专题01 动词的时态和语态（复习讲义）（天津专用）2027年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题01 动词的时态和语态（复习讲义）
目 录
1. 考情分析·二轮定向
深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点
2. 思维导图·体系构建
打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架
3. 专题精讲·知能进阶
三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法
真题动向
要点整合
思维迁移
知识单元01 动词时态………………………………………………2
知识点01 一般现在时与一般过去时
知识点02 一般将来时和过去将来时
知识点03 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时
知识点04 现成完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时
知识点05 常见句式的固定时态
知识单元02 被动语态………………………………………………12
知识点01 各时态被动形式汇总
知识点02 主动形式表达被动含义的四种情况
4. 模块融合·综合探析
知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境
知识串联
真题动向
思维迁移
跨模块融合 动词的时态和语态+………………………………………………………13
考向01单项选择（命题主阵地）
考向02谓语动词（时态语态）+ 非谓语融合【最高频】
考向03复合句（连词）+ 动词的时态和语态融合
知识单元
高考解读
命题预测
基础时态辨析
不孤立考查时间标志词，在长句和叙事语篇中判断动作发生时间，核心区分一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时等基础时态；依托上下文语境匹配动作时间属性，不机械背诵语法规则。
考向预测：①基础时态辨析“去孤立化”，嵌入语篇推理链考查；②时间线索、动作属性是判断；③可与主谓一致知识点交叉融合；④在单项选择、完形填空中反复复用。
考法预测：①阅读理解、阅读表达中借助时态理清事件先后顺序；④②书面表达叙事场景中用完成、进行时态丰富表达层次。
情境载体：单项选择混合考查时态语态辨析，完形填空结合语境判断主被动与时态，阅读理解抓取事件时间线，阅读表达梳理动作先后逻辑，书面表达保证全文时态统一、主动被动表达自然得体。
难点时态
（完成类、进行类）
不再套用固定结构，结合动作影响、持续状态、先后参照场景，考查现在完成时、过去完成时、完成进行时；重点区分“过去动作对现在的影响”“过去的过去”“动作持续进行”等隐含逻辑。
被动语态
依托动词及物、不及物属性判断是否可使用被动；拓展不同时态下被动结构（be done 随时态变形），主动被动区分、被动结构还原为经典易错点，结合语境判断主语和动作的主被动关系。
跨模块融合：
时态语态
载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形语篇中；同时联动书面表达句式迁移，一个结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。
知识单元01 动词时态
知识点01
一般现在时与一般过去时
真·题·动·向
（2022天津卷）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing
要·点·整·合
知识点01 一般现在时
1. 构成：动词原形 / 动词的第三人称单数形式 (do/does) 或 be 动词 (am/is/are)。
2. 基本用法
（1）表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句：I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。
She always takes a walk in the evening. 她总是在晚间散步。
（2） 表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等。
例句：We are very busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。
The dangerous situation calls for a calm head. 危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。
（3） 表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言。
例句：Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
3. 特殊用法
（1）表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于以 here、there 等开头的倒装句。
例句：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
（2） 表示将来，用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句，代替一般将来时。
例句：When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
（3） 按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作，一般不会轻易改变。
例句：The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。
4. 注意：常用一般现在时表将来的动词有 come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、return 等。
知识点02 一般过去时
1. 构成：动词的过去式 (did) 或 be 动词 (was/were)。
2. 基本用法
（1）表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句：I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes. 我把卧室的门开着，我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。
（2）表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词连用。
例句：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我小的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。
Wherever he travelled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard. 那些年里，他每到一个地方旅行，总会把所见所闻记下来。
（3）用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句，代替过去将来时。
例句：Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 阿丽娜说如果我答应等她，她就会来。
I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn. 那天晚上我没有去参加聚会，因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。
知识点02
一般将来时和过去将来时
要·点·整·合
1. 构成和用法
（1）一般将来时：构成为 will/shall + 动词原形，shall 用于第一人称，will 可用于各种人称；表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，立足现在，常搭配 tomorrow、soon、in the future、next week/month/year 等时间状语。
（2）过去将来时：构成为 would/should + 动词原形；表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语，立足过去。例句：When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案，但现在我明白，未来的生活并没有标准答案。would know 立足过去，won't have 立足现在。
2. 表示将来意义的其他方式
（1）be going to + 动词原形：
①决定、打算要做，事先思考或计划好，主观色彩较强。
例句：They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project. 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一部车。
②有迹象表明将要发生的事。
例句：It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad. 看起来天气好像要变糟了。
（2） be about to + 动词原形：马上或眼下就要发生，不与具体时间状语连用。
例句：Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家请坐下，电影马上开始。
He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句，却又止住了。
（3） be to + 动词原形：
①表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图。
例句：When is the opening ceremony to be? 开幕式什么时候举行？
②表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性，相当于情态动词。
例句：What am I to tell her when she finds out? 要是她发现了，我将怎样对她说呢？
The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room. 杂志不准带出阅览室。
As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do. 作为军人，他必须执行命令。
③用于 if 引导的条件状语从句，表示意图、打算。
例句：Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive. 如果人类要继续生存下去，就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。
（4） 进行时表将来：和 come、go、leave、arrive、return、begin 等位移动词连用，表示已经计划、安排好的事情。
例句：We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 我们明天一早就出发。
We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。
知识点03
现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时
真·题·动·向
1. （2023天津卷）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party.
A. will be bringing B. have brought C. have been bringing D. were bringing
2. （2021天津卷）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering C. was delivering D. has been delivering
要·点·整·合
知识点01现在进行时、过去进行时
1.构成
（1）现在进行时：am/is/are doing
（2）过去进行时：was/were doing
2. 基本用法
（1）现在进行时：
①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态；
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，但说话时刻动作不一定正在进行。
标志词：now、at present、at the moment、these days、look、listen 等。
例句：I'm waiting to have a word with you. 我在等着和你说句话。
He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days. 他这些日子通常 11 点睡觉。
（2） 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间内正在发生的动作或状态。
标志词：then、at that time、the whole morning、this time yesterday、last night 等。
例句：We were discussing the plan this time yesterday. 昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。
We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。
3. 特殊用法
（1）表达感情色彩：与 always、constantly、frequently、forever 副词连用，可以表达不满、厌烦，也可以表达赞赏、满意。
例句：She is constantly disturbing me in class. 她在课上不停地打扰我。（厌烦）
Maria is always thinking of others. 玛丽亚总为别人着想。（赞美）He was forever complaining. 他总是抱怨。（不满）
（2）表示将来：come、go、leave、arrive、die、start、stop 等非延续动词，用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
例句：Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿！火车很快就要到了。
They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing. 他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。
（3） 表示变化过程：begin、start、become、grow、get、lose 等词的进行时，表示状态逐渐发生改变。
例句：It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。
After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry. 等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。
4. 注意：部分动词或者动词短语一般不用于进行时态。
①感官动词：see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste、notice 等；
②表示情感、想法的动词：love、like、hate、understand、believe、think (认为)、mind、agree 等；
③表示状态的动词 (短语)：have、want、own、possess、seem、belong to 等；
④非延续性动词：accept、allow、decide、give、receive、promise 等。
知识点02 将来进行时
1. 构成：will/shall be doing。
2. 用法：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的事情。
常用时间状语：soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。
例句：I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。
This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。
知识点04
现成完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时
真·题·动·向
1. （2024天津卷）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago.
A. had been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing
2. （2023天津卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing
3. （2022天津卷）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
4. （2021天津卷）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A. have done B. will do C. had done D. were doing
5. （2020天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.
A. are remaining B. have remained C. is remaining D. has remained
要·点·整·合
知识点01 现在完成时
1. 构成：have/has + 过去分词 (done)。
2. 用法
（1）表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在，还可能继续延续。例句：He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有二十多年了。Bows and arrows have long since been out of use. 弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。
（2）表示过去发生的动作，对现在产生影响或者结果。例句：China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。
（3）固定句型 This/That/It is the first/second/…time+that 从句。例句：It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner. 这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。
（4）固定句型 It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句。例句：It is/has been two years and a half since we began to study in this school. 自我们开始在这所学校学习已经有两年半了。
3. 注意：常搭配现在完成时的时间状语：already、yet、ever、lately、recently、up to now、so far、since + 过去的时间点 / 从句、for + 时间段、during/in the past/last + 时间段等。
4. 易混辨析：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时。现在完成时重点强调动作带来的现在结果；一般过去时仅仅单纯描述过去发生的事情。例句：I have studied English for three years. 到现在为止已经学了三年，可能继续学。I studied English for three years. 过去学过三年，现在已经不学。
知识点02 过去完成时
1. 构成：had + 过去分词 (done)。
2. 用法
（1）表示 “过去的过去”，动作发生在另外一个过去动作之前。
例句：By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。
（2） 表示动作从过去某个时间开始，持续到过去另外一个时间。
例句：It had rained for five hours by 11:00. 到 11 点，已下了五个小时的雨。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。
（3） 表示过去本打算做，但是没有实现。动词有 expect、hope、intend、mean、plan、suppose、think、want 等。
例句：We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她，但是我们发现她不在家。
（4） 固定句型 had hardly done…when… 和 had no sooner done…than…，含义 “一…… 就……”。
例句：His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears. 他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。
We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。
（5） 固定句型 This/That/It was the first/second/…time+that 从句。
例句：It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。
（6） 固定句型 It was + 时间段 + since 从句。
例句：It was ten years since he had left Beijing. 他离开北京已经十年了。
3. 注意：常和过去完成时连用的时间状语：by + 过去时间点、by the end of + 过去时间点、before + 过去时间点 / 过去时间从句、when + 过去时间从句等。
知识点03 现在完成进行时
1. 构成：have/has been doing。
2. 用法：动作始于过去，持续到现在；动作有可能刚刚结束，也有可能还在继续；重点强调动作持续的过程。
例句：It has been raining heavily all day. 大雨下了一整天了。
You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你气喘吁吁的，你刚刚一直在跑步吗？
知识点05
常见句式的固定时态
要·点·整·合
Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…, No sooner…than…
刚…就…:主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时
I had scarcely sat down to eat when the phone rang.
No sooner had I started my lesson than I found the class was over.
This / It is the first / second…time + that
“这、那是第几次…”从句一般用完成时
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句
“自从… 以来多长时间了”：主句为现在完成或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。
It’s/has been 10 years since we met last time.
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句
“经过多长时间后才…”：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去时
It will be 3 weeks before she’s able to walk again.
It was half an hour before the policemen arrived.
By the time +从句 +主句
“到…时候为止”：从句为一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时
By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.
By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
思·维·迁·移
考向1 一般式
1.Three-fifths of the school’s outdoor sports facilities, including the basketball courts and tennis courts, __________ damaged in the recent storm.
A．was B．were C．has been D．had been
2.— The girl ______ so well that all of her friends admire her.
— Indeed. But somehow she was not herself on the stage just now.
A．sings B．sang C．has sung D．will sing
3.（2024·天津·二模）—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the train________ at 10:00 am, and there is almost no time left.
A．left B．shall leave C．has left D．leaves
考向2 进行式
1.（2025·天津和平·二模）These days, he ________ to stop smoking and playing cards as well, so his life will have changed completely soon.
A．is trying B．tried C．had to try D．has tried
2.（2025·天津和平·一模）I read my book in the laundry while my washing________.
A．dries B．has been dried C．was drying D．was dried
考向3 完成式
1.David has been focusing on his lessons since he followed his father’s advice, and he ________ great progress in his study up to now.
A．has made B．makes C．had made D．made
2.（2025·天津·模拟预测）By the time the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month, most factories ______ the required upgrades to their waste treatment systems, ensuring compliance with the law.
A．completed B．have completed C．will complete D．had completed
3．（2025·天津南开·一模）The student, when asked why she ______ the rules during the exam, remained silent and refused to answer.
A．had broken B．broke C．breaks D．was breaking
4．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）It’s the first time this term we________an examination after class in the afternoon.
A．didn’t have B．haven’t had C．don’t have D．aren’t having
知识单元02 被动语态
知识点01
各时态被动形式汇总
真·题·动·向
（2025天津卷）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A．have printed B．had printed C．have been printed D．had been printed
要·点·整·合
①一般现在时：主动 do/does；被动 am/is/are done
②一般过去时：主动 did；被动 was/were done
③一般将来时：主动 will/shall do；被动 will/shall be done
④现在进行时：主动 am/is/are doing；被动 am/is/are being done
⑤过去进行时：主动 was/were doing；被动 was/were being done
⑥现在完成时：主动 have/has done；被动 have/has been done
⑦过去完成时：主动 had done；被动 had been done
知识点02
主动形式表达被动含义的四种情况
要·点·整·合
（1）feel、taste、sound、smell、look、keep、stay、remain、prove、turn out 这类系动词。例句：This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。
（2）sell、read、write、wash、wear 等描述事物本身性能的不及物动词，搭配 well、easily 等副词。例句：The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很流畅。This kind of food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。
（3）worth、deserve、need、want、require，后面接动名词，主动表被动。例句：This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。Your room needs cleaning. 你的房间需要打扫一下。
（4）“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do” 结构。例句：This question is hard to answer. 这个问题很难回答。English is easy to learn. 英语很好学。
思·维·迁·移
1.The practice of offering sacrifices to Confucius and honoring teachers________as the historical origin of “Teachers’ Day”.
A．is widely regarded B．are widely regarded
C．was widely regarded D．have widely regarded
2.By the end of last month, many a novel to the sick boy.
A．have been sent B．had been sent C．has been sent D．was sent
跨模块融合 动词的时态和语态+
知·识·串·联
真·题·动·向
动词的时态和语态+完形填空
（2026·浙江·1月高考真题）Ursula has always called the beautiful small town of Beaverton her home. Although she’d had childhood 1 of exploring the world and studied international business with a desire to pursue a 2 in Toronto, finding a job proved more 3 than she’d expected.
“I decided that if nobody was going to 4 me, I would just create a job for myself,” says Ursula. She was born and raised on a large family farm, so the 5 of an agriculture tourism business came naturally to her and began to 6 .
“I 7 the plan to my family, and asked if they could rent me a small 10 acres (英亩). They 8 at first, unwilling to take a risk, but I finally 9 to get the green light,” she says.
Four years later, those beautiful 10 acres of fields had turned into 20 acres filled with over 400,000 sunflowers. “ 10 , I had little confidence in the beginning,” says Ursula, "but the Sunflower Farm rose to fame and has become one of the most sought-after 11 in the province.”
While many visitors have never been to a farm at all, 12 a sunflower farm, the unique setting allows them to 13 the city for a while, breathe in the fresh air, gain a newfound 14 for agriculture, and maybe even 15 with their farming roots and what they may have taken for granted for too long.
1．A．stories B．needs C．habits D．dreams
2．A．career B．degree C．hobby D．project
3．A．practical B．important C．difficult D．dangerous
4．A．invite B．notice C．hire D．cover
5．A．issue B．idea C．truth D．founder
6．A．gain ground B．take root C．work wonders D．raise concerns
7．A．proposed B．adapted C．preferred D．proved
8．A．apologized B．refused C．panicked D．regretted
9．A．pretended B．returned C．promised D．managed
10．A．Supposedly B．Admittedly C．Similarly D．Consequently
11．A．occupations B．solutions C．institutions D．destinations
12．A．let alone B．except for C．such as D．regardless of
13．A．miss B．leave C．seize D．tour
14．A．demand B．support C．appreciation D．excuse
15．A．deal B．part C．compete D．reconnect
思·维·迁·移
（2026·天津和平·一模）Marathons are often framed as a test of physical endurance. But for some, they begin as a playful claim — a silly family argument about who could run the marathon the fastest. It was 1 debate over who could outpace the 42 kilometers at first, but within minutes, we were online, signing up for a full marathon — no real training plans, no second thoughts, just four stubborn people determined to prove each wrong.
We had only three and a half weeks to train, and my longest run 2 was 20 kilometers. Though, that distance was nowhere near the full marathon length, I still felt like 3 myself, and I knew it was going to be a really tough task.
One day, after one of my sister’s long days in the clinic, she sank onto the couch and said, “I just went through a marathon of my own today.” That 4 with me ever since. We often use the word “marathon” to describe the non-stop, exhausting days healthcare workers 5 to bear. I realized the coming race could mean something bigger.
In the months leading up to the race, my mother was 6 with a brain tumor (脑瘤), then 7 underwent surgery and began her recovery. I 8 witnessed first-hand the extraordinary care she received. I realized who the real marathoners were — the healthcare workers working impossible shifts and 9 everything together for patients like my mom. Just then I found my “why”, wanting to run to represent the people who 10 for her.
I started running in my scrubs (外科手术服) — as a dental student I wear them regularly. I filmed everything — the good runs, the bad runs and the moments when I wanted to 11 . But what I didn’t 12 was how many people would actually find the journey meaningful. By race day, strangers from social media were shouting words of encouragement. Some even told me they felt inspired to run too.
Crossing that finish line wasn’t just about 13 my sisters. It was about becoming part of a large 14 of healthcare workers, runners and everyday people who 15 show up, push through and keep going no matter what happens.
Running the race was my way to 16 those healthcare workers running silent marathons daily. Their 17 is what I always aimed to be 18 to. I’ll carry this lesson as I 19 my career in dentistry, remembering to keep going like those 20 healthcare heroes.
1．A．lighthearted B．formal C．fierce D．friendly
2．A．never B．ever C．even D．still
3．A．challenging B．helping C．enjoying D．protecting
4．A．passed B．stayed C．changed D．left
5．A．refuse B．need C．try D．have
6．A．filled B．covered C．diagnosed D．provided
7．A．almost B．yet C．already D．soon
8．A．truly B．hardly C．nearly D．suddenly
9．A．breaking B．holding C．throwing D．putting
10．A．waited B．cared C．looked D．fought
11．A．show up B．set off C．wake up D．give up
12．A．expect B．promise C．share D．prepare
13．A．teaching B．following C．supporting D．beating
14．A．family B．team C．community D．company
15．A．never B．seldom C．always D．sometimes
16．A．greet B．thank C．calm D．comfort
17．A．determination B．doubt C．fight D．worry
18．A．honest B．patient C．committed D．brave
19．A．end B．start C．change D．continue
20．A．amazing B．common C．ordinary D．normal
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专题01 动词的时态和语态（复习讲义）
目 录
1. 考情分析·二轮定向
深挖命题规律，找准二轮备考落点
2. 思维导图·体系构建
打破专题边界，搭建知识体系框架
3. 专题精讲·知能进阶
三阶闭环导学，内化学科解题方法
真题动向
要点整合
思维迁移
知识单元01 动词时态………………………………………………2
知识点01 一般现在时与一般过去时
知识点02 一般将来时和过去将来时
知识点03 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时
知识点04 现成完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时
知识点05 常见句式的固定时态
知识单元02 被动语态………………………………………………12
知识点01 各时态被动形式汇总
知识点02 主动形式表达被动含义的四种情况
4. 模块融合·综合探析
知识融合贯通，拆解跨模块复合情境
知识串联
真题动向
思维迁移
跨模块融合 动词的时态和语态+………………………………………………………13
考向01单项选择（命题主阵地）
考向02谓语动词（时态语态）+ 非谓语融合【最高频】
考向03复合句（连词）+ 动词的时态和语态融合
知识单元
高考解读
命题预测
基础时态辨析
不孤立考查时间标志词，在长句和叙事语篇中判断动作发生时间，核心区分一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时等基础时态；依托上下文语境匹配动作时间属性，不机械背诵语法规则。
考向预测：①基础时态辨析“去孤立化”，嵌入语篇推理链考查；②时间线索、动作属性是判断；③可与主谓一致知识点交叉融合；④在单项选择、完形填空中反复复用。
考法预测：①阅读理解、阅读表达中借助时态理清事件先后顺序；④②书面表达叙事场景中用完成、进行时态丰富表达层次。
情境载体：单项选择混合考查时态语态辨析，完形填空结合语境判断主被动与时态，阅读理解抓取事件时间线，阅读表达梳理动作先后逻辑，书面表达保证全文时态统一、主动被动表达自然得体。
难点时态
（完成类、进行类）
不再套用固定结构，结合动作影响、持续状态、先后参照场景，考查现在完成时、过去完成时、完成进行时；重点区分“过去动作对现在的影响”“过去的过去”“动作持续进行”等隐含逻辑。
被动语态
依托动词及物、不及物属性判断是否可使用被动；拓展不同时态下被动结构（be done 随时态变形），主动被动区分、被动结构还原为经典易错点，结合语境判断主语和动作的主被动关系。
跨模块融合：
时态语态
载体语篇化：长难句、真实语境直接入题，常嵌套在阅读、完形语篇中；同时联动书面表达句式迁移，一个结构多题型复用，读句不过关，推理无从谈起。
知识单元01 动词时态
知识点01
一般现在时与一般过去时
真·题·动·向
（2022天津卷）Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定，句子主语为Critical reasoning，谓语动词应用单数形式，此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时。故选B项。
要·点·整·合
知识点01 一般现在时
1. 构成：动词原形 / 动词的第三人称单数形式 (do/does) 或 be 动词 (am/is/are)。
2. 基本用法
（1）表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句：I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上七点从家出发去学校。
She always takes a walk in the evening. 她总是在晚间散步。
（2） 表示主语现在的身份、特征、状态、能力、性格等。
例句：We are very busy these days. 这些天我们很忙。
The dangerous situation calls for a calm head. 危险的形势需要冷静的头脑。
（3） 表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言。
例句：Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
3. 特殊用法
（1）表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于以 here、there 等开头的倒装句。
例句：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
（2） 表示将来，用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句，代替一般将来时。
例句：When I grow up, I will be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。
（3） 按时间表、计划或安排将要发生的动作，一般不会轻易改变。
例句：The train arrives at 10:30. 火车十点半到达。
4. 注意：常用一般现在时表将来的动词有 come、go、arrive、leave、begin、start、return 等。
知识点02 一般过去时
1. 构成：动词的过去式 (did) 或 be 动词 (was/were)。
2. 基本用法
（1）表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
例句：I left my bedroom door open and my dog chewed my shoes. 我把卧室的门开着，我的狗咬坏了我的鞋子。
（2）表示过去一段时间内经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词连用。
例句：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 当我小的时候，我经常在街上踢足球。
Wherever he travelled in those years, he wrote down what he saw and heard. 那些年里，他每到一个地方旅行，总会把所见所闻记下来。
（3）用于时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句，代替过去将来时。
例句：Alina said she would come if I promised to wait for her. 阿丽娜说如果我答应等她，她就会来。
I didn't go to the party that evening as I started off on the journey at dawn. 那天晚上我没有去参加聚会，因为我黎明时要出发去旅行。
知识点02
一般将来时和过去将来时
要·点·整·合
1. 构成和用法
（1）一般将来时：构成为 will/shall + 动词原形，shall 用于第一人称，will 可用于各种人称；表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，立足现在，常搭配 tomorrow、soon、in the future、next week/month/year 等时间状语。
（2）过去将来时：构成为 would/should + 动词原形；表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语，立足过去。例句：When I was a child, I thought I would know the answers to everything, but now I understand that the future life won't have a standard answer. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我觉得我会知道所有问题的答案，但现在我明白，未来的生活并没有标准答案。would know 立足过去，won't have 立足现在。
2. 表示将来意义的其他方式
（1）be going to + 动词原形：
①决定、打算要做，事先思考或计划好，主观色彩较强。
例句：They are going to hold a meeting to discuss our research project. 他们打算开个会来讨论我们的研究计划。I was going to buy a car then. 我当时正打算买一部车。
②有迹象表明将要发生的事。
例句：It looks as if the weather is going to turn bad. 看起来天气好像要变糟了。
（2） be about to + 动词原形：马上或眼下就要发生，不与具体时间状语连用。
例句：Sit down please, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家请坐下，电影马上开始。
He was about to say something more, and then checked himself. 他还想说几句，却又止住了。
（3） be to + 动词原形：
①表示主观的计划、安排、约定、意图。
例句：When is the opening ceremony to be? 开幕式什么时候举行？
②表示应该、命令、禁止、义务或可能性，相当于情态动词。
例句：What am I to tell her when she finds out? 要是她发现了，我将怎样对她说呢？
The magazines are not to be taken out of the reading room. 杂志不准带出阅览室。
As a soldier, he was to do whatever he was ordered to do. 作为军人，他必须执行命令。
③用于 if 引导的条件状语从句，表示意图、打算。
例句：Stronger measures are needed to protect the environment if mankind is to survive. 如果人类要继续生存下去，就需要采取更强有力的措施来保护环境。
（4） 进行时表将来：和 come、go、leave、arrive、return、begin 等位移动词连用，表示已经计划、安排好的事情。
例句：We are leaving early tomorrow morning. 我们明天一早就出发。
We were told that the plane was taking off in ten minutes. 我们被告知飞机十分钟后就要起飞了。
知识点03
现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时
真·题·动·向
1. （2023天津卷）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party.
A. will be bringing B. have brought C. have been bringing D. were bringing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你提前告诉一些餐馆你将带一个团队来参加生日派对，他们会很乐意提供一个免费的蛋糕。根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。
2. （2021天津卷）Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering C. was delivering D. has been delivering
【答案】B
【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：大家晚上好，金教授马上要发表演讲，但（开始之前）让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment（立即，即将，一会儿）的提示，可知教授的演讲还未开始，用将来时态（一般将来时或将来进行时），仅有B符合题意，是将来进行时的结构，故选B。
要·点·整·合
知识点01现在进行时、过去进行时
1.构成
（1）现在进行时：am/is/are doing
（2）过去进行时：was/were doing
2. 基本用法
（1）现在进行时：
①表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态；
②表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态，但说话时刻动作不一定正在进行。
标志词：now、at present、at the moment、these days、look、listen 等。
例句：I'm waiting to have a word with you. 我在等着和你说句话。
He is generally going to bed at 11:00 these days. 他这些日子通常 11 点睡觉。
（2） 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间内正在发生的动作或状态。
标志词：then、at that time、the whole morning、this time yesterday、last night 等。
例句：We were discussing the plan this time yesterday. 昨天这时候我们正在讨论这个计划。
We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。
3. 特殊用法
（1）表达感情色彩：与 always、constantly、frequently、forever 副词连用，可以表达不满、厌烦，也可以表达赞赏、满意。
例句：She is constantly disturbing me in class. 她在课上不停地打扰我。（厌烦）
Maria is always thinking of others. 玛丽亚总为别人着想。（赞美）He was forever complaining. 他总是抱怨。（不满）
（2）表示将来：come、go、leave、arrive、die、start、stop 等非延续动词，用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。
例句：Hurry up! The train is arriving soon. 快点儿！火车很快就要到了。
They wanted to know when we were leaving for Beijing. 他们想知道我们什么时候动身去北京。
（3） 表示变化过程：begin、start、become、grow、get、lose 等词的进行时，表示状态逐渐发生改变。
例句：It is getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和了。
After waiting for half an hour she was beginning to get angry. 等了半个小时之后她开始生气了。
4. 注意：部分动词或者动词短语一般不用于进行时态。
①感官动词：see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste、notice 等；
②表示情感、想法的动词：love、like、hate、understand、believe、think (认为)、mind、agree 等；
③表示状态的动词 (短语)：have、want、own、possess、seem、belong to 等；
④非延续性动词：accept、allow、decide、give、receive、promise 等。
知识点02 将来进行时
1. 构成：will/shall be doing。
2. 用法：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态，也可以表示按计划、安排将要发生的事情。
常用时间状语：soon、then、in two days、this time tomorrow、tomorrow morning、at 9:00 next Monday、from 10:00 to 11:00 tomorrow、the day after tomorrow 等。
例句：I will be waiting for you at the school gate then. 届时我将在学校大门口等你。
This time tomorrow we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film. 明天这个时候我们将坐在电影院里看电影。
知识点04
现成完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时
真·题·动·向
1. （2024天津卷）The Smiths _________ the online shopping experience in China since they moved back to New Zealand two years ago.
A. had been missing B. were missing C. have been missing D. will be missing
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自从两年前搬回新西兰以来，史密斯一家一直很怀念在中国的网购体验。由since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。结合选项可知，A选项为过去完成进行时；B选项为过去进行时；C选项为现在完成进行时；D选项为将来进行时。故选C。
2. （2023天津卷）Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, ___________a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades.
A. has caused B. have caused C. was causing D. were causing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：人类对动物王国的影响，如狩猎和破坏栖息地，在过去的30年里导致了某些物种的数量的减少。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时，主语Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故选A。
3. （2022天津卷）The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时，他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知，学校取消派对发生在前，孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后，故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”，需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。
4. （2021天津卷）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A. have done B. will do C. had done D. were doing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
5. （2020天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level ever since.
A. are remaining B. have remained C. is remaining D. has remained
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
要·点·整·合
知识点01 现在完成时
1. 构成：have/has + 过去分词 (done)。
2. 用法
（1）表示从过去某时开始的动作或状态持续到现在，还可能继续延续。例句：He has worked here for over 20 years. 他在这里工作已有二十多年了。Bows and arrows have long since been out of use. 弓和箭很久以前就不使用了。
（2）表示过去发生的动作，对现在产生影响或者结果。例句：China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国已成为首个航天器在月球背面着陆的国家。
（3）固定句型 This/That/It is the first/second/…time+that 从句。例句：It is the first time that the boy has spoken to a foreigner. 这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。
（4）固定句型 It is/has been + 时间段 + since 从句。例句：It is/has been two years and a half since we began to study in this school. 自我们开始在这所学校学习已经有两年半了。
3. 注意：常搭配现在完成时的时间状语：already、yet、ever、lately、recently、up to now、so far、since + 过去的时间点 / 从句、for + 时间段、during/in the past/last + 时间段等。
4. 易混辨析：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时。现在完成时重点强调动作带来的现在结果；一般过去时仅仅单纯描述过去发生的事情。例句：I have studied English for three years. 到现在为止已经学了三年，可能继续学。I studied English for three years. 过去学过三年，现在已经不学。
知识点02 过去完成时
1. 构成：had + 过去分词 (done)。
2. 用法
（1）表示 “过去的过去”，动作发生在另外一个过去动作之前。
例句：By the end of yesterday, we had received over 1,000 letters from all over the world. 到昨天为止，我们已经收到了来自世界各地的一千多封信。
（2） 表示动作从过去某个时间开始，持续到过去另外一个时间。
例句：It had rained for five hours by 11:00. 到 11 点，已下了五个小时的雨。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. 当他被送到医院时，他已经病了一个星期了。
（3） 表示过去本打算做，但是没有实现。动词有 expect、hope、intend、mean、plan、suppose、think、want 等。
例句：We had meant to tell her the news but we found that she wasn't in. 我们本打算把这个消息告诉她，但是我们发现她不在家。
（4） 固定句型 had hardly done…when… 和 had no sooner done…than…，含义 “一…… 就……”。
例句：His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst into tears. 他妹妹一听到这个噩耗就放声大哭起来。
We had no sooner sat down at the table than the phone rang. 我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。
（5） 固定句型 This/That/It was the first/second/…time+that 从句。
例句：It was the first time that we had found common ground. 那是我们头一回达成共识。
（6） 固定句型 It was + 时间段 + since 从句。
例句：It was ten years since he had left Beijing. 他离开北京已经十年了。
3. 注意：常和过去完成时连用的时间状语：by + 过去时间点、by the end of + 过去时间点、before + 过去时间点 / 过去时间从句、when + 过去时间从句等。
知识点03 现在完成进行时
1. 构成：have/has been doing。
2. 用法：动作始于过去，持续到现在；动作有可能刚刚结束，也有可能还在继续；重点强调动作持续的过程。
例句：It has been raining heavily all day. 大雨下了一整天了。
You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你气喘吁吁的，你刚刚一直在跑步吗？
知识点05
常见句式的固定时态
要·点·整·合
Hardly/rarely/scarcely…when…, No sooner…than…
刚…就…:主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时
I had scarcely sat down to eat when the phone rang.
No sooner had I started my lesson than I found the class was over.
This / It is the first / second…time + that
“这、那是第几次…”从句一般用完成时
This is the first time I have come here.
It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
It is / has been + 一段时间 + since 从句
“自从… 以来多长时间了”：主句为现在完成或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。
It’s/has been 10 years since we met last time.
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句
“经过多长时间后才…”：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去时
It will be 3 weeks before she’s able to walk again.
It was half an hour before the policemen arrived.
By the time +从句 +主句
“到…时候为止”：从句为一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时
By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting.
By the time we got to the station, the train had left.
思·维·迁·移
考向1 一般式
1.Three-fifths of the school’s outdoor sports facilities, including the basketball courts and tennis courts, __________ damaged in the recent storm.
A．was B．were C．has been D．had been
【答案】B
【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：学校五分之三的户外运动设施，包括篮球场和网球场，在最近的暴风雨中被损坏了。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是“Three-fifths of the school’s outdoor sports facilities”，为分数短语作主语，其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数后面的名词，“outdoor sports facilities”为复数名词，所以谓语动词应用复数形式。时间状语“in the recent storm”表示过去的具体时间，应用一般过去时。故选B项。
2.— The girl ______ so well that all of her friends admire her.
— Indeed. But somehow she was not herself on the stage just now.
A．sings B．sang C．has sung D．will sing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：—这个女孩唱得很好，她所有的朋友都崇拜她。——的确。但不知怎的，她刚才在舞台上有些反常。根据“all of her friends admire her”，可知描述的是一般事实，应该用一般现在时。主语“the girl”是第三人称单数，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式，故选A。
3.（2024·天津·二模）—Why are you in such a hurry?
—Because the train________ at 10:00 am, and there is almost no time left.
A．left B．shall leave C．has left D．leaves
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你为什么这么着急？——因为火车将在上午10点离开，几乎没有剩余时间了。A. left一般过去时；B. shall leave一般将来时；C. has left现在完成时；D. leaves一般现在时。这句话描述的是按照列车时间表，火车将要离开，表示的是按照计划或时间表将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来，主语the train是第三人称单数。故选D。
考向2 进行式
1.（2025·天津和平·二模）These days, he ________ to stop smoking and playing cards as well, so his life will have changed completely soon.
A．is trying B．tried C．had to try D．has tried
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些天，他一直在努力戒烟和戒牌，所以他的生活很快就会完全改变。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据These days可知，句子使用现在进行时态，表示这段时间正在进行的动作。故选A。
2.（2025·天津和平·一模）I read my book in the laundry while my washing________.
A．dries B．has been dried C．was drying D．was dried
【答案】C
【详解】考查时态。句意：我在衣服干燥的时候在洗衣房看书。本句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选C项。
考向3 完成式
1.David has been focusing on his lessons since he followed his father’s advice, and he ________ great progress in his study up to now.
A．has made B．makes C．had made D．made
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从David听从他父亲的建议后，他就一直专注于他的功课，并且到目前为止他在学习上取得了很大的进步。make great progress“取得很大的进步”。根据up to now“到目前为止”可知，表示从过去某一时间点开始，一直持续到现在，并可能对现在产生影响，时态用现在完成时，主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用has，make的过去分词为made，谓语用has made。故选A。
2.（2025·天津·模拟预测）By the time the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month, most factories ______ the required upgrades to their waste treatment systems, ensuring compliance with the law.
A．completed B．have completed C．will complete D．had completed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态。句意：到上个月北京的新环保政策实施时，大多数工厂已经完成了废物处理系统的必要升级，确保遵守了法律。By the time是完成时的标志，由the city’s new environmental policies were enforced last month可知，句子时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去完成的动作，故选D。
3．（2025·天津南开·一模）The student, when asked why she ______ the rules during the exam, remained silent and refused to answer.
A．had broken B．broke C．breaks D．was breaking
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意：当被问到为什么在考试中违反规则时，这个学生保持沉默，拒绝回答。作why引导的名词性从句谓语，发生在主句谓语“remained silent and refused to answer”之前，此处从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选A。
4．（24-25高三上·天津南开·期末）It’s the first time this term we________an examination after class in the afternoon.
A．didn’t have B．haven’t had C．don’t have D．aren’t having
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时和固定句型。句意：这是这学期我们第一次在下午课后没有考试。固定句型“It’s the first time + 现在完成时”，表示“这是第一次……”。故选B项。
知识单元02 被动语态
知识点01
各时态被动形式汇总
真·题·动·向
（2025天津卷）The reading materials________ before the training began, so that everyone had a copy.
A．have printed B．had printed C．have been printed D．had been printed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
要·点·整·合
①一般现在时：主动 do/does；被动 am/is/are done
②一般过去时：主动 did；被动 was/were done
③一般将来时：主动 will/shall do；被动 will/shall be done
④现在进行时：主动 am/is/are doing；被动 am/is/are being done
⑤过去进行时：主动 was/were doing；被动 was/were being done
⑥现在完成时：主动 have/has done；被动 have/has been done
⑦过去完成时：主动 had done；被动 had been done
知识点02
主动形式表达被动含义的四种情况
要·点·整·合
（1）feel、taste、sound、smell、look、keep、stay、remain、prove、turn out 这类系动词。例句：This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。
（2）sell、read、write、wash、wear 等描述事物本身性能的不及物动词，搭配 well、easily 等副词。例句：The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来很流畅。This kind of food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。
（3）worth、deserve、need、want、require，后面接动名词，主动表被动。例句：This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。Your room needs cleaning. 你的房间需要打扫一下。
（4）“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do” 结构。例句：This question is hard to answer. 这个问题很难回答。English is easy to learn. 英语很好学。
思·维·迁·移
1.The practice of offering sacrifices to Confucius and honoring teachers________as the historical origin of “Teachers’ Day”.
A．is widely regarded B．are widely regarded
C．was widely regarded D．have widely regarded
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：祭祀孔子和尊师的做法被广泛视为“教师节”的历史起源。句子描述普遍事实，应使用现在时。主语the practice与谓语regard是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故选A。
2.By the end of last month, many a novel to the sick boy.
A．have been sent B．had been sent C．has been sent D．was sent
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：到上个月末，已经有很多小说被寄给了那个生病的男孩。由时间状语“By the end of last month”可知，动作发生在“过去的过去”，send应发生在这一过去时间点之前，需用过去完成时，且novel与send之间为被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。
跨模块融合 动词的时态和语态+
知·识·串·联
真·题·动·向
动词的时态和语态+完形填空
（2026·浙江·1月高考真题）Ursula has always called the beautiful small town of Beaverton her home. Although she’d had childhood 1 of exploring the world and studied international business with a desire to pursue a 2 in Toronto, finding a job proved more 3 than she’d expected.
“I decided that if nobody was going to 4 me, I would just create a job for myself,” says Ursula. She was born and raised on a large family farm, so the 5 of an agriculture tourism business came naturally to her and began to 6 .
“I 7 the plan to my family, and asked if they could rent me a small 10 acres (英亩). They 8 at first, unwilling to take a risk, but I finally 9 to get the green light,” she says.
Four years later, those beautiful 10 acres of fields had turned into 20 acres filled with over 400,000 sunflowers. “ 10 , I had little confidence in the beginning,” says Ursula, "but the Sunflower Farm rose to fame and has become one of the most sought-after 11 in the province.”
While many visitors have never been to a farm at all, 12 a sunflower farm, the unique setting allows them to 13 the city for a while, breathe in the fresh air, gain a newfound 14 for agriculture, and maybe even 15 with their farming roots and what they may have taken for granted for too long.
1．A．stories B．needs C．habits D．dreams
2．A．career B．degree C．hobby D．project
3．A．practical B．important C．difficult D．dangerous
4．A．invite B．notice C．hire D．cover
5．A．issue B．idea C．truth D．founder
6．A．gain ground B．take root C．work wonders D．raise concerns
7．A．proposed B．adapted C．preferred D．proved
8．A．apologized B．refused C．panicked D．regretted
9．A．pretended B．returned C．promised D．managed
10．A．Supposedly B．Admittedly C．Similarly D．Consequently
11．A．occupations B．solutions C．institutions D．destinations
12．A．let alone B．except for C．such as D．regardless of
13．A．miss B．leave C．seize D．tour
14．A．demand B．support C．appreciation D．excuse
15．A．deal B．part C．compete D．reconnect
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述厄休拉求职不顺后，结合农场成长背景萌生农业旅游创业想法，说服家人后创办向日葵农场，农场成名成热门目的地，还让游客感受农场魅力、重拾农耕联结。
【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她儿时就有环游世界的梦想，还学习了国际商务，渴望在多伦多开创一番事业，但找工作的难度比她预想的要大得多。A. stories故事；B. needs需求；C. habits习惯；D. dreams梦想。根据后文“exploring the world and studied international business with a desire”以及语境可知，环游世界是她儿时的愿望。故选D项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然她儿时就有环游世界的梦想，还学习了国际商务，渴望在多伦多开创一番事业，但找工作的难度比她预想的要大得多。A. career事业；B. degree学位；C. hobby爱好；D. project项目。根据前文“studied international business”和后文“finding a job”以及语境可知，她学专业、找工作都是为了开创职业发展。故选A项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然她儿时就有环游世界的梦想，还学习了国际商务，渴望在多伦多开创一番事业，但找工作的难度比她预想的要大得多。A. practical实际的；B. important重要的；C. difficult困难的；D. dangerous危险的。根据后文“I would just create a job for myself”中她决定自己创业的举动可知，这里指找工作并不顺利。故选C项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：厄休拉说：“我决定，如果没人雇我，我就自己给自己创造一份工作。”A. invite邀请；B. notice注意到；C. hire雇佣；D. cover覆盖。根据前文“finding a job proved more ”和后文“create a job for myself”可知，她因没人雇佣才选择创业。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在一个大型家庭农场出生长大，所以创办农业旅游生意的想法自然而然地出现在她脑海中，并开始生根发芽。A. issue问题；B. idea想法；C. truth真相；D. founder创始人。根据后文“of an agriculture tourism business”并结合她的农场成长背景和创业的决定可知，创办农业旅游生意是她产生的创业想法。故选B项。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她在一个大型家庭农场出生长大，所以创办农业旅游生意的想法自然而然地出现在她脑海中，并开始生根发芽。A. gain ground发展；B. take root生根发芽；C. work wonders创造奇迹；D. raise concerns引发担忧。根据前文“came naturally to her and began to”以及语境可知，这里指创业想法从产生到逐步推进，像种子一样生根发芽。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我向家人提出了这个计划，问他们能不能租给我10英亩小地块。”A. proposed提出；B. adapted适应；C. preferred偏爱；D. proved证明。根据后文“asked if they could rent me a small 10 acres”可知，这里指她先向家人提出了自己的创业计划。故选A项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他们一开始拒绝了，不愿冒险，但我最终还是设法得到了许可。”A. apologized道歉；B. refused拒绝；C. panicked惊慌；D. regretted后悔。根据后文“unwilling to take a risk”和“but I finally get the green light”的转折可知，家人最初是拒绝的。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“他们一开始拒绝了，不愿冒险，但我最终还是设法得到了许可。”A. pretended假装；B. returned返回；C. promised承诺；D. managed设法做到。根据前文“unwilling to take a risk, but I finally”可知，这里指作者最终还是设法得到了许可，manage to do sth，是固定搭配，意为“设法做成某事”，契合她最终获得家人同意的结果。故选D项。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：厄休拉说：“诚然，一开始我没什么信心，但这片向日葵农场一举成名，成了该省最受欢迎的目的地之一。”A. Supposedly据称；B. Admittedly诚然；C. Similarly类似地；D. Consequently因此。根据后文“but the Sunflower Farm rose to fame”的转折可知，此处是她承认自己最初的心态。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：厄休拉说：“诚然，一开始我没什么信心，但这片向日葵农场一举成名，成了该省最受欢迎的目的地之一。”A. occupations职业；B. solutions解决办法；C. institutions机构；D. destinations目的地。根据前文“the Sunflower Farm rose to fame”以及语境可知，这里指农场出名了，现在是游客前往游玩的目的地。故选D项。
12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然很多游客根本没去过农场，更不用说向日葵农场了，但这个独特的地方能让他们暂时离开城市，呼吸新鲜空气，能对农业产生新的欣赏之情，甚至可能重新连接上自己的农耕根源，以及那些被他们长久视作理所当然的东西。A. let alone更不用说；B. except for除了；C. such as例如；D. regardless of不管。根据“never been to a farm at all”和“a sunflower farm”的递进关系可知，游客连普通农场都没去过，更不用说向日葵农场。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然很多游客根本没去过农场，更不用说向日葵农场了，但这个独特的地方能让他们暂时离开城市，呼吸新鲜空气，能对农业产生新的欣赏之情，甚至可能重新连接上自己的农耕根源，以及那些被他们长久视作理所当然的东西。A. miss想念；B. leave离开；C. seize抓住；D. tour游览。根据后文“the city for a while”以及语境可知，游客来到农场，就是暂时离开城市的生活。故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然很多游客根本没去过农场，更不用说向日葵农场了，但这个独特的地方能让他们暂时离开城市，呼吸新鲜空气，能对农业产生新的欣赏之情，甚至可能重新连接上自己的农耕根源，以及那些被他们长久视作理所当然的东西。A. demand需求；B. support支持；C. appreciation欣赏、感激；D. excuse借口。根据前文“breathe in the fresh air, gain a newfound ”以及语境可知，游客在农场体验后，会对农业产生新的认识和欣赏。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然很多游客根本没去过农场，更不用说向日葵农场了，但这个独特的地方能让他们暂时离开城市，呼吸新鲜空气，能对农业产生新的欣赏之情，甚至可能重新连接上自己的农耕根源，以及那些被他们长久视作理所当然的东西。A. deal处理；B. part分开；C. compete竞争；D. reconnect重新连接。根据后文“with their farming roots”以及语境可知，这里指游客可能重新连接上自己的农耕根源，reconnect with是固定搭配，意为“与……重新连接”，契合游客在农场体验中找回农耕根源的语境。故选D项。
思·维·迁·移
（2026·天津和平·一模）Marathons are often framed as a test of physical endurance. But for some, they begin as a playful claim — a silly family argument about who could run the marathon the fastest. It was 1 debate over who could outpace the 42 kilometers at first, but within minutes, we were online, signing up for a full marathon — no real training plans, no second thoughts, just four stubborn people determined to prove each wrong.
We had only three and a half weeks to train, and my longest run 2 was 20 kilometers. Though, that distance was nowhere near the full marathon length, I still felt like 3 myself, and I knew it was going to be a really tough task.
One day, after one of my sister’s long days in the clinic, she sank onto the couch and said, “I just went through a marathon of my own today.” That 4 with me ever since. We often use the word “marathon” to describe the non-stop, exhausting days healthcare workers 5 to bear. I realized the coming race could mean something bigger.
In the months leading up to the race, my mother was 6 with a brain tumor (脑瘤), then 7 underwent surgery and began her recovery. I 8 witnessed first-hand the extraordinary care she received. I realized who the real marathoners were — the healthcare workers working impossible shifts and 9 everything together for patients like my mom. Just then I found my “why”, wanting to run to represent the people who 10 for her.
I started running in my scrubs (外科手术服) — as a dental student I wear them regularly. I filmed everything — the good runs, the bad runs and the moments when I wanted to 11 . But what I didn’t 12 was how many people would actually find the journey meaningful. By race day, strangers from social media were shouting words of encouragement. Some even told me they felt inspired to run too.
Crossing that finish line wasn’t just about 13 my sisters. It was about becoming part of a large 14 of healthcare workers, runners and everyday people who 15 show up, push through and keep going no matter what happens.
Running the race was my way to 16 those healthcare workers running silent marathons daily. Their 17 is what I always aimed to be 18 to. I’ll carry this lesson as I 19 my career in dentistry, remembering to keep going like those 20 healthcare heroes.
1．A．lighthearted B．formal C．fierce D．friendly
2．A．never B．ever C．even D．still
3．A．challenging B．helping C．enjoying D．protecting
4．A．passed B．stayed C．changed D．left
5．A．refuse B．need C．try D．have
6．A．filled B．covered C．diagnosed D．provided
7．A．almost B．yet C．already D．soon
8．A．truly B．hardly C．nearly D．suddenly
9．A．breaking B．holding C．throwing D．putting
10．A．waited B．cared C．looked D．fought
11．A．show up B．set off C．wake up D．give up
12．A．expect B．promise C．share D．prepare
13．A．teaching B．following C．supporting D．beating
14．A．family B．team C．community D．company
15．A．never B．seldom C．always D．sometimes
16．A．greet B．thank C．calm D．comfort
17．A．determination B．doubt C．fight D．worry
18．A．honest B．patient C．committed D．brave
19．A．end B．start C．change D．continue
20．A．amazing B．common C．ordinary D．normal
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文讲述了作者一家人因玩笑而报名马拉松，后来作者因母亲患病亲身感受医护人员的付出，将马拉松变为致敬医护英雄的经历。
【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：起初这只是一场关于谁能跑赢42公里的轻松辩论，但几分钟之内，我们就上网报名了全程马拉松——没有真正的训练计划，没有再三考虑，只有四个固执的人决心证明对方错了。A. lighthearted轻松的；B. formal正式的；C. fierce激烈的；D. friendly友好的。根据上文“they begin as a playful claim — a silly family argument”可知，这场辩论最初是玩笑性质的，一开始并没有认真，因此这是一场轻松的辩论。
2．考查副词。句意：我们只有三周半的训练时间，我跑过的最长跑步距离是20公里。A. never从不；B. ever曾经，以往任何时候；C. even甚至；D. still仍然。根据空前“my longest run”可知，此处指作者跑过的最长距离，ever常和最高级连用，加强语气。
3．考查动词。句意：尽管这个距离远不及全程马拉松的长度，我仍然想要挑战自己，我也知道这将是一项非常艰巨的任务。A. challenging挑战；B. helping帮助；C. enjoying享受；D. protecting保护。根据下文“it was going to be a really tough task”可知，作者认为跑全程马拉松非常艰巨，但依然想挑战自己。
4．考查动词。句意：从那以后，这句话一直留在我心中。A. passed传递；B. stayed停留；C. changed改变；D. left离开。根据上文“she sank onto the couch and said, “I just went through a marathon of my own today.””可知，姐姐说自己当天经历了一场属于她的马拉松，这句话从此一直留在作者心中，stay with sb.在此表示“留在某人心中”。
5．考查动词。句意：我们经常用“马拉松”这个词来形容医护人员不得不承受的不停歇、令人疲惫的日子。A. refuse拒绝；B. need需要；C. try尝试；D. have有。根据空前“the non-stop, exhausting days healthcare workers”和空后“to bear”并结合常识可知，医护人员必须承受高强度工作，have to表示“不得不”。
6．考查动词。句意：在比赛前的几个月，我母亲被诊断出患有脑瘤，之后不久她就接受了手术，开始康复。A. filled充满；B. covered覆盖；C. diagnosed诊断；D. provided提供。根据空后“with a brain tumor (脑瘤)”可知，母亲被诊断出患有脑瘤，be diagnosed with是固定搭配，表示“被诊断出患有（疾病）”。
7．考查副词。句意同上。A. almost几乎；B. yet还；C. already已经；D. soon不久，很快。根据空后“underwent surgery and began her recovery”可知，母亲被诊断出脑瘤后，很快就安排了手术，soon符合事情发展的逻辑顺序。
8．考查副词。句意：我真的亲眼目睹了她得到的非凡护理。A. truly真正地；B. hardly几乎不；C. nearly几乎；D. suddenly突然。根据空后“witnessed first-hand the extraordinary care she received”可知，作者是患者的家属，作者确实亲眼看到了医护人员的照顾，truly强调亲身经历。
9．考查动词。句意：我意识到谁是真正的马拉松选手——就是那些承受着不可能的轮班，为像我妈妈这样的病人维持一切运转的医护人员。A. breaking打破；B. holding维持，保持；C. throwing扔；D. putting放置。根据空后“everything together for patients like my mom”可知，此处表示医护人员照顾病人、维持工作有序进行，hold everything together表示“使一切保持正常运转”。
10．考查动词。句意：就在那时我找到了我的“为什么”，我想要为那些照顾过她的人奔跑代言。A. waited等待；B. cared照顾，关心；C. looked看；D. fought战斗。根据上文“the extraordinary care she received”可知，母亲生病住院时医护人员给予照顾，care for是固定搭配，表示“照顾”。
11．考查动词短语。句意：我拍摄了一切——顺畅的奔跑，糟糕的奔跑，还有我想要放弃的时刻。A. show up出现；B. set off出发；C. wake up醒来；D. give up放弃。根据空前“the good runs, the bad runs and the moments when I wanted to”和常识可知，前面提到顺利的跑步、难熬的跑步，而训练过程很辛苦，会有想要放弃的时刻。
12．考查动词。句意：但我没有料到的是，居然有这么多人觉得这段旅程有意义。A. expect预料，期待；B. promise承诺；C. share分享；D. prepare准备。根据下文“how many people would actually find the journey meaningful”可知，这么多人被这段旅程打动是作者没有预料到的。
13．考查动词。句意：冲过终点线不仅仅是为了击败我的姐妹。A. teaching教；B. following跟随；C. supporting支持；D. beating击败。根据第一段中“a silly family argument about who could run the marathon the fastest”和“just four stubborn people determined to prove each wrong”可知，一开始一家人争论谁跑得最快，报名马拉松就是为了证明自己比其他人快，驳倒对方，因此冲线原本的目的是击败姐妹。
14．考查名词。句意：它是关于成为一个大群体的一部分，这个群体由医护人员、跑步者和普通人组成，无论发生什么，他们总是出现，坚持到底，继续前进。A. family家庭；B. team团队；C. community群体，社区；D. company公司。根据空后“of healthcare workers, runners and everyday people”可知，这里指由医护人员、跑步爱好者、普通人组成的大社群。
15．考查副词。句意同上。A. never从不；B. seldom很少；C. always总是；D. sometimes有时。根据空后“show up, push through and keep going no matter what happens”可知，无论发生什么都出现，坚持到底，继续前进，这些人一直都秉持着这种特质。
16．考查动词。句意：跑这场比赛是我感谢那些每天都在跑着无声马拉松的医护人员的方式。A. greet问候；B. thank感谢；C. calm使平静；D. comfort安慰。根据第四段“wanting to run to represent the people who _____ for her”可知，作者的母亲得到了医护人员的精心照顾，作者跑马拉松就是为了表达对医护人员的感谢。
17．考查名词。句意：他们的奋斗是我一直致力于追求的目标。A. determination决心；B. doubt怀疑；C. fight奋斗；D. worry担心。根据上文“those healthcare workers running silent marathons daily”并结合常识可知，医护人员每天都在参与无声的职业马拉松，面对高强度工作，和疾病斗争，这是他们的奋斗。
18．考查形容词。句意同上。A. honest诚实的；B. patient耐心的；C. committed坚定的，尽心尽力的；D. brave勇敢的。根据空前“what I always aimed to be”和空后“to”可知，作者以医护人员为榜样，致力于成为像他们一样的人，be committed to表示“致力于，献身于”。
19．考查动词。句意：我将带着这个道理开始我的牙医职业生涯，记住要像那些了不起的医护英雄一样坚持下去。A. end结束；B. start开始；C. change改变；D. continue继续。第五段中“as a dental student I wear them regularly”提到作者现在是牙科学生，因此是即将开始自己的职业生涯。
20．考查形容词。句意同上。A. amazing令人惊叹的，了不起的；B. common普通的；C. ordinary平凡的；D. normal正常的。根据空后“healthcare heroes”可知，作者称医护人员为英雄，表达赞扬，amazing符合褒扬的语境。
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