精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高二年级英语学科9月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Lost at sea Two men from the Solomon Islands have been rescued after spending 29 days lost at sea. The men ____1____ (travel) to another island when heavy rain and wind took them out to sea. The two men survived on oranges they had packed, coconuts they found in the sea and by gathering rainwater. “I look forward to going back home ____2____ I guess it was a nice break from everything,” one of the men, Livae Nanjikana, told The Guardian. Nanjikana and Junior Qoloni took off from Mono Island on Sept. 3 in a motorboat to travel 200 km to Noro on New Georgia Island. However, soon after they set out, their boat was hit by heavy winds and rain, which made unclear the coastline they were following ____3____ a guide.  “When the bad weather came, it was bad, but it was ____4____ (bad) and became scary when the GPS died,” he said. “We couldn’t see where we were going and so we just decided to stop the engine and wait, ____5____ (save) fuel.” When the rain had finally passed, Nanjikana and Qoloni had already drifted far out to sea. They spent the next 29 days ____6____ (live) off of limited supplies and by gathering rainwater with ____7____ they could make use of to keep themselves alive. A fisherman found and rescued the two men on Oct. 2 off the coast of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, about 400 km from ____8____ they had started. Nanjikana and Qoloni ____9____ (bring) to a local health clinic for treatment and are staying temporarily with a local man, Joe Kolealo, until they ____10____ return home. 【答案】1. were traveling ##were travelling 2. but ##though##although 3. as 4. worse 5. to save ##saving 6. living 7. whatever ##what ##anything##everything##all 8. where 9. were brought ##have been brought 10. can 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是所罗门群岛的两名男子在海上失踪29天后获救的事情。 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：这两个人正在前往另一个岛屿时，大雨和大风把他们带到海上。由句意和when可知，此处为“be doing …when…”结构，表示“正当……时……”，结合并列句谓语took可知，此处应用过去进行时，主语the men为复数，助动词用were，故填were trave(l)ling。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：其中一名男子Livae Nanjikana告诉卫报：“我期待着回家，但/尽管我认为这是一次很好的休息。”。由语境可知，这名男子很期待回家，尽管这次经历是一次很好的休息，前后句之间为转折关系或让步关系，可用连词but或though/although连接句子，故填but或though/although。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：然而，他们出发后不久，他们的船就遭遇了大风和大雨，这使得他们当作向导所遵循的海岸线变得不清晰。由语境和空后的a guide(向导)可知，他们把海岸线“当作”向导，表示“当作”用介词as，故填as。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他说：“当坏天气来临时，情况很糟糕，但当GPS失灵时情况更糟，变得可怕。”。由语境“但当GPS失灵时”和前面的bad可知，空处表示“更糟糕”，应用形容词比较级，故填worse。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们看不到我们要去哪里，所以我们决定停止引擎等待，以节省燃料。”句中已有谓语动词decided，save应用非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处表示“为了节约能源”，表目的，且save与主语之间为主动关系，所以可用动词不定式to save或现在分词saving作状语，故填to save或saving。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在接下来的29天里，他们依靠有限的补给和收集雨水维持生命。由“spent the next 29 days”可知，此处为“spend…（in）doing(花费时间做……)”结构，所以应填入动名词形式，故填living。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句或代词。句意：在接下来的29天里，他们依靠有限的补给和利用可以利用的一切收集雨水来维持生命。空处位于介词with后可知，空处引导后面的宾语从句，结合句意，可知从句缺少宾语，可用代词whatever或what指代“他们可以利用的任何东西”，引导从句，作从句的宾语。或此处为定语从句，缺少先行词，结合句意可知，可用不定代词anything，everything或all做先行词，指代“他们可以利用的任何东西/一切”，省略引导词that。故填whatever/what或anything/everything/all。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：10月2日，一名渔民在巴布亚新几内亚新不列颠海岸发现并营救了这两名男子，距离他们出发地点约400公里。空处位于介词from后，所以此处为宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句缺少地点状语，所以用where引导该从句，故填where。 【9题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：Nanjikana和Qoloni被带到当地一家医疗诊所接受治疗，目前暂时与当地一名男子Joe Kolealo住在一起，直到他们能够回家。分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语，由语境可知，事情发生在过去，时态可用一般过去时或现在完成时，且主语Nanjikana和Qoloni与bring之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时或现在完成时的被动语态结构，故填were brought或have been brought。 【10题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：Nanjikana和Qoloni被带到当地一家医疗诊所接受治疗，目前暂时与当地一名男子Joe Kolealo住在一起，直到他们能够回家。根据句意和return可知应用情态动词can，表示“可以，能够”回家，故填can。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confused B. adaptable C floating D. decaying E. attempts F. imitated G. attached H. signs I. samples J. relatively K. steady Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor, researchers had always assumed that there would be few ____11____ of life farther away from open water and sunlight. However, the discovery of filter-feeding (滤食的) organisms— 160 miles away from the open ocean, with temperatures of -2.2℃ and under complete darkness— suggests that life in the world’s harshest environment may be more ____12____ than previously thought. In 2017, BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three-month expedition to the middle of Antarctica’s Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, to collect ____13____ of the seafloor deposits. The team drilled through the half-mile of ice by pumping almost 20,000 liters of hot water through a pipe. After about 20 hours of painstaking work, they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath. However, when the scientists lowered the instrument, along with a camera, to collect the soil, it came up empty. After multiple failed ____14____— each round trip taking about an hour— the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the ____15____ flat seabed. Even more surprisingly, the rock was covered with stationary animals, like sponges (海绵) and potentially unknown species. The finding has ____16____ many scientists given that certain organisms, such as sponges and coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live their entire lives ____17____ to rocks, or other hard surfaces, need food supplies. In the open water, the “marine snow,” as the food is called, comes from ____18____ organic matter, which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean. However, the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive ____19____ supplies of nutrients. To make matters worse, due to the area’s strong ocean currents, the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them. “This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we’ve seen any of these filter-feeding animals,” said Smith. “These things are stuck on a rock and only get fed if something comes _____20_____ along.” 【答案】11. H 12. B 13. I 14. E 15. J 16. A 17. G 18. D 19. K 20. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家们对于南极洲海底生物的研究发现。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管在南极洲海底发现海洋动物并不罕见，研究者们总是认为远离开阔水域和阳光的生命迹象很少。根据句子中谓语动词be以及修饰语few可知，空格处应填复数名词，signs“迹象”为复数名词，此处表示生命迹象，符合句意。故选H项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，滤食生物的发现——距离开阔的海洋160英里，温度为-2.2℃，并且完全处于黑暗中——表明世界最恶劣的环境中的生命可能比以前想象的更有适应能力的。根据句中谓语动词be以及修饰语more可知，空格处应填形容词，adaptable“有适应能力的”为形容词，表示滤食生物远比想象的更有适应能力，符合句意。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：2017年，BAS地质学家James Smith和他的同事对南极洲的Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf中部进行了为期三个月的探险，以收集海底沉积物的样本。根据句中非谓语动词to collect以及定语of the seafloor deposits，此处应填复数名词，samples“样本”为复数名词，表示沉积物的样本，符合句意。故选I项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：改变多次失败的尝试——每次往返需要一个小时——研究者们仔细观察足迹并且注意到一块巨大的石头坐在相对平坦的海底中。根据句中形容词failed以及修饰词multiple可知，此处应填复数名词，attempts“尝试”为复数名词，表示多次失败的尝试，符合句意。故选E项。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：改变多次失败的尝试——每次往返需要一个小时——研究者们仔细观察足迹并且注意到一块巨大的石头坐在相对平坦的海底中。根据句中形容词flat可知，此处应填副词，relatively“相对地”为副词，在句中修饰形容词，符合句意。故选J项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：某些生物的调研结果使得许多科学家困惑，如海绵和珊瑚虫，一生都生活在岩石或其他坚硬的表面，需要食物供应。根据句中动词has可知，此处应填动词的过去分词形式与之共同构成现在完成时的谓语动词，confused“使…困惑”为动词confuse的过去分词形式，在句中表示结果使得许多科学家迷惑不解，符合句意。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：某些生物的调研结果使得许多科学家困惑，如海绵和珊瑚虫，一生都生活在岩石或其他坚硬的表面，需要食物供应。在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据句中谓语动词live可知，此处应填非谓语动词，attached“把…附上”为动词attach的过去分词，在句中与逻辑主语间为被动关系，表示生物被附加到岩石或其他坚硬的表面，符合句意。故选G项。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在开阔的水域，由于食物被称为“海洋雪”，来自于腐烂的有机物，从上游水域漂流到深海。根据谓语动词comes from以及专有名词organic matter可知，此处应填形容词，decaying“腐烂的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，如此深的物种距离深海太远以至于不能收到稳定的营养供应。根据非谓语动词to receive以及宾语supplies可知，此处应填形容词对名词进行修饰，steady“稳定的”为形容词，表示物种太远以至于不能收到稳定的营养供应，符合句意。故选K项。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些东西被困在岩石上，只有当有东西漂浮经过时，才会被喂饱。根据从句中谓语动词comes可知，此处应填非谓语动词，floating“漂浮”为动词float的现在分词，在句中与逻辑主语something之间为主动关系，符合句意。故选C项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. This era of “Industry 4. 0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can ____21____ different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans. In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n) ____22____ shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. ____23____ robots focused on single, fixed, high - speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4. 0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently which ____24____ removes the need for a highly skilled workforce. For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4. 0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and ____25____ remotely. Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be ____26____ studied using what is known as “big data” analysis. This will help ____27____ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plat, for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically ____28____ it. For ____29____ manufacturing businesses, Industry 4. 0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots. It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform _____30_____ jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes. This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for _____31_____. While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a _____32_____ level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans. What's coming next is known as “deep learning”. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to _____33_____ what is the best action to take, The _____34_____ is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making. A perfect example of deep learning was _____35_____ by Google's Alpha Go software, which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players. 21. A. compare with B. adapt to C. pick out D. hold on 22. A. extensive B. accidental C. convenient D. dramatic 23. A. Traditional B. Removable C. Fashionable D. Potential 24. A. temporarily B. thoroughly C. eventually D. initially 25. A. arranged B. evaluated C. monitored D. composed 26. A. gradually B. collectively C. similarly D. approximately 27. A. identify B. reserve C. exploit D. indicate 28. A. dominating B. imposing C. eliminating D. scheduling 29. A. high-speed B. mass-produced C. small-to-medium D. multi-cultural 30. A. multiple B. feasible C. profitable D. independent 31. A. promotions B. improvements C. highlights D. resolutions 32. A. separate B. peculiar C. narrow D. mysterious 33. A. come up with B. account for C. give way to D. make decisions about 34. A. difference B. commission C. phenomenon D. expectation 35. A. introduced B. described C. prepared D. demonstrated 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章阐述了人工智能机器人Industry 4.0，介绍了它的特点，并将它与“深度学习”进行了对比。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这将创造具有更好的感知和通信能力的智能机器人，能够适应不同的任务，甚至在没有人类输入的情况下协调它们的工作以满足需求。A. compare with比较；B. adapt to适应；C. pick out挑选；D. hold on坚持。根据下文“even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans”可知，这款新机器人可以在没有人输入的情况下，协调工作来满足需求，因此推断它能够适应不同的任务。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在制造业中，机器人可以说是取得了所有行业中进展最大的一步，这将意味着从集中合作生产向分散合作生产的巨大转变。A. extensive广阔的，广大的；B. accidental意外；C. convenient方便的；D. dramatic巨大的，引入注目的。根据上文“In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division”可知，在制造行业，机器人可以说是取得了进展最大的一步，因此推断这意味着一个从集中合作生产向分散合作生产的巨大的转变。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：传统的机器人专注于单一的、固定的、高速的操作，需要高技能的劳动力来操作和维护它们。A. Traditional传统的；B. Removable可移动的；C. Fashionable时髦的；D. Potential潜在的。根据下文“Industry 4. 0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently(工业4.0机器人是灵活的、协作的，可以更独立地运行)”可知，此处是传统机器人与Industry 4. 0作对比，讲述传统机器人的特征。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：工业4.0机器人是灵活的、协作的，可以更独立地运行，这最终消除了对高技能劳动力的需求。A. temporarily短暂地；B. thoroughly彻底地；C. eventually最终；D. initially最初。根据上文“Industry 4. 0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently”可知，工业4.0机器灵活，协作，更独立，因此推断最终会不需要高技能劳动力。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于大型制造商来说，工业4.0意味着他们的机器人将能够感知他们的环境，并在一个可以远程运行和监控的工业网络中进行通信。A. arranged安排；B. evaluated评估；C. monitored监控；D. composed组成，构成。that引导定语从句，指代network，由上文的“can be run”可推断，这个网络可以远程运行和监控。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：每台机器都将产生大量的数据，这些数据可以使用所谓的“大数据”分析来集中研究。A. gradually逐渐地；B. collectively集体地，共同地；C. similarly相似地；D. approximately大约，近似。根据下文“This will help ____7____ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plat(提高整个平台的经营性能和生产质量)”可推断，这些数据可以使用“大数据”分析集中研究。故选B。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这将有助于确定提高整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法，例如，通过更好地预测何时需要维护，并自动安排它。A. identify确定；B. reserve保留；C. exploit利用；D. indicate表明。根据上文“that can be ____6____ studied using what is known as “big data” analysis.”和下文“for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically ____8____ it.”可推断，通过使用大数据分析可以帮助确定整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. dominating统治；支配；B. imposing强迫；C. eliminating排除，除掉；D. scheduling安排。根据上文“This will help ____7____ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plat, for example by better predicting by better predicting when repairing is needed”可推断，这有助于确定提高整个工厂的运行性能和生产质量的方法，此处举例说明，通过使用大数据集中研究，可以更好地预测什么时候需要维修，并可以自动做出安排。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于中小型制造企业，工业4.0将使其更便宜、更容易地使用机器人。A. high-speed高速的；B. mass-produced大规模生产的；C. small-to- medium中小型的；D. multi-cultural多文化的。根据上文“For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4. 0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment…”可推断，此处说的是中小型制造企业，对比大规模制作业，介绍工业4.0的运用。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它将创建可以重新配置以执行多个任务，并可以进行调整以在更多样化的产品范围和不同的产量上工作的机器。A. multiple多重的，多个的；B. feasible可行的；C. profitable有利可图的；D. independent自主的。根据下文“adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes”可知，机器可以被重新配置执行多重任务。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个部门已经开始受益于可重组的机器人，这些机器人旨在与人类工人合作，并分析他们自己的工作，以寻求改进。A. promotions促进；B. improvements改善，改进；C. highlights最有趣的部分；D. resolutions决心。根据上文“analyse their own work”可推断，这些机器人可以分析自己的工作以寻求改进。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天的工业人工智能的运作范围很窄，这使人类智能看起来由机器展示，但由人类设计。A. separate独立的；B. peculiar奇怪的；C. narrow狭窄的；D. mysterious神秘的。根据上文“While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us.”和下文“which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans”可知，机器仍旧没有人类聪明，因此今天的工业人工智能运作范围很狭窄，看起来就像是人类设计，机器来展示。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：与大数据分析类似，它涉及到实时处理大量数据，以决定采取什么是最好的行动。A. come up with提出；B. account for导致，引起；C. give way to让步；D. make decisions about做出决定。根据上文“processing large quantities of data in real time”和下文“what is the best action to take”可推断，此处说的是处理大量数据来决定最好的行动是什么。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同之处在于，机器可以从数据中学习，从而提高其决策能力。A. difference不同；B. commission委员会；C. phenomenon现象；D. expectation期待。根据上文“Similar to big data analysis”和下文“taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players”可推断，此处说的是机器与大数据分析的不同，机器可以从数据中学习，从而提高其决策能力。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：谷歌的Alpha Go展示了深度学习的一个完美例子，它自学打败了世界上最伟大的围棋选手。A. introduced介绍；B. described描述；C. prepared准备；D. demonstrated证明。根据下文“which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players”可推断，Alpha Go自学打败了世界上最伟大的围棋选手，展示了深度学习的一个完美的例子。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Dance is increasingly being introduced to anyone who is interested for both health and recreational reasons. The National Lottery is funding courses and training, as are local authorities and regional arts associations. In addition, family doctors suggest patients take dance lessons, and young footballers are learning about rhythm and balance through hip-hop lessons. Simon Dove, the Yorkshire Dance Centre’s organizer and promoter, says that attendance has doubled in the last three years. He owes this to more choice and easier access. And what a choice there is! There are 35 different lessons every week — everything from Arabic dancing to Egyptian, American tap, Asian and South African Township dance. “People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others,” Simon explains. Steven Johnson, 28, is one of the company’s teachers. He goes into schools and introduces kids to jazz, street dance and hip-hop. He thinks that for the less academic, it gives them something to focus on. “Several school teachers have reported back to me that normally difficult and disruptive children have become more manageable because of the lessons. I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident. The lessons also make them more aware of their bodies and how they work.” For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community. Dance is one of the five activities the Health Education Authority is promoting in its current Active for Life campaign, and this summer saw one of the first health and dance conferences in the UK. John Dunbar, one of the speakers, says that on a fitness level, dance can be just as effective as going on a running, and the results were the same. People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable. So, if you’re lucky enough to have dance classes near where you live, my advice to you would be to have a go! 36. What does Simon say about the dance classes in the second paragraph? A. Some are more popular than others. B. They are the quickest way to make friends. C. They are a very sociable way to exercise. D. There is no limit to the number you can take. 37. Steven Johnson believes that dance ________. A. has grown in popularity in less academic schools B. is suitable for the less active type of child C. can be taught by ordinary school teachers D. helps children who have low self-confidence 38. Why does Flo enjoy going to dance classes? A. They have enabled her to get over her shyness. B. They provide her with a sense of belonging. C. They allow her to meet people from outside the area. D. They make her feel more relaxed than other classes. 39. According to John Dunbar, dancing ________. A. has most effect on the health of older people B. needs to be done regularly to be effective C. is much better for you than running D. motivates people more than running 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述舞蹈在英国逐渐普及，不同人群都能从中收获健康与社交价值。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others(人们喜欢来这里，因为它能帮你保持健康、活跃思维，还能让你和他人互动交流)”可知，Simon认为舞蹈课是一种社交性很强的锻炼方式。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident.(我认为这是因为他们在学校里找到了自己擅长的事，这让他们变得更自信)”可知，Steven Johnson认为舞蹈能帮助缺乏自信的孩子。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community.(对于71岁的Flo Marsden来说，每周的舞蹈课在她的生活中承担着更强的社交属性。舞蹈带来的这种同伴相聚感才是最棒的。普通健身课没法让你和他人产生这么深的联结。我出门购物时会碰到一起上课的人，还会互相打招呼。这让你真切感受到自己是社群中的一份子)”可知，Flo喜欢舞蹈课是因为它给了她归属感。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable.(人们坚持跳舞的概率远高于坚持跑步计划，所以从这个角度来说舞蹈更合适)”可知，John Dunbar认为舞蹈比跑步更能激励人们长期坚持。 （B） What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live? Most people would mention the wheel, the printing press, the internet, and so on. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders. Standard time Time has always existed, but “standard time” hasn’t. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren’t synchronized. In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardised at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place. The light bulb When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: “Do not attempt to light with a match”. Now, perhaps more than any other object in our lives, we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night, lead to more flexible working hours, and enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights! Algorithms An algorithm is defined as “the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer”. The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century. They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word, to the time you wait at traffic lights. In fact, you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It’s a shame so few of us understand them! Shipping containers First used in the 1950s, shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times. They have made globalisation possible. Before shipping containers, goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship, tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other end. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week, making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays, three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours. The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15,000 containers. This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically. 40. The word "synchronised" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to "________" A. made to adapt to the local time B. made to indicate the time accurately C. made to show the standardised time D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time 41. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared, the correct order should be A. the light bulb, shipping containers, algorithms, standard time B. algorithms, the light bulb, standard time, shipping containers C. standard time, algorithms, the light bulb, shipping containers D. shipping containers, standard time, the light bulb, algorithms 42. Which of the following items make it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price? A. Standard time. B. The light bulb. C. Algorithms. D. Shipping containers. 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. D 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍四项深刻改变人类生活方式的发明及其发展与影响。 【40题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardised at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place.(在18、19世纪，世界各地城镇使用各自地方时，城镇之间时间不一样。这意味着火车可能在正式离开上一个城镇之前就抵达下一个城镇！全球时区在20世纪初才实现标准化，让国际航空与全球贸易得以开展。)”可知，世界各地都使用自己的时间，并不是全球统一标准的，所以，此处synchronized应该意指“同步的，统一的”。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians(最早的算法可追溯至近4000年前的巴比伦人)”；第三段中的“When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century(电灯泡于19世纪首次出现)”；第二段中的“Time zones across the world were only standardised at the beginning of the 20th century(全球时区在20世纪初才标准化)”；第五段中的“First used in the 1950s(集装箱于20世纪50年代首次投入使用)”。时间先后：algorithms→the light bulb→standard time→shipping containers。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically.(这使得运输成本降低，让全球商品价格更低，极大地影响了我们所有人的生活。)”可知集装箱让我们可以低价买到进口商品。 （C） Researchers and policy makers have long studied pilot schemes (方案) such as public health initiatives or innovative schools. They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale. This depressing tendency was called “voltage drop” by the psychiatrist Amy Kilbourne and her coworkers in 2007. The economist John List has been exploring the cause of this voltage drop, first in a 2019 paper with Omar Al-Ubaydli and Dana Suskind, then in a recent book, The Voltage Effect. So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas? One common problem is that the original effect was not real. Consider a famous experiment, conducted over 20 years ago by psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper, in which customers in a high-end supermarket were offered free samples of jam from a choice of either six or 24 flavours. The wider choice was dramatically de-motivating. Ten times as many people bought jam after being shown the smaller range. It is one of the most famous results in psychology; it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments. Perhaps the effect is completely non-existent, or perhaps the effect exists but with nothing like the force exhibited in the original experiment. Does anyone seriously believe your local supermarket would sell 10 times as much produce if only it simplified its product line? Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances. My favourite example is the Arch Deluxe, a hamburger launched by McDonald’s in 1996 with a marketing fanfare. The fast-food giant had every reason to expect success, because focus groups loved the Arch Deluxe’s bakery-style rolls, peppered bacon and stoneground mustard-mayo dressing. The problem, says List, is that the focus group enthusiasts were not a good guide to the attitude of the typical consumer: “A person who signs up to take part in a McDonald’s focus group is probably someone who is crazy about McDonald’s or loves all kinds of burgers, or both. But the average person, it turns out, goes to McDonald’s for the Big Mac, not a fancier version of one.” Even if the idea is real, and generalizes to a wide audience, it may be difficult to repeat the performance once it ventures beyond the control of the original creative team. A pilot school may work well, but it is easier to hire 20 good teachers than 20,000. A brilliant chef can work in only one kitchen at a time. 43. Which of the following statements best describes “voltage drop”? A. A scheme has been piloted before being really carried out. B. A scheme serves its intended purpose well on a large scale. C. A scheme works well when tested but fails when launched. D. A scheme like a health initiative is designed for a group of people. 44. What does the writer imply about the experiment conducted by Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper? A. It lasted too long a time. B. Its conclusion may not be reliable. C. Its follow-up experiments showed opposite results. D. It discouraged people from going to the supermarket. 45. The example of the Arch Deluxe is used in the passage in order to explain ________. A. why the creativity of an idea matters a lot B. why an idea may not generalise to a larger group C. why McDonald’s is not popular with average people D. why the attitude of the typical consumer varies 46. The passage talks mainly about ________. A. why some great ideas fail B. how to avoid voltage drop C. how to make a workable plan D. why experimentation is important 【答案】43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍“voltage drop”现象，分析试点效果好但规模化后失效的几类原因，解释许多好想法最终失败的缘由。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale.(他们发现这样一种现象：试点取得令人满意的效果，但扩大规模后效果就消失了。)”可知，voltage drop指方案试点效果好，大规模推行时就失败了。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“It is one of the most famous results in psychology; it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments.(这是心理学上最著名的结论之一，但后续的实验很难重现这一结果。)”可知，作者暗示这个实验的结论或许并不可靠。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances.(voltage drop的另一个原因是，原本的成效无法在特殊场景之外推广开来。)”以及后面的例子可知，Arch Deluxe这个例子用来解释为什么一个想法无法推广到更大的群体。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是根据第二段“So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas?(那么为什么这么多前景不错的想法会出现voltage drop的现象呢？)” 可知，本文介绍“voltage drop”现象，分析试点效果好但规模化后失效的几类原因，解释许多好想法最终失败的缘由。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Messy Facts about Diet and Inflammation Hop on the Internet or visit a bookstore, and you will see numerous “anti-inflammatory” diets, dishing out recipes and hope. Sure, plenty of foods have been found to reduce inflammation-many of them in laboratory experiments as opposed to in people: turmeric, blueberries, tea, various vegetables, fish. University of South Carolina professors James and Nitin Shivappa surveyed 1,943 such studies and published in 2014 a Dietary Inflammatory Index, with 45 food elements. They created it as a research tool for evaluating diets, but it’s built from studies that varied widely in methodology. When I asked Ridker his views on anti-inflammatory diets, he grew uneasy. “This has caught on like wildfire,” he says, “but I have seen extremely little data that say this piece of food is ‘anti-inflammatory’ and this piece is not.” He advises his own patients to eat a Mediterranean-type diet, heavy on vegetables, whole grains and fish and light on red meat and processed foods. ____47____ Would it be even more effective if it incorporated more blueberries and turmeric? No one knows for sure. Diet research is tricky. Some food, like turmeric, may work anti-inflammatory wonders for mice, but “that’s in the context of them eating with a whole different set of nutrients,” explains Martha Clare Morris, a nutritional epidemiologist at Chicago’s Rush University. The typical Mediterranean diet calls for loads of seafood a week, and yet studies of people taking fish oils as a supplement have not found much benefit. The virtues of fish may lie elsewhere or have more to do with displacing meat. ____48____ A current project examines whether cognitive decline can be slowed with a diet called the MIND, which combines elements of the Mediterranean diet with another well-studied diet called DASH. It will look at inflammation, but results won’t be out soon. Until then, there is no harm in adding more so-called anti-inflammatory ingredients to your diet. ____49____ Morris suggests a spicy tea (loaded with ginger, turmeric and pepper). But remember. ____50____! So don’t drink it with cookies and chips. A. Inflammation, though, is an essential part of healing. B. And context matters. C. That’s why researchers such as Morris prefer to study overall dietary patterns rather than particular ingredients. D. The underlying science, however, is somewhat shaky. E. When inflammation becomes long-term or systemic, there’s a price to pay. F. That diet has been shown in well-designed studies to reduce key markers of inflammation and the risk of heart disease. 【答案】47. F 48. C 49. D 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍市面上抗炎饮食流行，但相关科学依据不足，研究者更关注整体饮食模式，同时提醒食材搭配的重要性。 【47题详解】 上文“He advises his own patients to eat a Mediterranean-type diet, heavy on vegetables, whole grains and fish and light on red meat and processed foods.(他建议自己的患者采用地中海式饮食，多吃蔬菜、全谷物和鱼，少吃红肉和加工食品)”引出地中海饮食，及下文“Would it be even more effective if it incorporated more blueberries and turmeric? No one knows for sure.(如果加入更多蓝莓和姜黄，效果会不会更好？没有人确切知道)”提出该饮食能否增效的疑问，F选项“精心设计的研究已经表明，这种饮食可以降低主要炎症指标以及心脏病的患病风险”承接上文，先说明地中海饮食有研究支撑，再自然引出下文疑问，符合语境。 【48题详解】 上文“The virtues of fish may lie elsewhere or have more to do with displacing meat.(鱼类的益处可能存在于其他地方，或者更多和替代肉类有关)”表明单一食材很难判定功效，及下文“A current project examines whether cognitive decline can be slowed with a diet called the MIND, which combines elements of the Mediterranean diet with another well-studied diet called DASH.(目前有一项研究项目检验MIND饮食能否减缓认知衰退，该饮食融合了地中海饮食和DASH饮食的要素)”介绍整套饮食模式的相关研究，C选项“这就是为什么像Morris这样的研究者更愿意研究整体饮食模式，而不是单独的食材”承上启下，解释研究者选择研究整体饮食模式的原因，符合语境。 【49题详解】 上文“Until then, there is no harm in adding more so-called anti-inflammatory ingredients to your diet.(在那之前，在饮食里多加一些所谓的抗炎食材并无坏处)”说明可以适当添加抗炎食材，及下文“Morris suggests a spicy tea (loaded with ginger, turmeric and pepper). But remember. (Morris推荐一款含有生姜、姜黄和胡椒的辣味茶饮。但请记住)”举出添加抗炎食材的实例，D选项“然而，背后的科学依据并不十分可靠”进行转折，提醒抗炎食材相关理论并不稳固，引出下文Morris推荐的辣味茶饮以及转折，D选项与下文But的语气一致，符合语境。 【50题详解】 上文“Morris suggests a spicy tea (loaded with ginger, turmeric and pepper).(Morris推荐一款含有生姜、姜黄和胡椒的辣味茶饮)”给出茶饮例子，及下文“So don’t drink it with cookies and chips. (所以不要搭配饼干和薯片一起喝)”提醒搭配的禁忌，B选项“而且搭配背景很重要”引出后文告诫，说明食用时的搭配情况会影响效果，符合语境。 II. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Distance of face-to-face learning—What’s the difference? Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another. The technological advances of the past 20 or so years however, have meant that this form of education is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay. In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses. In terms of the relationship between teachers and students, the core principles remain the same. Namely, the teacher is the ‘knower’, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures and tutorials. This is different from a distance learning course where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners’ specific learning needs. In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they meet different needs. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. Compared to face-to-face learning，the system is heavily dependent on technology, which has enough flexibility but this means learner have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. With respect to the relationship between teachers and students, the core principle of the two systems remain the same. In a word，they can meet different needs. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了远程教学和面对面教学，分析了远程教学的优点，两种教学方式的相同之处，总结两种教学方式可以满足不同的需求，都可以产生良好的结果。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①The technological advances of the past 20 or so years however, have meant that this form of education is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. ②Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. ③In terms of the relationship between teachers and students, the core principles remain the same. ④What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Distance learning is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. Compared to face-to-face learning，the system is heavily dependent on technology Distance learning has enough flexibility and means learner have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. In terms of the relationship between teachers and students, the core principles remain the same. In a word，they can meet different needs. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Compared to face-to-face learning，the system is heavily dependent on technology, which has enough flexibility but this means learner have to be well-organized and self-disciplined.（运用了固定短语compared to，which引导的非限制性定语从句，省略了that的宾语从句） [高分句型2]：With respect to the relationship between teachers and students, the core principle of the two systems remain the same. （运用了介词短语with respect to） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 【答案】We shouldn’t start the project until we address these issues. 【解析】 【详解】“我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题”可理解为“在解决这些问题之前我们不会开始项目”，用not...until...引导的时间状语从句；“我们”是主句主语，译为we，“不会开始项目”是主句谓语和宾语部分，译为shouldn’t start the project；“在解决这些问题之前”是时间状语，译为until引导的时间状语从句we address these issues。 53. 这篇文章解释了为什么婴儿不能看电视。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 【答案】This article explains why babies cannot watch TV. 【解析】 【详解】“这篇文章”是主语，译为This essay；“解释了”作谓语，用动词explain，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式explains；“为什么婴儿不能看电视”处理为用连接副词why引导的宾语从句，主语“婴儿”译为babies，谓语部分“不能看”译为cannot watch，宾语“电视”译为TV。 54. 我们决定把这本书重新出版，作为我们致力于保护世界各地印刷品的一部分。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 【答案】We have decided to bring the book back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. 【解析】 【详解】主语为we；表示“决定”表达为decide to do sth.；表示“把这本书重新出版”表达为bring the book back into print；表示“作为……的一部分”表达为as part of；表示“我们致力于保护”表达为our continuing commitment to the preservation of，commitment表“致力的承诺”，后接介词to（to为介词，后需接名词性成分），精准对应中文“致力于”的语义；表示“世界各地印刷品”表达为printed works worldwide。表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。 55. 即便在会议上提出这一建议有被开除的风险，这位员工思考再三，决定冒险一试。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 【答案】Even if putting forward the suggestion at the conference risked being dismissed, the employee thought twice and decided to take the risk. 【解析】 【详解】表示“即便”表达为Even if，引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母大写；表示“在会议上提出这一建议”表达为putting forward the suggestion at the conference，动名词短语作从句主语；表示“有被开除的风险”中，“有……的风险”表达为risk doing sth.；表示“被开除”表达为being dismissed；表示“这位员工”表达为the employee，作主句主语；表示“思考再三”表达为think twice，因是过去发生的动作，用过去式thought；表示“还是决定冒险一试”表达为decide to take the risk，decide作谓语用过去式decided，匹配整体一般过去时的时态要求。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校后勤部门计划对学校食堂进行升级改造，现给出两种方案听取师生意见： 方案一：引入智能自助点餐及结算系统(提高效率，减少排队时间，但可能减少与食堂员工的交流); 方案二：扩建堂食区域并增加绿植和舒适座椅(改善就餐环境，但高峰期依然可能拥挤)。 写一封邮件给后勤部门，内容须包括： 1)你的选择； 2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Logistics Department, I am writing to express my preference regarding the cafeteria renovation. Were I to cast my vote, I would undeniably opt for expanding the dining area with abundant greenery. First and foremost, a comfortable dining environment is indispensable for alleviating students’ academic pressure. Not only does dining amidst lush plants provide a visual feast, but it also offers a tranquil haven where students can recharge after intense study. Furthermore, fostering face-to-face communication is far more valuable than mere efficiency. In a digital era where interaction is often replaced by screens, a spacious dining hall serves as a vital hub for students to bond and socialize. Should we choose the automated system, we might gain some time but lose precious human connection. In conclusion, while the smart ordering system is time-saving, the tangible benefits of a cozy dining environment should not be underestimated. Only by prioritizing students’ holistic well-being can our campus truly become a welcoming home. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】题目要求考生给学校后勤部门写邮件，就食堂升级改造的两种方案做出选择并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 至关重要的：vital → crucial 取代：replace → substitute 减轻：alleviate → relieve/ease 珍贵的：precious→valuable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First and foremost, a comfortable dining environment is indispensable for alleviating students’ academic pressure. 拓展句：First and foremost, a comfortable dining environment, which is indispensable for alleviating students’ academic pressure, deserves our attention. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Were I to cast my vote, I would undeniably opt for expanding the dining area with abundant greenery. (运用了虚拟条件句的倒装形式) [高分句型2] Not only does dining amidst lush plants provide a visual feast, but it also offers a tranquil haven where students can recharge after intense study. (运用了Not only置于句首引起的部分倒装句和where引导的定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Lost at sea Two men from the Solomon Islands have been rescued after spending 29 days lost at sea. The men ____1____ (travel) to another island when heavy rain and wind took them out to sea. The two men survived on oranges they had packed, coconuts they found in the sea and by gathering rainwater. “I look forward to going back home ____2____ I guess it was a nice break from everything,” one of the men, Livae Nanjikana, told The Guardian. Nanjikana and Junior Qoloni took off from Mono Island on Sept. 3 in a motorboat to travel 200 km to Noro on New Georgia Island. However, soon after they set out, their boat was hit by heavy winds and rain, which made unclear the coastline they were following ____3____ a guide.  “When the bad weather came, it was bad, but it was ____4____ (bad) and became scary when the GPS died,” he said. “We couldn’t see where we were going and so we just decided to stop the engine and wait, ____5____ (save) fuel.” When the rain had finally passed, Nanjikana and Qoloni had already drifted far out to sea. They spent the next 29 days ____6____ (live) off of limited supplies and by gathering rainwater with ____7____ they could make use of to keep themselves alive. A fisherman found and rescued the two men on Oct. 2 off the coast of New Britain, Papua New Guinea, about 400 km from ____8____ they had started. Nanjikana and Qoloni ____9____ (bring) to a local health clinic for treatment and are staying temporarily with a local man, Joe Kolealo, until they ____10____ return home. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. confused B. adaptable C floating D. decaying E. attempts F. imitated G. attached H. signs I. samples J. relatively K. steady Though it is not unusual to find marine animals under the Antarctica seafloor, researchers had always assumed that there would be few ____11____ of life farther away from open water and sunlight. However, the discovery of filter-feeding (滤食的) organisms— 160 miles away from the open ocean, with temperatures of -2.2℃ and under complete darkness— suggests that life in the world’s harshest environment may be more ____12____ than previously thought. In 2017, BAS geologist James Smith and his colleagues conducted a three-month expedition to the middle of Antarctica’s Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, to collect ____13____ of the seafloor deposits. The team drilled through the half-mile of ice by pumping almost 20,000 liters of hot water through a pipe. After about 20 hours of painstaking work, they were finally able to reach the seabed underneath. However, when the scientists lowered the instrument, along with a camera, to collect the soil, it came up empty. After multiple failed ____14____— each round trip taking about an hour— the researchers took a closer look at the footage and noticed a massive stone sitting amid the ____15____ flat seabed. Even more surprisingly, the rock was covered with stationary animals, like sponges (海绵) and potentially unknown species. The finding has ____16____ many scientists given that certain organisms, such as sponges and coral polyps (珊瑚虫), which live their entire lives ____17____ to rocks, or other hard surfaces, need food supplies. In the open water, the “marine snow,” as the food is called, comes from ____18____ organic matter, which drifts down from the upper waters to the deep ocean. However, the species in such depth are too far from the open sea to receive ____19____ supplies of nutrients. To make matters worse, due to the area’s strong ocean currents, the food has to travel anywhere from 370 to 930 miles to get to them. “This is by far the furthest under an ice shelf that we’ve seen any of these filter-feeding animals,” said Smith. “These things are stuck on a rock and only get fed if something comes _____20_____ along.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. This era of “Industry 4. 0” is being driven by the same technological advances that enable the capabilities of the smartphones in our pockets. It is a mix of low-cost and high-power computers, high-speed communication and artificial intelligence. This will produce smarter robots with better sensing and communication abilities that can ____21____ different tasks, and even adjust their work to meet demand without the input of humans. In the manufacturing industry, where robots have arguably made the most headway of any division, this will mean a(n) ____22____ shift from centralized to decentralized cooperative production. ____23____ robots focused on single, fixed, high - speed operations and required a highly skilled human workforce to operate and maintain them. Industry 4. 0 machines are flexible, cooperative and can operate more independently which ____24____ removes the need for a highly skilled workforce. For large-scale manufacturers, Industry 4. 0 means their robots will be able to sense their environment and communicate in an industrial network that can be run and ____25____ remotely. Each machine will produce large amounts of data that can be ____26____ studied using what is known as “big data” analysis. This will help ____27____ ways to improve operating performance and production quality across the whole plat, for example by better predicting when repairing is needed and automatically ____28____ it. For ____29____ manufacturing businesses, Industry 4. 0 will make it cheaper and easier to use robots. It will create machines that can be rearranged to perform _____30_____ jobs and adjusted to work on a more diverse product range and different production volumes. This part is already beginning to benefit from robots designed to cooperate with human workers and analyse their own work to look for _____31_____. While these machines are getting smarter, they are still not as smart as us. Today's industrial artificial intelligence operates at a _____32_____ level, which gives the appearance of human intelligence exhibited by machines, but designed by humans. What's coming next is known as “deep learning”. Similar to big data analysis, it involves processing large quantities of data in real time to _____33_____ what is the best action to take, The _____34_____ is that the machine learns from the data so it can improve its decision making. A perfect example of deep learning was _____35_____ by Google's Alpha Go software, which taught itself to beat the world's greatest Go players. 21. A. compare with B. adapt to C. pick out D. hold on 22. A. extensive B. accidental C. convenient D. dramatic 23. A. Traditional B. Removable C. Fashionable D. Potential 24. A. temporarily B. thoroughly C. eventually D. initially 25. A. arranged B. evaluated C. monitored D. composed 26. A. gradually B. collectively C. similarly D. approximately 27. A. identify B. reserve C. exploit D. indicate 28. A. dominating B. imposing C. eliminating D. scheduling 29. A. high-speed B. mass-produced C. small-to-medium D. multi-cultural 30. A. multiple B. feasible C. profitable D. independent 31. A. promotions B. improvements C. highlights D. resolutions 32. A. separate B. peculiar C. narrow D. mysterious 33. A. come up with B. account for C. give way to D. make decisions about 34. A. difference B. commission C. phenomenon D. expectation 35. A. introduced B. described C. prepared D. demonstrated Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Dance is increasingly being introduced to anyone who is interested for both health and recreational reasons. The National Lottery is funding courses and training, as are local authorities and regional arts associations. In addition, family doctors suggest patients take dance lessons, and young footballers are learning about rhythm and balance through hip-hop lessons. Simon Dove, the Yorkshire Dance Centre’s organizer and promoter, says that attendance has doubled in the last three years. He owes this to more choice and easier access. And what a choice there is! There are 35 different lessons every week — everything from Arabic dancing to Egyptian, American tap, Asian and South African Township dance. “People like coming here because it helps you stay fit and engages your mind, enabling you to interact with others,” Simon explains. Steven Johnson, 28, is one of the company’s teachers. He goes into schools and introduces kids to jazz, street dance and hip-hop. He thinks that for the less academic, it gives them something to focus on. “Several school teachers have reported back to me that normally difficult and disruptive children have become more manageable because of the lessons. I think it is because they have found something at school that they excel at, making them more confident. The lessons also make them more aware of their bodies and how they work.” For Flo Marsden, aged 71, her weekly dance lessons play a more social role in her life. It’s the togetherness of dancing that is the best. A keep-fit class doesn’t get you so involved with others. When I go out shopping I see people from the lessons and say hello. It makes you feel you are part of a community. Dance is one of the five activities the Health Education Authority is promoting in its current Active for Life campaign, and this summer saw one of the first health and dance conferences in the UK. John Dunbar, one of the speakers, says that on a fitness level, dance can be just as effective as going on a running, and the results were the same. People are far more likely to keep up dancing rather than a running programme, so in that way it can be more suitable. So, if you’re lucky enough to have dance classes near where you live, my advice to you would be to have a go! 36. What does Simon say about the dance classes in the second paragraph? A. Some are more popular than others. B. They are the quickest way to make friends. C. They are a very sociable way to exercise. D. There is no limit to the number you can take. 37. Steven Johnson believes that dance ________. A. has grown in popularity in less academic schools B. is suitable for the less active type of child C. can be taught by ordinary school teachers D. helps children who have low self-confidence 38. Why does Flo enjoy going to dance classes? A. They have enabled her to get over her shyness. B. They provide her with a sense of belonging. C. They allow her to meet people from outside the area. D. They make her feel more relaxed than other classes. 39. According to John Dunbar, dancing ________. A. has most effect on the health of older people B. needs to be done regularly to be effective C. is much better for you than running D. motivates people more than running （B） What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live? Most people would mention the wheel, the printing press, the internet, and so on. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders. Standard time Time has always existed, but “standard time” hasn’t. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren’t synchronized. In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardised at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place. The light bulb When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: “Do not attempt to light with a match”. Now, perhaps more than any other object in our lives, we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night, lead to more flexible working hours, and enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights! Algorithms An algorithm is defined as “the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer”. The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century. They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word, to the time you wait at traffic lights. In fact, you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It’s a shame so few of us understand them! Shipping containers First used in the 1950s, shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times. They have made globalisation possible. Before shipping containers, goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship, tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other end. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week, making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays, three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours. The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15,000 containers. This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically. 40. The word "synchronised" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to "________" A. made to adapt to the local time B. made to indicate the time accurately C. made to show the standardised time D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time 41. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared, the correct order should be A. the light bulb, shipping containers, algorithms, standard time B. algorithms, the light bulb, standard time, shipping containers C. standard time, algorithms, the light bulb, shipping containers D. shipping containers, standard time, the light bulb, algorithms 42. Which of the following items make it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price? A. Standard time. B. The light bulb. C. Algorithms. D. Shipping containers. （C） Researchers and policy makers have long studied pilot schemes (方案) such as public health initiatives or innovative schools. They find the phenomenon of the pilot delivering satisfying results, only to fade at a larger scale. This depressing tendency was called “voltage drop” by the psychiatrist Amy Kilbourne and her coworkers in 2007. The economist John List has been exploring the cause of this voltage drop, first in a 2019 paper with Omar Al-Ubaydli and Dana Suskind, then in a recent book, The Voltage Effect. So why does the voltage drop for so many promising ideas? One common problem is that the original effect was not real. Consider a famous experiment, conducted over 20 years ago by psychologists Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper, in which customers in a high-end supermarket were offered free samples of jam from a choice of either six or 24 flavours. The wider choice was dramatically de-motivating. Ten times as many people bought jam after being shown the smaller range. It is one of the most famous results in psychology; it has also proved rather difficult to repeat in follow-up experiments. Perhaps the effect is completely non-existent, or perhaps the effect exists but with nothing like the force exhibited in the original experiment. Does anyone seriously believe your local supermarket would sell 10 times as much produce if only it simplified its product line? Another source of voltage drop is when the original effect does not generalize beyond unusual circumstances. My favourite example is the Arch Deluxe, a hamburger launched by McDonald’s in 1996 with a marketing fanfare. The fast-food giant had every reason to expect success, because focus groups loved the Arch Deluxe’s bakery-style rolls, peppered bacon and stoneground mustard-mayo dressing. The problem, says List, is that the focus group enthusiasts were not a good guide to the attitude of the typical consumer: “A person who signs up to take part in a McDonald’s focus group is probably someone who is crazy about McDonald’s or loves all kinds of burgers, or both. But the average person, it turns out, goes to McDonald’s for the Big Mac, not a fancier version of one.” Even if the idea is real, and generalizes to a wide audience, it may be difficult to repeat the performance once it ventures beyond the control of the original creative team. A pilot school may work well, but it is easier to hire 20 good teachers than 20,000. A brilliant chef can work in only one kitchen at a time. 43. Which of the following statements best describes “voltage drop”? A. A scheme has been piloted before being really carried out. B. A scheme serves its intended purpose well on a large scale. C. A scheme works well when tested but fails when launched. D. A scheme like a health initiative is designed for a group of people. 44. What does the writer imply about the experiment conducted by Sheena Iyengar and Mark Lepper? A. It lasted too long a time. B. Its conclusion may not be reliable. C. Its follow-up experiments showed opposite results. D. It discouraged people from going to the supermarket. 45. The example of the Arch Deluxe is used in the passage in order to explain ________. A. why the creativity of an idea matters a lot B. why an idea may not generalise to a larger group C. why McDonald’s is not popular with average people D. why the attitude of the typical consumer varies 46. The passage talks mainly about ________. A. why some great ideas fail B. how to avoid voltage drop C. how to make a workable plan D. why experimentation is important Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Messy Facts about Diet and Inflammation Hop on the Internet or visit a bookstore, and you will see numerous “anti-inflammatory” diets, dishing out recipes and hope. Sure, plenty of foods have been found to reduce inflammation-many of them in laboratory experiments as opposed to in people: turmeric, blueberries, tea, various vegetables, fish. University of South Carolina professors James and Nitin Shivappa surveyed 1,943 such studies and published in 2014 a Dietary Inflammatory Index, with 45 food elements. They created it as a research tool for evaluating diets, but it’s built from studies that varied widely in methodology. When I asked Ridker his views on anti-inflammatory diets, he grew uneasy. “This has caught on like wildfire,” he says, “but I have seen extremely little data that say this piece of food is ‘anti-inflammatory’ and this piece is not.” He advises his own patients to eat a Mediterranean-type diet, heavy on vegetables, whole grains and fish and light on red meat and processed foods. ____47____ Would it be even more effective if it incorporated more blueberries and turmeric? No one knows for sure. Diet research is tricky. Some food, like turmeric, may work anti-inflammatory wonders for mice, but “that’s in the context of them eating with a whole different set of nutrients,” explains Martha Clare Morris, a nutritional epidemiologist at Chicago’s Rush University. The typical Mediterranean diet calls for loads of seafood a week, and yet studies of people taking fish oils as a supplement have not found much benefit. The virtues of fish may lie elsewhere or have more to do with displacing meat. ____48____ A current project examines whether cognitive decline can be slowed with a diet called the MIND, which combines elements of the Mediterranean diet with another well-studied diet called DASH. It will look at inflammation, but results won’t be out soon. Until then, there is no harm in adding more so-called anti-inflammatory ingredients to your diet. ____49____ Morris suggests a spicy tea (loaded with ginger, turmeric and pepper). But remember. ____50____! So don’t drink it with cookies and chips. A. Inflammation, though, is an essential part of healing. B. And context matters. C. That’s why researchers such as Morris prefer to study overall dietary patterns rather than particular ingredients. D. The underlying science, however, is somewhat shaky. E. When inflammation becomes long-term or systemic, there’s a price to pay. F. That diet has been shown in well-designed studies to reduce key markers of inflammation and the risk of heart disease. II. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Distance of face-to-face learning—What’s the difference? Although many people think it is a modern phenomenon, distance learning has been around for at least 200 years in one form or another. The technological advances of the past 20 or so years however, have meant that this form of education is now able to rival face-to-face learning as a credible alternative. When comparing the two systems, the first and most obvious area to focus on is the way that learning is delivered. Distance learning is heavily dependent on technology, particularly the internet. On a face-to-face course, students may only require a computer for the purpose of writing an essay. In comparison, when learning remotely, technology is the principal means of communication. The flexibility this provides means that students may be better able to learn at their own pace, following their own timetable, but it may also mean that learners have to be well-organized and self-disciplined. They must therefore be highly motivated in order to do well on the distance-learning courses. In terms of the relationship between teachers and students, the core principles remain the same. Namely, the teacher is the ‘knower’, and is responsible for helping students understand the key components of the course. However, the nature of the relationship may differ slightly within the two modes of delivery. With face-to-face learning, the teacher and student have the opportunity to develop a personal relationship through lectures and tutorials. This is different from a distance learning course where the teacher may seldom or indeed never actually meet the student. This may make it hard for teachers to understand their learners’ specific learning needs. In conclusion, it is difficult to state whether one form of learning is better than another, as they meet different needs. What is important to understand is the different ways in which they operate and that there are strong similarities between the two systems, which can both produce positive results. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 我们应该在项目开始前解决这些问题。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 53. 这篇文章解释了为什么婴儿不能看电视。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 54. 我们决定把这本书重新出版，作为我们致力于保护世界各地印刷品的一部分。（汉译英） ______________________________________ 55. 即便在会议上提出这一建议有被开除的风险，这位员工思考再三，决定冒险一试。（汉译英） ______________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校后勤部门计划对学校食堂进行升级改造，现给出两种方案听取师生意见： 方案一：引入智能自助点餐及结算系统(提高效率，减少排队时间，但可能减少与食堂员工的交流); 方案二：扩建堂食区域并增加绿植和舒适座椅(改善就餐环境，但高峰期依然可能拥挤)。 写一封邮件给后勤部门，内容须包括： 1)你的选择； 2)你的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $