2027年人教版中考英语名词课件

名词 主讲人：黄希文老师 1 名词概述 什么是名词？ 名词：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 student 学生 book 书 park 公园 happiness 快乐 名词概述 名词分类 大类 次类 例词 专有名词 Henry,Greece, the Great Wall 普通名词 可数名词 个体名称 lawyer, novel, city 集体名词 people, staff, team 不可数名词 物质名词 iron, fire, air, cotton 抽象名词 luck, goodness, enthusiasm 一般用于阅读定位 书名、报刊名要斜体 名词概述 个体名词：单个词 worker farmer bird desk 集体名词：若干人或事物总称 My family is an extended family. My family are going shopping. 家庭 家人 集体名词如果是内部个体成员总和，那么谓语动词用复数；如果是一个整体，那么谓语动词用单数 可数名词不裸奔 名词概述 物质名词：无法分为个体的物质或材料的总称。 water glass juice wood 抽象名词：表示性质、状态、情感等抽象概念名称。 happiness kindness peace love 看得见，摸得着 看不见，摸不着 名词概述 Note: 抽象名词具体化： Tom is a success. Tom是一位成功的人。 Climbing mountains is a success for Tom. 爬山对Tom来讲是一件成功的事情。 名词概述 （1）可数名词 ①一般名词直接在词尾加-s：map-maps ②以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词后加-es：box-boxes watch-watches 例外：stomach-stomachs ③以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，变-f 或-fe 为 v，再加-es： leaf-leaves, thief-thieves 口诀： 妻子 wife 持刀 knife 去宰狼 wolf，小偷 thief 吓得发了慌，躲在架 shelf后保己 self 命，半 half 片树叶 leaf 遮目光 直接加s：proof-proofs belief-beliefs cliff-cliffs 名词概述 （1）可数名词 ④以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i，加-es：party-parties 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加-s：toy-toys ⑤以o结尾的名词 有生命加es：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 口诀：英雄 hero 爱吃土豆 potato 西红柿 tomato 和芒果 mango 无生命加s：photo-photos zoo-zoos 课堂练习 Which of the following plural forms is CORRECT? A. three party B. three parties C. three partyes D. three partys B 课堂练习 Which of the following is the right plural form? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. tomatoies B 课堂练习 Choose the CORRECT plural form. A. two boxs B. two boxes C. two box D. two boxies B 课堂练习 Which plural form is ACCEPTABLE? A. many leafs B. many leaves C. many leafes D. many leaf B 名词概述 （1）可数名词 ⑥不规则变化 改变元音字母： woman-women tooth-teeth crisis-crises 特殊形式：child-children ox-oxen mouse-mice 结尾变成a phenomenon-phenomena criterion-criteria medium-media bacterium- bacteria 元音字母变成e 名词概述 （1）可数名词 ⑦单复数同形的名词 sheep, deer, fish, means, species, series, works（工厂）, aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, barracks, headquarters 一些汉语音译的数量名称：li里，yuan元，jin斤 ⑧某国人： a Chinese-two Chinese a Japanese-two Japanese a Russian-two Russians a German-two Germans an Englishman-two Englishmen a Frenchman-two Frenchmen 口诀：中日不变英法变 其余加s 课堂练习 Which is INCORRECT? A. ox — oxen B. mouse — mice C. phenomenon — phenomenas D. series — series C 课堂练习 Which is CORRECT? A. three Swisses B. three Swiss C. three Russian D. three Englishmans B 课堂练习 Which of the following is CORRECT? A. one phenomenon; two phenomenons B. one medium; two media C. one criterion; two criterions D. one bacterium; two bacteriums B 课堂练习 Which one is WRONG? A. one sheep; two sheep B. one deer; two deers C. one species; two species D. one aircraft; two aircraft B 名词概述 （1）可数名词 ⑨复合名词复数 写成一个词，词尾加s：bookcase-bookcases blackboard-blackboards 分开写，词尾加s（如果有man和woman，先变为men和women，再加s) girl student-girl students man teacher-men teachers 连字符，有名词时候，名词加s; 无名词，直接加s： passer-by passers-by go-between go-betweens 课堂练习 Which of the following is right? A. man teachers B. men teacher C. men teachers D. man teacher C 课堂练习 Which plural form is CORRECT? A. girl students B. girls student C. girls students D. girl student A 课堂练习 The plural form of passer-by is ______. A. passer-bys B. passers-by C. passer-bies D. passers-bys B 课堂练习 Which statement about plural forms is INCORRECT? A. bookcase → bookcases B. blackboard → blackboards C. woman doctor → woman doctors D. go-between → go-betweens C 名词概述 （2）不可数名词 常见：advice，baggage，furniture，homework，luck, information，knowledge，luggage，news，progress，traffic，equipment，research，wealth，fiction，education，experience，honesty，work 注意：suggestion可数 experience作为“经历”可数 works 作品 job可数 news的s不能去掉 课堂练习 He gave me ______ on how to improve my English writing skills. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice C 课堂练习 You can get much useful ______ about the college entrance exam on the official website. A. informations B. information C. an information D. many information B 课堂练习 With the teacher’s guidance, Li Ming has made great ______ in English grammar. A. progress B. progresses C. a progress D. many progress A 名词概述 Note：一些名词的单复数形式，词义差别较大。 damage 破坏，损失-damages 赔偿金 wood 木头，木材-woods 树林 ruin 毁灭，毁坏-ruins 废墟 necessity 必然，必要-necessities 必需品 authority 权力-authorities 当局，官方 paper 纸-papers 文件，证明 water水-waters水域 课堂练习 Which sentence is CORRECT? A. The storm caused a lot of damages to the village. B. He claimed damages from the company for the injury. C. The damage of ancient buildings are serious. D. Damages is hard to calculate in this case. B 课堂练习 Which statement is WRONG? A. We collected some wood to make a fire. B. They went for a walk in the woods. C. This table is made of woods. D. The woods are home to many birds. C 课堂练习 Which of the following is right in meaning and grammar? A. The old castle now lies in ruin. B. The old castle now lies in ruins. C. A ruin of the building can be seen. D. Ruin are scattered everywhere. B 课堂练习 About the word “paper”, which one is INCORRECT? A. Can you give me a piece of paper? B. He showed me his papers at the gate. C. These paper are about environmental protection. D. Papers here refer to official documents. C 名词概述 名词修饰词： every/each many a more than one several different various/a variety of many much +可数名词单数 +可数名词复数 +不可数名词 Many a student goes to universities. Many students go to universities. More than one mistake is found. many a和more than one谓语动词用单数 many谓语动词用复数 课堂练习 Which sentence is correct? A. More than one boy like playing basketball. B. More than one boy likes playing basketball. C. More boys than one likes playing basketball. D. Many a boy like playing basketball. B 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is grammatically CORRECT? A. Many a student have visited the museum. B. Many a student has visited the museum. C. Many a students has visited the museum. D. Many a student visit the museum. B 课堂练习 About subject-verb agreement, which statement is RIGHT? A. Many student takes part in the activity. B. Many students takes part in the activity. C. Many students take part in the activity. D. Many a students take part in the activity. C 课堂练习 Choose the right sentence. A. More than one problem have been solved. B. More than one problems has been solved. C. More than one problem has been solved. D. More than one problem were solved. C 名词概述 Note：表示学科（-ics结尾，mathematics，physics）、游戏（-s结尾，darts射镖、cards纸牌）、疾病（-s结尾，diabetes糖尿病，measles麻疹），以及像the United States（-s结尾）专有名词，作单数（形复意单） Physics is the mother of sciences. Billiards（台球）is played by women as well as by men. 名词概述 Note:表示衣物（jeans, pajamas）、两部分构成的工具器械（scissors，glasses）、山脉、群岛、瀑布的专有名词，某些以-ings结尾名词（earnings，surroundings）、表示某类东西的总称（clothes）以及不表示学科的以-ics结尾的词（politics政治观点），都用做复数 All my belongings are in this bag. After a week’s work my earnings are $50. 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Physics is a compulsory course for science students. B. Billiards is not as easy as it looks. C. The United States are located in North America. D. Measles is an infectious illness. C 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. My scissors are used for cutting paper. B. A pair of scissors are on the desk. C. Her earnings are paid on the last day of each month. D. All my belongings are kept in this suitcase. B 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT? A. Politics are the art or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged. A 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. His politics are very conservative. B. Mathematics is difficult for many learners. C. The surroundings is quiet and pleasant. D. Jeans are popular among young people. C 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Darts is a common pub game in Britain. B. The glasses on the shelf are mine. C. Clothes is sold in this shopping mall. D. Diabetes is a chronic disease. C 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Statistics is an important branch of mathematics. B. The statistics show that living standards have improved. C. This series of lectures are about environmental protection. D. The headquarters of the firm are in London. C 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Pyjamas are too big for the child. B. The Alps lies in Europe. C. Diabetes is hard to cure completely. D. Cards is my favourite indoor game. B 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Economics is my major at university. B. His earnings comes from part-time jobs. C. The Niagara Falls are well-known across the world. D. These trousers fit me perfectly. B 名词概述 修饰不可数名词：an amount of, a bit of 修饰可数名词复数：a good many, a number of, a majority of, a team of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词：a lot of, a variety of, a quantity of, a quarter of, an abundance of, plenty of, the majority of, the rest of 注意：many a+单数名词=a good many+复数名词 名词概述 易混辨析： -the number of（… 的数量，谓语单数）vs a number of（许多，谓语复数） - many a + 单数名词：形式单数，意义 “许多”，谓语动词用单数 - few / little：表否定（几乎没有）；a few / a little：表肯定（有一点） - quantities of + 名词：谓语一律用复数；a quantity of + 名词：谓语与名词保持一致 课堂练习 ______ oil has been imported from abroad this year. A. A good many B. A large amount of C. A number of D. Dozens of B 课堂练习 _____ young people choose to work in big cities after graduation. A. A bit of B. An amount of C. A good many D. A large quantity of C 课堂练习 _____ traveler has shared his experience on the social platform. A. Many a B. A good many C. A number of D. Scores of A 课堂练习 _____ the students in our class have passed the final exam. A. A bit of B. An amount of C. The majority of D. A large amount of C 课堂练习 Could you give me ______ on how to prepare for the TEM-4 exam? A. a bit of advice B. a number of advice C. dozens of advice D. a team of advice A 课堂练习 _____ patterns are available for customers to choose from in this shop. A. A little B. A variety of C. An amount of D. A bit of B 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A. Statistics is an important branch of mathematics. B. The statistics show that living standards have improved. C. This series of lectures are about environmental protection. D. The headquarters of the firm are in London. C 名词概述 名词所有格： 什么时候会用到名词所有格？ 两个名词存在所属关系时，用名词所有格（中文：的；英文：’s） 父亲的车 母亲的包 mother’s bag father’s car 名词概述 ①通常名词后加‘s the teacher’s house ②复数名词在后面加’ Teachers’Day Children’s Day ③以s结尾专有名词加‘ Angels’room 课堂练习 The local government has released a new policy to improve ______ living conditions. A. senior citizen B. senior citizens C. senior citizen’s D. senior citizens’ D 课堂练习 The exhibition hall displays a collection of ______ handcrafts from different tribes. A. children B. childrens’ C. children’s D. child’s C 课堂练习 ______ research on second language acquisition has been widely cited in academic circles. A. Dr. Brooks B. Dr. Brooks’ C. Dr. Brooks’s D. Both B and C B 课堂练习 You can find the course syllabus on ______ desk in the front of the lecture hall. A. the professor B. the professor’s C. the professors D. the professors’ B 名词概述 ④表示店铺、建筑物、人家等，省略后面的名词 This is not my coat. It’s (Tom). =Tom’s coat I have just been to (barber) to get my hair cut. =barber’s shop Tom’s barber’s 课堂练习 I have a terrible toothache, so I need to go to ______ right now. A. the dentist B. the dentist’s C. the dentists D. the dentists’ B 课堂练习 The dictionary on the top shelf is not mine; it’s ______. A. James B. James’ C. James’s D. Both B and C B 课堂练习 All the clothes in this section are designed for adults, while those on the first floor are ______. A. children B. childrens’ C. children’s D. child’s C 课堂练习 We were invited to ______ for a housewarming party yesterday evening. A. our neighbor B. our neighbors C. our neighbor’s D. our neighbors’ C 名词概述 ⑤前面出现基数词，注意单数还是复数所有格 It’s about six (hour) ride by high-speed train to Beijing. It’s about an (hour) ride by car to Guizhou. hours’ hour’s 课堂练习 It's only ten ______ walk from my apartment to the nearest subway station. A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’ D 课堂练习 The manager announced that we would have ______ lunch break during the summer. A. an hour’s B. an hours’ C. a hour’s D. one hours A 课堂练习 After nearly ______ research, the team finally published their findings in a top journal. A. two year’s B. two years’ C. two years D. two year B 课堂练习 It is said that the ancient castle is just ______ ride from the city center. A. half an hour B. half an hour’s C. half an hours’ D. half a hour’s B 名词概述 Jim and Tom’s room is on the second floor. 请问有多少个房间？ 1个 Jim’s and Tom’s rooms are on the second floor. 请问有多少个房间？ 2个 ⑥and并列名词，如果两者共有，最后一个名词加’s；如果分别有，两个名词都需要加‘s 课堂练习 ______ bedroom is very tidy and decorated with many cartoon posters on the wall. A. Tom and Jerry's B. Tom's and Jerry's C. Tom and Jerry D. Tom's and Jerry A 课堂练习 On the top shelf lie ______ dictionaries, which were bought by the two girls separately last year. A. Mary and Jane's B. Mary's and Jane's C. Mary and Jane D. Mary's and Jane B 课堂练习 ______ new law firm will be officially established in the central business district next quarter. A. Mr. Lee and his partner's B. Mr. Lee's and his partner's C. Mr. Lee and his partner D. Mr. Lee's and his partner A 课堂练习 _____ research proposals have been approved by the academic committee at the conference. A. Professor White and Dr. Brown's B. Professor White's and Dr. Brown's C. Professor White and Dr. Brown D. Professor White's and Dr. Brown B 名词概述 名词所有格：of属格 （1）of短语前的名词有不定冠词或数词修饰。 He is a friend of my father’s. It’s a new scheme of the Prime Minister’s. （2）of短语前的名词带this、that等指示代词，表示一定的感情色彩。 This dog of Nancy’s has torn my trousers. That wife of Mr Brown’s is constantly complaining. 表示全体中的一部分 课堂练习 You must fire ________ incompetent assistant of yours. A. the B. an C. that D. whichever C 课堂练习 I can't put up with ______. A. that friend of you B. that friend of yours C. the friend of you D. the friend of yours B 课堂练习 Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation? A. Mr. Smith's passport B. The visitor's arrival C. John's travel details D. The children's stories B 课堂练习 Which of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. This is a photo of my mother. It was taken by my father. B. This is a photo of my mother's. It was taken by my father. C. This is a photo of my mother. It belongs to my father. D. This is a photo of my mother's. My mother is in the photo. A 名词概述 写作拓展： “be+of+n.=be+adj.”表示人或事物的特征，of后的抽象名词起修饰和描述作用。常用于该结构的抽象名词有：help, value, use, importance, significance, wealth等；常用于该结构的形容词有：great, vital, considerable, immense等。 It will be of great significance to accomplish this research project. =It will be significant to accomplish this research project. 名词概述 长难句提取主干技巧： A of B of C of D D的C的B的A （中心词在A） the cover of the book 书的封面 the system of education of the young 年轻人的教育制度 课堂练习 The development of new energy sources of the country ______ vital to environmental protection now. A. is B. are C. was D. were A $