专题02 主谓一致 （复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题02 主谓一致 （复习讲义）
目 录
1. 考情分析·二轮定向
深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点
2. 思维导图·体系构建
打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架
3. 专题精讲·知能进阶
三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法
真题动向
要点整合
思维迁移
知识单元01 语法一致………………………………………………4
知识单元02 意义一致………………………………………………6
知识单元03 就近一致………………………………………7
4. 模块融合·综合探析
知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境
知识串联
真题动向
思维迁移
跨模块融合 主谓一致+………………………………………………………10
考向01单项选择（命题主阵地）
考向02主谓一致+谓语动词（时态语态）【最高频】
考向03阅读理解+ 主谓一致融合
知识单元
高考解读
命题预测
语法一致原则
脱离孤立单句、嵌入语篇：
不再孤立考查单复数形式，在长句中先找准真正主语，再由主语的数决定谓语形式；核心区分可数名词单复数、不可数名词、不定式/动名词/主语从句作主语（谓语多用单数）等语法属性，不被修饰成分干扰。
考向预测：①主谓一致辨析继续“去孤立化”，嵌入语篇推理链考查；②找准真正主语、剥离定语和插入语仍是第一主战场；③可与时态语态、名词单复数知识点交叉融合；④在单项选择、完形填空中反复复用。
考法预测：①从语篇长句、上下文切入，集合名词的整体/个体含义、数量名词的整体语义都可能成为题眼；②按“主语语义—谓语形式”联动判断；③阅读理解、阅读表达中借助主谓关系拆分长难句；④书面表达中准确使用集合名词的谓语形式，规避低级错误。
情境载体：科技说明文本、人物记叙、传统文化、生态话题；单项选择混合考查主谓一致与时态语态，完形填空结合语境判断主语数与谓语形式，阅读理解拆分长句主干主谓关系，阅读表达句子改写时注意主谓匹配，书面表达保证主谓一致、表达准确地道。
意义一致原则
嫁接语境、重语义：
不再只看表面单复数，结合语境判断主语实际含义；集合名词（family, team, group, class 等）表整体用单数、表成员用复数；时间、金钱、距离、重量等数量词作主语看作整体，谓语用单数；形式复数、意义单数的名词按语义匹配谓语。
就近 / 就远一致原则
情境搭配化：
依托并列结构、附加成分判断谓语跟随对象；就近一致用于 there be、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also… 等结构；就远一致用于 together with、as well as、besides、except、but 等附带插入成分，谓语跟随前面的中心主语。
跨模块融合：
主谓一致
弱化单点记忆、强化结构逻辑：
跳出单一单复数考查，以“找准主语—判断语义—匹配谓语”为底层主线，打通名词单复数、时态语态、从句、并列结构等知识点。载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形语篇中；同时联动书面表达句子准确度迁移，一结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。
主谓一致
真·题·动·向
1.（2025天津卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ______ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
2. （2023天津卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing
3. （2022天津卷）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing
4. （2020天津卷）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5. （2017天津卷）The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012.
A. are dropping B. is dropping C. have dropped D. has dropped
1. a number of + 复数名词（许多）→谓语复数；`the number of + 复数名词`（…… 的数量）→谓语单数
2. many a + 单数名词、more than one + 单数名词`：形式单数，意义复数，谓语用单数
- Many a student has read the book.
3. quantities of + 名词 →谓语永远复数；a quantity of +名词` 由名词单复决定
4. each + 单数名词 / each of +复数名词 →谓语单数
5. 由 and 连接：
两个不同主语：谓语复数；
同一人 / 同一事物（the writer and singer 作家兼歌手）→谓语单数
6. 分数、百分数 + of + 名词：谓语由 of 后面名词决定
70% of the earth is water. / Two thirds of the students like it.
知识单元01 语法一致
要·点·整·合
即“单则单，复则复”。
1. 由and连接两个单词作主语时，要看其意义来决定谓语动词的用单数还是复数。
（1）如果表示的是两个不同的对象，谓语动词用复数
John and Mary are my friends. John 和Mary都是我的朋友。
The worker and the writer have come to the meeting. 那位工人和那位作家都来参加会议了。
（2）如果表示的是同一个整体或者指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用单数。
The worker and writer has come. 那位工人作家来了。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here. 炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。
（3）两个单数名词前有every, each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl wants to help the farmers pick oranges. 每个男孩和每个女孩都想去帮农民摘桔子。
2.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anyboday, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anthing, nothing, something, everything, everyone everybody, neither等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
none 作主语时，谓语动词单、复数均可。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家到了吗？
3.主语+介词（短语）：with, except, like, over, besides, as well as, rather than, more than, together with, along with等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前面的主语为准。
I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。
A woman with two children is over here at the bus stop. 一个带着两个小孩的妇女在公共汽车站的那儿。
4.动名词、不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛健康有益。
To play in the street is dangerous. 在大街上玩耍是危险的。
5.both, few, a few, many, several, some, others做主语，或他们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Both of them are my class. 他们俩在我们班。
A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. 有的人可以活到100岁，但没有人可以活到150岁。
思·维·迁·移
1．（2026·天津·一模）So far many a student _________ that honesty and diligence _________ the key to success.
A．has realized; is B．have realized; are C．has realized; are D．have realized; is
2．（2026·天津南开·一模）Many a student in our grade ________ professional English learning apps to assist with vocabulary accumulation since the new term began, and the effect is obvious.
A．has used B．have used C．used D．uses
3．（2025·天津·模拟预测）At the ongoing international technology conference, many a research team ______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges.
A．are presenting B．is presenting C．was presenting D．were presenting
4．（2025·天津·模拟预测）Three-fifths of the school’s outdoor sports facilities, including the basketball courts and tennis courts, __________ damaged in the recent storm.
A．was B．were C．has been D．had been
5．（24-25高三下·天津南开·阶段检测）At the present consumer expo, many a Chinese tech company _______ impressive humanoid robots.
A．is showcasing B．are showcasing C．was showcasing D．were showcasing
知识单元02 意义一致
要·点·整·合
主语和谓语动词的一直关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式。
1.police（警察）, people（人们）等有生命意义的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching the hill for the spies. 警察在山上搜捕间谍。
In England, people eat fish and chips. 在英国，人们吃油煎鱼加炸土豆片。
当people作“民族译时，谓语动词用单数。
The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是个伟大的民族。
2.family, class, group, team等有生命意义的集体名词做主语时，
如强调整体，谓语动词用单数
如被看作组成该集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数。
Our family is a happy one. 我们有一个幸福的家庭。
My family all like music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。（指家庭中一个个成员之和）
3.old, young, poor, rich等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。
The old are taken good care of here. 这儿的老人受到很好的照顾。
4.English, Chinese, Japanese等与the连用时表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The English speak English.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.
5.姓氏用复数，且前面加上the表示一家人或者夫妇二人，常用复数。
The Greens are going to London for a holiday. 格林家打算到伦敦度假。
6. 名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs作主语时，谓语动词取决于改动词后面名词的数。
动词后面的名词为单数，谓语动词用单数；
动词后面的名词为复数，谓语动词用复数。
Ours are old bike. 我们的是旧单车。
My father is a doctorand theirs are workers,我的父亲是医生，他们的是工人。
7.以-s结尾名词，如news, works（作品）, maths, plastic及以-ics结尾的学科名称名词，如physics, politics等做主语，谓语动词必须用单数。
The news was very exciting. 这个消息激动人心。
Maths is very popular in our class. 数学在我们班很流行。
8.有的名词如trousers（裤子）, clothes（衣服）, glasses（眼镜）,compasses（圆规）, chopsticks（筷子）等做主语，谓语动词用复数。
What color are Jim’s trousers?
My clothes are on the bed.
9.表示时间、距离、重量、价格、长度数学运算等的名词复数做主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。
10.含有of的短语和介词宾语做主语时：
（1）half of, some of , most of, all of, a lot of, five sevens of, percent of等短语的动词单复数取决于of后面所跟名词或代词。
即：单数名词，谓语动词就用单数；
复数名词，谓语动词就用复数。
Half of my spare time is spent on my hobby.
Two thirds of the workers in the factory are women. 这间工厂三分之二工人是妇女。
但名词population除外，当作整体时，谓语动词用单数；
强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are farmers.中国的人口是13.6亿，其中70%是农民。
（2）当pair of, piece of, kind of, glass of, cup of, box of, bag of, basket of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词的形式要与of前面的量词保持一致。
This kind of books is very popular with young people.
This pair of shoes is mine. Those two pairs of shoes are yours.
（3）either of +名词或代词，neither of +名词或代词 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；
none of+名词或代词 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
Has either of them told you about it? 他们俩中一人告诉你此事吗？
Neither of the answers is right. 两种答案都不对。
（4）a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a number of+名词 作主语时，谓语动词要根据名词的数来确定。
A lot of boys are under the tree. 许多孩子在树下。
Lots of food is in the fridge. 许多食物在冰箱。
但the number of+名词时，谓语动词要用单数，意为“…的数量”，强调的是一个数字
The number of students in our school is more than for hundred. 我们学校的学生人数是四百多。
思·维·迁·移
1．（2026·天津东丽·一模）The number of applications for the science club ___ since the opening of the new lab.
A．are growing B．is growing C．have grown D．has grown
2．（2025·天津·模拟预测）Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province.
A．have been spent B．were spent C．has been spent D．was spent
3．（2025·天津北辰·三模）Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us.
A．would observe B．observed C．were observing D．was observing
4．（24-25高三下·天津南开·阶段检测）Three quarters of the city’s population ________ vaccinated against the virus so far.
A．has been B．have been C．was D．were
5．（24-25高三上·天津北辰·阶段检测）Every boy and every girl ______ pleased when they saw Shenzhou XV, with Fei Junlong, one of the most expert Chinese astronaut, to carry out the flight mission, was sent up to space.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
知识单元03 就近一致
要·点·整·合
就近一致原则是指当主语是两个或者两个以上的并列名词或代词时，谓语动词的数要与最近的名词或者代词的数保持一致。
1.连词or, either…or, not…but, neither…nor, not only…but also, wheter…or等连接并列主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语保持一致。
Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错，要么是他错吗？
Not only I but also Tom and Jim are tired of having one examination after another. 不进我而且Tom 和Jim也厌烦了一个接一个的考试。
2.there be，here be句子中，如果注意不止一个时，谓语动词be的数要与最近的名词或者代词的数保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支笔，一把刀和几本书。
There are several books, a pen and a knife on the desk.桌上有几本书，一支笔和一把刀。
思·维·迁·移
1．（2026·天津·二模）Either the teacher or the students who ________ to give a presentation ________ to arrive at the hall ahead of time.
A．are; is required B．is; is required C．are; are required D．is; are required
2．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently.
A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given
3.Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class helpful for understanding a noun clause functions.
A．is; how B．are; how C．is; what D．are; what
4．（2026·天津河西·二模）— Why haven’t you finished the project report yet?
— To be honest, neither the manager’s constant changes to the plan nor the lack of reliable data________ the main trouble. It’s just that I’ve been waiting for the lab results, which are expected to arrive this afternoon.
A．create B．creates C．are to create D．is to create
跨模块融合 主谓一致+
知·识·串·联
真·题·动·向
主谓一致+完形填空
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4 with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down
2．A．hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment
3．A．store B．display C．sell D．repair
4．A．covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped
5．A．conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable
6．A．fees B．photos C．receipts D．models
7．A．move B．pay C．market D．work
8．A．warning B．request C．description D．reply
9．A．Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged
10．A．visits B．reports C．advice D．money
11．A．remove B．spare C．find D．check
12．A．investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended
13．A．giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings
14．A．joy B．part C．care D．time
15．A．anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing
思·维·迁·移
（2026·天津·一模）I often 1 writing for weeks or even months, waiting for that perfect moment when my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony, letting thoughts 2 . But that moment rarely arrived and I 3 putting together a hasty piece only when deadlines got really close.
Then I met Sachin, a fellow PhD student equally 4 under the weight of a fellowship application. We made a pact: after dinner, we’d sit together with laptops open, phones 5 . When I was tempted to scroll my phone, seeing Sachin 6 writing made me put it down in embarrassment and turn to my work.
Our informal 7 soon became a habit: we 8 weekly 90-minute sessions and began each by naming a small, achievable goal. 9 stressing over an entire proposal, we only had to finish a tiny piece of it. Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress. Those small 10 built momentum (动力) and confidence; a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals. Writing never got as easy as I’d hoped, but it became less lonely and far more 11 .
Sachin and I noticed our peers facing similar struggles and wanted to 12 this experience. Two years after our first 13 , we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students preparing their thesis proposals. Each week, a group 14 in a quiet seminar room: first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing, and 15 a reflection period.
The room felt tense at first, but as people 16 during reflection, a sense of relief spread. Some students told us the sessions took away the 17 of the blank page and they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks, knowing peer support would keep them 18 .
Over 2 years, two overwhelmed students staring at blank screens has grown into a small 19 that makes writing less lonely. Our experience shows us that accountability, camaraderie (情谊), and a shared sense of purpose can 20 the barriers that make writing so frightening.
1．A．engaged in B．took up C．carried on D．put off
2．A．flow B．stay C．work D．progress
3．A．started out B．insisted on C．ended up D．went for
4．A．hidden B．melted C．exposed D．buried
5．A．away B．on C．out D．in
6．A．tired of B．concerned with C．focused on D．distracted from
7．A．agreement B．suggestion C．compromise D．mission
8．A．disciplined B．scheduled C．targeted D．issued
9．A．Apart from B．Regardless of C．Prior to D．Instead of
10．A．losses B．wins C．recipes D．tasks
11．A．faithful B．productive C．reliable D．urgent
12．A．interpret B．avoid C．share D．explore
13．A．meetup B．breakthrough C．takeoff D．checkout
14．A．ranged B．bounded C．celebrated D．gathered
15．A．immediately B．normally C．finally D．temporarily
16．A．calmed down B．opened up C．got around D．watched out
17．A．surprise B．doubt C．excitement D．fear
18．A．humble B．responsible C．influential D．cautious
19．A．society B．section C．community D．class
20．A．identify B．lower C．present D．distinguish
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专题02 主谓一致 （复习讲义）
目 录
1. 考情分析·二轮定向
深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点
2. 思维导图·体系构建
打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架
3. 专题精讲·知能进阶
三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法
真题动向
要点整合
思维迁移
知识单元01 语法一致………………………………………………4
知识单元02 意义一致………………………………………………6
知识单元03 就近一致………………………………………7
4. 模块融合·综合探析
知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境
知识串联
真题动向
思维迁移
跨模块融合 主谓一致+………………………………………………………10
考向01单项选择（命题主阵地）
考向02主谓一致+谓语动词（时态语态）【最高频】
考向03阅读理解+ 主谓一致融合
知识单元
高考解读
命题预测
语法一致原则
脱离孤立单句、嵌入语篇：
不再孤立考查单复数形式，在长句中先找准真正主语，再由主语的数决定谓语形式；核心区分可数名词单复数、不可数名词、不定式/动名词/主语从句作主语（谓语多用单数）等语法属性，不被修饰成分干扰。
考向预测：①主谓一致辨析继续“去孤立化”，嵌入语篇推理链考查；②找准真正主语、剥离定语和插入语仍是第一主战场；③可与时态语态、名词单复数知识点交叉融合；④在单项选择、完形填空中反复复用。
考法预测：①从语篇长句、上下文切入，集合名词的整体/个体含义、数量名词的整体语义都可能成为题眼；②按“主语语义—谓语形式”联动判断；③阅读理解、阅读表达中借助主谓关系拆分长难句；④书面表达中准确使用集合名词的谓语形式，规避低级错误。
情境载体：科技说明文本、人物记叙、传统文化、生态话题；单项选择混合考查主谓一致与时态语态，完形填空结合语境判断主语数与谓语形式，阅读理解拆分长句主干主谓关系，阅读表达句子改写时注意主谓匹配，书面表达保证主谓一致、表达准确地道。
意义一致原则
嫁接语境、重语义：
不再只看表面单复数，结合语境判断主语实际含义；集合名词（family, team, group, class 等）表整体用单数、表成员用复数；时间、金钱、距离、重量等数量词作主语看作整体，谓语用单数；形式复数、意义单数的名词按语义匹配谓语。
就近 / 就远一致原则
情境搭配化：
依托并列结构、附加成分判断谓语跟随对象；就近一致用于 there be、either…or…、neither…nor…、not only…but also… 等结构；就远一致用于 together with、as well as、besides、except、but 等附带插入成分，谓语跟随前面的中心主语。
跨模块融合：
主谓一致
弱化单点记忆、强化结构逻辑：
跳出单一单复数考查，以“找准主语—判断语义—匹配谓语”为底层主线，打通名词单复数、时态语态、从句、并列结构等知识点。载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形语篇中；同时联动书面表达句子准确度迁移，一结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。
主谓一致
真·题·动·向
1.（2025天津卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who ______ awarded for their extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：邓稼先是因对中国 “两弹一星” 工程作出非凡贡献而获奖的 23 位科学家之一。先行词为 “23 scientists”，关系代词 “who” 指代复数先行词，定语从句谓语动词需与先行词单复数一致；且 “科学家” 与 “获奖” 是被动关系，需用被动语态 “be awarded”，结合复数主语，故用 “were”。
2. （2023天津卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。
3. （2022天津卷）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
4. （2020天津卷）A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：去年进行的一项调查显示，该市80％的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，主句时态为一般过去时，根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时，且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数，按照主谓一致原则，因此使用be动词were。故选D项。
5. （2017天津卷）The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012.
A. are dropping B. is dropping C. have dropped D. has dropped
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：自2012年1月以来，该地区销售电脑的公司数量已经下降。A. are dropping现在进行时，复数形式；B. is dropping现在进行时，单数形式；C. have dropped现在完成时，复数形式；D. has dropped现在完成时，单数形式。根据句中时间状语since January 2012可知，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态，又因短语The number of + n.作主语时视为单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。综上，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态，单数形式。故选D项。
1. a number of + 复数名词（许多）→谓语复数；`the number of + 复数名词`（…… 的数量）→谓语单数
2. many a + 单数名词、more than one + 单数名词`：形式单数，意义复数，谓语用单数
- Many a student has read the book.
3. quantities of + 名词 →谓语永远复数；a quantity of +名词` 由名词单复决定
4. each + 单数名词 / each of +复数名词 →谓语单数
5. 由 and 连接：
两个不同主语：谓语复数；
同一人 / 同一事物（the writer and singer 作家兼歌手）→谓语单数
6. 分数、百分数 + of + 名词：谓语由 of 后面名词决定
70% of the earth is water. / Two thirds of the students like it.
知识单元01 语法一致
要·点·整·合
即“单则单，复则复”。
1. 由and连接两个单词作主语时，要看其意义来决定谓语动词的用单数还是复数。
（1）如果表示的是两个不同的对象，谓语动词用复数
John and Mary are my friends. John 和Mary都是我的朋友。
The worker and the writer have come to the meeting. 那位工人和那位作家都来参加会议了。
（2）如果表示的是同一个整体或者指的是同一个事物，谓语动词用单数。
The worker and writer has come. 那位工人作家来了。
Fish and chips is a popular supper here. 炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。
（3）两个单数名词前有every, each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl wants to help the farmers pick oranges. 每个男孩和每个女孩都想去帮农民摘桔子。
2.不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anyboday, no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anthing, nothing, something, everything, everyone everybody, neither等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
none 作主语时，谓语动词单、复数均可。
Somebody is using the phone. 有人在用电话。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家到了吗？
3.主语+介词（短语）：with, except, like, over, besides, as well as, rather than, more than, together with, along with等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前面的主语为准。
I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们，我也愿意帮助你。
A woman with two children is over here at the bus stop. 一个带着两个小孩的妇女在公共汽车站的那儿。
4.动名词、不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛健康有益。
To play in the street is dangerous. 在大街上玩耍是危险的。
5.both, few, a few, many, several, some, others做主语，或他们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
Both of them are my class. 他们俩在我们班。
A few people can live to 100, but few can live to 150. 有的人可以活到100岁，但没有人可以活到150岁。
思·维·迁·移
1．（2026·天津·一模）So far many a student _________ that honesty and diligence _________ the key to success.
A．has realized; is B．have realized; are C．has realized; are D．have realized; is
【答案】C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，许多学生都已经认识到诚实和勤奋是取得成功的关键。第一空many a + 单数名词，谓语动词用单数；第二空honesty and diligence作主语，谓语用复数。故选C。
2．（2026·天津南开·一模）Many a student in our grade ________ professional English learning apps to assist with vocabulary accumulation since the new term began, and the effect is obvious.
A．has used B．have used C．used D．uses
【答案】A
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：自从新学期开始，我们年级许多学生一直在使用专业的英语学习应用程序来帮助积累词汇，效果很明显。“Many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词需用单数形式。且由句中时间状语“since the new term began”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A项。
3．（2025·天津·模拟预测）At the ongoing international technology conference, many a research team ______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges.
A．are presenting B．is presenting C．was presenting D．were presenting
【答案】B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在正在进行的国际技术会议上，许多研究团队提出了应对全球能源挑战的创新解决方案。由At the ongoing international technology conference可知，句子时态是现在进行时，“many a+可数名词的单数形式”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，因此空格处是is presenting。故选B。
4．（2025·天津·模拟预测）Three-fifths of the school’s outdoor sports facilities, including the basketball courts and tennis courts, __________ damaged in the recent storm.
A．was B．were C．has been D．had been
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：学校五分之三的户外运动设施，包括篮球场和网球场，在最近的暴风雨中被损坏了。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是“Three-fifths of the school’s outdoor sports facilities”，为分数短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数后面的名词，“outdoor sports facilities”为复数名词，所以谓语动词应用复数形式。时间状语“in the recent storm”表示过去的具体时间，应用一般过去时。故选B项。
5．（24-25高三下·天津南开·阶段检测）At the present consumer expo, many a Chinese tech company _______ impressive humanoid robots.
A．is showcasing B．are showcasing C．was showcasing D．were showcasing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在目前的消费博览会上，许多中国科技公司都展示了令人印象深刻的人形机器人。作谓语，根据上文At the present consumer expo可知为现在进行时，主语为many a Chinese tech company，“many a +单数名词”表示“许多……”，在意义上虽表示复数，但作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选A。
知识单元02 意义一致
要·点·整·合
主语和谓语动词的一直关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式。
1.police（警察）, people（人们）等有生命意义的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching the hill for the spies. 警察在山上搜捕间谍。
In England, people eat fish and chips. 在英国，人们吃油煎鱼加炸土豆片。
当people作“民族译时，谓语动词用单数。
The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是个伟大的民族。
2.family, class, group, team等有生命意义的集体名词做主语时，
如强调整体，谓语动词用单数
如被看作组成该集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数。
Our family is a happy one. 我们有一个幸福的家庭。
My family all like music. 我的家人都喜欢音乐。（指家庭中一个个成员之和）
3.old, young, poor, rich等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。
The old are taken good care of here. 这儿的老人受到很好的照顾。
4.English, Chinese, Japanese等与the连用时表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The English speak English.
The Chinese are kind and friendly.
5.姓氏用复数，且前面加上the表示一家人或者夫妇二人，常用复数。
The Greens are going to London for a holiday. 格林家打算到伦敦度假。
6. 名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs作主语时，谓语动词取决于改动词后面名词的数。
动词后面的名词为单数，谓语动词用单数；
动词后面的名词为复数，谓语动词用复数。
Ours are old bike. 我们的是旧单车。
My father is a doctorand theirs are workers,我的父亲是医生，他们的是工人。
7.以-s结尾名词，如news, works（作品）, maths, plastic及以-ics结尾的学科名称名词，如physics, politics等做主语，谓语动词必须用单数。
The news was very exciting. 这个消息激动人心。
Maths is very popular in our class. 数学在我们班很流行。
8.有的名词如trousers（裤子）, clothes（衣服）, glasses（眼镜）,compasses（圆规）, chopsticks（筷子）等做主语，谓语动词用复数。
What color are Jim’s trousers?
My clothes are on the bed.
9.表示时间、距离、重量、价格、长度数学运算等的名词复数做主语，表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。
10.含有of的短语和介词宾语做主语时：
（1）half of, some of , most of, all of, a lot of, five sevens of, percent of等短语的动词单复数取决于of后面所跟名词或代词。
即：单数名词，谓语动词就用单数；
复数名词，谓语动词就用复数。
Half of my spare time is spent on my hobby.
Two thirds of the workers in the factory are women. 这间工厂三分之二工人是妇女。
但名词population除外，当作整体时，谓语动词用单数；
强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are farmers.中国的人口是13.6亿，其中70%是农民。
（2）当pair of, piece of, kind of, glass of, cup of, box of, bag of, basket of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词的形式要与of前面的量词保持一致。
This kind of books is very popular with young people.
This pair of shoes is mine. Those two pairs of shoes are yours.
（3）either of +名词或代词，neither of +名词或代词 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数；
none of+名词或代词 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。
Has either of them told you about it? 他们俩中一人告诉你此事吗？
Neither of the answers is right. 两种答案都不对。
（4）a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a number of+名词 作主语时，谓语动词要根据名词的数来确定。
A lot of boys are under the tree. 许多孩子在树下。
Lots of food is in the fridge. 许多食物在冰箱。
但the number of+名词时，谓语动词要用单数，意为“…的数量”，强调的是一个数字
The number of students in our school is more than for hundred. 我们学校的学生人数是四百多。
思·维·迁·移
1．（2026·天津东丽·一模）The number of applications for the science club ___ since the opening of the new lab.
A．are growing B．is growing C．have grown D．has grown
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：自从新实验室开放以来，申请科学俱乐部的申请数量一直在增长。The number of后面接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式，根据since the opening of the new lab可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。
2．（2025·天津·模拟预测）Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province.
A．have been spent B．were spent C．has been spent D．was spent
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，我省投入了大量的资金来改善公共交通。“large quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论名词是可数还是不可数，谓语动词都用复数形式。根据句中时间状语Over the past five years可知，用现在完成时。故选A。
3．（2025·天津北辰·三模）Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us.
A．would observe B．observed C．were observing D．was observing
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致及固定句型。 句意：每个男孩和女孩都正在我们的教室里庆祝 2024 年元旦，这时我们敬爱的校长突然走进教室，向我们传达了最美好的祝愿和期望。空处为主句的谓语动词。此处为固定句型：be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”，根据entered可知，应用过去进行时。当主语由“every...and every...”结构连接时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。
4．（24-25高三下·天津南开·阶段检测）Three quarters of the city’s population ________ vaccinated against the virus so far.
A．has been B．have been C．was D．were
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，该市四分之三的人口已经接种了病毒疫苗。句子中的so far表示动作从过去持续到现在，应该使用现在完成时，主语是Three quarters of the city’s population，这里的population是一个集合名词，但在本句中，three quarters显然指的是人口中的个体成员，所以视为复数，助动词使用have。故选B。
5．（24-25高三上·天津北辰·阶段检测）Every boy and every girl ______ pleased when they saw Shenzhou XV, with Fei Junlong, one of the most expert Chinese astronaut, to carry out the flight mission, was sent up to space.
A．is B．was C．are D．were
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每个男孩和女孩在看到神舟十五号，由最资深的中国宇航员之一费俊龙执行飞行任务被送入太空时，都感到非常高兴。根据句意以及时间状语从句的谓语动词saw可知，此处使用一般过去时，“every+名词单数+and+名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。故选B项。
知识单元03 就近一致
要·点·整·合
就近一致原则是指当主语是两个或者两个以上的并列名词或代词时，谓语动词的数要与最近的名词或者代词的数保持一致。
1.连词or, either…or, not…but, neither…nor, not only…but also, wheter…or等连接并列主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语保持一致。
Are either you or he wrong? 要么是你错，要么是他错吗？
Not only I but also Tom and Jim are tired of having one examination after another. 不进我而且Tom 和Jim也厌烦了一个接一个的考试。
2.there be，here be句子中，如果注意不止一个时，谓语动词be的数要与最近的名词或者代词的数保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支笔，一把刀和几本书。
There are several books, a pen and a knife on the desk.桌上有几本书，一支笔和一把刀。
思·维·迁·移
1．（2026·天津·二模）Either the teacher or the students who ________ to give a presentation ________ to arrive at the hall ahead of time.
A．are; is required B．is; is required C．are; are required D．is; are required
【答案】C
【详解】句意：要么是老师，要么是要做展示的学生们被要求提前到达大厅。第一空，定语从句先行词是the students，为复数名词，谓语动词用are；第二空，either...or... 连接并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的是the students，为复数，被动语态用are required。
2．（2024·天津和平·三模）Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ wonderful performances at the concert recently.
A．had given B．have given C．is giving D．has given
【答案】D
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅有一些国际明星，就连中国的歌手和舞蹈家也在音乐会上进行了精彩的表演。not only…but also连接的并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常要与靠近的主语保持一致，此处the Chinese singer and dancer为单数，根据后文recently可知为现在完成时，助动词用has。故选D。
3.Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class helpful for understanding a noun clause functions.
A．is; how B．are; how C．is; what D．are; what
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和连接词。句意：无论是教科书中的详细解释还是老师在课堂上的例子，都有助于理解名词性从句是什么功能。在“Either…or…”结构中，谓语动词遵循就近原则（与or后的the teacher’s examples一致），此处应为复数are。 understanding后接宾语从句，表示“方式”，用连接词how。故选B项。
4．（2026·天津河西·二模）— Why haven’t you finished the project report yet?
— To be honest, neither the manager’s constant changes to the plan nor the lack of reliable data________ the main trouble. It’s just that I’ve been waiting for the lab results, which are expected to arrive this afternoon.
A．create B．creates C．are to create D．is to create
【答案】B
【详解】句意：—— 你为什么还没有完成项目报告？—— 说实话，经理频繁改动计划和缺乏可靠数据都不是主要麻烦。我只是一直在等待实验结果，预计今天下午会送到。neither...nor... 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语是the lack of reliable data，为单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式；本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。
跨模块融合 主谓一致+
知·识·串·联
真·题·动·向
主谓一致+完形填空
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4 with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14 in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over B．looking around C．emptying out D．pulling down
2．A．hotel B．office C．cottage D．apartment
3．A．store B．display C．sell D．repair
4．A．covered B．decorated C．stuffed D．equipped
5．A．conventional B．valuable C．complicated D．tolerable
6．A．fees B．photos C．receipts D．models
7．A．move B．pay C．market D．work
8．A．warning B．request C．description D．reply
9．A．Confused B．Interested C．Disappointed D．Encouraged
10．A．visits B．reports C．advice D．money
11．A．remove B．spare C．find D．check
12．A．investigated B．recognized C．encountered D．recommended
13．A．giveaways B．posts C．contributions D．belongings
14．A．joy B．part C．care D．time
15．A．anticipating B．appreciating C．delivering D．withdrawing
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。
【详解】1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D. pulling down 拆除。根据上文“ My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D. apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D. repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文“rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0美元）并重新发布了它。A. move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended 推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A. giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the 13 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根据上文“I take in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
思·维·迁·移
（2026·天津·一模）I often 1 writing for weeks or even months, waiting for that perfect moment when my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony, letting thoughts 2 . But that moment rarely arrived and I 3 putting together a hasty piece only when deadlines got really close.
Then I met Sachin, a fellow PhD student equally 4 under the weight of a fellowship application. We made a pact: after dinner, we’d sit together with laptops open, phones 5 . When I was tempted to scroll my phone, seeing Sachin 6 writing made me put it down in embarrassment and turn to my work.
Our informal 7 soon became a habit: we 8 weekly 90-minute sessions and began each by naming a small, achievable goal. 9 stressing over an entire proposal, we only had to finish a tiny piece of it. Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress. Those small 10 built momentum (动力) and confidence; a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals. Writing never got as easy as I’d hoped, but it became less lonely and far more 11 .
Sachin and I noticed our peers facing similar struggles and wanted to 12 this experience. Two years after our first 13 , we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students preparing their thesis proposals. Each week, a group 14 in a quiet seminar room: first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing, and 15 a reflection period.
The room felt tense at first, but as people 16 during reflection, a sense of relief spread. Some students told us the sessions took away the 17 of the blank page and they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks, knowing peer support would keep them 18 .
Over 2 years, two overwhelmed students staring at blank screens has grown into a small 19 that makes writing less lonely. Our experience shows us that accountability, camaraderie (情谊), and a shared sense of purpose can 20 the barriers that make writing so frightening.
1．A．engaged in B．took up C．carried on D．put off
2．A．flow B．stay C．work D．progress
3．A．started out B．insisted on C．ended up D．went for
4．A．hidden B．melted C．exposed D．buried
5．A．away B．on C．out D．in
6．A．tired of B．concerned with C．focused on D．distracted from
7．A．agreement B．suggestion C．compromise D．mission
8．A．disciplined B．scheduled C．targeted D．issued
9．A．Apart from B．Regardless of C．Prior to D．Instead of
10．A．losses B．wins C．recipes D．tasks
11．A．faithful B．productive C．reliable D．urgent
12．A．interpret B．avoid C．share D．explore
13．A．meetup B．breakthrough C．takeoff D．checkout
14．A．ranged B．bounded C．celebrated D．gathered
15．A．immediately B．normally C．finally D．temporarily
16．A．calmed down B．opened up C．got around D．watched out
17．A．surprise B．doubt C．excitement D．fear
18．A．humble B．responsible C．influential D．cautious
19．A．society B．section C．community D．class
20．A．identify B．lower C．present D．distinguish
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．C 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．B
【导语】文章主要讲述了作者从拖延写作到与同学Sachin建立互助写作小组，最终将这一模式推广为博士生同伴协作写作社区，帮助更多人克服写作恐惧的故事。
【详解】1．考查动词短语。句意：我经常推迟写作数周甚至数月，等待那个完美的时刻——我的思想、身体和环境和谐统一，让思绪自然流淌。A. engaged in从事；B. took up开始从事；C. carried on继续；D. put off推迟。根据下文“But that moment rarely arrived”可知，作者因等待完美时刻而未能开始写作，即推迟写作。
2．考查动词。句意：我经常推迟写作数周甚至数月，等待那个完美的时刻——我的思想、身体和环境和谐统一，让思绪自然流淌。A. flow流动；B. stay停留；C. work工作；D. progress进步。根据上文“When my mind, body, and surroundings were in harmony”可知，和谐状态下思绪自然流动。
3．考查动词短语。句意：但那个时刻很少到来，我最终只在截止日期临近时才匆忙拼凑出一篇。A. started out起步；B. insisted on坚持；C. ended up最终；D. went for争取。根据上文“But that moment rarely arrived”可知，理想状态未出现，作者最终只能匆忙完成。
4．考查动词。句意：后来我遇到了Sachin，一位同样被奖学金申请压得喘不过气的博士生。A. hidden隐藏；B. melted融化；C. exposed暴露；D. buried埋葬。根据下文“under the weight of a fellowship application”可知，Sachin与作者一样被压力所压，be buried under表示被……压得喘不过气。
5．考查副词。句意：我们约定：晚饭后，我们一起坐着，打开电脑，手机放到一边。A. away离开；B. on开着；C. out出去；D. in在里面。根据下文“When I was tempted to scroll my phone”可知，手机是诱惑源，需放到一边以排除干扰。
6．考查形容词短语。句意：当我忍不住想刷手机时，看到Sachin专注于写作，我尴尬地放下手机，转向我的工作。A. tired of厌倦；B. concerned with关心；C. focused on专注于；D. distracted from分心。根据上文“we’d sit together with laptops open, phones away”可知，Sachin在专注写作，这种专注对作者形成监督。
7．考查名词。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. agreement约定；B. suggestion建议；C. compromise妥协；D. mission使命。根据上文“We made a pact”可知，pact与agreement 为同义替换。
8．考查动词。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. disciplined训练；B. scheduled安排；C. targeted瞄准；D. issued发布。根据下文“weekly 90-minute sessions”可知，他们将写作时间固定安排下来。
9．考查介词短语。句意：我们非正式的约定很快成了一种习惯：我们安排了每周90分钟的写作时段，每次开始时先设定一个小而可行的目标，不必为整个提案而焦虑，只需完成其中的一小部分。A. Apart from除了；B. Regardless of不管；C. Prior to在……之前；D. Instead of而不是。根据下文“we only had to finish a tiny piece of it”可知，小目标取代了大焦虑，为替代关系。
10．考查名词。句意：这些小小的胜利积累了动力和信心；几句话变成了段落，然后变成了完整的提案。A. losses损失；B. wins胜利；C. recipes食谱；D. tasks任务。根据上文“Each step forward, however minor, felt like real progress”可知，微小进步即胜利。
11．考查形容词。句意：写作从未变得像我希望的那样轻松，但它变得不再那么孤独，而且高效得多。A. faithful忠诚的；B. productive高效的；C. reliable可靠的；D. urgent紧急的。根据上文“a few sentences grew into paragraphs, then into complete proposals”可知，写作产出增加，即高效。
12．考查动词。句意：Sachin和我注意到我们的同龄人面临着类似的困境，想要分享这种经验。A. interpret解释；B. avoid避免；C. share分享；D. explore探索。根据下文“we launched peer co-working sessions for second-year PhD students”可知，他们将经验分享给更多人。
13．考查名词。句意：在我们第一次会面两年后，我们为准备论文提案的二年级博士生发起了同伴协作写作时段。A. meet up会面；B. breakthrough突破；C. takeoff起飞；D. checkout结账。根据上文“Then I met Sachin”可知，此处指代两人的初次会面。
14．考查动词。句意：每周，一群人聚集在安静的研讨室里：首先，每个人设定一个小目标，然后是75分钟的专注写作，最后是一个反思时段。A. ranged排列；B. bounded跳跃；C. celebrated庆祝；D. gathered聚集。根据下文“in a quiet seminar room”可知，多人聚集在同一空间。
15．考查副词。句意：每周，一群人聚集在安静的研讨室里：首先，每个人设定一个小目标，然后是75分钟的专注写作，最后是一个反思时段。A. immediately立刻；B. normally正常地；C. finally最后；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文“first, everyone set a small goal, then 75 minutes of focused writing”可知，反思时段最后进行。
16．考查动词短语。句意：房间起初感觉很紧张，但当人们在反思中敞开心扉时，一种解脱感蔓延开来。A. calmed down平静下来；B. opened up敞开心扉；C. got around四处走动；D. watched out小心。根据下文“a sense of relief spread”可知，人们在反思中敞开心扉后压力释放。
17．考查名词。句意：一些学生告诉我们，这些时段消除了他们对空白页的恐惧，他们利用这段时间去处理最困难的任务，知道同伴的支持会让他们保持责任感。A. surprise惊讶；B. doubt怀疑；C. excitement兴奋；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“they used the time to tackle their hardest tasks”可知，原本回避的困难任务现在敢于面对，说明恐惧已消除。
18．考查形容词。句意：一些学生告诉我们，这些时段消除了他们对空白页的恐惧，他们利用这段时间去处理最困难的任务，知道同伴的支持会让他们保持责任感。A. humble谦逊的；B. responsible有责任的；C. influential有影响力的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“accountability, camaraderie, and a shared sense of purpose”可知，accountability与responsible为同义呼应。
19．考查名词。句意：两年多来，两个盯着空白屏幕不知所措的学生已经发展成为一个让写作不再孤独的小社区。A. society社会；B. section部分；C. community社区；D. class班级。根据上文“we launched peer co-working sessions”以及“makes writing less lonely”可知，定期集体活动形成了社区。
20．考查动词。句意：我们的经验告诉我们，责任感、情谊和共同的目标感可以降低使写作如此可怕的障碍。A. identify识别；B. lower降低；C. present呈现；D. distinguish区分。根据上文“makes writing less lonely”可知，这些因素削弱了障碍，即降低了障碍。
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