人教版英语九年级上册Unit5 SectionA Grammar Focus课件

What changes can inventions bring to our lives? Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section A Grammar Focus 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。 English is spoken by many people. An apple was eaten by him. Many people speak English. He ate an apple. 主语是动作的执行者 主语是动作的承受者 主动语态 被动语态 Observe and say 1. A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. 2. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 3. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. 4. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice. 4a 一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+动词的过去分词 含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词 被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+动词的过去分词 Observe and learn be动词有人称、数和时态的变化 、 被动语态the passive voice定义 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系：主语是谓语动作的承受者。 当我们认为执行动作的人是谁并不重要，反而是“接受动作”的人或物值得被强调时，我们就会用“被动语态”来凸显“被执行动作”的人或物。 一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词by引出。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 、 强调动作的承受者 This house was built in 1990. 这座房子建于1990年。 (强调的是“房子”被建造) The window was broken last night.昨晚窗户被打碎了。 (强调的是“窗户”被打破) 什么时候要使用被动语态 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者 My bike was stolen yesterday.我的自行车昨天被偷了。 (不知道是谁偷的) The meeting room is cleaned every morning. 会议室每天早上都会被打扫。 (重点是“会议室被打扫” ，无须指出是谁打扫的) 、 动作的发出者是物而不是人 The roof was blown off by the strong wind. 屋顶被强风吹走了。 (the strong wind是动作的发出者，但无主观意愿) The city was destroyed by the earthquake.城市被地震摧毁了。 (the earthquake是动作的发出者，但无主观意愿) 用于客观、正式的文体(如：科技文章、新闻报道、官方文件、说明书等)，以显得客观中立 Samples were heated to 100℃ for one hour. 样本被加热至100摄氏度，持续了一小时。 (标准实验步骤描述，聚焦于样本承受的动作) Several arrests were made following last night’s protests. 在昨晚的抗议活动后，实施了数次逮捕。 (客观报道事件结果，不指明执行者，符合新闻报道的中立原则) 4. These radios are still used by old people. 3. Many new inventions are used in our daily lives. 1.I am often asked about my favorite invention. 房间每天都被打扫。 许多新发明被应用在我们的日常生活中。 2. The room is cleaned every day. 我经常被问到我最喜欢的发明是什么。 这些收音机仍然被老人们使用。 主语 am/is/are 动词的过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态 结构 1. 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). 这些角色被全世界的人们喜爱。 这份工作并不总被大多数人理解。 The characters are loved by people all over the world. This job is not always understood by most people. 句式 2. 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). 3. 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)? 这些动画角色被孩子们熟知吗？ 这部经典动画在哪里放映？ Are these animated characters known by children? Where is this classic animation shown? 4. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + am/is/are (+主语) + 动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)? 主动语态变被动语态 主动语态 My mother waters the flowers every morning. 被动语态 第1步：主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语(代词要用主格)。 The flowers are watered 第2步：主动语态的谓语动词变成“am/is/are + 动词的过去分词”形式。 by my mother 第3步：主动语态的主语变成“by+动作执行者”放在主谓结构后面 (有时可省略)。 every morning. 第4步：其他成分抄下来。 主语 宾语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 1.English_____________ (use)as a foreign language in our country. 2.Flowers _________ （grow）in the park. 3.He ___________ (not allow)to go out with his friends on weekends. 4.When _____ they ________ (invite) to come here? 用所给词的正确形式填空。 is used are grown isn’t allowed are invited Exercise 肯定句: 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). I was praised by the teacher. 2. 否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者). The windows were not broken by him. 我被老师表扬了。 窗户不是被他打破的。 一般过去时的被动语态 2. Many new inventions were developed because of the radio. 1.The first 3D printer was created in the 1980s. 主语 was/were 动词的过去分词 结构 3. 一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)? — Was your homework finished yesterday? — Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)? — When was the company founded? — Two years ago. —你昨天完成作业了吗？ —是的，完成了。/ 不，没有完成。 —这家公司是什么时候成立的？ —两年前。 The house can be made by 3D printer. The house can not be made by 3D printer. Can the house be made by 3D printer? What can be made by 3D printer? 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 含有情态动词的被动语态的句式结构 主语+ 情态动词 +be +done（ +by… ）. 主语+ 情态动词 +not +be+done（ +by... ）. 情态动词 +主语+be+done（ +by ...）？ 疑问词 +情态动词 + be+done (+ by + 动作执行者)? 按要求完成句子（每空一词） 1. People plant millions of trees in this area every spring. (改为被动语态) Millions of trees ______ ______ in this area every spring. 2. Workers built this bridge in less than two years. (改为被动语态) This bridge ______ ______ in less than two years. 3. We should take good care of the public facilities. (改为被动语态) The public facilities should ______ ______ ______ ______ ________ . 4. The room is used to store old books and magazines. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ the room ______ ______ ______? 5. Did they invent the first digital camera in Japan? (改为被动语态的一般疑问句) ______ the first digital camera ________ in Japan? are planted was built be taken good care of What is used to do Was invented Exercise Presentation 4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1.The telephone ____________ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. 2.People all over the world ____________ (connect) to each other through the internet. 3.The word “robot” ____________ (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. 4.It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button ____________ (press) to start the machine. 5.It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel ____________ (find) in Eastern Europe. was invented are connected was introduced was pressed was found 应该做某事 人们相信 Read and complete 、 1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。 e.g.We must listen to the teacher carefully. →____________________________________  . 介词“off, to”不能去掉。 The teacher must be listened to carefully e.g. They put off the sports meeting because of the weather. → The sports meeting was put off because of the weather by them. 主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 、 2. 主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词make / let / have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式标志to。 e.g. The boss lets the workers work 10 hours a day. →The workers ___________ work 10 hours a day by the boss. 变为被动 语态时必须 加上“to” are let to e.g. I saw him leave the room. → He was seen to leave the room. 、 3. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。 “An e-dictionary”作主语，“me”前保留“to” e.g. My father gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. → I was given an e-dictionary by my father yesterday. → An e-dictionary was given to me by my fatheryesterday. e.g. He bought me a book. →I _________________ by him. →A book ________________ by him. was bought a book was bought for me A book作主语，“me”前加“for” 、 常见系动词：be, become, seem, appear, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, remain, stay, keep等。 4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词没有被动语态。 e.g. The meeting took place yesterday. He fell asleep during the movie. 常见不及物动词/短语：appear(出现), arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, lie(躺) , occur, rise, sit, sleep, stand, stay, take place, break out, come true, run out, take off等. His dream came true after many years. The accident happened last weekend. 、 5. 主动表被动的特殊情况 1. be worth + doing（值得做某事） 2. sell/wash/write + 副词（好卖/好洗、好写等） 3. sth. needs doing (某事需要被做) This kind of skirt sells well here. The pen writes smoothly. e.g. The book is worth reading. The car needs repairing(修理). Presentation 1. Great changes _________ (take) place in our town these years. 2. A nice gift _________ (give) to me by my grandpa last birthday. 3. This magazine _________ (sell) very well all over the world. 4. Many trees _________ (plant) every spring in our school. 5. The news __________ (appear) on TV yesterday afternoon. have taken was given sells are planted appeared Read and fill 用所给词的正确形式填空。 Presentation 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It ____________ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas ____________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes ____________ (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to ____________ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges ____________ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and ____________ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway has ____________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help ____________ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. connects were needed were used be created were built allow increased (to) improve Read and complete Presentation 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It ____________ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas ____________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes ____________ (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to ____________ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges ____________ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and ____________ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway has ____________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help ____________ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. connects were needed were used be created were built allow increased (to) improve Basic Information Building challenges & creative ideas Influence Read and analyze Read the passage and make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway Route Completed Distance Highest point: Special features: Xining to Lhasa in 2006 1,956 kilometres 5,072 metres the highest railway in the world Read and make Read again and complete the table. The Qinghai–Xizang Railway Challenges Solutions They needed to protect animals. The frozen ground melted in summer and was too soft to build on. Pipes were used to keep the ground hard. It was impossible to build on frozen ground in some places. Tunnels had to be created. Bridges were built for animals to pass under. Read and complete 1. What value does the Qinghai‑Xizang Railway have? 2. What can we learn from building the Qinghai‑Xizang Railway? Read the passage carefully and answer the questions. It has increased tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help improve transport in other similar places in the world. We can learn that Chinese people are creative, determined, and never give up in the face of challenges. Creative ideas can help us solve difficult problems. And we should protect nature while building projects. Read and answer be supposed to +动词原形: 应该；按理应当；按预期应当。习语化的被动形式。常用于表示按照规定、习俗、安排、设计或他人期望应做某事。 You are supposed to bring a small gift when you visit a friend. 1. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button was pressed to start the machine. 当按下按钮启动机器时，它本不该发出这么大的噪音。 Language points 2) 学生不应该在课堂上使用手机 1)拜访朋友时，你应该带一份小礼物。 Students are not supposed to use phones in class. be supposed to be+名词/形容词/介词短语 后面不是动作，是身份、状态、属性 be supposed to be +名词（理应是...） You are supposed to be a monitor. be supposed to be +形容词（应该是...的状态) The room is supposed to be quiet. be supposed to be +地点 They are supposed to be at school now. 2. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel was found in Eastern Europe. 人们认为世界上最古老的轮子是在东欧被发现的。 It is believed that… 人们认为/相信……。常用的被动语态惯用句式。 It is +动词的过去分词+that从句，意为：人们...;据... It is believed that hard work leads to success. 人们相信努力带来成功。 It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is hoped that… 人们希望…… It is well known that...众所周知 It is said that he will come to our school tomorrow. 据说他明天会来我们学校。 It is reported that this book is very popular. 据报道，这本书很受欢迎。 It is hoped that everyone can live a happy life. 人们希望每个人都能过上幸福的生活。 It is well known that the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 Presentation 句型转换（主动↔被动互换）。 People use wood to make many daily things.（改为被动语态） Wood ________ ________ to make many daily things by people. George Crum invented potato chips in 1853.（改为被动语态） Potato chips ________ ________ by George Crum in 1853. My mom woke me up early this morning.（改为被动语态） I ________ ________ up by my mom early this morning. Workers build lots of modern apartments every year.（改为被动语态） Lots of modern apartments ________ ________ every year. The little boy made this model rocket last night.（改为被动语态） This model rocket ________ ________ by the little boy last night. is used were invented was woken are built was made Exercise Homework 基础作业 拓展作业 实践作业 完成本课重点单词的背诵与默写，并完成被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、情态动词被动）的单项填空和动词形式填空练习。 从本课 Grammar Focus 4a 的例句和 4c 的短文中，找出所有被动语态的句子，按“一般现在时被动” “一般过去时被动”“情态动词被动”三类分别抄写至少2个例句，并总结每种时态被动语态的结构规律。 选择一项中国的重要工程或发明（如青藏铁路、高铁、中国空间站等），用英文写一段60–80词的简介，说明其建造时间、用途及意义，其中至少使用3种不同时态的被动语态句子。 $