专题01 阅读理解--推理判断题考点归纳及专项训练 2027届高考英语一轮复习

专题01 阅读理解—推理判断题考点归纳及专项训练 专题导读 高考英语中的推理判断题是阅读理解部分的难点题型之一，要求考生基于文章信息进行合理推断，而非直接照搬原文内容。这类题目考查逻辑分析能力和深层理解能力，需要结合上下文、作者意图或隐含意义进行判断。 [2026・浙江 1 月考，B] When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade（劝阻）her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 2. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3. What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A. Make diet decisions on their own. B. Share their food with other kids. C. Eat up what is provided for them. D. Help their parents do the dishes. 4. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. [文章大意] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了父母在孩子饮食中的角色，提到了 “责任分工” 理论，建议父母提供健康食物并让孩子自行选择，同时强调避免过度讨论食物而带来的负面影响。 1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者童年时常听到 “不能吃某些食物，不然会变胖” 的警告，这让她很困扰。因此，她对女儿使用了截然不同的喂养方式，鼓励女儿吃健康的零食，少吃甜点，以避免给女儿造成困扰。故 B 选项 “她对 (父母) 喂养她的方式持批评态度。” 正确。应选 B 项。 2. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中 Charlotte Markey 教授的观点 “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them…” 可知，Markey 认为对于食物这个话题，父母不应过多讨论，否则会让孩子产生不必要的担忧和不安。因此，C 选项 “向孩子解释吃零食的风险。” 正是她所不赞成的做法。应选 C 项。 3. A 细节理解题。根据第三段中对 “Division of Responsibility” 理论的描述可知，Markey 教授建议父母为孩子提供健康食品，让孩子自己决定吃什么以及吃多少。故 A 选项 “让孩子自己做出饮食决策。” 是正确的。应选 A 项。 4. C 推理判断题。文章最后一段 “I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions.” 表明，当作者减少对孩子饮食的限制时，孩子们确实做出了更好的饮食选择。由此可推测，因为这些策略产生了积极效果，所以作者认为它们是可行的。故 C 选项 “可行的。” 正确。应选 C 项。 分析考向 一、推理判断题命题核心逻辑（题干定位→锁定原文相关信息→提取隐含逻辑（对比 / 因果 / 态度）→排除干扰项（无依据 / 反向 / 过度）→匹配唯一合理选项。） 题号 题干定位 推理过程 1 第一段 When I was a child, “You don’t want to get fat”, messed up my relationship with food, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth 作者童年因 “被限制饮食” 产生心理困扰→成年后刻意避免用同样的方式对待孩子→隐含对自身童年喂养方式的不满。选项 B (critical of the way she was fed) 与 “不满童年喂养方式” 的推理一致 2 第二段 saying less is more, creates some worries and insecurities Markey 认为 “少讨论食物” 更好，过度谈论会引发孩子焦虑→反对 “向孩子解释零食的风险”（属于对食物的过多讨论）。选项 C (explaining…risks of taking snacks) 与 “反对过多谈论食物” 的观点冲突 4 最后一段 I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions 作者实践后发现：减少限制时，孩子的饮食选择更合理→策略有积极效果。选项 C (workable 可行的) 与 “策略产生好结果” 的推理一致 二、推理判断题命题特点 特点 题号 推理过程 原文依据的 “隐含性” 1 原文未直接说 “作者批评童年喂养方式”，但通过 “messed up my relationship with food”（童年方式造成困扰）和 “careful not to…”（刻意改变方式），隐含对童年方式的否定，属于 “行为对比→态度推断” 推理路径的 “单向性” 2 Markey 的核心观点是 “少讨论食物”→直接推出 “反对解释零食风险”（属于 “讨论食物” 的行为），无需额外联想其他可能性。干扰项 A (允许偶尔吃饼干) 与原文 “even if that means occasionally eating more cookies” 一致，是 Markey 赞成的，故排除 选项设置的 “反推性” 4 选项 C (workable) 可被 “they do make better decisions” 反向验证 (策略有效→可行)；干扰项 A (costly 昂贵的)、B (complex 复杂的)、D (contradictory 矛盾的) 在原文中均无依据，无法被验证 与细节题的 “差异性” 3 细节题答案是原文信息的 “原词复现或同义替换”，而推理题答案是原文信息的 “逻辑延伸”。对比 3 题 (细节题)：“Division of Responsibility” 的内容在原文直接表述为 “kids themselves decide what and how much”，选项 A (Make diet decisions on their own.) 是同义替换 高考热考法1 隐含推断题——定位，分析，比较 典例剖析 [2025・全国一卷，D 节选] Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (Para.4) What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段 “Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.” 可知，减少微塑料接触是一项越来越困难的任务，科学家今年早些时候发现，瓶装水中的微塑料含量比最初认为的多10到1000倍。据此推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B项。 高考热考法2 观点态度题——根据褒贬词定态度 典例剖析 [2024・全国甲卷，C 节选] Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”(最后一段) What is Ducke’s attitude towards the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. [解析] 推理判断题。根据本段的 “‘I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,’ says Ducke. ‘They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.’” 可知，医生和他们的助手的工作给 Ducke 留下了深刻的印象，他认为他们的工作是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最佳机会。据此推断，Ducke 对 Saint Lukas 的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A项。 高考热考法3 写作意图题——根据主旨推断 典例剖析 [2024・新课标 Ⅱ 卷，D节选] Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design : A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (首段) AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.（尾段） What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honour an outstanding AI expert. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design : A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).” 和最后一段 “AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.” 可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著的 AI by Design : A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保AI安全发展，以防潜在危机，据此判断，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于AI的书。故选 A项。 高考热考法4 文章出处/类型题——利用文章体裁和文体特征 典例剖析 [2023・新高考全国 Ⅱ 卷，C 节选] Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. (Para.1) Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. ［解析］推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”及下文内容可知，本文主要是对于《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知，本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。 高考热考法5 推断特征题——抓关键点 典例剖析 [2024・新课标Ⅱ 卷，D节选] In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (Para.2) What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.”可知，坎贝尔从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，据此推断，它采用了务实的写作风格。down-to-earth意为“务实的，切合实际的”。故选B项。 高考热考法6 预测段落发展——锁定尾句巧判断 典例剖析 [2023・全国乙卷，C 节选] According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. (尾段) What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. ［解析］推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知，接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。 真题典例 A [2025・全国一卷，D] Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. [文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 1. C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中 “Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”(微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源 —— 它们出现在深海和喜马拉雅山上，嵌入火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内。) 可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选 C。 2. A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中 “Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate（碳酸钙）to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”(至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有 300 毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近 90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于 60 毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了 25% 的塑料含量。) 可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选 A。 3. B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中 “Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”(尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径 —— 这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出 10 到 1000 倍。) 可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选 B。 4. D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中 “‘The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,’ Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. ‘We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.’”(苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师 Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料。”) 可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用的，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选 D。 B [2024・新课标Ⅰ卷，D] In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favour certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased towards certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 5. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 6. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 7. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 8. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. [文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，当前利用技术手段进行生物采样的过程可能存在偏差。文章说明了造成这些偏差的原因，并在最后说明如何完善生物采样数据的科学性。 5. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中 “Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.” 可知，现在大多数生物多样性的记录通常是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。故选 B。 6. C 推理判断题。根据第二段中 “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens（标本）, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”（这些观察结果现在超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们能用吗？）和第四段 “‘We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias（使有偏差）data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’ said Daru.”（Daru 说：“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”）可知，Daru 的研究聚焦于观测数据。故选 C。 7. C 推理判断题。根据第四段 “‘…like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,’ said Daru.” 以及第五段 “Moreover, these data…species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.” 可知，收集生物采样数据的人，对于采集区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性，这会导致收集到的数据产生偏差。故选 C。 8. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 可知，Daru 认为生物多样性应用软件可以根据研究结果引导采样人员关注样本采集不足的地区和物种，鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片的物种名称。因此，Daru 建议生物多样性应用软件给公民科学家提供指导。故选 D。 重点词句回顾 A. 派生词 1. significantly adv. 显著地 2. remove v. 去除，去掉 3. observational adj. 观测的 4. imperfect adj. 5. identification n. 识别 B. 合成词 1. microplastic n. 微塑料 (前缀 micro-: 微小的) 2. intake n. 摄入量，吸入量 3. upgrade v. 升级 4. outnumber v. 数量多于；比……多 5. eye-catching adj. 引人注目的 6. oversampled adj. 过度采样的 7. upload v. 上传；上载 C. 熟词生义 1. settle (熟义) v. 定居；解决→(生义) v. 沉淀；积聚 (A, Para.1) 2. document (熟义) n. 文件→(生义) v. __________ (B, Para.1) D. 长难句分析 “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (B, Para.4) 【分析】这是一个包含直接引语的复合句，有多层修饰成分。句子主体为 “直接引语 + 主句 (主谓)”。直接引语是一个复合句，主句是 We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling; that tend to bias (使有偏差) data 为____________，修饰先行词 the aspects of sampling; 举例说明成分 like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it 中包含后置定语 of a citizen scientist and to take a picture of a flowering plant。 【译文】Daru说：“我们特别感兴趣的是探索那些倾向于使数据有偏差的采样方面，比如公民科学家更有可能给开花植物拍照，而不是旁边的草。” 派生词：4. 不完美的 熟词生义：2. 记载，记录 长难句分析：定语从句 模拟演练 A [2026・江苏南通高三三模] Growing up as a kid in the UK, I was fascinated by insects. Wanting to protect them, I started building little houses for ants, using little pieces of wood and leaves. I then moved on to making little cups and saucers from silver foil（箔纸）for the magic creatures that I thought lived at the bottom of the garden. When my mother saw my work, she told me that the smaller I made things, the bigger my name would become. As the years went by, my designs became more complicated. And I used many different materials, such as diamond fragments, eyelashes and even spider web threads. I sometimes work for 16 hours a day without breaks, and it takes me up to three months to finish a sculpture. I have to hold my breath during the sculpting process. It isn’t actually an easy process—but I can enjoy it once I’ve finished it. My sculptures have taken me to incredible places. In 2012, I met the queen and gave her a tiny crown on the head of a pin. In 2013, I received my first Guinness World Record for creating the smallest sculpture made by hand. It was a 24-carat gold motorbike that fitted inside a drilled out hair. In 2017, I beat my record with a sculpture of a human fetus（胎儿）that measured 0.078 mm by 0.053 mm. One time, a fly landed on a Cinderella carriage sculpture I was working on. The fly’s wings blew it away, and it was lost. I was heartbroken. Another time, I accidentally breathed in a microscopic Alice from Alice in Wonderland. Alice is now in Wonderland forever. But it did give me the chance to make an even better one the second time around. The microscopic world has always been my happy place. I’ve tried to make bigger sculptures, but small is best for me. We need to appreciate the little things in life. Small things can also be mighty, too. 1. What inspired the author to create tiny sculptures? A. His desire for fame. B. His love for insects. C. His passion for architecture. D. His dream of setting a record. 2. How does the author think of his sculpting process? A. Creative and fulfilling. B. Competitive and demanding. C. Exhausting but enjoyable. D. Relaxing but time-consuming. 3. What message does the author intend to convey? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Don’t underestimate small things. C. Attention to details leads to success. D. Don’t let others’ opinions define you. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. From ants to crowns: a micro-artist’s journey B. 16 hours a day: the price of artistic perfection C. The function of microscopic art: an amazing tool D. The future of microscopic art: Is it worth the effort? [文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为微观艺术家的成长历程，始于儿时保护昆虫的初心，他创作出世界上最小的雕塑，并屡破纪录，传达了 “微小事物亦具有强大力量” 的深刻理念。 1. B 推理判断题。根据第一段 “Growing up as a kid in the UK, I was fascinated by insects. Wanting to protect them, I started building little houses for ants, using little pieces of wood and leaves.” 和第二段中 “When my mother saw my work, she told me that the smaller I made things, the bigger my name would become.” 可知，作者小时候对昆虫着迷，开始为蚂蚁建造小房子，后来在妈妈的鼓励下创作微型雕塑。由此可知，他对昆虫的热爱是创作微型雕塑的最初灵感来源。故选 B 项。 2. C 推理判断题。根据第四段 “I sometimes work for 16 hours a day without breaks, and it takes me up to three months to finish a sculpture. I have to hold my breath during the sculpting process. It isn’t actually an easy process—but I can enjoy it once I’ve finished it.” 可知，作者的工作强度大，耗时久，要求极高的专注力，但完成后他很享受自己的成就。这表明作者认为这种体验是 “疲惫但愉悦的”。故选 C 项。 3. B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “We need to appreciate the little things in life. Small things can also be mighty, too.” 可知，作者认为微小事物也值得珍视。因此，他想告诉读者，勿轻视微小事物。故选 B 项。 4. A 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段 “Growing up as a kid in the UK, I was fascinated by insects. Wanting to protect them, I started building little houses for ants, using little pieces of wood and leaves.” 和第五段中 “In 2012, I met the queen and gave her a tiny crown on the head of a pin.” 可知，文章讲述了作者作为一名微观艺术家的成长历程，始于儿时保护昆虫的初心，他创作出世界上最小的雕塑，并屡破纪录。A 项 “从蚂蚁到王冠：一个微观艺术家的旅程” 形象地概括了作者的成长轨迹，并突出了其身份，最适合作为文章标题。故选 A 项。 B [2026・河北石家庄高三三模] When Glen Coupland was first practising yoga more than 25 years ago, it was to get active and boost his own fitness. Now, at the age of 78, Glen is a yoga teacher at five locations around Toronto, teaching 17 classes a week. And he’s built a community of students who gather weekly to practise and socialize. “It’s really nice to see people build friendships here,” he says. Nancy, 56, has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a decade, and she says why she keeps coming back to the community. She’s become friends with Coupland and her fellow students: they go cycling, meet up for tea, go hiking, and even go on vacation together. “Social isolation (隔离) is the new smoking, in terms of the death rate,” says Dr Alexandra Papaioannou, director of the Geras Centre for Aging Research. “Older adults tend to have fewer social ties. As seniors leave the workforce, they’re not getting that daily connection. Plus, family members may not live near and spouses（配偶）may have passed away,” she adds. A study published by the Journal of Aging and Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life. Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone. And compared with those who exercised alone, older adults who participated in group fitness had significantly better muscle strength, attention, memory and overall function. For seniors, group fitness classes are a good way of getting much-needed exercise and an opportunity to socialize. 5. What’s the main reason for Nancy to keep practising yoga with Glen Coupland? A. To become a yoga teacher. B. To improve her fitness. C. To enjoy a sense of belonging. D. To serve the community. 6. What can we learn from Dr Alexandra Papaioannou’s words? A. Seniors living alone tend to smoke more. B. Lack of social ties causes more smoking. C. Seniors need to avoid smoking to live longer. D. Social isolation is as dangerous as smoking. 7. What can we conclude from the two studies? A. Group exercise helps fight health risks. B. Group activities can cure mental diseases. C. Better physical condition can improve memory. D. Social bonds have little impact on mental health. 8. Which column of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Entertainment. B. Wellness. C. Fashion. D. Culture. [文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了对于老年人来说，群体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，文中通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。 5. C 细节理解题。根据第二段 “Nancy, 56, has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a decade, and she says why she keeps coming back is the community.” 可知，南希坚持和格伦・库普兰练习瑜伽主要是为了享受一种归属感。故选 C 项。 6. D 推理判断题。根据第三段 “‘Social isolation（隔离） is the new smoking, in terms of the death rate,’ says Dr Alexandra Papaioannou…” 可推知，社交隔离和吸烟一样危险。故选 D 项。 7. A 推理判断题。根据第四段 “A study published by the Journal of Aging and Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life.” 以及第五段 “Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone. And compared with those who exercised alone, older adults who participated in group fitness had significantly better muscle strength, attention, memory and overall function.” 可推知，群体锻炼有助于对抗健康风险。故选 A 项。 8. B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了对于老年人来说，群体健身课程不仅是获得必要锻炼的好方式，也是社交的机会，文中通过具体事例及研究说明社交隔离对老年人健康的危害以及群体锻炼对老年人健康的益处。所以短文与健康相关，可能来自网站的健康专栏。故选 B 项。 重点词句回顾 A. 派生词 1. socialize v. 社交；交往 2. weaken vt. 使变弱；削弱；减弱 B. 合成词 1. heartbroken adj. 心碎的；极度伤心的 2. much-needed adj. 急需的 C. 熟词生义 tie (熟义) n. 领带；绳子→(生义) n. 关系；联系（B, Para.3） D. 长难句分析 1. A study published by the Journal of Aging and Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life. (B,Para.4) 【分析】这是一个主从复合句。主句为 A study…found that…，其中 published by the Journal of Aging and Health 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 study；that 引导________________，从句中 higher chances of…, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of …, memory loss, a reduced quality of life 为并列宾语，由 and 连接。 【译文】《衰老与健康杂志》发表的一项研究发现，孤独和社交隔离可能导致更高的抑郁风险、思维能力衰退、心脏病风险增加、记忆力减退以及生活质量下降。 2. Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone. (B,Para.5) 【分析】这是一个主从复合句。主句为 Another study found that…, that 引导 ；从句中包含两个 ：who exercised with others修饰older adults, who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone 修饰 those；宾语从句中还包含比较级结构 better…than…。 【译文】另一项研究发现，与他人一起锻炼的老年人比那些根本不锻炼或独自锻炼的老年人表现出更好的身体机能和记忆力。 长难句分析：1. 宾语从句 2. 宾语从句；定语从句 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解—推理判断题考点归纳及专项训练 专题导读 高考英语中的推理判断题是阅读理解部分的难点题型之一，要求考生基于文章信息进行合理推断，而非直接照搬原文内容。这类题目考查逻辑分析能力和深层理解能力，需要结合上下文、作者意图或隐含意义进行判断。 [2026・浙江 1 月考，B] When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade（劝阻）her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 1. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed. C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats. 2. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 3. What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A. Make diet decisions on their own. B. Share their food with other kids. C. Eat up what is provided for them. D. Help their parents do the dishes. 4. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory. 分析考向 一、推理判断题命题核心逻辑（题干定位→锁定原文相关信息→提取隐含逻辑（对比 / 因果 / 态度）→排除干扰项（无依据 / 反向 / 过度）→匹配唯一合理选项。） 题号 题干定位 推理过程 1 第一段 When I was a child, “You don’t want to get fat”, messed up my relationship with food, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth 作者童年因 “被限制饮食” 产生心理困扰→成年后刻意避免用同样的方式对待孩子→隐含对自身童年喂养方式的不满。选项 B (critical of the way she was fed) 与 “不满童年喂养方式” 的推理一致 2 第二段 saying less is more, creates some worries and insecurities Markey 认为 “少讨论食物” 更好，过度谈论会引发孩子焦虑→反对 “向孩子解释零食的风险”（属于对食物的过多讨论）。选项 C (explaining…risks of taking snacks) 与 “反对过多谈论食物” 的观点冲突 4 最后一段 I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions 作者实践后发现：减少限制时，孩子的饮食选择更合理→策略有积极效果。选项 C (workable 可行的) 与 “策略产生好结果” 的推理一致 二、推理判断题命题特点 特点 题号 推理过程 原文依据的 “隐含性” 1 原文未直接说 “作者批评童年喂养方式”，但通过 “messed up my relationship with food”（童年方式造成困扰）和 “careful not to…”（刻意改变方式），隐含对童年方式的否定，属于 “行为对比→态度推断” 推理路径的 “单向性” 2 Markey 的核心观点是 “少讨论食物”→直接推出 “反对解释零食风险”（属于 “讨论食物” 的行为），无需额外联想其他可能性。干扰项 A (允许偶尔吃饼干) 与原文 “even if that means occasionally eating more cookies” 一致，是 Markey 赞成的，故排除 选项设置的 “反推性” 4 选项 C (workable) 可被 “they do make better decisions” 反向验证 (策略有效→可行)；干扰项 A (costly 昂贵的)、B (complex 复杂的)、D (contradictory 矛盾的) 在原文中均无依据，无法被验证 与细节题的 “差异性” 3 细节题答案是原文信息的 “原词复现或同义替换”，而推理题答案是原文信息的 “逻辑延伸”。对比 3 题 (细节题)：“Division of Responsibility” 的内容在原文直接表述为 “kids themselves decide what and how much”，选项 A (Make diet decisions on their own.) 是同义替换 高考热考法1 隐含推断题——定位，分析，比较 典例剖析 [2025・全国一卷，D 节选] Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (Para.4) What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第四段 “Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.” 可知，减少微塑料接触是一项越来越困难的任务，科学家今年早些时候发现，瓶装水中的微塑料含量比最初认为的多10到1000倍。据此推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B项。 高考热考法2 观点态度题——根据褒贬词定态度 典例剖析 [2024・全国甲卷，C 节选] Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.”(最后一段) What is Ducke’s attitude towards the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. [解析] 推理判断题。根据本段的 “‘I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,’ says Ducke. ‘They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want.’” 可知，医生和他们的助手的工作给 Ducke 留下了深刻的印象，他认为他们的工作是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最佳机会。据此推断，Ducke 对 Saint Lukas 的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A项。 高考热考法3 写作意图题——根据主旨推断 典例剖析 [2024・新课标 Ⅱ 卷，D节选] Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design : A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (首段) AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.（尾段） What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honour an outstanding AI expert. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design : A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).” 和最后一段 “AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.” 可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著的 AI by Design : A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保AI安全发展，以防潜在危机，据此判断，作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于AI的书。故选 A项。 高考热考法4 文章出处/类型题——利用文章体裁和文体特征 典例剖析 [2023・新高考全国 Ⅱ 卷，C 节选] Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. (Para.1) Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. ［解析］推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”及下文内容可知，本文主要是对于《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知，本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。 高考热考法5 推断特征题——抓关键点 典例剖析 [2024・新课标Ⅱ 卷，D节选] In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (Para.2) What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. [解析] 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.”可知，坎贝尔从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，据此推断，它采用了务实的写作风格。down-to-earth意为“务实的，切合实际的”。故选B项。 高考热考法6 预测段落发展——锁定尾句巧判断 典例剖析 [2023・全国乙卷，C 节选] According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. (尾段) What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. ［解析］推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知，随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知，接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。 真题典例 A [2025・全国一卷，D] Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in Paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. B [2024・新课标Ⅰ卷，D] In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favour certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased towards certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 5. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 6. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 7. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 8. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 重点词句回顾 A. 派生词 1. significantly adv. 显著地 2. remove v. 去除，去掉 3. observational adj. 观测的 4. imperfect adj. 5. identification n. 识别 B. 合成词 1. microplastic n. 微塑料 (前缀 micro-: 微小的) 2. intake n. 摄入量，吸入量 3. upgrade v. 升级 4. outnumber v. 数量多于；比…… 多 5. eye-catching adj. 引人注目的 6. oversampled adj. 过度采样的 7. upload v. 上传；上载 C. 熟词生义 1. settle (熟义) v. 定居；解决→(生义) v. 沉淀；积聚 (A, Para.1) 2. document (熟义) n. 文件→(生义) v. __________ (B, Para.1) D. 长难句分析 “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (B, Para.4) 【分析】这是一个包含直接引语的复合句，有多层修饰成分。句子主体为 “直接引语 + 主句 (主谓)”。直接引语是一个复合句，主句是 We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling; that tend to bias (使有偏差) data 为______，修饰先行词 the aspects of sampling; 举例说明成分 like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it 中包含后置定语 of a citizen scientist and to take a picture of a flowering plant。 【译文】Daru说：“我们特别感兴趣的是探索那些倾向于使数据有偏差的采样方面，比如公民科学家更有可能给开花植物拍照，而不是旁边的草。” 模拟演练 A [2026・江苏南通高三三模] Growing up as a kid in the UK, I was fascinated by insects. Wanting to protect them, I started building little houses for ants, using little pieces of wood and leaves. I then moved on to making little cups and saucers from silver foil（箔纸）for the magic creatures that I thought lived at the bottom of the garden. When my mother saw my work, she told me that the smaller I made things, the bigger my name would become. As the years went by, my designs became more complicated. And I used many different materials, such as diamond fragments, eyelashes and even spider web threads. I sometimes work for 16 hours a day without breaks, and it takes me up to three months to finish a sculpture. I have to hold my breath during the sculpting process. It isn’t actually an easy process—but I can enjoy it once I’ve finished it. My sculptures have taken me to incredible places. In 2012, I met the queen and gave her a tiny crown on the head of a pin. In 2013, I received my first Guinness World Record for creating the smallest sculpture made by hand. It was a 24-carat gold motorbike that fitted inside a drilled out hair. In 2017, I beat my record with a sculpture of a human fetus（胎儿）that measured 0.078 mm by 0.053 mm. One time, a fly landed on a Cinderella carriage sculpture I was working on. The fly’s wings blew it away, and it was lost. I was heartbroken. Another time, I accidentally breathed in a microscopic Alice from Alice in Wonderland. Alice is now in Wonderland forever. But it did give me the chance to make an even better one the second time around. The microscopic world has always been my happy place. I’ve tried to make bigger sculptures, but small is best for me. We need to appreciate the little things in life. Small things can also be mighty, too. 1. What inspired the author to create tiny sculptures? A. His desire for fame. B. His love for insects. C. His passion for architecture. D. His dream of setting a record. 2. How does the author think of his sculpting process? A. Creative and fulfilling. B. Competitive and demanding. C. Exhausting but enjoyable. D. Relaxing but time-consuming. 3. What message does the author intend to convey? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Don’t underestimate small things. C. Attention to details leads to success. D. Don’t let others’ opinions define you. 4. What is the best title for the passage? A. From ants to crowns: a micro-artist’s journey B. 16 hours a day: the price of artistic perfection C. The function of microscopic art: an amazing tool D. The future of microscopic art: Is it worth the effort? B [2026・河北石家庄高三三模] When Glen Coupland was first practising yoga more than 25 years ago, it was to get active and boost his own fitness. Now, at the age of 78, Glen is a yoga teacher at five locations around Toronto, teaching 17 classes a week. And he’s built a community of students who gather weekly to practise and socialize. “It’s really nice to see people build friendships here,” he says. Nancy, 56, has been practising yoga with Coupland for about a decade, and she says why she keeps coming back to the community. She’s become friends with Coupland and her fellow students: they go cycling, meet up for tea, go hiking, and even go on vacation together. “Social isolation (隔离) is the new smoking, in terms of the death rate,” says Dr Alexandra Papaioannou, director of the Geras Centre for Aging Research. “Older adults tend to have fewer social ties. As seniors leave the workforce, they’re not getting that daily connection. Plus, family members may not live near and spouses（配偶）may have passed away,” she adds. A study published by the Journal of Aging and Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life. Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone. And compared with those who exercised alone, older adults who participated in group fitness had significantly better muscle strength, attention, memory and overall function. For seniors, group fitness classes are a good way of getting much-needed exercise and an opportunity to socialize. 5. What’s the main reason for Nancy to keep practising yoga with Glen Coupland? A. To become a yoga teacher. B. To improve her fitness. C. To enjoy a sense of belonging. D. To serve the community. 6. What can we learn from Dr Alexandra Papaioannou’s words? A. Seniors living alone tend to smoke more. B. Lack of social ties causes more smoking. C. Seniors need to avoid smoking to live longer. D. Social isolation is as dangerous as smoking. 7. What can we conclude from the two studies? A. Group exercise helps fight health risks. B. Group activities can cure mental diseases. C. Better physical condition can improve memory. D. Social bonds have little impact on mental health. 8. Which column of a website is the text probably taken from? A. Entertainment. B. Wellness. C. Fashion. D. Culture. 重点词句回顾 A. 派生词 1. socialize v. 社交；交往 2. weaken vt. 使变弱；削弱；减弱 B. 合成词 1. heartbroken adj. 心碎的；极度伤心的 2. much-needed adj. 急需的 C. 熟词生义 tie (熟义) n. 领带；绳子→(生义) n. 关系；联系（B, Para.3） D. 长难句分析 1. A study published by the Journal of Aging and Health found that loneliness and social isolation could lead to higher chances of depression, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of heart diseases, memory loss, and a reduced quality of life. (B,Para.4) 【分析】这是一个主从复合句。主句为 A study…found that…，其中 published by the Journal of Aging and Health 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 study；that 引导______，从句中 higher chances of…, weakened thinking abilities, greater risks of …, memory loss, a reduced quality of life 为并列宾语，由 and 连接。 【译文】《衰老与健康杂志》发表的一项研究发现，孤独和社交隔离可能导致更高的抑郁风险、思维能力衰退、心脏病风险增加、记忆力减退以及生活质量下降。 2. Another study found that older adults who exercised with others demonstrated better physical function and memory abilities than those who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone. (B,Para.5) 【分析】这是一个主从复合句。主句为 Another study found that…, that 引导 ；从句中包含两个 ：who exercised with others修饰older adults, who didn’t exercise at all or exercised alone 修饰 those；宾语从句中还包含比较级结构 better…than…。 【译文】另一项研究发现，与他人一起锻炼的老年人比那些根本不锻炼或独自锻炼的老年人表现出更好的身体机能和记忆力。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $