专题03 非谓语动词 （复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题03 非谓语动词（复习讲义） 目 录 1. 考情分析·二轮定向 深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点 2. 思维导图·体系构建 打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架 3. 专题精讲·知能进阶 三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法 真题动向 要点整合 思维迁移 知识单元01 非谓语动词的分类及形式………………………………………………2 知识单元02 非谓语动词做宾语………………………………………………5 知识单元03非谓语动词做宾语补足语………………………………………7 知识单元04非谓语动词作定语………………………………………8 知识单元05非谓语动词做主语和表语………………………………………9 知识单元06非谓语动词做状语………………………………………10 4. 模块融合·综合探析 知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境 知识串联 真题动向 思维迁移 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+………………………………………………………15 考向01单项选择（命题主阵地） 考向02谓语动词（时态语态）+ 非谓语融合【最高频】 考向03 独立主格结构（跨模块难点） 考向04并列句、复合句（连词）+ 非谓语融合 知识单元 高考解读 命题预测 非谓语动词作定语 在长难句里辨修饰关系，核心区分 to do（表将来、待做）/ doing（主动、进行）/ done（被动、完成）；非谓语作定语时，要找准被修饰的名词，判断两者之间是主动还是被动、动作是发生在谓语之前还是之后。 考向预测：①分词状语、定语转换，独立主格、with 复合结构交叉持续常考；②“非谓语 + X” 全域融合定型。 考法预测：①阅读理解、阅读表达中拆分带非谓语状语的长难句；②书面表达用分词状语简化简单句、提升句式档次。 情境载体：科技说明文本、人物记叙、传统文化、生态话题；单项选择混合考查非谓语成分与形式，完形填空结合语境判断非谓语逻辑关系，阅读理解拆分非谓语长难句，阅读表达梳理非谓语修饰信息，书面表达灵活运用非谓语打造高分句式。 非谓语动词作状语 结合目的、原因、伴随、结果、时间、让步等场景，用分词简化状语从句；重点判断非谓语逻辑主语与句子主语是否一致，区分现在分词主动伴随、过去分词被动状态、不定式表目的或结果。 非谓语动词作宾补 依托感官动词、使役动词固定搭配（see/make/have/get/leave 等），拓展 with 复合结构场景用法；被动还原、考法细：被动语态下补 to 为经典易错点，搭配辨析拓宽坑位；需区分宾补动作与宾语之间的主被动关系，以及动作是否已经完成。 跨模块融合 非谓语动词 载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形语篇中；同时联动书面表达句式迁移，一结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。 知识单元01 非谓语动词的分类及形式 真·题·动·向 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 2．（2025·天津·高考真题）The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 3．（2025·天津·高考真题）With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. A．to perform B．to be performed C．performing D．being performed 要·点·整·合 根据传统语法，非谓语动词通常分为四种：不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。但在本讲义中，考虑到动名词和现在分词都属于-ing动词，故将非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、-ing 分词、-ed分词。 时态名称 主动语态结构（非谓语动词的逻辑主语是其动作的执行者） 被动语态结构（非谓语动词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者） 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 一般体 不定式 to do not to do to be done not to be done -ing分词 doing not doing being done not being done 不定式的一般体所表示的动作一般与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时（主要为感官动词、begin、start等动词后不定式表示的动作）或之后发生： This morning I heard him cry in her room. I forgot to switch off my computer when leaving work. -ing分词的一般体表示一般性动作、正在进行的动作或表示与主句谓语动词同时发生的动作： My job is taking attendance and keeping the class disciplined. The road being built close by will make it much easier for us to commute between home and school. Seeing a cat, the mouse ran off. 非谓语动词的否定式除在其之前加not外，也可使用never等其它否定词，但在语气上可能具有一定的区别： Pauline asked me not to tell on her. Pauline asked me never to tell on her. 一般进行体 不定式 to being doing not to being doing ---------- ---------- -ing分词 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 不定式的一般进行体表示正在进行的动作，该动作通常与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生： I pretended to be watching a video when Sam entered my office. 完成体 不定式 to have done not to have done to have been done not to have been done -ing分词 having done not having done having being done not having being done 非谓语动词的完成体所表示的动作在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前发生： The disease was reported to have killed thousands of people in that area. I pretended to have seen the film when they talked about it. I went to bed early for having worked hard all day. (Or ‘Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.’) 非谓语动词的完成体不能后置作定语： Research having been done（= research that/which has been done） 完成进行体 不定式 to have been doing not to have been doing ---------- ---------- -ing分词 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 不定式的完成进行体所表示的动作在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前持续或一直在进行： The disease seems to have been spreading in that area recently. 选项是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津·三模）The passengers had been waiting for almost two hours at the airport, only ______ by the airline staff that their flight was cancelled because of the bad weather. A．telling B．told C．to be told D．having been told 2．（2026·天津南开·三模）The soldier came close to ______ in the battle, but his fellow soldiers protected him from enemy fire. A．be killed B．kill C．being killed D．killing 3．（2026·天津·模拟预测）Hearing the exciting news, he hurried home, leaving the book ________ on the desk. A．lay opened B．to lie open C．lying open D．lie opened 4．（2026·天津宝坻·三模）After cutting myself off the outside world preparing the exam, I couldn’t wait to catch up on news to keep myself ________. A．updating B．updated C．to be updated D．being updated 知识单元02 非谓语动词做宾语 要·点·整·合 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 Ask, agree, allow, attempt, beg, begin, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, hate, happen, help, hope, learn, like, love, manage, need, offer, plan, promise, remember, start, try, want, wish, etc. 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, risk, suggest be used to, can’t help (= can’t help but do sth.), feel like, get down to, give up, set about, forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（尽力或努力去做某事，强调付出努力） try doing（试图做某事，表试试看的意义） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意为，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津滨海新区·三模）It is commonly believed that eating local food is better for the environment, because it does not need ________ over long distances and kept cold during transport. A．transport B．to be transported C．transported D．to transport 2．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs. A．being respected B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 3．（2025·天津和平·三模）As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public. A．treat B．treating C．being treated D．be treated 4．（2025·天津·二模）Paper cutting, ________ over centuries in China, is time-honored and has a glorious history. A．having developed B．being developed C．developed D．to develop 知识单元03 非谓语动词做宾语补足语 要·点·整·合 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 不定式 ask, allow, beg, enable, encourage, expect, get, order, prefer, remind, tell, want, wish, etc. 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或与谓语动作同时发生 Please remind me to write to my mother. I heard him call me several times. My parents don’t let me watch TV plays in the evening. Have the driver bring the car round at 4. have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make, have +省to不定式 注：当感官或使役动词变为被动语态时，要使用to： have 除了接不带to的不定作补语外，也可接doing sth.作为宾语补语，即have sb. do sth.与have sb. doing sth.。这两种结构均表示让某人做某事，但have sb. doing sth.表示让某人一直或反复做某事，而have sb. do sth.不强调这种持续性，只强调一次性的动作： I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. Mr. Lee had me reading English all the morning today. 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. I felt a guy stalking me. 过去分词 动宾关系。强调完成或被动 We found the village greatly changed. I heard him called Tony. 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津河东·一模）I will be surprised if you can get John, who is a mean guy, _________ some drinks for us. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 2．（2026·天津东丽·一模）From my window, I could see the children ________ on the playground, their laughter filling the air. A．played B．playing C．to play D．having played 3．（2026·天津·二模）They kept their attention ______ on the teacher who was explaining a difficult math problem. A．focus B．focused C．focusing D．to focus 知识单元04 非谓语动词作定语 真·题·动·向 1.（2025·天津·高考真题）Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite to track solar storms. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having designed 2.（2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 要·点·整·合 区别 举例 不定式 与前面所修饰的名词或代词互为动宾关系 I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed. 不定式与其前面被修饰的名词或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系时，并且与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则使用主动形式的不定式，如与句子的主语不构成逻辑主谓关系，即不定式表示的动作不是由该主语所表示的人来完成，则使用被动形式的不定式。例如： I have a lot of clothes to wash this evening. (表示这些衣服将由“I”去洗) I have a lot of clothes to be washed this evening. (表示这些衣服将不由“I”而让别人去洗) 在there be结构中，不定式即可使用主动语态也可使用被动语态: There is still much work to do. = We still have much to do. There is still much work to be done. = We can still do much work. 如做定语的不定式属于不及物动词，或所修饰的名词或代词为不定式分句的介词宾语，则需在不定式动词后使用适当的介词： Do you have anything to talk about? Could you please get me a piece of paper to write the address on? 但做定语的不定式动词所修饰的名词为time, money, place, way等, 则不需在该动词（即使为不及物动词）后面使用相应的介词，故通常省略介词： If you insist on my being there, I will have no time to finish the work. 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Sleeping car swimming pool 现在分词 表示主动(与所修饰的词成主谓关系)或进行 the developing country/the developed country the guy ridding a bike/poems written by Li Bai 过去分词 表示被动(与所修饰的词成动宾关系)或完成 非谓语动词后置做定语时相当于一个缩略的关系分句。例如： Do you have anything to talk about? = Do you have anything that you want to talk about? Who is the guy ridding a bicycle？= Who is the guy that is ridding a bicycle？ I like poems written by Li Bai？= I like poems that/which are written by Li Bai？ 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津·二模）When you have a large, time-consuming task ________, you tend to put it off because you don’t really know where to start. A．completed B．complete C．completing D．to complete 2.Protecting yourself from ________ theft is a matter of treating all your personal and financial documents as top-secret information. A．identity B．database C．conference D．resident 3．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag ________ the original blue box in _______ the notebooks were kept and a brown envelope. A．containing; where B．to contain; which C．containing; which D．to contain; that 4．（2026·天津南开·三模）While I was preparing for my final exams, I noticed an announcement about an internship opportunity ______ on the notice board in our school hallway. A．displayed B．having displayed C．displaying D．to be displayed 知识单元05 非谓语动词做主语和表语 要·点·整·合 区别 举例 不定式 通常表示特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用不定式作表语)有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the law is important. His goal is to get accepted by an illustrious university. 动名词 表示抽象比较或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式) 思·维·迁·移 1.Tom thought it was an honor ___________ to speak in the ceremony. A．to invite B．to be invited C．inviting D．having invited 2．（2025·天津·二模）As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. A．to save B．being saved C．save D．to be saved 3．（2026·天津·一模）________ regularly for eight hours each night is widely believed to be crucial for both physical recovery and memory consolidation. A．To sleep. B．Having slept. C．Sleeping. D．Sleep. 4.Please remain________. Let’s have a discussion and try to find a solution acceptable to both sides. A．seating B．seated C．to seat D．to be seated 知识单元06 非谓语动词做状语 真·题·动·向 1.（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 2.（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 3.（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 4．（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 5.（2020·天津·高考真题）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 7.（2020·天津·高考真题）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 要·点·整·合 不定式 目的状语 He will go to Guangzhou to see his sister. 当不定式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，需用for将主语引出。例如： He stood aside for her to enter. 表示目的，也可使用in order to/so as to: He started early in order to catch the first bus to work. He left early so as to be there on time. He started early in order not to miss the last train.（表示否定的目的） He left early so as not to be late for class.（表示否定的目的） 结果状语 He got to the station only to be told/only to find that the train had left. He stood aside for her to enter. 表示目的，也可使用in order to/so as to: He started early in order to catch the first bus to work. He left early so as to be there on time. He started early in order not to miss the last train.（表示否定的目的） He left early so as not to be late for class.（表示否定的目的） 原因状语 I’m so excited to know I have passed the exam. 通常用在表示情感、运气的形容词或动词后（lucky, regret等）： 分词 时间状语 Climbing to the top of the mountain, we had a good view of the town. Heated, the metal expands. 原因状语 Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. 条件状语 Weather permitting, we’ll go outing at the beach, Analyzed from this perspective, the result is not as bad as you found. 让步状语 Having been to Tibet for many times, he doesn’t know what the Potala Palace is like. Defeated in the football match, the players didn’t lose heart. 伴随状语(通常位于句末) He sat under a tree, reading a book. The boy entered the classroom, followed by two girls hand in hand. 结果状语(通常位于句末) It rained heavily, causing serious flooding in that area. 分词作状语时，如不带主语，则其逻辑主语就是主句的主语，如分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语之间为主谓关系，则使用-ing分词；如为动宾关系，则使用 -ed分词。 分词作状语时，也可保留构成状语从句的相应连词when、if、 though、because等。例如： When climbing to the top of the mountain, we had a good view of the town. Though defeated in the football match, the players didn’t lose heart. 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津红桥·三模）The company invested heavily in new technology efficiency, which ultimately helped them gain a competitive advantage in the market. A．increasing B．increased C．to increase D．having increased 2．（2025·天津和平·一模）She searched the entire house for her keys, only________them resting on the kitchen counter where she had left them. A．finding B．to have found C．to find D．found 3．（2026·天津蓟州·一模）— My electric bike was stolen last night. —I’m sorry to hear that, but you are silly ______ it outside. A．to leave B．to have left C．leaving D．having left 4．（2026·天津·三模）When the boss came all of a sudden, Jack stood there embarrassedly, ______ whether to put out the cigarette or not. A．wondered B．to wonder C．wondering D．wonder 【答案】C 5．（2026·天津武清·模拟预测）_________ real-time traffic data with AI prediction models, the city has significantly reduced rush-hour congestion. A．Integrating B．Integrated C．To integrate D．Having been integrated 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+ 知·识·串·联 真·题·动·向 非谓语动词+完形填空 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 1 seven years ago after having a 2 call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 3 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 4 . Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle, before discovering a 6 for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey, the 7 lover has not only managed to 8 an impressive set of muscles but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on: Consider failure as a 10 to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “ 11 others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 12 .” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise... the 13 is to feel good, not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 14 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 15 for many social media users. 1．A．write B．travel C．exercise D．recover 2．A．goodwill B．timeout C．long-distance D．wake-up 3．A．normally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．automatically 4．A．change B．fortune C．wish D．deal 5．A．risky B．traditional C．comfortable D．healthy 6．A．demand B．secret C．passion D．cure 7．A．peace B．fitness C．fun D．nature 8．A．grow B．control C．activate D．relax 9．A．need B．choice C．reason D．difference 10．A．green light B．road block C．passing mark D．stepping stone 11．A．Help B．Consult C．Follow D．Forgive 12．A．accepted B．shared C．expected D．celebrated 13．A．goal B．case C．duty D．cost 14．A．instructors B．admirers C．beginners D．doubters 15．A．authority B．excuse C．inspiration D．option 思·维·迁·移 （2026·天津·一模）I was ten years old, standing on the stage. My hands were 1 and my heart was beating fast, and through the sea of faces in the audience, I was searching for the only one who 2 most to me. She knew that our 3 were today. She’d promised me she would be there. “The life of an elephant and the life of a human,” I said, 4 audible(听得见的), “are not so different.” My fingers 5 the watercolor painting I’d done of an African elephant; I knew that my face was red and that everyone was 6 me because of it, which only made me blush(脸红) even more. Speaking in public had never been 7 for me, but today, having to present my animal research project to a 8 gym, was terrifying. I swallowed hard. “Over the 9 of a lifetime, elephants both 10 and are affected by their environment. Elephants live in female-led groups. The matriarch-the oldest in the family-makes all the. 11 .” I glanced at my teacher, who gave me a smile of 12 , and just then I saw a(n) 13 at the door of the gym. She came in. “Elephants 14 , not just with gestures but also with sounds too low for us to hear.” Suddenly, my mind went blank. I could not 15 a single word. My 16 became the heartbeat of the world. I had 17 this presentation in the shower, while brushing my teeth, and while riding on the bus. As it turned out, there was something 18 :forgetting the speech. Then my mother cleared her throat, and our eyes 19 . Gradually, I started to remember everything. In all the years since then, I have never forgotten a single 20 about elephants. 1．A．free B．sweaty C．tired D．empty 2．A．mattered B．hesitated C．escaped D．appeared 3．A．interviews B．experiments C．presentations D．celebrations 4．A．formerly B．constantly C．barely D．shortly 5．A．created B．gave C．repaired D．held 6．A．cheering for B．caring about C．arguing with D．staring at 7．A．fair B．easy C．safe D．boring 8．A．connected B．heated C．crowded D．renewed 9．A．purpose B．course C．discovery D．opportunity 10．A．affect B．admire C．explore D．observe 11．A．enemies B．efforts C．mistakes D．decisions 12．A．sympathy B．welcome C．encouragement D．innocence 13．A．exhibition B．movement C．notice D．painting 14．A．communicate B．compete C．compare D．compromise 15．A．miss B．recognize C．understand D．remember 16．A．breathing B．writing C．drawing D．reading 17．A．downloaded B．practiced C．attended D．announced 18．A．funnier B．further C．stronger D．worse 19．A．hurt B．opened C．locked D．saw 20．A．speech B．image C．lesson D．fact 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 非谓语动词（复习讲义） 目 录 1. 考情分析·二轮定向 深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点 2. 思维导图·体系构建 打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架 3. 专题精讲·知能进阶 三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法 真题动向 要点整合 思维迁移 知识单元01 非谓语动词的分类及形式………………………………………………2 知识单元02 非谓语动词做宾语………………………………………………5 知识单元03非谓语动词做宾语补足语………………………………………7 知识单元04非谓语动词作定语………………………………………8 知识单元05非谓语动词做主语和表语………………………………………9 知识单元06非谓语动词做状语………………………………………10 4. 模块融合·综合探析 知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境 知识串联 真题动向 思维迁移 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+………………………………………………………15 考向01单项选择（命题主阵地） 考向02谓语动词（时态语态）+ 非谓语融合【最高频】 考向03 独立主格结构（跨模块难点） 考向04并列句、复合句（连词）+ 非谓语融合 知识单元 高考解读 命题预测 非谓语动词作定语 在长难句里辨修饰关系，核心区分 to do（表将来、待做）/ doing（主动、进行）/ done（被动、完成）；非谓语作定语时，要找准被修饰的名词，判断两者之间是主动还是被动、动作是发生在谓语之前还是之后。 考向预测：①分词状语、定语转换，独立主格、with 复合结构交叉持续常考；②“非谓语 + X” 全域融合定型。 考法预测：①阅读理解、阅读表达中拆分带非谓语状语的长难句；②书面表达用分词状语简化简单句、提升句式档次。 情境载体：科技说明文本、人物记叙、传统文化、生态话题；单项选择混合考查非谓语成分与形式，完形填空结合语境判断非谓语逻辑关系，阅读理解拆分非谓语长难句，阅读表达梳理非谓语修饰信息，书面表达灵活运用非谓语打造高分句式。 非谓语动词作状语 结合目的、原因、伴随、结果、时间、让步等场景，用分词简化状语从句；重点判断非谓语逻辑主语与句子主语是否一致，区分现在分词主动伴随、过去分词被动状态、不定式表目的或结果。 非谓语动词作宾补 依托感官动词、使役动词固定搭配（see/make/have/get/leave 等），拓展 with 复合结构场景用法；被动还原、考法细：被动语态下补 to 为经典易错点，搭配辨析拓宽坑位；需区分宾补动作与宾语之间的主被动关系，以及动作是否已经完成。 跨模块融合 非谓语动词 载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形语篇中；同时联动书面表达句式迁移，一结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。 知识单元01 非谓语动词的分类及形式 真·题·动·向 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 【答案】B 【知识点】不定式作目的状语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了给听众留下深刻印象，这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”，不定式To impress表目的，符合语境。故选B。 2．（2025·天津·高考真题）The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ in the next school year. A．to carry out B．carrying out C．being carried out D．carried out 【答案】D 【知识点】carry out、过去分词作补足语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学校已决定建造一个人工智能实验室，老师们希望看到这个建设项目在下一个学年得以实施。“see+宾语+宾语补足语”是固定结构，construction project与carry out之间是被动关系，即项目“被实施”，强调被动和完成的意义，应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语。故选D。 3．（2025·天津·高考真题）With robots various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency. A．to perform B．to be performed C．performing D．being performed 【答案】C 【知识点】perform、现在分词作补足语 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着机器人执行各种工业任务，工厂提高了生产效率。perform(执行)在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语robots之间是主动关系，应现在分词表主动。故选C项。 要·点·整·合 根据传统语法，非谓语动词通常分为四种：不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。但在本讲义中，考虑到动名词和现在分词都属于-ing动词，故将非谓语动词分为三类：不定式、-ing 分词、-ed分词。 时态名称 主动语态结构（非谓语动词的逻辑主语是其动作的执行者） 被动语态结构（非谓语动词的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者） 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 一般体 不定式 to do not to do to be done not to be done -ing分词 doing not doing being done not being done 不定式的一般体所表示的动作一般与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时（主要为感官动词、begin、start等动词后不定式表示的动作）或之后发生： This morning I heard him cry in her room. I forgot to switch off my computer when leaving work. -ing分词的一般体表示一般性动作、正在进行的动作或表示与主句谓语动词同时发生的动作： My job is taking attendance and keeping the class disciplined. The road being built close by will make it much easier for us to commute between home and school. Seeing a cat, the mouse ran off. 非谓语动词的否定式除在其之前加not外，也可使用never等其它否定词，但在语气上可能具有一定的区别： Pauline asked me not to tell on her. Pauline asked me never to tell on her. 一般进行体 不定式 to being doing not to being doing ---------- ---------- -ing分词 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 不定式的一般进行体表示正在进行的动作，该动作通常与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生： I pretended to be watching a video when Sam entered my office. 完成体 不定式 to have done not to have done to have been done not to have been done -ing分词 having done not having done having being done not having being done 非谓语动词的完成体所表示的动作在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前发生： The disease was reported to have killed thousands of people in that area. I pretended to have seen the film when they talked about it. I went to bed early for having worked hard all day. (Or ‘Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early.’) 非谓语动词的完成体不能后置作定语： Research having been done（= research that/which has been done） 完成进行体 不定式 to have been doing not to have been doing ---------- ---------- -ing分词 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 不定式的完成进行体所表示的动作在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前持续或一直在进行： The disease seems to have been spreading in that area recently. 选项是动词时，分析句子成分已有谓语动词且没有连词，则考虑填非谓语动词形式。再通过分析句子成分若是缺少主语或宾语，则考虑填动名词或不定式；若缺少表语，则需要考虑填动名词、不定式或分词。 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津·三模）The passengers had been waiting for almost two hours at the airport, only ______ by the airline staff that their flight was cancelled because of the bad weather. A．telling B．told C．to be told D．having been told 【答案】C 【详解】句意：乘客们在机场等了将近两个小时，结果却被航空公司工作人员告知，由于恶劣天气，他们的航班被取消了。“only + 不定式 （only to do sth.)”为固定用法，作结果状语，通常表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果，逻辑主语the passengers 与动词tell之间是被动关系，即“被告知”，因此需要使用动词不定式的被动语态to be told。 2．（2026·天津南开·三模）The soldier came close to ______ in the battle, but his fellow soldiers protected him from enemy fire. A．be killed B．kill C．being killed D．killing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这名士兵在战斗中险些丧命，但他的战友们掩护他避开了敌人的炮火。分析句子可知，come close to为固定短语，意为“险些，差点”，其中to是介词，后面需接动名词作宾语。且主语The soldier与动词kill之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用动名词的被动语态being killed。 3．（2026·天津·模拟预测）Hearing the exciting news, he hurried home, leaving the book ________ on the desk. A．lay opened B．to lie open C．lying open D．lie opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：听到这个令人兴奋的消息，他匆忙赶回家，把书敞开着放在桌子上。此处为“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。lie open“摊开，敞开着”与宾语the book之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词lying作宾语补足语；open在此处作形容词，表示“敞开的”状态。 4．（2026·天津宝坻·三模）After cutting myself off the outside world preparing the exam, I couldn’t wait to catch up on news to keep myself ________. A．updating B．updated C．to be updated D．being updated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在为了准备考试而与外界隔绝之后，我迫不及待地想了解新闻，以使自己掌握最新情况。此处为“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词update意为“更新，使了解最新情况”与宾语myself之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词updated作宾语补足语，表示“使自己掌握最新情况”。 知识单元02 非谓语动词做宾语 要·点·整·合 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 Ask, agree, allow, attempt, beg, begin, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail, forget, hate, happen, help, hope, learn, like, love, manage, need, offer, plan, promise, remember, start, try, want, wish, etc. 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, quit, risk, suggest be used to, can’t help (= can’t help but do sth.), feel like, get down to, give up, set about, forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（尽力或努力去做某事，强调付出努力） try doing（试图做某事，表试试看的意义） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意为，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津滨海新区·三模）It is commonly believed that eating local food is better for the environment, because it does not need ________ over long distances and kept cold during transport. A．transport B．to be transported C．transported D．to transport 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们普遍认为吃当地食物对环境更好，因为它不需要长途运输，也不需要在运输过程中保持冷藏。need作实义动词时，后接动词不定式作宾语。句中it指代local food，与动词transport之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用不定式的被动式to be done结构。 2．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs. A．being respected B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：校长强调在组织国际交流项目时，尊重文化差异的重要性。作介词of的宾语，respect用动名词形式。故选D。 3．（2025·天津和平·三模）As a foreigner here, she is not accustomed to ______ like this in public. A．treat B．treating C．being treated D．be treated 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为这里的一个外国人，她不习惯在公共场合被这样对待。be accustomed to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to为介词，后接动名词形式作宾语；由句意可知，treat和句子主语she之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式。故选C项。 4．（2025·天津·二模）Paper cutting, ________ over centuries in China, is time-honored and has a glorious history. A．having developed B．being developed C．developed D．to develop 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：剪纸在中国已经发展了几个世纪，历史悠久，有着辉煌的历史。句中已有谓语动词，空处应用非谓语动词形式，develop与其逻辑主语Paper cutting之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作定语，且结合时间状语over centuries可知，该动作发生在谓语动词之前，应用现在分词的完成式having done。故填having developed。 知识单元03 非谓语动词做宾语补足语 要·点·整·合 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念 例句 不定式 ask, allow, beg, enable, encourage, expect, get, order, prefer, remind, tell, want, wish, etc. 主谓关系。强调动作将发生或与谓语动作同时发生 Please remind me to write to my mother. I heard him call me several times. My parents don’t let me watch TV plays in the evening. Have the driver bring the car round at 4. have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make, have +省to不定式 注：当感官或使役动词变为被动语态时，要使用to： have 除了接不带to的不定作补语外，也可接doing sth.作为宾语补语，即have sb. do sth.与have sb. doing sth.。这两种结构均表示让某人做某事，但have sb. doing sth.表示让某人一直或反复做某事，而have sb. do sth.不强调这种持续性，只强调一次性的动作： I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. Mr. Lee had me reading English all the morning today. 现在分词 notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成 I found her listening to the radio. I felt a guy stalking me. 过去分词 动宾关系。强调完成或被动 We found the village greatly changed. I heard him called Tony. 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津河东·一模）I will be surprised if you can get John, who is a mean guy, _________ some drinks for us. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要是你能让约翰这个小气鬼给我们买些喝的，我会很惊讶。get sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“让某人做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 2．（2026·天津东丽·一模）From my window, I could see the children ________ on the playground, their laughter filling the air. A．played B．playing C．to play D．having played 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从我的窗口望去，我能看到孩子们在操场上玩耍，他们的笑声充满了整个空间。此处play与children构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故选B。 3．（2026·天津·二模）They kept their attention ______ on the teacher who was explaining a difficult math problem. A．focus B．focused C．focusing D．to focus 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们把注意力集中在正在讲解一道数学难题的老师身上。focus与attention之间构成被动关系，本空用过去分词，作宾补。 知识单元04 非谓语动词作定语 真·题·动·向 1.（2025·天津·高考真题）Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite to track solar storms. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having designed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：英国的工程师们将建造一颗新的卫星，该卫星旨在监测太阳风暴。此处design与satellite构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故选A。 2.（2021·天津·高考真题）China's National Highway 318, ________ over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Xizang, is known as the "heavenly road“ for its amazing views. A．to extend B．extended C．extending D．being extended 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的国道318号，从上海到西藏樟木，延伸出5000多公里，因为它的令人赞叹的景观，被熟知为“天堂之路”。分析句子成分可知，is known as是整个句子的谓语动词，所以空格处应填非谓语动词，extend与主语China's National Highway 318之间的关系为主动，所以用extending。故选C。 要·点·整·合 区别 举例 不定式 与前面所修饰的名词或代词互为动宾关系 I have a lot of papers to type. I have a lot of papers to be typed. 不定式与其前面被修饰的名词或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系时，并且与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，则使用主动形式的不定式，如与句子的主语不构成逻辑主谓关系，即不定式表示的动作不是由该主语所表示的人来完成，则使用被动形式的不定式。例如： I have a lot of clothes to wash this evening. (表示这些衣服将由“I”去洗) I have a lot of clothes to be washed this evening. (表示这些衣服将不由“I”而让别人去洗) 在there be结构中，不定式即可使用主动语态也可使用被动语态: There is still much work to do. = We still have much to do. There is still much work to be done. = We can still do much work. 如做定语的不定式属于不及物动词，或所修饰的名词或代词为不定式分句的介词宾语，则需在不定式动词后使用适当的介词： Do you have anything to talk about? Could you please get me a piece of paper to write the address on? 但做定语的不定式动词所修饰的名词为time, money, place, way等, 则不需在该动词（即使为不及物动词）后面使用相应的介词，故通常省略介词： If you insist on my being there, I will have no time to finish the work. 动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系 Sleeping car swimming pool 现在分词 表示主动(与所修饰的词成主谓关系)或进行 the developing country/the developed country the guy ridding a bike/poems written by Li Bai 过去分词 表示被动(与所修饰的词成动宾关系)或完成 非谓语动词后置做定语时相当于一个缩略的关系分句。例如： Do you have anything to talk about? = Do you have anything that you want to talk about? Who is the guy ridding a bicycle？= Who is the guy that is ridding a bicycle？ I like poems written by Li Bai？= I like poems that/which are written by Li Bai？ 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津·二模）When you have a large, time-consuming task ________, you tend to put it off because you don’t really know where to start. A．completed B．complete C．completing D．to complete 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当你有一项耗时繁重的任务要完成时，往往会拖延，因为不知从何下手。此处考查固定结构have sth. to do，表示“有某事要做”，其中动词不定式作后置定语修饰前面的名词，表示将要发生的动作。 2.Protecting yourself from ________ theft is a matter of treating all your personal and financial documents as top-secret information. A．identity B．database C．conference D．resident 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词。句意：保护自己不被盗用身份就是把你所有的个人和财务文件当作绝密信息来对待。A. identity n. 身份；B. database n. 数据库，资料库；C. conference n. 专题讨论会；D. resident n. 居民。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词做定语，表示“身份”的意思，修饰后面的名词theft。故选A。 3．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag ________ the original blue box in _______ the notebooks were kept and a brown envelope. A．containing; where B．to contain; which C．containing; which D．to contain; that 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：警方发现，这两本“被盗”笔记本被放在一个礼品袋里，里面有原来装笔记本的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封。分析句子可知，该句第一空为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰a gift bag，a gift bag和contain为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式；该句第二空，为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是“the original blue box”，在定语从句作介词in的宾语成分，这里介词“in”已经提前，在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用关系代词“which”引导。故选C项。 4．（2026·天津南开·三模）While I was preparing for my final exams, I noticed an announcement about an internship opportunity ______ on the notice board in our school hallway. A．displayed B．having displayed C．displaying D．to be displayed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我准备期末考试的时候，我注意到学校走廊的公告栏上张贴着一则关于实习机会的通知。句中已有谓语动词noticed，空处需用非谓语形式；an announcement与动词display之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且表示该动作已经完成，需用过去分词作后置定语，修饰an announcement。 知识单元05 非谓语动词做主语和表语 要·点·整·合 区别 举例 不定式 通常表示特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主语时常用不定式作表语)有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the law is important. His goal is to get accepted by an illustrious university. 动名词 表示抽象比较或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job. 分词 无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，可被very, quite, rather等副词修饰。 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。 The situation is encouraging. The book is well written. (常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式) 思·维·迁·移 1.Tom thought it was an honor ___________ to speak in the ceremony. A．to invite B．to be invited C．inviting D．having invited 【答案】B 【详解】考查不定式用法。句意：Tom觉得很荣幸被邀请在典礼上讲话。根据句型分析可知，本题中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构，再根据句意可知，Tom和invite是被动关系，所以这里应用不定式的被动形式。故选B项。 2．（2025·天津·二模）As a cross-border doctor, my primary mission was ________ all those African patients. A．to save B．being saved C．save D．to be saved 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名跨境医生，我的首要任务是拯救所有非洲病人。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是my primary mission，was是系动词，后面需要用不定式作表语来补充说明主语的内容。逻辑主语与save之间为主动关系，所以用不定式的主动形式。故选A。 3．（2026·天津·一模）________ regularly for eight hours each night is widely believed to be crucial for both physical recovery and memory consolidation. A．To sleep. B．Having slept. C．Sleeping. D．Sleep. 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：每晚规律睡满八小时，被普遍认为对身体恢复和记忆巩固都至关重要。句子缺少主语，动名词Sleeping可直接作主语，表示一般性、习惯性的动作，符合语境；To sleep作主语多表示具体某次动作或目的，Having slept是完成式动名词，强调动作先于谓语发生，不符合此处“普遍规律”的语义，Sleep是动词原形，不能直接作主语，故选C。 4.Please remain________. Let’s have a discussion and try to find a solution acceptable to both sides. A．seating B．seated C．to seat D．to be seated 【答案】B 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：请继续坐着。让我们讨论一下，试着找到一个双方都能接受的解决方案。设空处句子为祈使句，相当于省略了主语，设空处和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词接在系动词之后作表语，故选B。 知识单元06 非谓语动词做状语 真·题·动·向 1.（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动，James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了”表示目的，所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。 2.（2022·天津·高考真题）The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again. A．allowing B．being allowed C．having allowed D．having been allowed 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个城市的温度已经从历史最低温度回归正常，使得人们又重新开始享受户外活动。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是have returned，allow用非谓语动词形式作状语，根据句意，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选A。 3.（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的固定结构。句意：玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师，因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.，意为“雇佣某人做某事”，根据句意，故选B。 4．（2020·天津·高考真题）The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show. A．being clapped B．clap C．clapped D．clapping 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes作伴随状语，其逻辑主语the audience和clap之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选D。 5.（2020·天津·高考真题）______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A．To help B．Helped C．Helping D．Being helped 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选A。 6．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。 7.（2020·天津·高考真题）___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world. A．Having completed B．Being completed C．Completed D．Completing 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼，它激发了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired，此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building和动词complete是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式，不表被动。B项是doing的被动式。故选C。 要·点·整·合 不定式 目的状语 He will go to Guangzhou to see his sister. 当不定式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，需用for将主语引出。例如： He stood aside for her to enter. 表示目的，也可使用in order to/so as to: He started early in order to catch the first bus to work. He left early so as to be there on time. He started early in order not to miss the last train.（表示否定的目的） He left early so as not to be late for class.（表示否定的目的） 结果状语 He got to the station only to be told/only to find that the train had left. He stood aside for her to enter. 表示目的，也可使用in order to/so as to: He started early in order to catch the first bus to work. He left early so as to be there on time. He started early in order not to miss the last train.（表示否定的目的） He left early so as not to be late for class.（表示否定的目的） 原因状语 I’m so excited to know I have passed the exam. 通常用在表示情感、运气的形容词或动词后（lucky, regret等）： 分词 时间状语 Climbing to the top of the mountain, we had a good view of the town. Heated, the metal expands. 原因状语 Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. 条件状语 Weather permitting, we’ll go outing at the beach, Analyzed from this perspective, the result is not as bad as you found. 让步状语 Having been to Tibet for many times, he doesn’t know what the Potala Palace is like. Defeated in the football match, the players didn’t lose heart. 伴随状语(通常位于句末) He sat under a tree, reading a book. The boy entered the classroom, followed by two girls hand in hand. 结果状语(通常位于句末) It rained heavily, causing serious flooding in that area. 分词作状语时，如不带主语，则其逻辑主语就是主句的主语，如分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语之间为主谓关系，则使用-ing分词；如为动宾关系，则使用 -ed分词。 分词作状语时，也可保留构成状语从句的相应连词when、if、 though、because等。例如： When climbing to the top of the mountain, we had a good view of the town. Though defeated in the football match, the players didn’t lose heart. 思·维·迁·移 1．（2026·天津红桥·三模）The company invested heavily in new technology efficiency, which ultimately helped them gain a competitive advantage in the market. A．increasing B．increased C．to increase D．having increased 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这家公司在新技术上投入巨资以提高效率，这最终帮助他们在市场上获得了竞争优势。句中主干完整，空格处需填入非谓语动词作目的状语，表示投资新技术的目的是为了提高效率。在英语中，动词不定式（to do）常用来作目的状语。 2．（2025·天津和平·一模）She searched the entire house for her keys, only________them resting on the kitchen counter where she had left them. A．finding B．to have found C．to find D．found 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她找遍了整个房子来寻找她的钥匙，结果却发现钥匙就在她之前放的那个厨房台面上。本句谓语为searched，此处为非谓语动词。“only+不定式”表示出乎意料的结果，所以要用find“发现”的不定式形式，作结果状语。故选C。 3．（2026·天津蓟州·一模）— My electric bike was stolen last night. —I’m sorry to hear that, but you are silly ______ it outside. A．to leave B．to have left C．leaving D．having left 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：—— 昨晚我的电动车被偷了。—— 听到这事我很遗憾，但你把它放在外面真是太傻了。   固定句型：be + 形容词（silly/foolish/clever 等）+ to do，表示 “做某事是…… 的”， “把车放在外面” 发生在车被偷之前，是过去已完成的动作，需用不定式完成式 to have left 体现动作先后。  故选B。 4．（2026·天津·三模）When the boss came all of a sudden, Jack stood there embarrassedly, ______ whether to put out the cigarette or not. A．wondered B．to wonder C．wondering D．wonder 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当老板突然进来时，杰克尴尬地站在那里，不知道是否该把烟熄灭。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语动词stood，且逗号前后没有连词，故空格处应填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语Jack与动词wonder（想知道，不知道）之间为主动关系，且伴随主句动作发生，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。 5．（2026·天津武清·模拟预测）_________ real-time traffic data with AI prediction models, the city has significantly reduced rush-hour congestion. A．Integrating B．Integrated C．To integrate D．Having been integrated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：通过将实时交通数据与人工智能预测模型相整合，这座城市显著减少了高峰时段的交通拥堵。句中已有谓语动词has reduced，且没有连词，故空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语。主句主语the city与动词integrate之间构成主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式作状语。 跨模块融合 非谓语动词+ 知·识·串·联 真·题·动·向 非谓语动词+完形填空 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to 1 seven years ago after having a 2 call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which 3 led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a 4 . Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle, before discovering a 6 for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey, the 7 lover has not only managed to 8 an impressive set of muscles but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on: Consider failure as a 10 to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “ 11 others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when 12 .” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise... the 13 is to feel good, not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the 14 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 15 for many social media users. 1．A．write B．travel C．exercise D．recover 2．A．goodwill B．timeout C．long-distance D．wake-up 3．A．normally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．automatically 4．A．change B．fortune C．wish D．deal 5．A．risky B．traditional C．comfortable D．healthy 6．A．demand B．secret C．passion D．cure 7．A．peace B．fitness C．fun D．nature 8．A．grow B．control C．activate D．relax 9．A．need B．choice C．reason D．difference 10．A．green light B．road block C．passing mark D．stepping stone 11．A．Help B．Consult C．Follow D．Forgive 12．A．accepted B．shared C．expected D．celebrated 13．A．goal B．case C．duty D．cost 14．A．instructors B．admirers C．beginners D．doubters 15．A．authority B．excuse C．inspiration D．option 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，消除网络质疑的故事。 【详解】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. write写作；B. travel旅行；C. exercise锻炼；D. recover康复。根据下文的“ Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out...”可知，此处指老奶奶开始锻炼身体。故选C。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. goodwill善意、友好；B. timeout超时；C. long-distance长途；D. wake-up唤醒。结合语境，再根据后文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可推知，此处指这是一次“警醒”老奶奶的经历。故选D。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直在与饮食失调和健康问题作斗争，最终导致她接受了手术。A. normally通常；B. ultimately最终；C. suddenly突然；D. automatically自动地。根据上文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”以及下文“led her to getting surgery”可推知，此处指健康问题最终导致手术。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那次经历之后，她知道她需要做出改变。A. change改变；B. fortune幸运；C. wish愿望；D. deal交易。根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及后文“turn her life around”可推知，此处指她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. risky有风险的；B. traditional传统的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可推知，此处指她选择健康的生活方式。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. demand要求；B. secret秘密；C. passion激情，热情；D. cure疗法、药物。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 5 lifestyle”以及下文的“for weightlifting”可推知，此处指她积极锻炼身体，对举重产生了热情，a passion for sth.意为“对某事充满热情”。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. peace和平；B. fitness健身；C. fun乐趣；D. nature自然。根据下文“workout content”可推知，此处指她是健身爱好者。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. grow形成，产生；B. control控制；C. activate激活；D. relax放松。根据下文“an impressive set of muscles”可推知，此处指她练出肌肉，即产生肌肉。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好。A. need需要；B. choice选择；C. reason理由；D. difference差异。根据上文“no”以及下文“others can’t look this good”可推知，此处指她认为自己可以做到，没有理由别人不能做到。故选C。 10．考查名词短语辨析。句意：坚持下去：把失败当作通往成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。A. green light绿灯；B. road block路障；C. passing mark通过标志；D. stepping stone踏脚石。结合语境，再根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no 9 others can’t look this good.”和“failure as a”以及下文“to success”可推知，此处指失败是成功的垫脚石。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助他人：在你的旅程中激励他人。A. Help帮助；B. Consult咨询；C. Follow遵循；D. Forgive原谅。根据下文“Lift others up”可推知，此处指她提倡帮助他人。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享成功更甜蜜。A. accepted接受；B. shared共享；C. expected期待；D. celebrated庆祝。根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no  ___9___  others can’t look this good.”可知，这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好，由此可知，此处指的是成功在分享时更甜蜜。故选B。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她此前曾解释道：“你无需拥有完美身材才能锻炼……锻炼的目标是让自己感觉良好，而非看起来好看。”A. goal目标；B. case案例；C. duty责任；D. cost成本。根据上文“you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise”以及下文“is to feel good, not look good.”可推知，此处指运动的目标是感觉良好。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. instructors讲师；B. admirers爱慕者；C. beginners初学者；D. doubters持怀疑态度的人。根据上文“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the”以及下文“wrong in the best possible way”可推知，此处指Donohue女士用自己的方式证明怀疑者错了。故选D。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. authority权威；B. excuse借口；C. inspiration灵感；D. option选项。根据语境以及下文“for many social media users”可知，一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，这对其他人来说就是励志的典范，由此可知，此处指她成为许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。故选C。 思·维·迁·移 （2026·天津·一模）I was ten years old, standing on the stage. My hands were 1 and my heart was beating fast, and through the sea of faces in the audience, I was searching for the only one who 2 most to me. She knew that our 3 were today. She’d promised me she would be there. “The life of an elephant and the life of a human,” I said, 4 audible(听得见的), “are not so different.” My fingers 5 the watercolor painting I’d done of an African elephant; I knew that my face was red and that everyone was 6 me because of it, which only made me blush(脸红) even more. Speaking in public had never been 7 for me, but today, having to present my animal research project to a 8 gym, was terrifying. I swallowed hard. “Over the 9 of a lifetime, elephants both 10 and are affected by their environment. Elephants live in female-led groups. The matriarch-the oldest in the family-makes all the. 11 .” I glanced at my teacher, who gave me a smile of 12 , and just then I saw a(n) 13 at the door of the gym. She came in. “Elephants 14 , not just with gestures but also with sounds too low for us to hear.” Suddenly, my mind went blank. I could not 15 a single word. My 16 became the heartbeat of the world. I had 17 this presentation in the shower, while brushing my teeth, and while riding on the bus. As it turned out, there was something 18 :forgetting the speech. Then my mother cleared her throat, and our eyes 19 . Gradually, I started to remember everything. In all the years since then, I have never forgotten a single 20 about elephants. 1．A．free B．sweaty C．tired D．empty 2．A．mattered B．hesitated C．escaped D．appeared 3．A．interviews B．experiments C．presentations D．celebrations 4．A．formerly B．constantly C．barely D．shortly 5．A．created B．gave C．repaired D．held 6．A．cheering for B．caring about C．arguing with D．staring at 7．A．fair B．easy C．safe D．boring 8．A．connected B．heated C．crowded D．renewed 9．A．purpose B．course C．discovery D．opportunity 10．A．affect B．admire C．explore D．observe 11．A．enemies B．efforts C．mistakes D．decisions 12．A．sympathy B．welcome C．encouragement D．innocence 13．A．exhibition B．movement C．notice D．painting 14．A．communicate B．compete C．compare D．compromise 15．A．miss B．recognize C．understand D．remember 16．A．breathing B．writing C．drawing D．reading 17．A．downloaded B．practiced C．attended D．announced 18．A．funnier B．further C．stronger D．worse 19．A．hurt B．opened C．locked D．saw 20．A．speech B．image C．lesson D．fact 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是让作者终身难忘的一次演讲经历。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我双手冒汗，心跳加速，在观众的人海中，我在寻找唯一对我最重要的人。A. free自由的；B. sweaty出汗的；C. tired疲惫的；D. empty空的。根据下文中的“and my heart was beating fast”可知，作者此时很紧张，所以此处指的是双手“出汗”。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我双手冒汗，心跳加速，在观众的人海中，我在寻找唯一对我最重要的人。A. mattered要紧；B. hesitated犹豫；C. escaped逃避；D. appeared出现。根据下文中的“Then my mother cleared her throat, and our eyes ____19____. Gradually, I started to remember everything.”可知，在作者突然大脑空白的时候，母亲的出现，让作者想起演讲的内容，由此可知，母亲是作者人生中“重要”的人物，作者演讲前在找寻母亲。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她知道我们今天要做演讲。A. interviews采访，面试；B. experiments实验；C. presentations演讲；D. celebrations庆祝。根据下文中的“I had ____17____ this presentation in the shower, while brushing my teeth, and while riding on the bus.”可知，作者在洗澡时，刷牙时都在准备这次演讲的内容，由此可知，此处指的是作者的“演讲，演讲”符合语境。故选C项。 4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“大象的生活和人类的生活，”我说，声音几乎听不见，“并没有那么大的不同。”。A. formerly以前；B. constantly连续地；C. barely几乎不；D. shortly不久。根据上文中的“My hands were ____1____ and my heart was beating fast”可知，作者在演讲时很紧张，所以此处表示作者说话声音很小。故选C项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的手指拿着一幅我画的非洲象水彩画；我知道我的脸红了，所有人都因此盯着我看，这只会让我脸红得更厉害。A. created创造；B. gave给予；C. repaired修复；D. held举行，握着。根据下文中的“the watercolor painting”可知，此处指的是作者紧紧“握着”手里画的大象的画，仍旧表现出紧张的状态。故选D项。 6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的手指拿着一幅我画的非洲象水彩画；我知道我的脸红了，所有人都因此盯着我看，这只会让我脸红得更厉害A. cheering for为......欢呼；B. caring about在意；C. arguing with和......争辩；D. staring at凝视。根据下文中的“which only made me blush(脸红) even more.”以及语境可知，此处指的是所有的人都“盯着”作者，让他的脸更红。故选D项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在公共场合演讲对我来说从来都不容易，但今天，不得不在拥挤的体育馆展示我的动物研究项目，真是太可怕了。A. fair公平的；B. easy容易的；C. safe安全的；D. boring无聊的。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在公共场合演讲对我来说从来都不容易，但今天，不得不在拥挤的体育馆展示我的动物研究项目，真是太可怕了。A. connected连接；B. heated加热；C. crowded拥挤；D. renewed恢复。根据下文中的“but today, having to present my animal research project to a ____8____ gym, was terrifying.”可知，作者觉得这次演讲“真的很可怕”，由此推断，作者觉得作演讲对她来说不“容易”。故选C项。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大象的一生中，它们既影响环境，也被环境影响。A. purpose目的；B. course过程；C. discovery发现；D. opportunity机会。根据下文中的“a lifetime”以及语境可知，此处指的是在大象的一生中，此处course意为“进程”，over the course of 意为“在……过程中”符合语境。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大象的一生中，它们既影响环境，也被环境影响。A. affect影响；B. admire羡慕；C. explore探索；D. observe观察。根据下文中的“and are affected by their environment.”可知，此处指的是“影响和被影响”。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有的决定都由家族中最年长的母亲做出。A. enemies敌人；B. efforts努力；C. mistakes错误；D. decisions决定。根据上文中的“Elephants live in female-led groups.”可知，大象是雌性带领的动物群体，所以“决定”是由最年长的母性做出。故选D项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我瞥了一眼老师，她朝我微笑着鼓励我，就在这时，我看到体育馆门口有动静。A. sympathy同情；B. welcome欢迎；C. encouragement鼓励；D. innocence无辜。根据上文中的“I glanced at my teacher, who gave me a smile”可知，作者老师微笑着，应该是给作者“鼓励”。故选C项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我瞥了一眼老师，她朝我微笑着鼓励我，就在这时，我看到体育馆门口有动静。A. exhibition展览；B. movement移动；C. notice通知；D. painting绘画。根据下文中的“at the door of the gym. She came in.”可知，作者母亲来了，门口应该是有“移动”符合语境。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大象不仅用手势交流，还用我们听不到的低沉声音交流。A. communicate交流；B. compete    竞争；C. compare比较；D. compromise妥协。根据语境以及下文中的“but also with sounds too low for us to hear.”可知，此处指的是大象“交流”的方式。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一个字也不记得了。我的呼吸成了世界的心跳。A. miss错过，思念；B. recognize识别；C. understand理解；D. remember记住。根据上文中的“Suddenly, my mind went blank.”可知，作者大脑一片空白，所以此处指的是，作者“记”不起一个字。故选D项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的呼吸成了世界的心跳。A. breathing呼吸；B. writing写作；C. drawing绘画；D. reading阅读。根据下文中的“the heartbeat of the world.”可知，作者此时非常的紧张，都难以“呼吸”。故选A项。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在洗澡的时候、刷牙的时候、坐公共汽车的时候都练习过这个演讲。A. downloaded下载；B. practiced练习；C. attended参加；D. announced宣布。根据下文中的“while brushing my teeth, and while riding on the bus.”可知，作者为这次演讲精心准备，所以此处指的是作者在各种情况下进行“练习”这次演讲。故选B项。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，还有更糟糕的事情:忘记演讲。A. funnier更有趣的；B. further更进一步；C. stronger更强大的；D. worse更糟糕的。根据下文中的“forgetting the speech.”可知，在作演讲时，忘记了自己做什么，这是很“糟糕的”事情。故选D项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我母亲清了清嗓子，我们的目光相遇了。A. hurt伤害；B. opened打开；C. locked锁上；D. saw看见。根据上文中的“Then my mother cleared her throat”可知，母亲到了后，清了一下嗓子，是提醒作者继续，此处指的是作者与母亲的目光相遇，eyes locked意为“对视，注视”符合语境。故选C项。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后的这些年里，我从来没有忘记过关于大象的任何一件事。A. speech语言；B. image形象；C. lesson教训；D. fact事实。根据下文中的“about elephants”以及上文中作者的经历可知，此处指的是作者不会忘记关于大象的任何“事实”，这次经历是作者终生难忘的事。故选D项。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $