Unit 2 Period 2 Learning About Language语言学习课（分层作业）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Period 2 Learning About Language A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 一、单词拼写　根据所给首字母或中英文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. She works for a law f________ which deals with international business. 2. With the support of his classmates, he finally o______ the difficulty in learning English pronunciation. 3. It took a few weeks for the new student to fully a________ to the school rules. 4. Don't c________ the name “Adam” with “Allen”; they are different. 5. This project helps satisfy people’s d________ for a greener living environment. 6. We must be careful not to e_______ children to too much violence on TV. 7. There is convincing evidence of a link between e________   to sun and skin cancer. 8. The young man is a________ and he is more likely to succeed. 9. It is generally accepted that people are m________ by success. 10. They developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to m________ relationships. 11. I hope there are school a_______ in my new school who can give me advice when I am in trouble. 12. By d________ (按定义), physics is the science of matter and energy. 二、单项选择　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. It is necessary ______ we should drink plenty of water every day. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 2. ______ we will have a picnic depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. That D. What 3. ______ he told me just now is a secret. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who 4. I don’t doubt ________ you are able to finish the task well. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 5. ________ he failed the exam was that he didn’t study hard. A. That B. Why C. What D. Which 三、完成句子　根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. 他的突然离开使整个办公室陷入一片混乱。 _______________________ threw the office into chaos. 2. 谁能为他解决这个问题，谁就能得到一笔钱作为奖赏。 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ will be rewarded with a sum of money. 3. 我好奇的是纸是谁发明的。 ____________ I’m curious about is____________invented paper. 4. 她终于实现了当著名作家的夙愿。 She finally ________________________ of becoming a famous writer. 5. 有的人选择走出自己的舒适区，投身为他人谋福利的事业中。 There are people who choose to step out of their ___________________ and commit/devote/ dedicate themselves to working for the benefit of others. 6. 美国的学校是多元文化的，学生们和老师们来自许多不同的种族背景。 Schools in the States are quite multicultural, ________________________________________________________. 7. 显然，第一学期她就面临着巨大的挑战。（形式主语） ______________________ she faced great challenges during the first semester. 8. 你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？ have trouble (in) doing sth. 句式 Have you ever asked yourself _____________________________________________________ ? 9. 她突然发现他生气了。 _____________________ that he was angry. 10. 我们有必要尽快适应这里的气候。 It is necessary for us to _______________________ the climate here as soon as possible. 11. 他父亲在医院病得很重，这就是他急需用钱的原因。(why) His father is badly ill in hospital. ________________ he is in desperate need of money. 12. 随着时间的推移，她的羞涩逐渐消退，她开始敞开心扉，展现出真实、快乐的自己。（shyness） As time passed, _______________________________, and she began to open up, showing her true, joyful self. 13. 不管这个过程有多难，我都不会放弃。 ________________________________________________, I will never give up. 14. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 (“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) Recently I bought an ancient vase, ____________________________________________. 15. 每个人都怀疑他们是否有幸活着。 Everyone ________________________________________________________. 16. 在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些人可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。 Some may struggle and suffer from _______________ when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 17. 我认为这个申请人不适合这个岗位。 I don’t think the _______________________________________. 18. 如何在不破坏自然的前提下刺激当地经济，是个重大挑战。 ____________________________________________ without damaging nature is a big challenge. 19. 他是一个很聪明的学生，但是缺乏主动。 He is an intelligent pupil, but he __________________. 20. — 主语从句：____________________________________ matters a lot. 我们能否解决这个问题至关重要。 — 表语从句：The question is ____________________________________. 问题是这个方法是否奏效。 21. 大多数发明都是从认识到需要解决的问题开始的。 Most inventions start _______________________________________________________. 22. 不可否认的事实是，你可能会遇到诸如想家，适应新的环境和学习一门新的语言等困难。 ___________________________________________________ such as ___________________________________________________, adapting to the new surroundings and learning a new language. 23. 杰克取得了好成绩，没有辜负父母的期望。 Jack got good grades and ___________________________________________． 24. 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭有助于她适应异国文化。 Although some foreign students _________________________________, Xie Lei chose to live with a _________________________________, who can _________________________________. 25. 他的英语讲得一天比一天好。 His English got better ____________________. 26. 该是我们立即采取措施保护海洋不受污染的时候了。 ________________________________________________________ the oceans from being polluted. (It is time for…to do) ________________________________________________________ the oceans from being polluted. (It is (about/high) time (that)…) 27. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and _________________________________________(你能怎样调整它们适应你的作品). 28. Participating in the cultural exchange program enabled me to ________________________________________________________ (对不同国家的习俗有了深刻的见解). 29. __________________________________________ (无论谁最后离开) should turn off the lights. 30. 动词­ing短语作主语 ________________________________________________________(与来自不同文化背景的人合作) helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. 31. Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. This is an advantage of studying abroad.（用that合并句子） _____________________________________________________________ 32. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize. It is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. (用非限制性定语从句合并成一个句子) _________________________________________________________________________________ 33. 句型转换(将下列句子改写成含“whatever-从句”的句式)    You can choose any gift you like for your family during the Spring Festival.    改写： ________________________________________________________________ 34. We should focus on something we can do for ocean protection. → _______________________ is _______________________ for ocean protection. (两个what引导的名词性从句) 四、选词填空　用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. exhibit B. virtual C. pull D. spread E. involvement F. significantly G. appreciation H reasonable I. model J. scientifically K. ruin I'm usually fairly doubtful about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove ______1______ . Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today's children are ______2______ more anxious than children in the1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 ______3______ a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation-brought on by high divorce rates and less ______4______ in community, among other things-and a growing perception(感受)that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation. At the top of the list is nurturing(培育)a better ______5______ of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can ______6______ the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will then have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of ______7______ violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children ______8______ . Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good ______9______ for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ______10______ your life. 五、阅读理解　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A篇 We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact — looking into someone’s eyes — in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means“yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite (相反的) meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 1. According to Paragraph 1, how can we learn about other people’s feelings? A. By only listening to their words. B. By watching their body language. C. By asking them directly. D. By ignoring their hand movements. 2. In which country is the “OK” gesture considered impolite? A. Japan B. France C. Brazil D. Russia 3. In Bulgaria, if people want to say “yes”, they ________. A. nod their head B. shake their head C. kiss each other D. wave their hand 4. What is the main purpose of smiling according to the passage? A. It only means happiness. B. It can be used in many situations. C. It is a sign of weakness. D. It is not common in some cultures. B篇 I come from a mountainous land where Tajik is my native tongue. I learned Russian and English, but Chinese seemed unclimbable. When I arrived in Hangzhou, I could recognize characters but could hardly speak. I was quiet, tentative, anxious about making mistakes. Motivation? It wasn’t enough. What I lacked was “structure”. One afternoon I attended a poetry recital. I heard Chinese verses, felt their rhythm, and realized that I needed more than words; I needed a “structure”. I designed my own daily plan — write 25 Chinese characters every day, about two hours each session; play soft piano melodies in the background to make study calm and avoid stress; tell myself, “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes — just start.” Soon, mistakes felt less scary. I remembered how as a child I learned to speak my first words, stumbling and falling, but trying again and again. My teacher’s words echoed, “Fear of mistakes prevents learning”. That structured habit made learning Chinese feel less like a chore and more like a part of me. In Hangzhou, I joined in cultural events. Once, teaching children English, I sang with my guitar. As they smiled and sang along, I saw myself in their eyes — once fearful, but persevering. This experience ultimately transformed more than just my language skills — it taught me patience, empathy, and the true value of cultural exchange. Now, I no longer translate in my head; I laugh and dream directly in Chinese. I have come to understand that language is far more than a tool — it is an entirely new lens through which to see life. So, if you are learning a new language, do not wait for motivation to find you. Build your own “structure”, immerse yourself in the culture, and dare to speak your truth. 1. What does the underlined word “structure” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Playing piano melodies. B. Memorizing more words. C. Attending a poetry recital. D. Making a regular study plan. 2. Why did the author see himself in the children’s eyes? A. They were faced with the same fear. B. They shared similar learning experiences. C. The children taught him some core values. D. The children reminded him of his childhood. 3. What does the author think of language as? A. A way of having fun. B. A shortcut to success. C. A window into the world. D. A tool for earning a bread. 4. What can we conclude from the author’s experience? A. Language learning requires patience. B. One should avoid mistakes in learning. C. Proper methods count in language learning. D. Cultural exchange is a must to master Chinese. 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Bridging Cultures Period 2 Learning About Language A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 一、单词拼写　根据所给首字母或中英文提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. She works for a law f________ which deals with international business. 【答案】firm 【解析】句意：她在一家处理国际业务的律师事务所工作。根据句意“公司，事务所”和首字母可知，此处为名词firm，作宾语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。 2. With the support of his classmates, he finally o______ the difficulty in learning English pronunciation. 【答案】overcame 【解析】考查动词。句意：在同学们的支持下，他终于克服了英语发音上的困难。根据首字母提示o可知，用动词overcome“克服”，句子描述的是过去的情况，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式overcame。故填overcame。 3. It took a few weeks for the new student to fully a________ to the school rules. 【答案】adapt 【解析】句意：这名新学生花了几周时间才完全适应学校的规章制度。根据to the school rules及首字母提示，这里表示适应校规，应填动词adapt，用于adapt to结构表示“适应”。空前的to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。 4. Don't c________ the name “Adam” with “Allen”; they are different. 【答案】confuse 【解析】句意：不要把亚当这个名字和艾伦搞混，他们是不同的。根据单词首字母以及用可知用动词confuse，用于祈使句否定形式，动词用原形。 5. This project helps satisfy people’s d________ for a greener living environment. 【答案】desire 【解析】句意：该项目有助于满足人们对更绿色生活环境的需求。根据首字母d及for a greener living environment可知，本空用名词desire“渴望，需求”，作宾语，构成固定搭配desire for“对……的渴望”。 6. We must be careful not to e_______ children to too much violence on TV. 【答案】expose 【解析】句意：我们必须注意不要让儿童接触到电视上过多的暴力内容。根据首字母提示和children to too much violence on TV可知，这里指让儿童接触电视暴力内容，用expose，表示“暴露，使接触”，expose sb. to sth. 意为“使某人接触/暴露于……”。be careful not to do...是不定式结构，不定式符号to后需要接动词原形。 7. There is convincing evidence of a link between e________   to sun and skin cancer. 【答案】exposure 【解析】考查名词。句意：有令人信服的证据表明，暴露在阳光下与皮肤癌之间存在联系。根据句意及首字母提示可知，应为不可数名词exposure作介词“between”的宾语。故填exposure。 8. The young man is a________ and he is more likely to succeed. 【答案】ambitious 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个年轻人雄心勃勃，他更有可能成功。分析句子可知，空处放在is后，为形容词作表语，且结合首字母a和and he is more likely to succeed.可知，这个年轻人雄心勃勃，ambitious有野心的，符合题意。故填ambitious。 9. It is generally accepted that people are m________ by success. 【答案】motivated 【解析】考查动词。句意：人们普遍认为成功会激励人。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用及物动词motivate，意为“激励”； 主语people 与谓语motivate为被动关系，设空处应用动词过去分词motivated，作谓语。故填motivated。 10. They developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to m________ relationships. 【答案】maintain 【解析】考查动词。句意：他们发展出成功沟通的能力，目的是为了维持关系。根据所给首字母和句意可知，此处应用动词“maintain维持”，与空前的in order to在句中作目的状语，故填maintain。 11. I hope there are school a_______ in my new school who can give me advice when I am in trouble. 【答案】advisers 【解析】考查名词。句意：我希望在新学校有顾问，当我遇到困难的时候，他们可以给我建议。此处作表语由school修饰用名词，根据who can give me advice及首字母提示可知，此处是名称adviser“顾问”，此处表示复数意义，和动词一致用复数。故填advisers。 12. By d________ (按定义), physics is the science of matter and energy. 【答案】definition 【解析】考查名词。句意：从定义上讲，物理学是研究物质和能量的科学。根据中英文提示可知用名词definition，作宾语，故填definition。 二、单项选择　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. It is necessary ______ we should drink plenty of water every day. A. that B. whether C. if D. what 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们每天喝大量的水是有必要的。根据空前It is和空后we should drink可知，空处应用连接词that，引导主语从句，it为形式主语，从句结构完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引导主语从句。故选A。 2. ______ we will have a picnic depends on the weather. A. Whether B. If C. That D. What 【答案】A 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们是否去野餐取决于天气。空格处需填入主语从句的引导词，“______ we will have a picnic”是主语从句，根据句意“我们是否去野餐”需用whether来引导，表示“是否”，句首单词首字母大写。故选A。 3. ______ he told me just now is a secret. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who 【答案】B 【解析】考查主语从句。句意：他刚才告诉我的事情是个秘密。“______ he told me just now”是主语从句，从句中缺少told的宾语，意为“……的事情”，应用what引导，句首单词首字母大写。故选B。 4. I don’t doubt ________ you are able to finish the task well. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我毫不怀疑你能出色完成这项任务。“don’t doubt（毫不怀疑）”后接宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词没有含义，需用that引导。 5. ________ he failed the exam was that he didn’t study hard. A. That B. Why C. What D. Which 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他考试不及格是因为他不努力学习。空处引导主语从句，后半句was that he didn’t study hard给出了原因，因此主语从句表达“他失败的原因”，用why引导主语从句，表示原因。 三、完成句子　根据汉语提示，补全下列句子。 1. 他的突然离开使整个办公室陷入一片混乱。 _______________________ threw the office into chaos. 【答案】His sudden departure 【解析】考查形容词、名词。表示“他的”用his，句首单词，首字母大写。“离开”用名词departure，作主语。表示“突然”用形容词sudden，修饰departure，作前置定语。故填His sudden departure。 2. 谁能为他解决这个问题，谁就能得到一笔钱作为奖赏。 ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ will be rewarded with a sum of money. 【答案】① Whoever    ② can    ③ solve    ④ the    ⑤ problem    ⑥ for    ⑦ him 【解析】考查名词性从句。此处为主语从句，“谁能为他解决这个问题”用Whoever 引导从句并在从句中作主语，表示“能”用情态动词can，为他解决这个问题表达为“solve the problem for him”，接在情态动词后用动词原形。故填Whoever；can；solve；the；problem；for；him。 3. 我好奇的是纸是谁发明的。 ____________ I’m curious about is____________invented paper. 【答案】① What    ② who 【解析】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：对于纸是由谁发明的这件事，我感到好奇。“……的事情”用What引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语 ；首字母大写。“纸是谁发明的”，“谁”用who引导表语从句，在从句中作主语 。故填What；who。 4. 她终于实现了当著名作家的夙愿。 She finally ________________________ of becoming a famous writer. 【答案】achieved her ambition 【解析】考查动词、名词和时态。根据句意可知此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态； “实现”为动词achieve，作谓语；“夙愿”为名词ambition，主语为she，此句表达为She finally achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.；故填achieved her ambition。 5. 有的人选择走出自己的舒适区，投身为他人谋福利的事业中。 There are people who choose to step out of their ___________________ and commit/devote/ dedicate themselves to working for the benefit of others. 【答案】comfort zone 【解析】考查名词。表示“区域”，用zone，作of的宾语；表示“舒适”，用名词comfort，作定语，修饰zone。comfort zone“舒适区”。故填comfort zone。 6. 美国的学校是多元文化的，学生们和老师们来自许多不同的种族背景。 Schools in the States are quite multicultural, ________________________________________________________. 【答案】with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds 【解析】考查with的复合结构。根据句意可知，句中涉及“with+宾语+介词短语”结构，在句中作状语，“students and teachers”表示“学生们和老师们”，作宾语，“from many different ethnic backgrounds”表示“来自许多不同的种族背景”，作宾补。故填with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds。 7. 显然，第一学期她就面临着巨大的挑战。（形式主语） ______________________ she faced great challenges during the first semester. 【答案】It was obvious that 【解析】考查固定句型，形容词，一般过去时。“显然的”使用形容词“obvious”，“很显然”使用固定句型“It is obvious that…”，其中that连接下文“she faced great challenges during the first semester”构成主语从句，本句描述过去的事实，因此需要使用一般过去时。故答案为：It was obvious that。 8. 你有没有问过自己为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难？ have trouble (in) doing sth. 句式 Have you ever asked yourself _____________________________________________________ ? 【答案】why people often have trouble learning English 【解析】考查宾语从句和固定搭配。空格处是ask的宾语从句，需用陈述语序；“做某事有困难”用固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.，其中in可省略。结合句意“为什么人们在学习英语时经常遇到困难”，从句引导词用why，从句主语是people，谓语用一般现在时have，“学习英语”是learning English。故填why people often have trouble learning English。 9. 她突然发现他生气了。 _____________________ that he was angry. 【答案】It occurred to her 【解析】考查固定句型和时态。根据句意，此处表示“某人突然想到/发现”需用固定句型it occurs to sb. that…，结合从句谓语动词“was”可知，时态为一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为occurred，且位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填It occurred to her。 10. 我们有必要尽快适应这里的气候。 It is necessary for us to _______________________ the climate here as soon as possible. 【答案】adapt (ourselves) to 【解析】考查动词短语。固定句型It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.，意为“做某事对某人来说是……”，it为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语；表示“适应”可用动词短语adapt (oneself) to，此处反身代词需用ourselves，表示我们自己去适应，根据空前不定式符号to，可知空处需填动词原形形式。故填adapt (ourselves) to。 11. 他父亲在医院病得很重，这就是他急需用钱的原因。(why) His father is badly ill in hospital. ________________ he is in desperate need of money. 【答案】That’s why 【解析】“That’s why...”为固定句型，其中why引导表语从句，表示“这就是……的原因”，that指代前文所述情况。 12. 随着时间的推移，她的羞涩逐渐消退，她开始敞开心扉，展现出真实、快乐的自己。（shyness） As time passed, _______________________________, and she began to open up, showing her true, joyful self. 【答案】her shyness gradually faded 【解析】表示“她的羞涩”用名词短语her shyness作主语；表示“逐渐消退”用gradually fade，时态与passed保持一致，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式faded。 13. 不管这个过程有多难，我都不会放弃。 ________________________________________________, I will never give up. 【答案】Regardless of how difficult the process is 【解析】表示“不管”短语为Regardless of；后跟宾语从句，表示“不管多么难”用how difficult；主语为process，后跟be动词；从句用一般现在时表将来。 14. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 (“名词/代词+介词+关系代词”引导定语从句) Recently I bought an ancient vase, ____________________________________________. 【答案】the price of which was very reasonable 【解析】表示“它的价钱很合理”用定语从句。表示“的价格”用the price of。先行词是an ancient vase，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，关系代词只能用which。描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，从句谓语用was。“很合理”译为very reasonable，作表语。 15. 每个人都怀疑他们是否有幸活着。 Everyone ________________________________________________________. 【答案】is sceptical about whether they are fortunate enough to be alive 【解析】根据句意可知，本句时态可用一般现在时描述一般性、经常性动作，表示“怀疑某事”可用短语be sceptical about sth，因为主语Everyone是第三人称单数，所以be动词用is，表示“是否”可用whether来引导宾语从句，宾语从句中表示“他们”可用人称代词they作主语，表示“有幸活着”可用短语be fortunate enough to be alive，因为主语是they，所以be动词用are。 16. 在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时，有些人可能会感到吃力，并承受文化冲击的折磨。 Some may struggle and suffer from _______________ when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 【答案】culture shock 【解析】考查固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，此处应填“文化冲击”，用名词短语culture shock，在句中作宾语。故填culture shock。 17. 我认为这个申请人不适合这个岗位。 I don’t think the _______________________________________. 【答案】applicant is suitable for the post 【解析】“申请人”译为applicant，作宾语从句的主语，由句意可知，应用单数形式；“适合”使用动词短语be suitable for，本句为否定前移句式，“认为……不适合”的否定语义由主句I don’t think承载，句子陈述目前事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词使用is；“这个岗位”译为the post，作介词宾语。 18. 如何在不破坏自然的前提下刺激当地经济，是个重大挑战。 ____________________________________________ without damaging nature is a big challenge. 【答案】How we can stimulate the local economy 【解析】根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“如何刺激当地经济”。句中缺少主语，应用How引导主语从句，表示“如何……”；主语从句需用陈述语序，结合句意从句主语可以用“我们”we，“能够刺激”为can stimulate，为从句的谓语，“当地经济”为the local economy，作宾语。 19. 他是一个很聪明的学生，但是缺乏主动。 He is an intelligent pupil, but he __________________. 【答案】lacks motivation 【解析】考查动词、名词和时态。对比中英文句子，空处需填“缺乏主动”；“缺乏”表达为lack，作句子谓语动词，结合语境和上文is判断为一般现在时，主语是he，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；“主动”表达为motivation，作宾语，不可数。故填lacks motivation。 20. — 主语从句：____________________________________ matters a lot. 我们能否解决这个问题至关重要。 — 表语从句：The question is ____________________________________. 问题是这个方法是否奏效。 【答案】① Whether we can solve the problem    ② whether the method will work 【解析】“我们能否解决这个问题”在第一空处作主语，用whether引导主语从句，whether在从句中不作成分，不能换成if；从句主语“我们”用we，“能”用情态动词can，谓语“解决”用动词原形solve，宾语“这个问题”用the problem；“这个方法是否奏效”在第二空处作表语，用whether引导表语从句，从句主语“这个方法”用the method，谓语“奏效”用动词原形work，谈论将来的情况，用一般将来时态will work。 21. 大多数发明都是从认识到需要解决的问题开始的。 Most inventions start _______________________________________________________. 【答案】with recognising a problem that needs a solution 【解析】考查动词和名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“认识到问题”应用recognise a problem，为动词短语；表示“需要解决的”应用that needs a solution，为定语从句，修饰前面名词a problem；表示“从……开始”应用start with，介词with后应用动名词形式作宾语。故填with recognising a problem that needs a solution。 22. 不可否认的事实是，你可能会遇到诸如想家，适应新的环境和学习一门新的语言等困难。 ___________________________________________________ such as ___________________________________________________, adapting to the new surroundings and learning a new language. 【答案】① One cannot deny the fact that you may encounter difficulties    ② suffering from homesickness 【解析】考查同位语从句、动词（短语）和名词。对比中英文可知，第一空表示“不可否认的事实是，你可能会遇到困难”，“不可否认的事实是”可理解为“人们不能否认这样一个事实”，用固定句型one cannot deny the fact that…表示，其中that引导名词性从句作fact的同位语，从句中主语“你”用代词you，“可能”用情态动词may，“遇到”可用动词encounter，“困难”可用名词difficulties，且句首单词的首字母需大写。第二空表示“想家”，作such as的宾语，可用动词短语suffer from的动名词形式和名词homesickness搭配。故填①One cannot deny the fact that you may encounter difficulties；②suffering from homesickness。 23. 杰克取得了好成绩，没有辜负父母的期望。 Jack got good grades and ___________________________________________． 【答案】lived up to his parents’ expectations 【解析】空处表示“没有辜负父母的期望”，使用固定短语live up to one’s expectations，“父母的”his parents’，根据got可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式lived。 24. 虽然一些留学生住在学校里，但是谢蕾选择住在寄宿家庭有助于她适应异国文化。 Although some foreign students _________________________________, Xie Lei chose to live with a _________________________________, who can _________________________________. 【答案】① live in campus accommodation    ② host family    ③ help with her adaptation to the new culture 【解析】考查动词短语和名词短语。第一空，Although引导状语从句，从句描述一个客观事实，时态需用一般现在时，表示“住在学校里”可用动词短语live in campus accommodation，从句主语为some foreign students，是复数主语，故从句谓语动词需用动词原形；第二空，表示“寄宿家庭”可用名词短语host family，根据空前with a可知，第二空应用名词单数形式，作介词with的宾语；第三空，表示“帮助（某人做……）”可用动词短语help with，情态动词can后使用动词原形，表示“适应”可用名词短语one’s adaptation to sth.，此处指谢蕾，故形容词性物主代词用her；表示“异国文化”可用名词短语the new culture，故第三空可表达为help with her adaptation to the new culture。故填①live in campus accommodation；②host family；③help with her adaptation to the new culture。 25. 他的英语讲得一天比一天好。 His English got better ____________________. 【答案】day by day 【解析】考查固定短语。根据句意可知，此处需要填短语day by day“一天天，逐渐”，在句中作状语。故填day by day。 26. 该是我们立即采取措施保护海洋不受污染的时候了。 ________________________________________________________ the oceans from being polluted. (It is time for…to do) ________________________________________________________ the oceans from being polluted. (It is (about/high) time (that)…) 【答案】① It is time for us to take immediate measures to protect    ② It’s (about/high) time (that) we should take/took immediate measures to protect 【解析】考查固定句型与动词短语。根据中英文句子可知，两个空均缺少“该是我们立即采取措施保护……的时候了”的英文表达，“采取措施去做某事”用固定短语take measures to do sth.，“立即”用形容词immediate修饰measures作定语，即“立即采取措施去……”表达为take immediate measures to…；“保护”用动词protect，跟在前面短语的不定式符号to后，用动词原形，与空后的from构成“protect…from…”固定搭配，表示“保护……不受/免于……”。 因此，第一空，根据要求的固定句式“It is time for…to do”，“我们”在介词for后用宾格形式us，故表达为It is time for us to take immediate measures to protect；第二空，要求用固定句式“It is (about/high) time (that)…”，该句型后的that从句的谓语有两种常用形式：一是用“should + 动词原形”，且should不可省略，二是用动词的“过去式”，为虚拟语气的用法，“我们”在从句中作主语用主格形式we，故可表达为It’s (about/high) time (that) we should take/took immediate measures to protect。故填①It is time for us to take immediate measures to protect；②It’s (about/high) time (that) we should take/took immediate measures to protect。 27. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and _________________________________________(你能怎样调整它们适应你的作品). 【答案】how you can adapt them for your work 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：Elizabeth Sims分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，探究其中包含的关键要点，以及你该如何将这些要点运用到自己的作品中。根据汉语提示，表示“如何”用特殊疑问词how，此处使用how引导宾语从句作see的宾语，与前文what引导的宾语从句构成并列，宾语从句使用陈述语序；表示“能够”用情态动词can，后接动词原形；表示“调整……；改编……”用动词短语adapt...for...；表示“你的作品”用your work。故填how you can adapt them for your work。 28. Participating in the cultural exchange program enabled me to ________________________________________________________ (对不同国家的习俗有了深刻的见解). 【答案】gain insights into the customs of different countries 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：参加文化交流项目让我对不同国家的习俗有了深刻的见解。表示“对……有了深刻的见解”使用动词短语gain insights into，“不同国家的习俗”译为the customs of different countries，空处使用动词原形，和前面的to构成动词不定式，故填gain insights into the customs of different countries。 29. __________________________________________ (无论谁最后离开) should turn off the lights. 【答案】Whoever leaves last 【解析】句意：无论谁最后离开都应该关灯。根据汉语提示可知，空格处作句子主语，表示“无论谁”需用whoever引导主语从句，从句使用陈述语序；表示“离开”为leave，whoever指代任何人，作从句主语，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式leaves，表示“最后”为副词last作状语，从句置于句首首字母大写。 30. 动词­ing短语作主语 ________________________________________________________(与来自不同文化背景的人合作) helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more insight into our own culture. 【答案】Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds 【解析】考查动名词和动词短语。表示“与……合作”应用动词短语cooperate with，此处作主语应用动名词形式。表示“人”应用people，用复数形式表示多数，表示“来自不同文化背景的”应用介词短语from diverse cultural backgrounds作后置定语。句首首字母应大写。故填Cooperating with people from diverse cultural backgrounds。 31. Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. This is an advantage of studying abroad.（用that合并句子） _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】An advantage of studying abroad is that exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 【解析】考查表语从句。句意：接触另一种文化和人民可以让交换学生对世界有更深入的了解。这是出国留学的一个好处。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处可以将两个句子合并成表语从句。连接词为that，从句为exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world。故填An advantage of studying abroad is that exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 32. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize. It is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. (用非限制性定语从句合并成一个句子) _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：屠呦呦被授予诺贝尔奖。它被认为是一个人可以获得的最高国际荣誉之一。改为非限制性定语从句时，用the Nobel Prize作先行词，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导定语从句，因此句子改写为“Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive”。故答案为Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive. 33. 句型转换(将下列句子改写成含“whatever-从句”的句式)    You can choose any gift you like for your family during the Spring Festival.    改写： ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You can choose whatever gift you like for your family during the Spring Festival. 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：春节期间，你可以挑选任何你喜欢的礼物送给家人。根据句意以及句子要求可知，句中any gift you like可替换为whatever gift you like，whatever此处作定语修饰名词gift，引导宾语从句，整体作动词choose的宾语，语义都表示“任何你喜欢的礼物”，符合 whatever“无论什么、任何”的核心含义。故答案是：You can choose whatever gift you like for your family during the Spring Festival. 34. We should focus on something we can do for ocean protection. → _______________________ is _______________________ for ocean protection. (两个what引导的名词性从句) 【答案】① What we should focus on    ② what we can do 【解析】句意：我们应该关注我们能为海洋保护做些什么。原句中“something we can do for ocean protection”是“focus on”的宾语，可将其转化为名词性从句“what we can do”作表语；同时，“We should focus on something”可转化为名词性从句“what we should focus on”作主语。改写后的句子为：What we should focus on is what we can do for ocean protection. 句首单词首字母大写。 四、选词填空　用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. exhibit B. virtual C. pull D. spread E. involvement F. significantly G. appreciation H reasonable I. model J. scientifically K. ruin I'm usually fairly doubtful about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove ______1______ . Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today's children are ______2______ more anxious than children in the1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children aged 9 to 17 ______3______ a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are America's kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation-brought on by high divorce rates and less ______4______ in community, among other things-and a growing perception(感受)that the world is a more dangerous place. Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation. At the top of the list is nurturing(培育)a better ______5______ of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can ______6______ the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will then have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of ______7______ violence your children are exposed to. It's not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children ______8______ . Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you deal with your own anxieties and provide a good ______9______ for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn't have to ______10______ your life. 【答案】1. J     2. F     3. A     4. E     5. G     6. C     7. B     8. H     9. I     10. K      【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。全文介绍了美国青少年心理状况处于严重焦虑状况后，提出了一系列措施帮助青少年们脱离困境。有时焦虑是无法避免的，但不一定非要让它破坏你的生活。 1. 考查副词。句意：虽然这些说法中的任何一个都可能是真的，但实际上不可能在科学上得到证明。scientifically意为“科学地”，为副词修饰动词prove作状语，符合句意。故选J项。 2. 考查副词。句意：尽管如此，我还是被一份报告所震惊，该报告得出结论说，今天的儿童明显比50年代的儿童更焦虑。significantly意为“重要地，较大地”，为副词修饰more anxious作状语，表示程度之深，符合句意。故选F项。 3. 考查谓语动词。句意：事实上，分析显示，9岁至17岁的正常儿童比50年前接受精神病治疗的儿童表现出更高的焦虑程度。exhibit是动词，意为“呈现，表现”，符合句意。故选A项。 4. 考查名词。句意：报告列举了两个主要原因：高离婚率和较少参与社区活动等导致的与世隔绝，以及人们越来越认为世界是一个更危险的地方。involvement是名词，意为“参与”，less involvement：较少的参与，符合句意。故选E项。 5. 考查名词。句意：排在首位的是培养对个人主义局限性的更好的鉴识。appreciation是名词，意为“鉴识，评价”。better appreciation：更好的鉴识，符合句意。故选G项。 6. 考查动词。句意：为了帮助孩子们与他人建立更紧密的联系，你可以拔掉电视和电脑的插头。pull是动词，意为“拔掉”，pull the plug：拔掉插头，符合句意。故选C项。 7. 考查形容词。句意：限制你的孩子遭受的虚拟暴力的数量。virtual是形容词，意为“虚拟的”，它修饰名词violence作定语，符合句意。故选B项。 8. 考查形容词。句意：对孩子的期望要合理。reasonable是形容词，意为“合理的”，该句子使用了“keep+宾语（名词）+宾语补足语（形容词）”结构，reasonable作宾语补足语，符合句意。故选H项。 9. 考查名词。句意：它将帮助你应对自己的焦虑，为你的孩子提供一个好的榜样。model是名词，意为“榜样”，作动词provide的宾语，符合句意。故选I项。 10. 考查动词。句意：但它并不一定会毁掉你的生活。ruin是及物动词，意为“破坏，毁坏”。ruin your life：破坏你的生活。符合句意。故选K项。 五、阅读理解　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A篇 We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact — looking into someone’s eyes — in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means“yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite (相反的) meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 1. According to Paragraph 1, how can we learn about other people’s feelings? A. By only listening to their words. B. By watching their body language. C. By asking them directly. D. By ignoring their hand movements. 2. In which country is the “OK” gesture considered impolite? A. Japan B. France C. Brazil D. Russia 3. In Bulgaria, if people want to say “yes”, they ________. A. nod their head B. shake their head C. kiss each other D. wave their hand 4. What is the main purpose of smiling according to the passage? A. It only means happiness. B. It can be used in many situations. C. It is a sign of weakness. D. It is not common in some cultures. 【答案】1. B     2. C     3. B     4. B      【解析】本文介绍肢体语言存在文化差异，眼神、手势在不同国家意义不同，但部分肢体语言全球通用，微笑更是拥有多种多样的社交功能。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.(通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以了解到他们内心的想法)”可知，通过观察肢体语言可以了解他人的感受。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.(然而，你应避免在巴西和德国做出这个手势，因为这被认为是不礼貌的)”可知，在巴西“OK”手势被视为不礼貌。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite (相反的) meaning.(相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这些手势的含义恰恰相反)”可知，多数国家点头是是、摇头是否；保加利亚含义相反，表达“是”要摇头，表达“否”要点头。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling.(一些肢体语言有多种不同的用途，或许最典型的例子就是微笑)”可知，微笑可以在许多场合中使用。 B篇 I come from a mountainous land where Tajik is my native tongue. I learned Russian and English, but Chinese seemed unclimbable. When I arrived in Hangzhou, I could recognize characters but could hardly speak. I was quiet, tentative, anxious about making mistakes. Motivation? It wasn’t enough. What I lacked was “structure”. One afternoon I attended a poetry recital. I heard Chinese verses, felt their rhythm, and realized that I needed more than words; I needed a “structure”. I designed my own daily plan — write 25 Chinese characters every day, about two hours each session; play soft piano melodies in the background to make study calm and avoid stress; tell myself, “Don’t be afraid of making mistakes — just start.” Soon, mistakes felt less scary. I remembered how as a child I learned to speak my first words, stumbling and falling, but trying again and again. My teacher’s words echoed, “Fear of mistakes prevents learning”. That structured habit made learning Chinese feel less like a chore and more like a part of me. In Hangzhou, I joined in cultural events. Once, teaching children English, I sang with my guitar. As they smiled and sang along, I saw myself in their eyes — once fearful, but persevering. This experience ultimately transformed more than just my language skills — it taught me patience, empathy, and the true value of cultural exchange. Now, I no longer translate in my head; I laugh and dream directly in Chinese. I have come to understand that language is far more than a tool — it is an entirely new lens through which to see life. So, if you are learning a new language, do not wait for motivation to find you. Build your own “structure”, immerse yourself in the culture, and dare to speak your truth. 1. What does the underlined word “structure” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Playing piano melodies. B. Memorizing more words. C. Attending a poetry recital. D. Making a regular study plan. 2. Why did the author see himself in the children’s eyes? A. They were faced with the same fear. B. They shared similar learning experiences. C. The children taught him some core values. D. The children reminded him of his childhood. 3. What does the author think of language as? A. A way of having fun. B. A shortcut to success. C. A window into the world. D. A tool for earning a bread. 4. What can we conclude from the author’s experience? A. Language learning requires patience. B. One should avoid mistakes in learning. C. Proper methods count in language learning. D. Cultural exchange is a must to master Chinese. 【答案】1. D     2. B     3. C     4. C      【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者初学中文时缺乏方法，后通过制定学习计划、克服恐惧，不仅掌握了中文，还收获了耐心与共情，明白了恰当方法对语言学习的重要性。 1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“What I lacked was “structure”.(我缺少的是“structure”。)”以及第二段“I designed my own daily plan—write 25 Chinese characters every day, about two hours each session.(我制定了自己的每日计划 —— 每天写25个汉字，每次学习大约两小时。)”可知，structure指的是制定规律的学习计划。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段“As they smiled and sang along, I saw myself in their eyes — once fearful, but persevering.(当孩子们微笑着跟着唱歌时，我在他们眼中看到了自己 —— 曾经恐惧，但一直坚持。)”可知，作者在孩子眼中看到自己，是因为和孩子们有着相似的学习经历。故选B项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第五段“I have come to understand that language is far more than a tool — it is an entirely new lens through which to see life.(我逐渐明白，语言远不止是一种工具，它是看待生活的全新视角。)”可知，作者把语言看作看待世界的一扇窗。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“What I lacked was “structure”(我所缺少的是“体系”。)”和最后一段“So, if you are learning a new language, do not wait for motivation to find you. Build your own “structure”, immerse yourself in the culture, and dare to speak your truth.(所以，如果你正在学习一门新语言，不要等动力主动找上门。打造属于你自己的学习体系，沉浸在相关文化里，勇敢说出你的真实想法。)”可知，恰当的方法对语言学习至关重要。故选C项。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $