精品解析：广东深圳市龙岗区多校联考2026—2027学年八年级英语（上册）学科素养形成练习 练习二（期中练习）Unit 1—Unit 4

2026—2027学年八年级英语（上册）学科素养形成练习 练习二（期中练习） Unit 1—Unit 4 （满分：75分） Ⅰ. 完形填空 （10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 When we think about modern technology, we often think about mobile phones, laptops and apps. However, these things depend on a much ___1___ invention: the microchip. One important person in the ___2___ of this technology was Jack Kilby, an American engineer and inventor. Jack Kilby was born in 1923. When he was young, he was interested in electronic things and ___3___ finding out how they worked. Later, he became a(n) ___4___ in electronics. In the 1950s, computers were very large and expensive. They depended on many separate electronic parts, so they were ___5___ to build and use. Kilby wanted to find a better way. In 1958, he made a major ___6___. He created one of the first working integrated circuits (集成电路), which put several electronic parts together on a tiny piece of material. This idea became an important ___7___ for the microchip. Although his invention was tiny, it brought big ___8___ to the world. Later, microchips became smaller and more ___9___. They were used in computers, mobile phones, cars and many other electronic devices. They also helped make modern software and digital technology possible. Kilby won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his work. His story shows that a tiny invention can have a huge effect. ____10____, his work helped open the door to a new era of technology. 1. A. smaller B. heavier C. longer D. wider 2. A. future B. benefit C. effect D. development 3. A. enjoyed B. avoided C. noticed D. finished 4. A. visitor B. customer C. expert D. leader 5. A. expensive B. convenient C. difficult D. important 6. A. statement B. breakthrough C. prediction D. treatment 7. A. era B. software C. mixture D. basis 8. A. changes B. messages C. comments D. payments 9. A. central B. expensive C. powerful D. international 10. A. For instance B. Without doubt C. In person D. Of all time Ⅱ. 阅读理解（40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A Kongming lanterns are a traditional Chinese kind of lantern. They are usually made of thin paper and have a light frame (框架) and a small fire under them. When the air inside the lantern becomes hot, the lantern slowly rises into the sky. At night, many Kongming lanterns look like small, bright stars. The lanterns have a long history in China. They are named after Zhuge Liang, a famous man from the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang was also called Kongming. According to an old story, he used lanterns to send messages to his people. Later, people began to use them for other purposes. Today, people sometimes release Kongming lanterns during festivals and special events. Before releasing a lantern, people may write their wishes on it. They might wish for good health, happiness or success in the future. Then they light the small fire and let the lantern rise slowly. Watching it fly higher and higher can be an exciting experience. However, Kongming lanterns can also cause problems. After they go up into the sky, people cannot control where they come down. The hot lanterns may start fires, especially in dry places. They can also become rubbish in the place where they finally land. For this reason, people should think carefully before releasing Kongming lanterns. In some places, it is not allowed to release them. We can still enjoy this beautiful part of Chinese culture in safer ways, such as watching lantern shows or making paper lanterns by hand, or using electric lanterns instead. 11. What is a Kongming lantern usually made of? A. Thin paper. B. Light wood. C. Bright cloth. D. Strong plastic. 12. Why can a Kongming lantern rise into the sky? A. Because the wind pushes it upwards. B. Because the hot air inside makes it rise. C. Because the frame is very light and strong. D. Because people pull it up with a long string. 13. What did people traditionally use Kongming lanterns for, according to the old story? A. To guide travellers at night. B. To celebrate important festivals. C. To make wishes for their families. D. To send messages to other people. 14. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A. Why Kongming lanterns are becoming more popular. B. Why people should make Kongming lanterns by hand. C. Why releasing Kongming lanterns can be dangerous. D. Why electric lanterns are better than paper lanterns. 15. What does the writer suggest people do according to the passage? A. Enjoy traditional culture in safer ways. B. Make more Kongming lanterns for festivals. C. Release Kongming lanterns in dry places. D. Use paper lanterns instead of electric ones. B Guinness World Records is a famous book of world records. It started in 1955 and collects records about people, animals, places, buildings and many other things. Every year, people around the world try to break old records and set new ones. Some records are amazing, while others are simply fun and unusual. These remarkable records show us how interesting and wonderful our world can be. China has the longest high-speed railway network in the world. It is now more than 50,000 kilometres long. Before China built its large high-speed railway network, Japan was already famous for its Shinkansen. The first Shinkansen started running in 1964. Today, high-speed trains make travelling between cities faster and more convenient. The world’s fastest man is Usain Bolt from Jamaica. He ran 100 metres in just 9.58 seconds in 2009. China also has a great runner, Su Bingtian. He became the first Chinese athlete to reach the 100-metre final at the Olympic Games. His best time is 9.83 seconds. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. The lowest temperature ever recorded there was about –89.2°C in 1983. Mohe, in Heilongjiang Province, is the coldest place in China. It is known as the “North Pole of China”. In winter, the temperature there can fall below –40°C. People can enjoy the beautiful snow and ice, but they need to wear very warm clothes. The world’s tallest building is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. It is 828 metres tall. The world’s second-tallest building is Merdeka 118 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is 678.9 metres tall. Both buildings are more than 600 metres tall and are amazing examples of modern building design. 16. What does the underlined word “remarkable” in the first paragraph mean? A. Very unusual or special. B. Very large or expensive. C. Very old or traditional. D. Very easy or useful. 17. When did the first Shinkansen start running? A. In 1955. B. In 1964. C. In 1983. D. In 2009. 18. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Su Bingtian ran 100 metres in 9.58 seconds. B. Merdeka 118 is more than 700 metres tall. C. Mohe is known as the “North Pole of China”. D. The first Shinkansen started running in Dubai. 19. How much taller is the Burj Khalifa than Merdeka 118? A. About 100 metres. B. About 120 metres. C. About 150 metres. D. About 180 metres. 20. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce several interesting world records. B. To explain how high-speed trains are built. C. To compare modern buildings in Asia and Europe. D. To encourage readers to break athletic records. C In October 2002, a British newspaper chose the “worst invention in human history”. The winner was something people use every day — the plastic bag. It may look small and useful, but it can cause many problems for people, animals and the environment. Plastic bags first appeared in the 1930s. Since then, plastic has become an important part of our daily lives. Today, many other things are also made of plastic, such as fast-food boxes, food packages, drinking cups, and yoghurt and ice-cream containers. We use them for a short time and then throw them away. Every day, huge amounts of plastic waste are produced. Plastic is light, but it takes up a lot of space. More importantly, it does not break down easily. As a result, plastic waste can stay in the environment for many years, making it very difficult to deal with. For example, plastic bags and boxes may be left on farms, along roads or in grass. Farm animals may eat them by mistake. The plastic can make the animals very sick and may even cause their death. Plastic waste can also be buried in the ground. However, land filled with plastic waste cannot be used easily for growing crops or trees. It can make the land hard and unhealthy. Burning plastic waste is not a good answer, either. When plastic is burned, it can produce harmful chemicals and poisonous gases. Some of these chemicals can seriously harm people’s health. What’s more, some chemicals used to make plastic products can damage people’s immune (免疫) systems and the natural environment. For these reasons, the plastic bag may really be one of the worst inventions in human history. 21. What does the underlined phrase “break down” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Become smaller. B. Move from one place to another. C. Become useful again. D. Change into natural materials. 22. Why is plastic waste difficult to deal with? A. Because it is too heavy to move. B. Because it is used in too many countries. C. Because it stays in the environment for a long time. D. Because it is made in different shapes and sizes. 23. What may happen when farm animals eat plastic bags or boxes? A. They may become sick. B. They may leave the farm. C. They may stop eating grass. D. They may damage the land. 24. What does the writer mainly tell us in paragraph 3? A. Burning plastic is an easy way to deal with waste. B. Plastic waste can make the land hard and unhealthy. C. Farmers should keep plastic away from their animals. D. Growing crops and trees can improve the natural environment. 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Plastic products are useful but can also cause serious problems. B. Plastic bags should be replaced because they are too expensive. C. People should stop using all plastic products in their daily lives. D. The best way to protect the environment is to burn less plastic waste. 以下是一则短文，请阅读全文，并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 The internet is an important part of our daily lives. ____26____ We can use it to find information and learn new things. We can also keep in touch with friends and family. We can watch videos, listen to music and buy things online. Today, we can even study on the internet. It helps us get information quickly. However, we need to use the internet carefully. First, we should not spend too much time online. ____27____ It may also stop us from getting enough sleep. So, we should take breaks. We should also spend time doing other things. For example, we can read books, play sports or talk with our family. Second, we should protect our personal information. ____28____ We should also keep our passwords (密码) safe. Never share them with other people. Third, not everything on the internet is true. Some information may be wrong. ____29____ We should check it before we believe or share it. We should also be kind to others. We should never say hurtful things online. The internet is a useful tool. ____30____ Then we can enjoy its good sides and stay away from its problems. A. We just need to use it wisely and safely. B. It makes our lives easier and more interesting. C. We can spend more time online when we have free time. D. Looking at a screen for too long may be bad for our eyes. E. We should think carefully when we read something online. F. We should not give our name, address or phone number to strangers online. 第三节 信息匹配 下面的材料A~F分别介绍了六种应用程序。请根据Ethan, Grace, Jason, Molly, Sam的需求选择最适合他们的应用程序，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 ____31____ Ethan often forgets to study for different subjects and needs help to make a study plan. ____32____ Grace enjoys reading and would like to find interesting books and write about what she thinks of them. ____33____ Jason wants to learn more English words and improve his spelling and pronunciation. ____34____ Molly wants to do more exercise and keep a record of how long she is active each day. ____35____ Sam wants to know about school clubs, activities, and important events. A. Study buddy With this app, students can make study plans and set goals for different subjects. It also reminds them when to study and helps them check their progress each week. B. Book world Reading becomes more interesting with this app. Students can find books for their age, read short introductions, and write down their thoughts about the stories they enjoy. C. School news This app keeps students up to date with what is happening at school. They can read about school activities, important notices, clubs, and events coming soon. D. Fit time Staying active is easier with this app. It gives students simple exercises and records how long they exercise each day. They can also choose activities they enjoy. E. Word master Learning English words can be more enjoyable with this app. Students can learn new words, play word games, and practise spelling and pronunciation in their free time. F. Homework helper Keeping track of homework is easier with this app. Students can write down what they need to do, check when their homework is due, and get reminders before important deadlines. Ⅲ. 语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My story began in 1973. I was very different from the phones people use today. I was big, heavy and not easy ____36____ (carry). An American engineer called Martin Cooper used a phone like me to make the ____37____ (one) mobile phone call. It was an important moment in my story. During the 1980s, I ____38____ (slow) became more popular. ____39____, I was still expensive, so only a small number of people could afford me. I was not very convenient either. People carried me in their hands or bags, and I took up quite a lot of space. In the 1990s, I changed a lot. I became smaller and ____40____ (cheap). I could also send short messages, so people could use me to talk to friends in ____41____ new way. More and more people started to have me. Then, in 2007, something important happened. The iPhone ____42____ (arrive). I had a touch screen and could connect to the internet. From then on, I was no longer just a phone. I became a small computer. Today, I can do many things. People use me to make calls, send messages, take ____43____ (photo), watch videos, listen to music, play games and use different apps. I am now an important part of everyday life. What will I be like ____44____ the future? Perhaps I will become smaller, smarter and more ____45____ (use). I can’t wait for this day to come! Ⅳ. 书面表达（15分） 46. 科技让我们的生活越来越方便，但生活中仍然有许多问题需要解决。请发挥你的想象，设计一项你希望出现的发明，并用英语完成一篇短文。 要点：1. 你想发明什么，它有什么特别之处； 2. 它可以做什么，能解决什么问题。 要求：1.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 2. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4. 80词左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026—2027学年八年级英语（上册）学科素养形成练习 练习二（期中练习） Unit 1—Unit 4 （满分：75分） Ⅰ. 完形填空 （10分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 When we think about modern technology, we often think about mobile phones, laptops and apps. However, these things depend on a much ___1___ invention: the microchip. One important person in the ___2___ of this technology was Jack Kilby, an American engineer and inventor. Jack Kilby was born in 1923. When he was young, he was interested in electronic things and ___3___ finding out how they worked. Later, he became a(n) ___4___ in electronics. In the 1950s, computers were very large and expensive. They depended on many separate electronic parts, so they were ___5___ to build and use. Kilby wanted to find a better way. In 1958, he made a major ___6___. He created one of the first working integrated circuits (集成电路), which put several electronic parts together on a tiny piece of material. This idea became an important ___7___ for the microchip. Although his invention was tiny, it brought big ___8___ to the world. Later, microchips became smaller and more ___9___. They were used in computers, mobile phones, cars and many other electronic devices. They also helped make modern software and digital technology possible. Kilby won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his work. His story shows that a tiny invention can have a huge effect. ____10____, his work helped open the door to a new era of technology. 1. A. smaller B. heavier C. longer D. wider 2. A. future B. benefit C. effect D. development 3. A. enjoyed B. avoided C. noticed D. finished 4. A. visitor B. customer C. expert D. leader 5. A. expensive B. convenient C. difficult D. important 6. A. statement B. breakthrough C. prediction D. treatment 7. A. era B. software C. mixture D. basis 8. A. changes B. messages C. comments D. payments 9. A. central B. expensive C. powerful D. international 10. A. For instance B. Without doubt C. In person D. Of all time 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国工程师和发明家杰克·基尔比（Jack Kilby）以及他发明的微芯片（集成电路）。这项微小的发明给世界带来了巨大的变化，为现代科技开辟了新纪元。 【1题详解】 句意：然而，这些东西依赖于一个更小的发明：微芯片。 根据“the microchip”可知，微芯片相比于手机、笔记本电脑等是体积更小的发明，smaller“更小的”符合。heavier“更重的”、longer“更长的”、wider“更宽的”，不符合。 【2题详解】 句意：这项技术发展过程中的一个重要人物是美国工程师和发明家杰克·基尔比。 杰克·基尔比的发明推动了这项技术的发展，development“发展”符合。future“未来”、benefit“益处”、effect“影响”，不符合。 【3题详解】 句意：当他年轻时，他对电子产品感兴趣，并且喜欢弄清楚它们是如何工作的。 根据“he was interested in electronic things”可知，他对电子产品感兴趣，因此是“喜欢”弄清楚它们的工作原理，enjoyed“喜欢，享受”符合。avoided“避免了”、noticed“注意到了”、finished“完成了”，不符合。 【4题详解】 句意：后来，他成为了电子领域的专家。 根据后文他发明了集成电路可知，他成为了该领域的专家，expert“专家”符合。visitor“参观者”、customer“顾客”、leader“领导者”，不符合。 【5题详解】 句意：它们依赖许多独立的电子零件，因此制造和使用起来很困难。 根据前文“computers were very large and expensive”以及“many separate electronic parts”可知，当时的计算机零件繁多且庞大，制造和使用起来十分困难，difficult“困难的”符合。expensive“昂贵的”、convenient“方便的”、important“重要的”，不符合。 【6题详解】 句意：1958年，他取得了一项重大突破。 根据后文“He created one of the first working integrated circuits”可知，他发明了集成电路，这是一项重大的技术突破，breakthrough“突破”符合。statement“陈述”、prediction“预测”、treatment“治疗”，不符合。 【7题详解】 句意：这个想法成为了微芯片的重要基础。 将多个电子零件放在一小块材料上的想法，为后来微芯片的出现奠定了基础，basis“基础”符合。era“时代”、software“软件”、mixture“混合物”，不符合。 【8题详解】 句意：虽然他的发明很微小，但它给世界带来了巨大的改变。 根据后文微芯片被广泛应用于各种现代电子设备可知，它给世界带来了巨大的改变，changes“变化”符合。messages“信息”、comments“评论”、payments“付款”，不符合。 【9题详解】 句意：后来，微芯片变得更小、更强大。 根据常识和后文“They were used in computers, mobile phones, cars and many other electronic devices.”可知，微芯片不仅体积变小，功能也变得更加强大，powerful“强大的”符合。central“中心的”、expensive“昂贵的”、international“国际的”，不符合。 【10题详解】 句意：毫无疑问，他的工作帮助开启了科技新时代的大门。 根据前文他获得了诺贝尔物理学奖以及他的发明产生的巨大影响可知，“毫无疑问”他的工作开启了科技新时代，Without doubt“毫无疑问”符合。For instance“例如”、In person“亲自”、Of all time“有史以来”，不符合。 Ⅱ. 阅读理解（40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1.5分） A Kongming lanterns are a traditional Chinese kind of lantern. They are usually made of thin paper and have a light frame (框架) and a small fire under them. When the air inside the lantern becomes hot, the lantern slowly rises into the sky. At night, many Kongming lanterns look like small, bright stars. The lanterns have a long history in China. They are named after Zhuge Liang, a famous man from the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang was also called Kongming. According to an old story, he used lanterns to send messages to his people. Later, people began to use them for other purposes. Today, people sometimes release Kongming lanterns during festivals and special events. Before releasing a lantern, people may write their wishes on it. They might wish for good health, happiness or success in the future. Then they light the small fire and let the lantern rise slowly. Watching it fly higher and higher can be an exciting experience. However, Kongming lanterns can also cause problems. After they go up into the sky, people cannot control where they come down. The hot lanterns may start fires, especially in dry places. They can also become rubbish in the place where they finally land. For this reason, people should think carefully before releasing Kongming lanterns. In some places, it is not allowed to release them. We can still enjoy this beautiful part of Chinese culture in safer ways, such as watching lantern shows or making paper lanterns by hand, or using electric lanterns instead. 11. What is a Kongming lantern usually made of? A. Thin paper. B. Light wood. C. Bright cloth. D. Strong plastic. 12. Why can a Kongming lantern rise into the sky? A. Because the wind pushes it upwards. B. Because the hot air inside makes it rise. C. Because the frame is very light and strong. D. Because people pull it up with a long string. 13. What did people traditionally use Kongming lanterns for, according to the old story? A. To guide travellers at night. B. To celebrate important festivals. C. To make wishes for their families. D. To send messages to other people. 14. What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last two paragraphs? A. Why Kongming lanterns are becoming more popular. B. Why people should make Kongming lanterns by hand. C. Why releasing Kongming lanterns can be dangerous. D. Why electric lanterns are better than paper lanterns. 15. What does the writer suggest people do according to the passage? A. Enjoy traditional culture in safer ways. B. Make more Kongming lanterns for festivals. C. Release Kongming lanterns in dry places. D. Use paper lanterns instead of electric ones. 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统孔明灯的构造、升空原理、历史起源与用途，同时说明了施放孔明灯带来的安全隐患与环境问题，倡导人们以更安全的方式体验这一传统文化。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。文章第1段提到“They are usually made of thin paper and have a light frame (框架) and a small fire under them.”，孔明灯通常由薄纸制成。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。文章第1段提到“When the air inside the lantern becomes hot, the lantern slowly rises into the sky.”，孔明灯能升空是因为内部的热空气使其上升。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。文章第2段提到“According to an old story, he used lanterns to send messages to his people.”，古老故事记载，传统上孔明灯被用来给人们传递信息。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第4段提到“However, Kongming lanterns can also cause problems. After they go up into the sky, people cannot control where they come down. The hot lanterns may start fires, especially in dry places. They can also become rubbish in the place where they finally land.”和第5段“For this reason, people should think carefully before releasing Kongming lanterns.”，最后两段围绕施放孔明灯的危险性展开，解释了危险的原因并给出相关提醒。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。文章第5段提到“We can still enjoy this beautiful part of Chinese culture in safer ways, such as watching lantern shows or making paper lanterns by hand, or using electric lanterns instead.”，作者建议人们以更安全的方式享受传统文化。 B Guinness World Records is a famous book of world records. It started in 1955 and collects records about people, animals, places, buildings and many other things. Every year, people around the world try to break old records and set new ones. Some records are amazing, while others are simply fun and unusual. These remarkable records show us how interesting and wonderful our world can be. China has the longest high-speed railway network in the world. It is now more than 50,000 kilometres long. Before China built its large high-speed railway network, Japan was already famous for its Shinkansen. The first Shinkansen started running in 1964. Today, high-speed trains make travelling between cities faster and more convenient. The world’s fastest man is Usain Bolt from Jamaica. He ran 100 metres in just 9.58 seconds in 2009. China also has a great runner, Su Bingtian. He became the first Chinese athlete to reach the 100-metre final at the Olympic Games. His best time is 9.83 seconds. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. The lowest temperature ever recorded there was about –89.2°C in 1983. Mohe, in Heilongjiang Province, is the coldest place in China. It is known as the “North Pole of China”. In winter, the temperature there can fall below –40°C. People can enjoy the beautiful snow and ice, but they need to wear very warm clothes. The world’s tallest building is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. It is 828 metres tall. The world’s second-tallest building is Merdeka 118 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is 678.9 metres tall. Both buildings are more than 600 metres tall and are amazing examples of modern building design. 16. What does the underlined word “remarkable” in the first paragraph mean? A. Very unusual or special. B. Very large or expensive. C. Very old or traditional. D. Very easy or useful. 17. When did the first Shinkansen start running? A. In 1955. B. In 1964. C. In 1983. D. In 2009. 18. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Su Bingtian ran 100 metres in 9.58 seconds. B. Merdeka 118 is more than 700 metres tall. C. Mohe is known as the “North Pole of China”. D. The first Shinkansen started running in Dubai. 19. How much taller is the Burj Khalifa than Merdeka 118? A. About 100 metres. B. About 120 metres. C. About 150 metres. D. About 180 metres. 20. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce several interesting world records. B. To explain how high-speed trains are built. C. To compare modern buildings in Asia and Europe. D. To encourage readers to break athletic records. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍《吉尼斯世界纪录》，并列举了高铁、短跑、低温地区、高楼几项有趣的世界纪录。 【16题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Some records are amazing, while others are simply fun and unusual. These remarkable records show us how interesting and wonderful our world can be”可知，前文提到一些纪录令人惊叹、新奇特别，remarkable用来修饰这些纪录，表达非同寻常、特别的含义。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第一栏中“The first Shinkansen started running in 1964”可知，第一条新干线1964年投入运营。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格第三栏中“Mohe, in Heilongjiang Province, is the coldest place in China. It is known as the "North Pole of China”可知，漠河被称为“中国北极”。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格最后一栏中“It is 828 metres tall. It is 678.9 metres tall”，计算828−678.9≈149.1米，大约150米。 【20题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕吉尼斯世界纪录，分别介绍了几项有趣的世界纪录；A选项“To introduce several interesting world records（介绍几项有趣的世界纪录）”符合主旨。 C In October 2002, a British newspaper chose the “worst invention in human history”. The winner was something people use every day — the plastic bag. It may look small and useful, but it can cause many problems for people, animals and the environment. Plastic bags first appeared in the 1930s. Since then, plastic has become an important part of our daily lives. Today, many other things are also made of plastic, such as fast-food boxes, food packages, drinking cups, and yoghurt and ice-cream containers. We use them for a short time and then throw them away. Every day, huge amounts of plastic waste are produced. Plastic is light, but it takes up a lot of space. More importantly, it does not break down easily. As a result, plastic waste can stay in the environment for many years, making it very difficult to deal with. For example, plastic bags and boxes may be left on farms, along roads or in grass. Farm animals may eat them by mistake. The plastic can make the animals very sick and may even cause their death. Plastic waste can also be buried in the ground. However, land filled with plastic waste cannot be used easily for growing crops or trees. It can make the land hard and unhealthy. Burning plastic waste is not a good answer, either. When plastic is burned, it can produce harmful chemicals and poisonous gases. Some of these chemicals can seriously harm people’s health. What’s more, some chemicals used to make plastic products can damage people’s immune (免疫) systems and the natural environment. For these reasons, the plastic bag may really be one of the worst inventions in human history. 21. What does the underlined phrase “break down” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Become smaller. B. Move from one place to another. C. Become useful again. D. Change into natural materials. 22. Why is plastic waste difficult to deal with? A. Because it is too heavy to move. B. Because it is used in too many countries. C. Because it stays in the environment for a long time. D. Because it is made in different shapes and sizes. 23. What may happen when farm animals eat plastic bags or boxes? A. They may become sick. B. They may leave the farm. C. They may stop eating grass. D. They may damage the land. 24. What does the writer mainly tell us in paragraph 3? A. Burning plastic is an easy way to deal with waste. B. Plastic waste can make the land hard and unhealthy. C. Farmers should keep plastic away from their animals. D. Growing crops and trees can improve the natural environment. 25. What can we learn from the passage? A. Plastic products are useful but can also cause serious problems. B. Plastic bags should be replaced because they are too expensive. C. People should stop using all plastic products in their daily lives. D. The best way to protect the environment is to burn less plastic waste. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料袋被评为“人类历史上最糟糕的发明”的原因，阐述了塑料难以分解的特性及其对动物、土地和人类健康造成的严重危害。 【21题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“More importantly, it does not break down easily. As a result, plastic waste can stay in the environment for many years”可知，塑料不容易分解，能够长期留在环境里，这里的break down指（物质）分解、转化为自然界原本的物质。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As a result, plastic waste can stay in the environment for many years, making it very difficult to deal with”可知，塑料垃圾会在环境中留存很长时间，所以很难处理； 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Farm animals may eat them by mistake. The plastic can make the animals very sick and may even cause their death”可知，动物误食塑料后会生病； 【24题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Plastic waste can also be buried in the ground. However, land filled with plastic waste cannot be used easily for growing crops or trees. It can make the land hard and unhealthy”可知，本段重点说明塑料垃圾会让土地板结、不宜耕种。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It may look small and useful, but it can cause many problems for people, animals and the environment”以及全文内容可知，塑料制品有用，但同时也会带来严重问题。 以下是一则短文，请阅读全文，并从下列的六个句子中选择五个还原到原文中，使原文的意思完整、连贯。 The internet is an important part of our daily lives. ____26____ We can use it to find information and learn new things. We can also keep in touch with friends and family. We can watch videos, listen to music and buy things online. Today, we can even study on the internet. It helps us get information quickly. However, we need to use the internet carefully. First, we should not spend too much time online. ____27____ It may also stop us from getting enough sleep. So, we should take breaks. We should also spend time doing other things. For example, we can read books, play sports or talk with our family. Second, we should protect our personal information. ____28____ We should also keep our passwords (密码) safe. Never share them with other people. Third, not everything on the internet is true. Some information may be wrong. ____29____ We should check it before we believe or share it. We should also be kind to others. We should never say hurtful things online. The internet is a useful tool. ____30____ Then we can enjoy its good sides and stay away from its problems. A. We just need to use it wisely and safely. B. It makes our lives easier and more interesting. C. We can spend more time online when we have free time. D. Looking at a screen for too long may be bad for our eyes. E. We should think carefully when we read something online. F. We should not give our name, address or phone number to strangers online. 【答案】26. B 27. D 28. F 29. E 30. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍互联网的用处以及安全使用网络的几条注意事项。 【26题详解】 空格前提到互联网是我们日常生活中重要的一部分，空格后介绍我们可以利用互联网查找信息、学习新知识等用途。B选项“It makes our lives easier and more interesting.”承接上文互联网的重要性，同时引出后文互联网的各类用处。 【27题详解】 空格前提到我们不应该花费过多时间上网，空格后介绍这也会让我们无法获得充足睡眠。D选项“Looking at a screen for too long may be bad for our eyes.”承接上文不要长时间上网的观点，同时引出长时间上网带来的其他危害。 【28题详解】 空格前提到我们应当保护个人信息，空格后介绍我们也要保证密码安全，绝不把密码分享给他人。F选项“We should not give our name, address or phone number to strangers online.”承接上文保护个人信息的话题，同时引出保护密码的相关做法。 【29题详解】 空格前提到网上的信息并不都是真实的，部分信息可能有误，空格后介绍我们在相信或者转发信息前应当核实。E选项“We should think carefully when we read something online.”承接上文网络信息真假难辨的情况，同时引出核实信息的要求。 【30题详解】 空格前提到互联网是一个有用的工具，空格后介绍这样我们就能享受它的好处，避开它的问题。A选项“We just need to use it wisely and safely.”承接上文互联网的价值，同时引出下文正确使用互联网带来的好处。 第三节 信息匹配 下面的材料A~F分别介绍了六种应用程序。请根据Ethan, Grace, Jason, Molly, Sam的需求选择最适合他们的应用程序，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 ____31____ Ethan often forgets to study for different subjects and needs help to make a study plan. ____32____ Grace enjoys reading and would like to find interesting books and write about what she thinks of them. ____33____ Jason wants to learn more English words and improve his spelling and pronunciation. ____34____ Molly wants to do more exercise and keep a record of how long she is active each day. ____35____ Sam wants to know about school clubs, activities, and important events. A. Study buddy With this app, students can make study plans and set goals for different subjects. It also reminds them when to study and helps them check their progress each week. B. Book world Reading becomes more interesting with this app. Students can find books for their age, read short introductions, and write down their thoughts about the stories they enjoy. C. School news This app keeps students up to date with what is happening at school. They can read about school activities, important notices, clubs, and events coming soon. D. Fit time Staying active is easier with this app. It gives students simple exercises and records how long they exercise each day. They can also choose activities they enjoy. E. Word master Learning English words can be more enjoyable with this app. Students can learn new words, play word games, and practise spelling and pronunciation in their free time. F. Homework helper Keeping track of homework is easier with this app. Students can write down what they need to do, check when their homework is due, and get reminders before important deadlines. 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. E 34. D 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了五位学生在学习和生活方面的不同需求，以及六款应用程序的功能特点，要求将人物与适合的应用程序进行匹配。 【31题详解】 根据左侧对Ethan的介绍，“Ethan often forgets to study for different subjects and needs help to make a study plan.”（Ethan经常忘记为不同科目开展学习，需要帮助制定学习计划。）A应用（Study buddy）可以让学生制定学习计划、设定目标，并提醒他们何时学习，与他的需求匹配。 【32题详解】 根据左侧对Grace的介绍，“Grace enjoys reading and would like to find interesting books and write about what she thinks of them.”（Grace喜欢阅读，想找有趣的书并写下自己的想法。）B应用（Book world）可以让学生找到适合他们年龄的书籍，写下对故事的感想，与她的需求匹配。 【33题详解】 根据左侧对Jason的介绍，“Jason wants to learn more English words and improve his spelling and pronunciation.”（Jason想学习更多英语单词，提高拼写和发音。）E应用（Word master）可以帮助学习新单词、玩单词游戏，并练习拼写和发音，与他的需求匹配。 【34题详解】 根据左侧对Molly的介绍，“Molly wants to do more exercise and keep a record of how long she is active each day.”（Molly想多做运动，并记录她每天活动多长时间。）D应用（Fit time）提供简单的锻炼，并记录每天锻炼的时长，与她的需求匹配。 【35题详解】 根据左侧对Sam的介绍，“Sam wants to know about school clubs, activities, and important events.”（Sam想了解学校社团、活动和重要事件。）C应用（School news）让学生了解学校发生的事情，如学校活动、重要通知、社团和即将到来的事件，与他的需求匹配。 Ⅲ. 语法填空（10分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 My story began in 1973. I was very different from the phones people use today. I was big, heavy and not easy ____36____ (carry). An American engineer called Martin Cooper used a phone like me to make the ____37____ (one) mobile phone call. It was an important moment in my story. During the 1980s, I ____38____ (slow) became more popular. ____39____, I was still expensive, so only a small number of people could afford me. I was not very convenient either. People carried me in their hands or bags, and I took up quite a lot of space. In the 1990s, I changed a lot. I became smaller and ____40____ (cheap). I could also send short messages, so people could use me to talk to friends in ____41____ new way. More and more people started to have me. Then, in 2007, something important happened. The iPhone ____42____ (arrive). I had a touch screen and could connect to the internet. From then on, I was no longer just a phone. I became a small computer. Today, I can do many things. People use me to make calls, send messages, take ____43____ (photo), watch videos, listen to music, play games and use different apps. I am now an important part of everyday life. What will I be like ____44____ the future? Perhaps I will become smaller, smarter and more ____45____ (use). I can’t wait for this day to come! 【答案】36. to carry 37. first 38. slowly 39. However 40. cheaper 41. a 42. arrived 43. photos 44. in 45. useful 【解析】 【导语】本文以第一人称（手机的视角）讲述了手机从1973年诞生到现在的演变历程，包括体积庞大、价格昂贵到逐渐普及、功能增多，再到智能手机时代的到来。最后展望了未来手机将变得更小巧、更智能、更有用。 【36题详解】 句意：我又大又重，不容易携带。“be+adj.+to do”结构中，用不定式表示被动含义，意为“不容易被携带”，carry的不定式是to carry。 【37题详解】 句意：一位名叫马丁·库珀的美国工程师用一部像我的手机拨打了第一通移动电话。表示“第一通”，用序数词first，修饰mobile phone call，故填first。 【38题详解】 句意：在20世纪80年代，我慢慢地变得更受欢迎。修饰动词became用副词，slow的副词形式是slowly。 【39题详解】 句意：然而，我仍然很贵，所以只有少数人买得起我。前后句是转折关系，“更受欢迎”与“仍然很贵”形成对比，用连词副词however，句首首字母大写，故填However。 【40题详解】 句意：我变得更小、更便宜。与前面的smaller并列，且暗含与过去相比，用比较级。cheap的比较级是cheaper。 【41题详解】 句意：所以人们可以用一种新方式与朋友交谈。way是可数名词单数，且new以辅音音素/n/开头，表示“一种新方式”，用不定冠词a。 【42题详解】 句意：iPhone问世了。描述过去发生的事情（in 2007提示过去时），用动词的过去式，arrive的过去式是arrived。 【43题详解】 句意：人们用我打电话、发信息、拍照、看视频、听音乐、玩游戏和使用不同的应用程序。photo是可数名词，此处表示“拍照”这一泛指的动作，用复数形式photos。 【44题详解】 句意：在未来我会是什么样子？in the future是固定搭配，意为“在未来”，故填in。 【45题详解】 句意：也许我会变得更小、更智能、更有用。与smaller, smarter并列，且暗含比较含义，use的形容词形式是useful，其比较级是more useful，故填useful。 Ⅳ. 书面表达（15分） 46. 科技让我们的生活越来越方便，但生活中仍然有许多问题需要解决。请发挥你的想象，设计一项你希望出现的发明，并用英语完成一篇短文。 要点：1. 你想发明什么，它有什么特别之处； 2. 它可以做什么，能解决什么问题。 要求：1.要点齐全，可适当发挥； 2. 条理清楚，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名； 4. 80词左右。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 范文： Nowadays, technology makes life convenient, but some problems remain. I want to invent a special smart schoolbag. It looks common but is very light. It can fly to school with me every day. If I feel tired, it can walk by itself. Also, it helps me find books quickly so I won’t be late. This invention can solve the problem of heavy schoolbags. It will make students’ lives much easier and safer. I hope my dream will come true in the near future. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意］ 确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：发明物及特别之处、功能及能解决的问题 确定人称：第一人称 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称；词数80左右；语句连贯，条理清楚 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，指出科技带来便利但仍有问题，引出想发明的物品 主体段：介绍发明物的特别之处、主要功能及能解决的问题 结尾段：表达希望发明成真，升华主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：发明物及特别之处 发明物选择：smart schoolbag/smart robot/smart umbrella/smart glasses等 特别之处：looks common/is very light/be easy to carry/be powered by solar energy/be friendly to the environment等 描述句：It looks common but is very light./It is special because it can work by itself.等 要点二：功能及解决问题 功能：fly to school/walk by itself/find books quickly/clean the room/remind me to do homework/save time等 解决问题：solve the problem of heavy schoolbags/make students’ lives easier and safer/help students save time/keep the environment clean等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $