·北京·高考真题） Smells are all around us. What we know as a scent (气味) is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. But smell is often overlooked and undervalued. So, as climate change and biodiversity loss threaten natural scents, many people may not even notice. Whether or not we pay attention to the world’s “scentscape”, heat and pollution are causing it to shift. As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles (粒子) released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer. “And therefore, the perception of how the forest smells changes.” That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. Warmer conditions can intensify smells, leading the snow to smell more unpleasant and potentially gather more pollutants. Climate change is also quickening the loss of biodiversity, threatening to erase certain smells entirely. When plants disappear, their scents become more difficult to produce. Some scents are linked to cultural heritage. A recent study reported that native communities in Peru noticed a change in the smell of the Amazon River due to industrial pollution. Over generations, communities became desensitised to increasingly smelly rivers, a sign of broader ecosystem degradation. At the same time, in some Amazonian belief systems, declining water quality and the unpleasant smells will lead to the dispersal (消散) of the river’s spiritual beings. The damage to the scentscape could result in harm to both health and spiritual practice. Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history. If we don’t look at it, we lose all the richness behind it. 1．The author mentions snow in order to _____________. A．illustrate a point B．contrast approaches C．classify objects D．define a concept 2．What can we learn from this passage? A．Biodiversity tends to be overlooked. B．Snow is intensified by a warming climate. C．Forest smell is likely to be changed by perception. D．Disappearance of the Earth’s smells can be a cultural loss. 3．What is implied in this passage? A．Loss of smells can lead to natural disasters. B．Damages of scentscapes can be artificially repaired. C．Scents of the missing plants are preserved in the atmosphere. D．Smell changes of forest and snow share a common underlying cause. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文主要介绍气候变化与生物多样性减少正在改变地球上的自然气味，甚至导致其消失，这种气味景观的改变不仅影响自然环境，还会造成文化、精神层面的损失。 【解析】 1．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“That effect extends beyond forests. Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(这种影响不仅限于森林。积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可知，作者在论述完气温对森林气味的影响后，提到积雪是为了进一步证明“气温变化会改变气味”这一观点。 2．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history.(尽管气候变化危及粮食获取等其他珍贵资源，但它同样关乎文化认同、文化存续与历史传承。)”并结合前文自然气味消失的内容可知，地球自然气味的消失也是一种文化损失。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules (分子), and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment.(随着气温升高，人造物质释放出更多的气味分子，而由气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失则威胁着那些为环境增添香气的植物。)”以及第三段中的“Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.(积雪——已受到气候变暖的威胁——随着气温升高会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。)”可推知，森林气味和积雪气味发生改变的根本原因都是气候变暖、气温升高，二者成因一致。 ( 句 1 　What we know as a scent is a collection of natural or artificial airborne chemicals released from objects. 结构 ：What we know as a scent 为主语从句，what 作 know 的宾语；released from objects 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 chemicals。 译文 ：我们所称的气味，是物体释放到空气中的天然或人造化学物质的总和。 考点 ：what 引导主语从句时不可换成 that；airborne（空气传播的）是合成形容词，注意 -borne 构词，如 waterborne 水传播的。 句 2 　As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules, and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment. 结构 ：As temperatures rise 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；and 连接两个并列分句；due to climate change 为介词短语作后置定语修饰 loss；that scent the environment 为定语从句修饰 plants，此处 scent 为动词。 译文 ：随着气温升高，人造物质会释放出更多气味分子；而气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失，也威胁着那些为环境提供气味的植物。 句 3 　Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent. 结构 ：两个破折号之间为插入语，是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 snow；as temperatures rise 为时间状语从句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整件事。 译文 ：积雪本就受到气候变暖的威胁，随着气温升高，它还会从大气中吸收不同的化学物质，从而改变其清冷洁净的气味。 ) ( 1.scent n. / v. 气味；使……有气味 2.overlook v. 忽视，未注意到 3.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 4.shift v. / n. 转变，移动 5.perception n. 感知，认知 6.intensify v. 增强，加剧 7.absorb v. 吸收；使专心 8.desensitised adj. 变得不敏感的，麻木的 9.degradation n. 退化，恶化 10.dispersal n. 消散，驱散，散布 ) 【综合实战演练】 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 302 维吾尔族传统水利工程坎儿井的构造、管护规则与节水优势 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 308 摄影师乔尔·萨特雷的“影像方舟”项目，通过拍摄濒危动物唤起人们对其生存状况的关注 Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 310 与自然接触，尤其是室内绿植对人们身心健康有益 Passage4 阅读理解 记叙文 279 Rohan Sharma将废弃塑料转化为新型环保建材PlastRock Passage5 阅读理解 说明文 326 塑料制品的广泛应用及其带来的严重污染问题 Passage6 阅读理解七选五 说明文 277 “绿色处方”的重大项目帮助英格兰的人们与自然建立联系 Passage7 阅读理解七选五 说明文 273 亲近水域的好处及体验方式 Passage8 完形填空 说明文 276 鲨鱼遭滥捕现状并呼吁人们保护鲨鱼 Passage9 完形填空 记叙文 275 环保少女格蕾塔发起气候罢课并推动绿色生活 Passage10 语法填空 议论文 250 人类活动对动物种群造成了巨大危害 Passage 1 （25-26高一下·吉林四平·阶段检测）The Uyghur people (维吾尔族人) have lived in harmony with nature for over 2,000 years. Their secret? It’s a traditional water management system called “karez”, which turns dry mountains into farming lands. The karez system is made of three parts: underground channels, wells, and open ditches. Mountain streams are guided into underground channels to avoid evaporation (蒸发). The wells, spaced every 20 — 30 meters, allow people to clean the channels. Finally, water flows into open ditches that water the fields. What’s amazing is how the Uyghur people have protected this system. They have rules: no cutting trees near the water sources, no building houses over the channels, and no wasting water. “Our ancestors taught us that water is life,” says a 78-year-old village elder. “If we protect water, water will protect us.” This ancient wisdom is now inspiring modern environmentalists. A team of engineers led by Professor Li Zhicheng studied the karez system and found it uses 30% less water than modern irrigation (灌溉) methods. “The Uyghur people’s way shows that working with nature, not against it, is the key to sustainability,” said Professor Li Zhicheng. However, the karez system faces challenges. Young people are moving to cities, leaving fewer people to maintain it. To solve this, villages have started teaching children about the system in schools. A 12-year-old child Guli spends weekends helping her grandfather clean the wells. “I want to learn how our ancestors lived with nature,” she says. “Maybe one day, I can help protect this system.” The Uyghur people’s relationship with nature offers a valuable lesson: Humans are not masters of nature, but part of it. As the world faces climate change, the karez system reminds us that traditional knowledge might hold the solutions we need. 1．What is the function of the wells in the karez system? A．They are used to collect rainwater. B．They allow people to clean the channel. C．They help control the water temperature. D．They are designed to store drinking water. 2．Why do the Uyghur people avoid building houses over the channels? A．To make cleaning easier. B．To keep the water flowing fast. C．To reduce construction costs. D．To protect the karez system. 3．What can we learn about Professor Li Zhicheng’s opinion on the karez system? A．He considers it outdated. B．He doubts its effectiveness. C．He believes it has environmental value. D．He thinks it needs modern improvements. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Uyghur People’s Water Wisdom B．Protecting Mountain Streams C．Ancient Irrigation Methods D．Traditional vs Modern Systems 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了维吾尔族传统水利工程坎儿井的构造、管护规则与节水优势，它蕴含着顺应自然的古老智慧，如今也面临传承难题。 【解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The wells, spaced every 20 — 30 meters, allow people to clean the channels.(这些井每隔20至30米设置一口，方便人们清理水道。)”可知，坎儿井中的井的作用是供人们清理水道。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“They have rules: no cutting trees near the water sources, no building houses over the channels, and no wasting water.(他们制定了规矩：禁止在水源附近砍树、禁止在水道上方建房、禁止浪费水资源。)”以及本段首句“What’s amazing is how the Uyghur people have protected this system.(令人赞叹的是维吾尔族民众一直守护着这套水利系统。)”可知，不在水道上方建房是为了保护坎儿井系统。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“A team of engineers led by Professor Li Zhicheng studied the karez system and found it uses 30% less water than modern irrigation (灌溉) methods. “The Uyghur people’s way shows that working with nature, not against it, is the key to sustainability,” said Professor Li Zhicheng.(李志诚教授带领一组工程师对坎儿井系统展开研究，发现其用水量比现代灌溉方式少三成。李志诚教授表示：“维吾尔族民众的智慧印证了，顺应自然而非违背自然，才是实现可持续发展的关键。”)”可知，他认为坎儿井具备很高的环保价值。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Uyghur people (维吾尔族人) have lived in harmony with nature for over 2,000 years. Their secret? It’s a traditional water management system called “karez”, which turns dry mountains into farming lands.(两千多年来，维吾尔族人民一直与自然和谐共处。其中的奥秘，便是一套名为坎儿井的传统水利系统，它让荒芜的山地变成了良田。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍维吾尔族利用坎儿井治水的古老智慧，所以A项“Uyghur People’s Water Wisdom(维吾尔族人民的治水智慧)”为最佳标题。 Passage 2 （25-26高一上·天津·阶段检测）How much do you love animals? Maybe not as much as photographer Joel Sartore. He is traveling the world to take pictures of as many animals as he can find, which allows people to focus on the beauty and uniqueness of each animal. Sartore is working on a project to take photos of all 20,000 different types of animals living in the world’s zoos, aquariums (水族馆) and wildlife shelters. And he has already taken nearly 15,000! The purpose of his photo project is to remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered (濒危的) animals are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone. “My job is to tell their stories and hope that the world cares in time,” he told The Weather Channel in 2023. Sartore calls his project the Photo Ark, like the story of Noah’s Ark, in which a large boat is built to save every type of animal in the world from a flood. He founded the Photo Ark in2016 in his hometown of Lincoln, Nebraska. He doesn’t just take his animal photos in the usual zoo environment, however. He puts each animal on a black or white background with studio lights. This helps him photograph their true colors, and lets people see a little mouse as clearly as a big elephant and look each animal right in the eye. “When people connect to animals through eye contact, we have got a real chance at changing human behavior,” Sartore says. The project has been well received (反响好的). Sartore has more than 1.6 million followers online and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. He asks people to buy his books and photos, give money to the Photo Ark, and support zoos, aquariums and wildlife shelters near where they live. 5．What is the purpose of Sartore’s photo project? __________ A．To help sell his photos. B．To help save animals in danger. C．To meet his own interest in animals. D．To offer some food to animals. 6．What can be known about Sartore’s photos of the animals in Paragraph 4? __________ A．They are colorful. B．They are about animals that are cute. C．They are taken in a natural environment. D．They are taken in a black or white background with lights. 7．What is people’s attitude towards Sartore’s project? __________ A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Negative. 8．What would be the best title for the passage? __________ A．The profile (简介) of a Traveling photographer. B．The Special Technique (技术) of Animal Studio Photography. C．Saving Endangered animals with a photo project. D．Noah’s Ark (诺亚方舟): From Ancient Story to Modern Time. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍摄影师乔尔·萨特雷的“影像方舟”项目，通过拍摄濒危动物唤起人们对其生存状况的关注。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The purpose of his photo project is to remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered (濒危的) animals are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone. (他这个摄影项目的目的是提醒人们这些地球上最濒危动物的生存状况，并且能在它们消失之前将其记录下来。)”可知，萨特雷摄影项目的目的是助力拯救濒危动物。故选B项。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He doesn’t just take his animal photos in the usual zoo environment, however. He puts each animal on a black or white background with studio lights.(然而，他不只是在常见的动物园环境里拍摄动物。他会将每只动物置于配有摄影棚灯光的黑色或白色背景前进行拍摄。)”可知，他拍摄的动物照片是以黑白色为背景且配有灯光。故选D项。 7．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The project has been well received (反响好的) . Sartore has more than 1. 6 million followers online and a best-selling series of Photo Ark books. (这个项目反响很好。萨特雷在网上拥有超过160万粉丝，还有一系列畅销的《影像方舟》书籍。)”可知，人们对这个项目的态度是支持的。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Sartore is working on a project to take photos of all 20,000 different types of animals living in the world’s zoos, aquariums (水族馆) and wildlife shelters. And he has already taken nearly 15,000! The purpose of his photo project is to remind people of the situation these planet’s most endangered (濒危的) animals are in, and that he can record them before they’re gone.(萨特正在开展一个拍摄项目，目标是为世界各地动物园、水族馆和野生动物收容所里的所有20000种不同动物拍照。目前他已经拍摄了近15000张照片！这个摄影项目的目的是提醒人们关注地球上这些极度濒危动物的生存状况，并在它们消失之前将其记录下来。)”可知，文章核心是介绍萨特雷用摄影项目拯救濒危动物的事迹，因此“用摄影项目拯救濒危动物”概括了文章的主题，最适合作为标题。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）I was on the phone with a friend the other day, and because I can’t sit still, I started to clean my plant with wet wipes. It was nice, I thought, gently attending to the plant while I chatted away in my living room. As the sun bathed each shining leaf, I grew more peaceful. Connecting yourself with nature is good for you. Being outdoors has been shown to improve your mood, concentration and mental health. But indoor green spaces, even small ones, have benefits for our physical and mental well-being, too. Viewing nature indoors, scientific research suggested, can lower your heart rate and blood pressure. The presence of plants in a hospital room has been shown to reduce pain and anxiety in patients. Touching soil, even if it’s in pots on your windowsill (窗台), may improve your physical health as well by making your immune system stronger. “So get your hands dirty. Don’t see plants as something to look at, but not touch,” said Dr. Willis, a professor of biodiversity of Oxford. When taking care of plants, we can also regard it as an opportunity to check in with ourselves: Am I getting enough water? Have I gotten enough sunlight today, too? Or we can use the time to pick up the phone and connect with someone. “I’ve had some of my best conversations with friends as I’ve been watering my plants.” Dr. Willis said. That feeling of satisfaction will bring mental benefit on a regular basis. Moreover, your workspace doesn’t have to be a wasteland. “If you have an office that gets some light, consider bringing in something green,” Dr. Willis said. “The presence of plants in a workspace has been shown to make workers happier and more productive.” But if you’re a beginner, there are some of the best houseplants you can choose from. 9．How does the author find cleaning the plant when chatting on a phone? A．Addictive. B．Breathtaking. C．Comforting. D．Tense. 10．What can indoor plants bring in terms of health? A．Reduced blood pressure. B．Deep self-reflection. C．Sharp mind. D．Festive mood. 11．What might the author continue talking about? A．The tips for increasing worker productivity. B．The recommendations for easy-care houseplants. C．The measures taken to improve office atmosphere. D．The ways to strike up a conversation with workmates. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Touching Soil Can Make You Trouble-free. B．Houseplants Can Make You Healthier. C．From Wasteland to Wonderland. D．From Hospital to Garden. 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．B 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述了与自然接触，尤其是室内绿植对人们身心健康有益，包括能改善情绪、降低心率和血压、增强免疫系统等，还提到照顾植物可成为自我审视及与他人交流的契机，最后指出工作空间也可引入绿植，文末暗示将介绍适合新手的室内植物。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段“As the sun bathed each shining leaf, I grew more peaceful.(当阳光沐浴着每一片闪亮的叶子时，我变得更加平静)”可知，作者在打电话聊天时清理植物，感觉很舒适、惬意。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Viewing nature indoors, scientific research suggested, can lower your heart rate and blood pressure.(科学研究表明，在室内观赏自然景观可以降低心率和血压)”可知，室内植物在健康方面能降低血压。故选A项。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But if you’re a beginner, there are some of the best houseplants you can choose from.(但如果你是新手，有一些最好的室内植物可供你选择)”可推断，作者接下来可能会谈论适合新手、易于照料的室内植物的推荐。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。主要阐述了与自然接触，尤其是室内绿植对人们身心健康有益，包括能改善情绪、降低心率和血压、增强免疫系统等，还提到照顾植物可成为自我审视及与他人交流的契机，最后指出工作空间也可引入绿植，文末暗示将介绍适合新手的室内植物。B选项“室内植物能让你更健康”为最佳标题。故选B项。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·河北沧州·期末）In a workshop, Rohan Sharma faced mountains of plastic. To most, it was worthless waste. But Rohan saw a different truth. In each piece, he saw a misplaced resource (资源) waiting for a second chance. For three years, Rohan stuck to his opinion, tirelessly experimenting in a cloud of plastic dust. The journey was lonely, but the belief that problem had its own solution kept him moving. The finding was simple. Rohan discovered that by cutting the plastic into fine pieces and mixing them with natural materials, he could create a slab (厚片) . It was cool to touch and surprisingly strong. He called it “PlastRock”. Unlike the heavy bricks commonly used, PlastRock was remarkably light. Most importantly, every slab had a meal of plastic waste. A local school offered a real-world test — a small storage room. The rainy season arrived with its full power, hitting the structure for weeks. The PlastRock walls stood dry while nearby traditional walls showed signs of decay (腐烂) . Orders began to flow. Rohan’s small workshop developed into a proper startup. He hired from the community of former waste pickers, individuals who knew the plastic landscape. He was not just building a business, but also solving an environmental problem. Standing beside a wall of PlastRock, Rohan said, “People see the end of plastic’s life. I see the beginning of a wall. PlastRock is a simple idea: that nothing is truly without value and that our biggest challenges often hide the very materials we need to overcome them.” His story became a test of the power of looking at the familiar with different eyes. 13．How did Rohan Sharma see plastic waste? A．He thought it should be buried. B．He believed it was easy to deal with. C．He viewed it as something of great value. D．He treated it as something without any use. 14．What is a big strength of PlastRock compared with traditional bricks? A．It is more attractive. B．It can stay dry in heavy rain. C．It is more colorful and softer. D．It takes longer time to clean. 15．What social effect does Rohan Sharma’s research bring? A．It attracts interest from architects. B．It causes people to use less plastic. C．It greatly promotes local construction businesses. D．It provides former waste pickers with new chances. 16．What is the best title for the text? A．The Man Inventing a New Brick B．The Man Concentrating on Plastic C．The Man Building a Business on Waste D．The Man Turning Plastic into Green Gold 【答案】13．C 14．B 15．D 16．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Rohan Sharma将废弃塑料转化为新型环保建材PlastRock的故事，展现了他变废为宝的创新理念，以及这项发明带来的环境效益与社会价值。 【解析】 13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In each piece, he saw a misplaced resource waiting for a second chance.(在每一块塑料中，他都看到了一种被放错地方的资源，正等待第二次机会。)”可知，Rohan Sharma将塑料垃圾视为很有价值的东西。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The rainy season arrived with its full power, hitting the structure for weeks. The PlastRock walls stood dry while nearby traditional walls showed signs of decay.(雨季全力来袭，这个建筑经受了数周的考验。PlastRock墙体保持干燥，而附近的传统墙体却出现了腐烂迹象。)”可知，与传统砖块相比，PlastRock的一大优势是在大雨中能保持干燥。故选B。 15．细节理解题。根据第三段中“He hired from the community of former waste pickers, individuals who knew the plastic landscape.(他雇佣的员工来自以前的拾荒者群体，这些人熟悉塑料行业。)”可知，Rohan Sharma的研究为以前的拾荒者提供了新的机会。故选D。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章核心是Rohan Sharma将废弃塑料变成了有价值、环保的建材，实现了变废为宝。选项D“把塑料变成绿色黄金的人”符合主题，适合用作标题。故选D。 Passage 5 （25-26高一上·四川内江·阶段检测）Plastics (塑料) are amazing materials which are widely used in our daily lives. Besides, they’re often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date. That’s about 1,400 times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Some of that plastic is still in use. But about 5.8 billion metric tons have been thrown away. All that plastic waste is an environmental threat. Only about 9 percent of plastic waste has been recycled. Another 12 percent has been burned. The remaining 79 percent ended up in landfills or in nature, which, like the Lego block, takes a long time to decompose (降解). Plastic litters the world from the highest mountaintop to the deepest seafloor. Many animals might regard this rubbish as food. If they get full, these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer. Plastic rubbish in the oceans also leaves birds, turtles and other wildlife in a jam. Big pieces of plastic aren’t the only problem. Abandoned plastic can break into tiny bits called microplastics. Winds blow these bits far and wide. Ocean waves can spread them through the sea. They build up inside animals and also get into our food and drinking water. Each American is likely to consume (摄入/吞食) more than 70,000 microplastic pieces per year. Right now, no one knows what risk that might bring. Scientists have some ideas about how to clean up this mess. The Ocean Cleanup is developing cleanup systems to fish out plastic pieces from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. And new technology could help microplastics decompose in the environment. But as far as I know, many of these plans are still far from effective (有效的) so far. The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic — and then throwing it out — in the first place. 17．What does the Lego block show about plastic waste? A．It is hard to break down. B．Little of it has been burned. C．It is easy to be recycled. D．Most of it ends up in landfills. 18．How might the plastic rubbish influence animals? A．By making them suffer from hunger. B．By reducing their food. C．By piling up in their homes. D．By changing the environment. 19．What is the author’s attitude to the present methods of cleaning plastic waste? A．Objective(客观的). B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. 20．Why does the author write the text? A．To criticize plastic production. B．To suggest ways to deal with environmental issues. C．To call on people to protect the environment. D．To introduce the present(目前的) situation of plastic pollution. 【答案】17．A 18．A 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料制品的广泛应用及其带来的严重污染问题，指出大部分塑料垃圾难以分解，危害动植物和人类健康。 【解析】 17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“The remaining 79 percent ended up in landfills or in nature, which, like the Lego block, takes a long time to decompose.(剩下的79%最终被填埋或进入大自然，就像乐高积木一样，需要很长时间才能分解。)”可知，句中将塑料垃圾与乐高积木作类比，其共同属性是需要很长时间降解。由此可推断，乐高积木的例子是为了说明塑料垃圾难以分解。故选A项。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Many animals might regard this rubbish as food. If they get full, these animals may forget to eat real food and suffer.(许多动物可能把这些垃圾当作食物。如果它们吃饱了，这些动物可能会忘记吃真正的食物而受苦。)”可知，许多动物把塑料垃圾当作食物，如果它们吃撑了，就可能会忘记吃真正的食物，从而遭受饥饿之苦。故选A项。 19．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“But as far as I know, many of these plans are still far from effective so far.(但据我所知，到目前为止，这些计划中的许多还远未生效。)”可知，“远未生效”是明确的负面评价。由此可推知作者对当前的塑料垃圾清理方法持怀疑态度，故选C项。 20．推理判断题。通读文章内容，结合第一段关键语句“Plastics are amazing materials which are widely used in our daily lives. Besides, they’re often cheap to make. About 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic have been produced to date.(塑料是一种神奇的材料，广泛应用于我们的日常生活中。此外，它们的制造成本通常很低。迄今为止，已经生产了大约83亿吨塑料。)”，第二段“All that plastic waste is an environmental threat.(所有这些塑料垃圾都是对环境的威胁。)”以及最后一段“But as far as I know, many of these plans are still far from effective so far. The best way to help Earth right now is to stop buying so much plastic — and then throwing it out — in the first place.(但据我所知，到目前为止，这些计划中的许多还远未奏效。现在帮助地球的最好方法是首先停止购买这么多塑料，然后扔掉。)”可知，全文围绕塑料污染的现状展开，包括产量、处理方式、危害及应对方案，由此推知，其核心目的是介绍塑料污染的整体情况。故选D项。 Passage 6 （24-25高一下·江苏盐城·阶段检测）A major project called green-prescription (处方) helping people in England connect with nature was launched. More than 8,000 people took part in such activities in the project including community gardening, tree planting and wild swimming. 21 The result can show it. After taking part in the project, people’s feelings of happiness and of life being worthwhile jumped to near national averages while levels of anxiety fell significantly. 22 The traditional treatments took up to 1,000 pounds for 10 sessions nearly twice of it. “Green social prescribing” is an effective way of supporting people with mental health. But the project is just in its early stage. 23 It is expected to get a new round of funding from authority to work on expanding its reach because there is an awful lot of demand, both from health services and from a lot of people whose needs are not being met. Connecting with nature is a lifelong resource with proven benefits for mental and physical health. It can cut through generations of pitiable life events. But now many of the patients can’t access nature in this way due to a range of personal, social, and cultural factors. 24 This project has the possibility to reduce the prescribing and treatment costs, as well as addressing many health needs and lowering the risk of several diseases, from diabetes (糖尿病) to depression. So, the project tries its best to help more people. 25 It has sites in Humberside, South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Manchester, Surrey and the west country. 21% of the people who receive green prescribing are populations from remote areas and 57% from underdeveloped areas. A．Most of them with mental ill health have benefited from it. B．The participants were checked before and after the project. C．The project also found a green prescription was cost-effective. D．The people in need are recommended to the project. E．Its further growth requires the help of the government system. F．That’s why green social prescribing is so important. G．The project has reached a broad range of people now. 【答案】21．A 22．C 23．E 24．F 25．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“绿色处方”的重大项目，该项目旨在帮助英格兰的人们与自然建立联系，并详细说明了项目的实施情况、效果、成本效益以及未来的发展前景。 【解析】 21．上文“A major project called green-prescription (处方) helping people in England connect with nature was launched. More than 8,000 people took part in such activities in the project including community gardening, tree planting and wild swimming.(英国启动了一项名为“绿色处方”的重大项目，旨在帮助人们与自然建立联系。超过8000人参与了该项目的社区园艺、植树和野外游泳等活动。)”提到超8000人参与“绿色处方”项目。选项A“Most of them with mental ill health have benefited from it.(大部分有心理健康问题的人已从中受益。)”承接参与人数，引出后文效果，逻辑连贯。故选A。 22．下文“The traditional treatments took up to 1,000 pounds for 10 sessions nearly twice of it. (传统治疗10个疗程花费高达1000英镑，几乎是其两倍。)”对比传统治疗费用和绿色处方的性价比。选项C“The project also found a green prescription was cost-effective.(项目还发现“绿色处方”具有成本效益。)”直接对应费用对比，且“also”衔接前文的健康效果。故选C。 23．下文“It is expected to get a new round of funding from authority to work on expanding its reach because there is an awful lot of demand, both from health services and from a lot of people whose needs are not being met.(由于医疗服务和许多需求未得到满足的人群都有巨大需求，该项目有望获得当局新一轮资金以扩大覆盖范围。)”提到期待获得政府新一轮资金。选项E“Its further growth requires the help of the government system.(其进一步发展需要政府体系的帮助。)”进一步发展需要政府体系支持与“funding”形成原词呼应，符合语境。故选E。 24．空前“But now many of the patients can’t access nature in this way due to a range of personal, social, and cultural factors.(但如今，由于一系列个人、社会和文化因素，许多患者无法以这种方式接触自然。)”指出患者因各种因素无法接触自然。选项F“That’s why green social prescribing is so important.(这就是绿色社会处方如此重要的原因。)”总结前文问题，引出后文项目的益处。故选F。 25．下文“It has sites in Humberside, South Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Manchester, Surrey and the west country. 21% of the people who receive green prescribing are populations from remote areas and 57% from underdeveloped areas.(其在亨伯赛德、南约克郡、德比郡、诺丁汉郡、曼彻斯特、萨里和西部地区均设有站点。接受“绿色处方”的人群中，21%来自偏远地区，57%来自欠发达地区。)”列举项目覆盖地区及人群。选项G“The project has reached a broad range of people now.(目前该项目已惠及广泛人群。)”作为段首句自然引出下文内容，与本段内容相符。故选G。 Passage 7 （25-26高一下·浙江·期中）World Water Day on 22 March is a reminder of the importance of water for people and the planet. 26 Whether you’re splashing in a pool or walking by a river, water connects your senses. At the beach, you can see the waves rolling in, hear them crashing, smell and taste the salty air and feel the cool water on your feet. 27 This can refer to the sea, canals, lakes, rivers and fountains — anywhere that people can enjoy water. Scientists think blue spaces help you relax because, over time, lots of humans have lived near water, so it feels safe and familiar. Researcher Kate Campbell studies blue spaces and says they have the power to “relax our bodies and tell our minds to switch off”. Even just looking at water can help you feel focused. A study in 2022 found that it made volunteers feel relaxed and slowed their heart rate. 28 Studies show that people often feel happier when they live close to the coast. Water has also been shown to boost creativity, which is why you might get good ideas in the shower or bath. 29 Author Catherine Kelly says relaxing in the bath is good too, or feeling rain on your skin. If you don’t like getting wet, sit indoors by the window and watch raindrops race to the bottom. At the beach you can go for a swim if an adult says it’s safe to do so, or sit on the shore and watch the horizon. 30 Kelly says you can think, “Here I am, this small thing. So my problems are not that big after all.” A．But did you know it keeps your mind healthy too? B．Water is important for agriculture and industry worldwide. C．Watching waves calms mind and rushing water aids sleep. D．Breathing sea air can also be good for your physical health. E．You don’t need to live by the sea to feel connected to water. F．This peaceful feeling near water actually has a name: blue space. G．Seeing a huge blue space has been shown to help you let go of things. 【答案】26．A 27．F 28．C 29．E 30．G 【导语】文章主要介绍了亲近水域有助于放松身心、舒缓情绪、提升专注力与创造力，并列举了多种普通人亲近水、获得心灵平静的方式。 【解析】 26．根据前文“World Water Day on 22 March is a reminder of the importance of water for people and the planet.(3月22日的世界水日提醒着人们水对人类和地球的重要性。)”及后文“Whether you’re splashing in a pool or walking by a river, water connects your senses.(无论你是在泳池里戏水，还是在河边漫步，水都能牵动你的各种感官。)”开始讲述水对感官、心理和精神层面的益处，可知，空处需承上启下、引出水对心灵健康的作用；选项A“But did you know it keeps your mind healthy too?(但你知道它也能保持你的心理健康吗？)” 契合上下文逻辑。 27．根据后文“This can refer to the sea, canals, lakes, rivers and fountains — anywhere that people can enjoy water.(这可以指海洋、运河、湖泊、河流和喷泉 —— 凡是人们可以享受水的地方。)” 可知后文对某个专有名词进行解释，空处应先引出该名词；选项F“This peaceful feeling near water actually has a name: blue space.(在水边的这种平静感受其实有一个名字：蓝色空间。)” 引出blue space，与后文解释衔接紧密。 28．根据前文“A study in 2022 found that it made volunteers feel relaxed and slowed their heart rate.(2022年的一项研究发现，水能让志愿者感到放松，并减缓心率。)”提到了水对身心的舒缓作用；选项C“Watching waves calms mind and rushing water aids sleep.(观赏海浪能平复心绪，流动的水流有助于睡眠。)” 延续了水带来放松、舒缓身心的话题，衔接自然。 29．根据后文“Author Catherine Kelly says relaxing in the bath is good too, or feeling rain on your skin.(作家Catherine Kelly说，在浴缸里放松也很好，感受雨水落在皮肤上同样有益。)”可知后文介绍不必住在海边也能亲近水的多种方式；空处作为段首句总领下文，选项E“You don’t need to live by the sea to feel connected to water.(你不必住在海边也能感受与水的联结。)” 可引领整段内容。 30．根据前文“At the beach you can go for a swim if an adult says it’s safe to do so, or sit on the shore and watch the horizon.(在海边，如果大人确认安全，你可以去游泳，也可以坐在岸边眺望地平线。)”及后文“Kelly says you can think, “Here I am, this small thing. So my problems are not that big after all.”(Kelly说，你可以这样想：我只是世间渺小的一员，原来我的烦恼根本没那么大。)”说明置身广阔水边能看淡烦恼、放宽心态；选项G“Seeing a huge blue space has been shown to help you let go of things.(目睹广阔的蓝色空间已被证实能帮你放下心事。)” 衔接前后语境，引出下文心灵感悟。 Passage 8 （25-26高一下·宁夏石嘴山·期中）A dark ocean at night hides hidden dangers. A lonely swimmer is suddenly pulled down into the water. Such scary scenes from a famous movie have strengthened people’s long-held 31 of sharks as a dangerous animal. The film Jaws, produced in 1975, describes a fierce white shark that repeatedly hurts and harms ordinary swimmers. The movie achieved huge success overnight, 32 millions of viewers worldwide. It also deepened the public’s fixed view that sharks are dangerous and 33 natural killers. In fact, humans have always felt 34 of large sea creatures. However, this popular film made public worries much 35 . Many viewers believed sharks actively 36 human beings on purpose. Some local people gave up 37 in coastal waters, while others began to hunt sharks crazily. At that time, few people 38 the possible result of killing large numbers of sharks. As time went by, shark populations dropped sharply across the globe. The sharp decline was partly 39 to public fear, and mainly to a cruel business called finning. Fishermen catch sharks, cut off their fins and throw the injured animals back to the ocean. Without fins, sharks will die slowly and 40 in the water. These fins are widely used in expensive dishes, causing the 41 death of countless sharks every year. 42 , the situation is slowly changing because more and more people begin to realize that sharks only attack people 43 . Nowadays, more wildlife lovers are devoting themselves to 44 the real living conditions of sharks. As key members of marine ecosystems, sharks play an irreplaceable role. It is high time that we learned to respect and 45 these misunderstood creatures. 31．A．idea B．rule C．plan D．request 32．A．saving B．controlling C．attracting D．protecting 33．A．friendly B．cruel C．quiet D．annoyed 34．A．proud B．tired C．scared D．careful 35．A．safer B．simpler C．better D．worse 36．A．attack B．greet C．guard D．guide 37．A．sailing B．surfing C．fishing D．swimming 38．A．ignored B．judged C．considered D．doubted 39．A．close B．due C．similar D．equal 40．A．painfully B．naturally C．bravely D．secretly 41．A．unnecessary B．quick C．peaceful D．unexpected 42．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Meanwhile 43．A．by design B．by mistake C．in turn D．for fun 44．A．hiding B．changing C．understanding D．preventing 45．A．prevent B．replace C．punish D．preserve 【答案】 31．A 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．D 38．C 39．B 40．A 41．A 42．B 43．B 44．C 45．D 【导语】主要讲述电影加深人们对鲨鱼的恐惧，介绍鲨鱼遭滥捕现状并呼吁人们保护鲨鱼。 【解析】 31．考查名词。句意：这部经典影片里惊悚的画面加深了人们长久以来认为鲨鱼是危险动物的看法。A. idea看法；B. rule规则；C. plan计划；D. request要求。根据后文“deepened the public’s fixed view”可知，此处指人们固有的想法看法。 32．考查现在分词。句意：这部影片一夜爆红，吸引了全球数百万观众。A. saving拯救；B. controlling控制；C. attracting吸引；D. protecting保护。根据前文“The movie achieved huge success overnight”可知，电影大获成功，能够吸引大量观众观看。 33．考查形容词。句意：它也加深了大众的固有观念，认为鲨鱼十分危险，是凶残的天生捕猎者。A. friendly友好的；B. cruel凶残的；C. quiet安静的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据前文“a fierce white shark that repeatedly hurts and harms ordinary swimmers”可知，影片里的鲨鱼性情凶狠残暴。 34．考查形容词。句意：事实上，人类向来都惧怕大型海洋生物。A. proud骄傲的；B. tired疲惫的；C. scared害怕的；D. careful细心的。根据后文“public worries”可知，人们内心对大型海洋生物心存畏惧。 35．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，这部热门电影使得公众的担忧变得更加严重。A. safer更安全的；B. simpler更简单的；C. better更好的；D. worse更严重的。根据前文“humans have always felt _____ of large sea creatures”可知，人类本就惧怕大型海洋生物，这部电影让这份担忧变得愈发严重。 36．考查动词。句意：许多观众认为鲨鱼会故意主动攻击人类。A. attack攻击；B. greet问候；C. guard守卫；D. guide引导。根据前文“describes a fierce white shark that repeatedly hurts and harms ordinary swimmers”可知，影片刻画鲨鱼伤人画面，让观众认为鲨鱼会主动袭击人类。 37．考查动名词。句意：一些当地人放弃了在近海水域游泳，还有一些人开始疯狂猎杀鲨鱼。A. sailing航行；B. surfing冲浪；C. fishing钓鱼；D. swimming游泳。根据文章开头“A lonely swimmer is suddenly pulled down into the water”可知，影片场景围绕游泳者遇险展开，人们因此不敢下水游泳。 38．考查动词。句意：在那个时候，几乎没有人考虑过大量捕杀鲨鱼可能带来的后果。A. ignored忽视；B. judged评判；C. considered考虑；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“shark populations dropped sharply across the globe”可知，鲨鱼数量锐减，说明当时人们没有思索捕杀行为带来的不良后果。 39．考查形容词。句意：鲨鱼数量的急剧减少一部分是由于公众的恐惧，主要则是源于残忍的割鱼鳍这一产业。A. close接近的；B. due由于；C. similar相似的；D. equal平等的。根据前文“The sharp decline”以及后文“public fear, and mainly to a cruel business called finning”可知，此处是在点明鲨鱼数量下降的各类原因，be due to为固定搭配，意为“归因于”。 40．考查副词。句意：没有了鱼鳍，鲨鱼将会在水中缓慢且痛苦地死去。A. painfully痛苦地；B. naturally自然地；C. bravely勇敢地；D. secretly秘密地。根据前文“cut off their fins and throw the injured animals back to the ocean”可知，鲨鱼身受重伤被丢弃，死亡的过程十分痛苦。 41．考查形容词。句意：这些鱼鳍被广泛用于名贵菜品中，每年都造成无数鲨鱼无谓的死亡。A. unnecessary无谓的；B. quick迅速的；C. peaceful平和的；D. unexpected意外的。根据前文“Fishermen catch sharks, cut off their fins”可知，人们只为获取鱼鳍牟利猎杀鲨鱼，这类死亡本不该发生，属于毫无必要的死亡。 42．考查连词。句意：然而，情况正在慢慢发生改变，因为越来越多的人开始意识到，鲨鱼袭击人类纯属误会。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前文“These fins are widely used in expensive dishes, causing the ______ death of countless sharks every year.”可知，此处介绍了鲨鱼惨遭捕杀的糟糕现状，结合后文“the situation is slowly changing because more and more people begin to realize that sharks only attack people ______ .”可知，当前情况好转，前后形成转折关系。 43．考查介词短语。句意：然而，情况正在慢慢发生改变，因为越来越多的人开始意识到，鲨鱼袭击人类纯属误会。A. by design故意地；B. by mistake无意地；C. in turn依次；D. for fun取乐。根据前文“Many viewers believed sharks actively ______ human beings on purpose”可知，以往人们认为鲨鱼故意攻击人类，如今认知改变，明白鲨鱼伤人并非有意。 44．考查动名词。句意：如今更多野生动物爱好者致力于了解鲨鱼真实的生存状况。A. hiding隐藏；B. changing改变；C. understanding了解；D. preventing阻止。根据后文“As key members of marine ecosystems, sharks play an irreplaceable role”可知，人们开始知晓鲨鱼的生态价值，主动去认清它真实的生存处境。 45．考查动词。句意：是时候让我们学会尊重并保护这些被误解的生物了。A. prevent阻止；B. replace取代；C. punish惩罚；D. preserve保护。根据前文“sharks play an irreplaceable role”可知，鲨鱼在海洋生态中作用重大，我们应当主动保护它们。 Passage 9 （26-27高一上·甘肃白银·阶段检测）It is a Friday, her day of protest (抗议). The 16-year-old Greta is standing outside the parliament (议会) building, next to a sign 46 “School strike for climate (为气候罢课)” in Swedish. This is the 26th 47 of her school strike, which has taken place every Friday. Her 48 is to bring Sweden in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement, which promises to 49 global warming to below 2℃, compared with levels before industrialization. Over the past six months, Greta has gained fame (名声) and 50 that pretty much nobody, including herself, expected. Her protest quickly caught widespread attention from the 51 . Then came a TED talk, and an invitation to 52 last December’s UN climate talks in Poland. “I’ve been the ordinary girl sitting in the back row who doesn’t say anything.” Greta says. “ 53 , now, from one day to another, people listen to me. That’s quite a 54 .” While Greta may not seem like a climate activist, it was not entirely 55 that she became one. Like many children, Greta watched 56 films about the melting (融化) Arctic and the 57 of the polar bears. But, unlike other children, she couldn’t let them go. She began thinking about it all the time, and the shocking pictures were 58 in her head. Greta began researching climate change. In order to cut CO2 emissions (排放), she 59 flying on airplanes and buying anything that is not absolutely necessary, and her parents were inspired to 60 her example, living a greener lifestyle. 46．A．reading B．informing C．writing D．leaving 47．A．chance B．year C．week D．dream 48．A．target B．approach C．behavior D．problem 49．A．hold B．cause C．count D．limit 50．A．application B．wealth C．record D．influence 51．A．school B．media C．community D．government 52．A．host B．organize C．address D．debate 53．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Thus D．However 54．A．difference B．award C．talent D．reference 55．A．possible B．typical C．accidental D．natural 56．A．funny B．inspiring C．achievable D．educational 57．A．behavior B．suffering C．habits D．words 58．A．moved B．stuck C．drawn D．taken 59．A．stopped B．risked C．started D．suggested 60．A．believe B．follow C．record D．establish 【答案】 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．D 50．D 51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．C 56．D 57．B 58．B 59．A 60．B 【导语】文章主要讲述环保少女格蕾塔发起气候罢课并推动绿色生活的故事。 【解析】 46．考查动词。句意：16岁的格蕾塔站在议会大楼外，旁边立着一块用瑞典语写着“为气候罢课”的牌子。A. reading写着；B. informing通知；C. writing书写；D. leaving留下。根据下文““School strike for climate (为气候罢课)” in Swedish”可知，下文是牌子上的内容，英语中表示标识、牌子上印有文字内容，习惯用动词read来表达。 47．考查名词。句意：这是她第26次罢课，每周五她都会发起这样的罢课行动。A. chance机会；B. year年；C. week周；D. dream梦想。根据上文“It is a Friday, her day of protest (抗议).”可知，上文提到她每周五都进行抗议，26次对应的就是26周的坚持。 48．考查名词。句意：她的目标是让瑞典遵守2016年《巴黎协定》，该协定承诺将全球变暖幅度限制在工业化前水平的2℃以下。A. target目标；B. approach方法；C. behavior行为；D. problem问题。根据下文“is to bring Sweden in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement”可知，格蕾塔持续发起抗议，想要推动国家落实气候协议，这是她行动的核心目标。 49．考查动词。句意：她的目标是让瑞典遵守2016年《巴黎协定》，该协定承诺将全球变暖幅度限制在工业化前水平的2℃以下。A. hold握住；B. cause导致；C. count计数；D. limit限制。根据下文“global warming to below 2℃, compared with levels before industrialization”可知，《巴黎协定》的核心要求就是把全球升温幅度严格限定在2℃以内。 50．考查名词。句意：在过去的六个月里，格蕾塔收获了名声和几乎没人包括她自己能预料到的影响力。A. application申请；B. wealth财富；C. record记录；D. influence影响力。根据上文“Over the past six months, Greta has gained fame (名声) and”可知，从普通女孩变成全球知名的气候活动者，她随之获得的是超出预期的公众影响力。 51．考查名词。句意：她的抗议很快就获得了媒体的广泛关注。A. school学校；B. media媒体；C. community社区；D. government政府。根据下文“Then came a TED talk, and an invitation to ______ last December’s UN climate talks in Poland”可知，后续她获得了TED演讲邀请、联合国气候大会的邀约，说明她的事件最先被媒体广泛报道传播。 52．考查动词。句意：之后她收到了邀请，在去年12月波兰举办的联合国气候大会上发表讲话。A. host主持；B. organize组织；C. address发表演说；D. debate辩论。根据下文“last December’s UN climate talks in Poland”结合她气候活动家的身份可知，受邀在国际气候会议上公开发言是符合语境的安排。 53．考查副词。句意：“我以前是坐在后排一言不发的普通女孩，然而现在，一夜之间所有人都开始听我讲话。”A. Therefore因此；B. Besides此外；C. Thus所以；D. However然而。根据上文“I’ve been the ordinary girl sitting in the back row who doesn’t say anything”和下文“now, from one day to another, people listen to me”可知，从前无人在意的普通女孩，到如今获得万众倾听的地位，前后是强烈的转折逻辑。 54．考查名词。句意：这实在是一个巨大的转变。A. difference差异、转变；B. award奖项；C. talent天赋；D. reference参考。根据上文““I’ve been the ordinary girl sitting in the back row who doesn’t say anything.” Greta says. “______, now, from one day to another, people listen to me. That’s quite a”可知，从无人关注到被所有人倾听，她的生活和处境发生了天翻地覆的改变。 55．考查形容词。句意：虽然格蕾塔看起来不像是传统意义上的气候活动家，但她成为活动家这件事也并非完全偶然。A. possible可能的；B. typical典型的；C. accidental偶然的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“She began thinking about it all the time”和“Greta began researching climate change”可知，后文介绍了她长期关注气候问题的积累，说明她走上这条道路不是完全意外的巧合。 56．考查形容词。句意：和很多孩子一样，格蕾塔观看了关于北极冰川融化、北极熊深陷苦难的教育类影片。A. funny有趣的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. achievable可实现的；D. educational有教育意义的。根据下文“films about the melting (融化) Arctic”可知，这类介绍生态危机的科普内容，属于面向孩子的教育类影片。 57．考查名词。句意：和很多孩子一样，格蕾塔观看了关于北极冰川融化、北极熊深陷苦难的教育类影片。A. behavior行为；B. suffering苦难；C. habits习惯；D. words话语。根据上文“films about the melting (融化) Arctic and”和下文“of the polar bears”可知，冰川融化会破坏北极熊的栖息地，让它们的生存陷入巨大的苦难之中。 58．考查动词。句意：她开始无时无刻不在思考这件事，那些令人震撼的画面一直萦绕在她的脑海里挥之不去。A. moved移动；B. stuck卡住、萦绕；C. drawn绘制；D. taken带走。根据上文“the shocking pictures were”可知，那些关于生态灾难的、令人震撼的画面深深印在她的脑海里，始终无法消散。 59．考查动词。句意：为了减少二氧化碳排放，她停止乘坐飞机，也不购买任何非绝对必要的物品。A. stopped停止；B. risked冒险；C. started开始；D. suggested建议。根据上文“In order to cut CO2 emissions (排放)”和下文“flying on airplanes”可知，想要降低碳排放，最直接的方式就是放弃高排放的飞行出行方式。 60．考查动词。句意：她的父母也受到鼓舞，以她为榜样，过上了更环保的生活方式。A. believe相信；B. follow跟随；C. record记录；D. establish建立。根据下文“her example, living a greener lifestyle”可知，父母受到格蕾塔的影响，效仿她的做法，一起践行绿色低碳的生活。 Passage 10 （25-26高一下·湖南岳阳·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Human activities cause increasing harm to animals. When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring 61 mind. Recent research by 62 (environment) scientists, however, shows that in fact, humans are the most fearsome hunters 63 have the greatest impact on animal populations. In the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals 64 (go) extinct. Some activities, such as hunting and fishing, 65 (direct) harm animals, while other activities, such as development in towns and cities, impact indirectly on animal populations. Hunting and fishing have influenced the world’s animal populations. Some people hunt animals for food: whale meat 66 (eat) in some parts of the world. Some people hunt animals for fashion: animal skin is used to make coats and bags. Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer are tracked 67 shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport. Human activities that have indirect effects on animals can be just as harmful. When we build farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats and leave many animals with nowhere 68 (live), or no food to eat. We can also put animals in danger without ever entering their habitats. Air, water, noise and light pollution can all have a deep and 69 (damage) influence quite far from their source. Partly due to pollution 70 (cause) by ship traffic and other human activities, the dolphin population has dropped greatly. As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 【答案】 61．to 62．environmental 63．who/that 64．have gone 65．directly 66．is eaten 67．and 68．to live 69．damaging 70．caused 【导语】文章指出人类活动对动物种群造成了巨大危害，人类才是最可怕的猎手；随着人口增长，这种影响还在不断加剧，已导致大量物种灭绝。 【解析】 61．考查介词。句意：当你想到可怕的猎手时，脑海中可能会浮现狮子和鲨鱼的形象。结合“spring”和“mind”可知，此处应用固定短语spring to mind，意为“突然出现在脑海中”。 62．考查形容词。句意：然而，环境科学家的最新研究表明，事实上人类才是最可怕的猎手，对动物种群的影响最大。空处作修饰scientists的定语，形容词environmental符合题意，意为“环境的”。 63．考查定语从句。句意：然而，环境科学家的最新研究表明，事实上人类才是最可怕的猎手，对动物种群的影响最大。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hunters，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that作引导词。 64．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去500年里，有超过300种动物已经灭绝。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语“In the last 500 years”常与现在完成时连用，且主语over 300 species of animals是复数，助动词应用have。 65．考查副词。句意：一些活动，比如狩猎和捕鱼，直接伤害动物；而另一些活动，比如城镇和城市开发，则间接影响动物种群。空处修饰动词harm，结合后面的“indirectly”可知，副词directly符合题意，意为“直接地”。 66．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：有些人为了食物而捕猎动物：在世界上某些地方，鲸鱼肉被食用。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述一般事实，用一般现在时，eat“吃”和主语whale meat之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是不可数名词，be动词应用is。 67．考查连词。句意：还有些人只是为了娱乐而捕猎动物：鹿被那些享受运动刺激的人追踪并射杀。空处连接前后两个动作tracked和shot，两者之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and。 68．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们建造农场或工厂时，我们破坏了动物的栖息地，使许多动物无处可住，或无食物可吃。结合后面的“or no food to eat”可知，此处是平行结构，空处应用不定式短语to live作定语修饰nowhere。 69．考查形容词。句意：空气、水、噪音和光污染都能在远离其源头的地方产生深远而具有破坏性的影响。空处和deep并列，作修饰influence的定语，形容词damaging符合题意，意为“有破坏性的”。 70．考查非谓语动词。句意：部分由于船只交通和其他人类活动造成的污染，海豚数量已大幅下降。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作pollution的后置定语，cause“造成”和pollution逻辑上是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式caused。 $