专题12 情态动词&虚拟语气（复习讲义）（全国通用）2027年春季高考英语

专题12 情态动词&虚拟语气 内容导航 命题精研与考情透视 1 一、考试要求 1 二、命题分析 2 知识网络梳理 2 知识点1、情态动词的基本用法 2 知识点2、情态动词表推测 2 知识点3、情态动词+have done 3 知识点4、虚拟语气 3 核心考点精讲 3 考点一、情态动词的基本用法 3 考点二、情态动词表推测 6 考点三、情态动词+have done 9 考点四、if 虚拟条件句 11 考点五、其他虚拟句型 14 实战演练 17 考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考语法填空的两大高频点。情态动词的考查集中在三处：推测语气的强弱与否定、“情态动词+have done”所表达的“做过没有、该不该做”、以及 must／need／shall 在具体语境中的含义。虚拟语气则集中在 if 条件句的三套时间形式、省略 if 的倒装、混合与含蓄条件，以及 (should) do 型名词性从句和 wish、It’s high time、would rather 等固定句型。 备考时不能只背形式。情态动词要先判断“说话人是在推测还是在表态”，虚拟语气要先判断“假设的时间落在现在、过去还是将来”，再看主句与从句是否错位。语境读准了，形式自然不会选错。 命题分析 考点 考查内容 命题趋势 情态动词的基本用法 能力、许可、义务与建议 预计 2027 年在语法填空中以“无提示词”形式考查 情态动词表推测 must／may／might／can’t 的推测链 预计 2027 年在语法填空和完形填空中考查 情态动词+have done have done 的责备与推测口气 预计 2027 年在语法填空和读后续写中考查 虚拟语气 if 三时态、倒装与固定句型 预计 2027 年在语法填空和书面表达中考查 知识点1、常考的情态动词 分类 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 推测 must 一定、肯定 只用于肯定句 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. can/could 可能、也许 用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t表不可能 It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America. may/might 可能、也许 用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表可能不 Your mother may /might not know the truth. 能力 can/could 能够 can只有现在和过去时 Mary can speak three languages. be able to 能够 当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用could而用was/were able to。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 许可 can/could 可以 ①问句中用could/might更显客气和委婉。 ②肯定回答一般用can,显得语气肯定干脆。 --Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) may/might May I come in? 必要 must 必须 表主观要求，注意must提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，见例句。 --Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. have to 不得不 表客观需求 It is raining heavily, so we have to stay at home. ought to 应该 与should用法同 Young people ought to show respect for the old. should 应该 Shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 其他 need 需要 1）用作实义动词后接to do 2）用作情态动词后接  do，只用于否定句和问句 You don’t need to do it yourself. dare 敢 She dare not go out alone at night. 情态动词+完成时态 情态动词 含义 例句 must have done 肯定做过/发生过 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I  saw him in the library just  now. may/might have done 可能已经..... You might have read about it in the papers could have done 本来可以.....，本来能够 I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam. Should have done 本应该做..... You should have finished the task yesterday. ought to have done 本应该做..... needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事但又做了 I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.  句型 can not/never.....too 无论怎么.....也不过分越.....越好 While crossing the street, you can never be too careful. 知识点2、虚拟语气 （一）If条件句虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 倒装虚拟：如果if从句中含有were, had, should，可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成倒装。 混合虚拟：主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致。 含蓄虚拟：不用if从句，而用介词短语、副词或上下文来表示虚拟条件。 （二）名词性从句虚拟语气 核心结构：(should) + 动词原形 （should 可省略） 标志词 动词：suggest, insist, order, command, advise, propose, recommend, demand, require, request, desire 名词：suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, demand, requirement (后的表语从句或同位语从句) 形容词：important, necessary, natural, imperative, essential, strange, vital (在 It is + adj. + that... 主语从句中) （三）特殊句型虚拟语气 1. Wish 与 If Only 的用法完全一致 2. It is (high/about) time that... 3. would rather (that)... · 考点一 情态动词的基本用法 精讲巧练 规则1：能力——can／could／be able to 规则2：许可、请求与义务 规则3：shall／will／need／dare 的语境义 规则1：能力——can／could／be able to can 表示“本来就会”，could 是过去的能力；was／were able to 强调“某一次真的做到了”，相当于 managed to。can 只有现在和过去两种形式，将来时或其他时态要借助 be able to。 例句 She can read music, but she can’t play the piano.（她会识谱，但不会弹钢琴。） He could swim at five, and he was able to cross the river that day.（他五岁就会游泳，那天他真的游过了那条河。） 变式题1： — you swim when you were six? — Yes, but I only swim a few metres then. A.Can; could B.Could; could C.Could; was able to D.Can; was able to 答案：B 解析：第一空问六岁时的能力，用过去式 Could；第二空说的是当时“只能游几米”的既有能力，不是某一次具体的成功动作，仍用 could。 变式题2： Though he not speak English well, he make himself understood at yesterday’s meeting. A.could; was able to B.can; could C.could; could D.was able to; could 答案：A 解析：前半句是过去的一般能力，用 could not；后半句强调“昨天那次会议上他真的做到了”，用 was able to。 变式题3： The baby walk yet, but he stand up by himself. A.can’t; can B.couldn’t; could C.can’t; could D.couldn’t; can 答案：A 解析：yet 说明谈的是现在的能力，第一空用 can’t；后半句同样是现在的状态，用 can。 规则2：许可、请求与义务 请求许可用 can／could／may／might，could／might 更客气；给出许可用 can／may，不用 could／might。must 是说话人的主观要求，have to 是客观规定；must 的否定回答用 needn’t／don’t have to，mustn’t 表示“禁止”，不能用来回答 Must I...? 例句 Could I use your phone for a minute? — Yes, you can.（我能用一下你的电话吗？——可以。） You mustn’t smoke here, but you don’t have to wait outside.（这里禁止吸烟，但你没必要在外面等。） 变式题4： — Must I finish the report tonight? — No, you . You can hand it in on Friday. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 答案：B 解析：Must I...? 的否定回答表示“不必”，用 needn’t 或 don’t have to；mustn’t 是“禁止”，与句意不符。 变式题5： — I take this seat? — I’m afraid you . It has been reserved. A.May; needn’t B.Must; mustn’t C.Can; can’t D.Should; shouldn’t 答案：C 解析：第一句是请求许可，用 Can／May；答句表示“不可以”，用 can’t。must 提问不能用 mustn’t 回答。 变式题6： Visitors feed the animals in the zoo; it is against the rules. A.needn’t B.don’t have to C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 答案：C 解析：“违反规定”说明这里是明令禁止，用 mustn’t；needn’t 和 don’t have to 都表示“不必”。 规则3：shall／will／need／dare 的语境义 shall 用于第二、三人称，表示规定、命令或允诺；用于第一人称，表示征求意见。will／would 表示意愿或委婉请求。need／dare 既可作情态动词（多用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形），也可作实义动词（后接 to do）。 例句 Students shall not leave the campus before five.（学生五点之前不得离开校园。） Need I say more? — No, you needn’t.（还需要我多说吗？——不必了。） 变式题7： According to the library rules, no one take the magazines out of the reading room. A.need B.shall C.dare D.would 答案：B 解析：“library rules”表明这是规章里的规定，shall 用于第三人称表示“不得、应当”。 变式题8： you please pass me the dictionary on the shelf? A.Shall B.Must C.Would D.Need 答案：C 解析：Would you please...? 是委婉请求的固定说法；Shall 用于第一、三人称征求意见。 变式题9： She not go out alone at night when she was a child. A.need B.dare C.must D.should 答案：B 解析：dare not do 表示“不敢做”，此处是过去的事情，dare 的形式不变；need not 表示“不必”。 · 考点二 情态动词表推测 精讲巧练 规则1：肯定推测的三档语气 规则2：否定推测与疑问推测 规则3：推测的时间落点 规则1：肯定推测的三档语气 must 的把握最大，依据最充分；should／ought to 表示“按理应当”，常带一点意外；may 表示客观上有可能；might／could 的把握最小，语气最弱。四个词都只用于肯定句。 例句 The light is on and the door is open; he must be at home.（灯亮着，门也开着，他一定在家。） It’s already ten o’clock; she may be on her way to the airport.（已经十点了，她可能在去机场的路上。） 变式题10： — Whose umbrella is this? — It be Mary’s. She left hers here this morning. A. must B. can C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 答案：A 解析：“早上把伞落在这里”是充分依据，表示把握很大的肯定推测，用 must。 变式题11： The traffic is heavy. We be late for the opening ceremony. A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 答案：B 解析：堵车只是“可能迟到”，把握不大，用 may；must 语气过强，can’t 与句意相反。 变式题12： This sweater be Tom’s. It’s much too small for him. A. must B.might C.can’t D.should 答案：C 解析：“对他来说太小”否定了可能性，用 can’t 表示“不可能是”。 规则2：否定推测与疑问推测 can’t／couldn’t 表示“不可能”，是对 must 的否定；may not／might not 语气弱，只表示“可能不”。疑问句里问“有没有可能”，用 Can／Could it be...?，不用 Must it be...? 例句 He can’t be in the office—his car is still parked outside.（他不可能在办公室——他的车还停在外面。） Can it be true that the match has been put off?（比赛延期的消息可能是真的吗？） 变式题13： She be the new manager—I saw her working at the front desk this morning. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 答案：B 解析：“早上还看见她在前台”是排除性证据，用 can’t 表示“不可能”；mustn’t 表示禁止。 变式题14： — the news be true? — I’m afraid not. Nobody has confirmed it. A.Must B.Can C.Need D.Shall 答案：B 解析：疑问句中询问可能性用 Can it be...?；Must 表示“必须”，Need 表示“需要”，都不合句意。 变式题15： He not have received my message; otherwise he would have replied. A.must B.may C.can D.should 答案：B 解析：may not have done 表示“可能没有做过”，语气较弱；must not 不能表示推测。 规则3：推测的时间落点 对现在或将来的状态推测，用“情态动词+do／be”；对正在进行的情况推测，用“情态动词+be doing”；对过去推测，用“情态动词+have done”。判断顺序是：先定时间，再定语气。 例句 They must be waiting at the gate now.（他们现在一定在门口等着。） She must have forgotten the appointment.（她一定是把约会忘了。） 变式题16： Listen! Someone the piano in the next room. A.must play B.must be playing C.must have played D.can play 答案：B 解析：Listen 提示动作正在进行，对此刻情况的推测用 must be doing。 变式题17： The ground is wet. It last night. A.must rain B.must be raining C.must have rained D.can have rained 答案：C 解析：地面湿是现在的结果，下雨发生在昨晚，对过去的推测用 must have done；can 不用于肯定推测。 变式题18： By the time we arrive, they for us at the entrance. A.must wait B.must be waiting C.must have waited D.must have been waiting 答案：B 解析：“我们到达时”是将来的一点，那一刻正在等，用 must be waiting。 · 考点三 情态动词+have done 精讲巧练 规则1：对过去的推测 规则2：责备、遗憾与庆幸 规则3：虚拟口气与含蓄条件 规则1：对过去的推测 must have done 表示“一定做过”；can’t／couldn’t have done 表示“不可能做过”；may／might have done 表示“可能做过”。判断依据是句子里有没有过去的痕迹：last night、yesterday、by then，或上下文已经说明事情发生在过去。 例句 The roads are empty; they must have started very early.（路上没人，他们一定很早就出发了。） She couldn’t have finished the report so soon—she only got the data this morning.（她不可能这么快就写完报告——她今天早上才拿到数据。） 变式题19： — Why is the classroom so clean? — The students it before the bell rang. A.must clean B.must have cleaned C.should clean D.can have cleaned 答案：B 解析：打扫发生在铃声之前，是过去的事；有“教室很干净”作依据，用 must have cleaned。 变式题20： He the film—he was at the library all evening. A.must have seen B.can’t have seen C.may have seen D.should have seen 答案：B 解析：“整晚在图书馆”排除了看电影的可能，用 can’t have seen。 变式题21： I’m not sure, but she the news from her sister. A.must have heard B.might have heard C.shouldn’t have heard D.needn’t have heard 答案：B 解析：I’m not sure 说明把握不大，用 might have heard；must 语气过强。 规则2：责备、遗憾与庆幸 should／ought to have done 表示“本该做却没做”；shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做却做了”；needn’t have done 表示“本不必做却做了”。三者都指向过去，句子里常出现 now、yesterday 等对照信息。 例句 You should have told me earlier; now we have missed the deadline.（你本该早点告诉我，现在我们已经错过了截止时间。） You needn’t have bought so much food—we already had plenty.（你本不必买这么多吃的——我们本来就有很多。） 变式题22： I him the truth, but I was afraid of hurting him. A.should tell B.should have told C.must tell D.needn’t tell 答案：B 解析：“当时害怕伤到他”说明事情在过去，实际情况是没告诉，用 should have told 表示“本该告诉”。 变式题23： You so much money on the ticket; the concert is free for students. A.needn’t spend B.needn’t have spent C.shouldn’t spend D.mustn’t have spent 答案：B 解析：票已经买了，钱已经花了，用 needn’t have done 表示“本不必花”。 变式题24： She the invitation, but she did, and now she is upset. A.shouldn’t accept B.shouldn’t have accepted C.needn’t accept D.mustn’t accept 答案：B 解析：“现在她很难过”说明接受邀请是过去的事，用 shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该接受”。 规则3：虚拟口气与含蓄条件 could have done 表示“本来能做成”；would have done 表示“本来会做”；两者常与 but for、without、otherwise、or 等含蓄条件连用，构成与过去事实相反的假设。 例句 I could have finished the work on time, but the computer broke down.（我本来能按时完成，但电脑坏了。） But for your help, we would have lost the match.（要不是你帮忙，我们本来会输掉比赛。） 变式题25： Without the map, we in the forest that night. A.would get lost B.would have got lost C.must have got lost D.should get lost 答案：B 解析：Without the map 是含蓄条件，相当于 If we hadn’t had the map；事情发生在过去，主句用 would have done。 变式题26： I was busy with the exam; otherwise I your party. A.would attend B.would have attended C.must have attended D.should attend 答案：B 解析：otherwise 暗示“当时没去”，与过去事实相反，用 would have attended。 变式题27： He the record, but he hurt his ankle before the final. A.could break B.could have broken C.must have broken D.should break 答案：B 解析：“决赛前伤了脚踝”说明纪录最终没被打破，用 could have done 表示“本来能打破”。 · 考点四 if 虚拟条件句 精讲巧练 规则1：三套时间形式 规则2：省略 if 的倒装 规则3：混合虚拟与含蓄条件 规则1：三套时间形式 与现在事实相反：从句用过去式（be 一律用 were），主句用 would／could／might／should + do。与过去事实相反：从句用 had done，主句用 would／could／might／should + have done。与将来事实相反：从句用 should do、were to do 或过去式，主句用 would／could／might／should + do。 例句 If I were you, I would apply for the exchange programme.（如果我是你，我会申请这个交流项目。） If they had set out earlier, they would have caught the last train.（如果他们早点出发，本来能赶上末班火车。） 变式题28： If it tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. A.rains B.rained C.has rained D.would rain 答案：B 解析：与将来事实相反的条件句，从句可用过去式 rained（也可用 should rain／were to rain），主句已经用了 would be put off。 变式题29： If she the doctor’s advice, she would be walking now. A.follows B.followed C.had followed D.should follow 答案：C 解析：从句说的是过去没听医嘱，主句说的是现在的结果，属于混合虚拟，从句用 had followed。 变式题30： If I the chance, I would have chosen a different major. A.had had B.have had C.had D.would have 答案：A 解析：主句 would have chosen 表明与过去相反，从句用 had done，have 的过去完成式为 had had。 规则2：省略 if 的倒装 if 从句中含有 were、had、should 时，可以省略 if，把这三个词提到主语之前，构成部分倒装：Were I...、Had he...、Should it...。这种结构多用于书面语，语气更正式。 例句 Had you arrived five minutes earlier, you would have met him.（你要是早到五分钟，本来能见到他。） Were I in your position, I would ask for more time.（如果我处在你的位置，我会要求更多时间。） 变式题31： it not for the witness, the case would never have been solved. A.If B.Were C.Had D.Should 答案：C 解析：原句为 If it had not been for the witness；省略 if 后把 had 提前，成为 Had it not been for...。 变式题32： anything go wrong, please call me at once. A.Should B.Would C.Must D.Need 答案：A 解析：对将来的虚拟条件，从句用 should do；省略 if 后 Should 提前，构成 Should anything go wrong...。 变式题33： I younger, I would take up skiing. A.If B.Were C.Had D.Am 答案：B 解析：原句为 If I were younger；省略 if 后 were 提前，成为 Were I younger...。 规则3：混合虚拟与含蓄条件 从句与主句的时间不一致时，各按各的时间用形式，这叫混合虚拟。没有 if 从句、而由 without、but for、otherwise、or 或上下文暗示条件时，叫含蓄虚拟，主句形式仍按假设的时间确定。 例句 If he had taken the job, he would be working in Shanghai now.（如果他当初接了那份工作，现在就在上海工作了。） But for the timely rain, the crops would have died.（要不是那场及时雨，庄稼本来会枯死。） 变式题34： If you had warned me earlier, I at home now. A.would stay B.would have stayed C.will stay D.stayed 答案：A 解析：从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反（now），用 would stay，构成混合虚拟。 变式题35： for the money he borrowed, he could not have opened the shop. A.But B.If C.Without D.Except 答案：A 解析：But for 表示“要不是”，后接名词，相当于 If it had not been for；Without 后也可接名词，但句中已有 for，搭配为 But for。 变式题36： The alarm rang in time; otherwise the warehouse down. A.would burn B.would have burnt C.must have burnt D.should burn 答案：B 解析：otherwise 暗示与过去事实相反的条件，主句用 would have done。 · 考点五 其他虚拟句型 精讲巧练 规则1：wish 与 if only 规则2：(should) do 型名词性从句 规则3：It’s time／would rather／as if 规则1：wish 与 if only wish 和 if only 都表示难以实现的愿望。对现在或将来失望：从句用过去式（be 用 were）；对过去遗憾：从句用 had done 或 could have done。if only 的语气比 wish 更强烈。 例句 I wish I could speak French as fluently as she does.（真希望我能像她那样流利地说法语。） If only I had taken that chance years ago.（要是我多年前抓住那个机会就好了。） 变式题37： I wish I taller—then I could join the basketball team. A.am B.were C.had been D.would be 答案：B 解析：对现在的身高不满意，wish 从句用过去式，be 统一用 were。 变式题38： If only she the message yesterday! A.reads B.read C.had read D.would read 答案：C 解析：yesterday 表明是对过去的遗憾，if only 从句用 had done。 变式题39： He wishes he so rude to his mother last night. A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.isn’t D.wouldn’t be 答案：B 解析：last night 指向过去，wish 从句用 had not been，表示对已发生行为的后悔。 规则2：(should) do 型名词性从句 表示建议、命令、要求的动词（suggest、advise、recommend、order、demand、require、insist 等）后面的宾语从句，以及对应的名词（suggestion、advice、order、demand、requirement 等）后面的表语从句、同位语从句，还有 It is important／necessary／essential／strange that... 的主语从句，谓语都用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 例句 The doctor recommended that he (should) give up smoking.（医生建议他戒烟。） It is necessary that every student (should) wear a name tag.（每个学生都应当佩戴姓名牌。） 变式题40： The manager insisted that the meeting on Friday. A.is held B.was held C.be held D.will be held 答案：C 解析：insist 表示“坚持要求”时，从句用 (should) be done；会议与 hold 是被动关系，故用 be held。 变式题41： It is important that everyone the safety rules. A.follows B.followed C.follow D.has followed 答案：C 解析：It is important that... 的主语从句用 (should) + 动词原形，should 省略后为 follow。 变式题42： His advice that we more exercise was ignored. A.took B.take C.have taken D.would take 答案：B 解析：advice 后的同位语从句用 (should) do，省略 should 后用动词原形 take。 规则3：It’s time／would rather／as if It is (high／about) time that... 表示“早该做某事了”，从句用过去式，或 should + 动词原形（should 不省略）。would rather 后的宾语从句，与现在或将来相反用过去式，与过去相反用 had done。as if／as though 从句表示不真实的情况时，与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用 had done。 例句 It’s high time that we started to protect the wetland.（我们早该开始保护这片湿地了。） He talks as if he had witnessed the whole accident.（他讲起来好像亲眼目睹了整起事故。） 变式题43： It’s about time that the government stricter measures. A.takes B.took C.will take D.has taken 答案：B 解析：It’s about time that... 从句用过去式，也可用 should take，但不能用一般现在时或将来时。 变式题44： I would rather you me the truth yesterday. A.tell B.told C.had told D.would tell 答案：C 解析：yesterday 表明与过去相反，would rather 从句用 had done。 变式题45： She treats the dog as if it a member of the family. A.is B.were C.had been D.would be 答案：B 解析：as if 从句与现在事实相反（狗并不是家庭成员），用过去式，be 用 were。 一、单句语法填空 1．— I borrow your dictionary for a while? — Sure, here you are. 【答案】May/Can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我能借用一下你的词典吗？——当然，给你。请求许可用 May 或 Can，首字母大写，故填 May 或 Can。 2．You not tell him about it; it was supposed to be a surprise. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你绝不能把这件事告诉他，这本来是个惊喜。表示禁止用 must not，故填 must。 3．He swim across the river when he was only eight. 【答案】could/was able to 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他八岁时就能游过那条河。表示过去的能力，用 could；强调某一次做到，也可用 was able to。 4．— Need I hand in the form today? — No, you . Tomorrow is fine. 【答案】needn't/don't have to 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——我今天需要交表吗？——不必，明天也行。Need I...? 的否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to。 5．Students remain in the classroom until the bell rings. 【答案】shall 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：学生须留在教室直到铃响。表示规定、要求，用于第三人称，用 shall。 6．She not go out at night when she lived alone. 【答案】dare 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她独自居住时晚上不敢出门。dare not do 表示“不敢”，dare 作情态动词形式不变。 7．— Look! The light in his office is still on. — He be working late again. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——看，他办公室的灯还亮着。——他一定又在加班。有灯亮为依据，把握很大，用 must。 8．This be the right way—there is no road sign at all. 【答案】can't/couldn't 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：这不可能是正确的路——连路标都没有。表示“不可能”，用 can't，过去时用 couldn't。 9．It’s already midnight. They be sleeping now. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：已经半夜了，他们现在一定在睡觉。对此刻情况的肯定推测，用 must be doing。 10．She have missed the train; she left home two hours ago. 【答案】can't/couldn't 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她不可能错过火车，她两小时前就出门了。表示对过去的否定推测，用 can't have done。 11．The ground is covered with snow. It have snowed heavily last night. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：地上覆盖着雪，昨晚一定下过大雪。对过去的肯定推测，用 must have done。 12．I’m not certain, but he have gone to the library. 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我不确定，但他可能去图书馆了。把握不大，用 may 或 might。 13．You have told her the news—she was so happy to hear it. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你本该把这个消息告诉她，她听了会很高兴。表示“本该做”，用 should have done。 14．You have waited for me—I had my own key. 【答案】needn't 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你本不必等我，我自己有钥匙。表示“本不必做却做了”，用 needn't have done。 15．He have won the race, but he fell at the last bend. 【答案】could 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：他本来能赢得比赛，但他在最后一个弯道摔倒了。表示“本来能”，用 could have done。 16． it not for your support, I would have given up long ago. 【答案】Had 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的支持，我早就放弃了。原句为 If it had not been for...，省略 if 后 had 提前，故填 Had。 17．If I you, I would apologize to her right now. 【答案】were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会马上向她道歉。与现在事实相反，从句 be 动词用 were。 18．If they had left earlier, they not have been caught in the storm. 【答案】would 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们早点出发，就不会遇上暴风雨。与过去事实相反，主句用 would have done。 19．If it rain tomorrow, the picnic would be cancelled. 【答案】should/were to 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果明天下雨，野餐就会取消。与将来事实相反，从句可用 should rain 或 were to rain。 20．If she had studied harder, she be a doctor now. 【答案】would 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她当初更努力学习，现在就是医生了。从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反，用 would be。 21． I in your shoes, I would refuse the offer. 【答案】Were 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我处在你的位置，我会拒绝这个提议。省略 if 的倒装，Were 提前，故填 Were。 22． he arrived earlier, he would have seen the opening. 【答案】Had 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他早到一点，就能看到开幕式。原句 If he had arrived earlier，省略 if 后 Had 提前。 23．I wish I know the answer to that question. 【答案】knew 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：真希望我知道那个问题的答案。对现在的愿望，wish 从句用过去式，故填 knew。 24．If only we taken the other road! 【答案】had 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我们走了另一条路就好了！对过去的遗憾，if only 从句用 had done。 25．It’s high time that we something about air pollution. 【答案】did/should do 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们早该对空气污染采取行动了。It’s high time that... 从句用过去式，或用 should + 动词原形。 26．I would rather you not mention it to anyone. 【答案】did 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你不要向任何人提起这件事。与现在或将来相反，would rather 从句用过去式，否定用 didn't。 27．He speaks English as if he born in London. 【答案】had been 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说英语好像生在伦敦似的。与过去事实相反，as if 从句用 had done。 28．The doctor suggested that she a good rest. 【答案】(should) take 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：医生建议她好好休息。suggest 表建议，从句用 (should) + 动词原形，故填 (should) take。 29．It is necessary that every member the meeting on time. 【答案】(should) attend 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：每位成员都应当准时参会。It is necessary that... 从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 30．Her proposal that the park rebuilt was accepted. 【答案】(should) be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：她提出的公园应重建的建议被采纳了。proposal 后的同位语从句用 (should) be done。 31．But for your timely warning, we have made a wrong decision. 【答案】would 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你及时提醒，我们本来会做出错误决定。But for 引出含蓄条件，主句用 would have done。 32．Without water, no living thing survive. 【答案】could 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有水，任何生物都无法生存。Without 引出与现在事实相反的条件，主句用 could do。 33．I was ill that day; otherwise I have joined the trip. 【答案】would 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加那次旅行了。otherwise 暗示与过去相反，用 would have done。 34． anything happen to the machine, press the red button at once. 【答案】Should 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：万一机器出问题，立刻按红色按钮。省略 if 的 Should 倒装，故填 Should。 35．It is strange that he refuse such a good offer. 【答案】(should) refuse 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他竟拒绝这么好的提议，真是奇怪。It is strange that... 从句用 (should) + 动词原形。 36．The teacher demanded that the homework handed in before Friday. 【答案】(should) be 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师要求周五前交作业。demand 后的宾语从句用 (should) be done。 37．If he the truth, he would not be so calm now. 【答案】had known 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他当时知道真相，现在就不会这么平静。从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反。 38．You have asked me before you used my computer. 【答案】should 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你用我的电脑之前本该先问问我。表示“本该做”，用 should have done。 39．The boy have finished his homework; he is still watching TV. 【答案】can't 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：那男孩不可能写完作业，他还在看电视。对过去的否定推测，用 can't have done。 40．She be over fifty, but she looks much younger. 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她一定五十多了，但看上去年轻得多。依据充分，用 must be。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last spring, the town council announced that the old market by the river 1. (close) at the end of the year. The shopkeepers were shocked, 2. they refused to move without a proper plan. Within a week they 3. (collect) more than 3,000 signatures, and a public meeting 4. (hold) in the town hall, where residents were allowed to speak. “If the council 5. (not act) quickly, this market would have disappeared for ever,” said Mrs. Chen, who has sold vegetables there for thirty years. Her words were 6. (power) enough to change the decision. The council agreed 7. (turn) the old site into a covered market, and money 8. (give) by the local government for the repair work. The new market, 9. the same families will keep their stalls, is due to open next June. Shoppers are told that they 10. (must) bring their own bags, because plastic ones will no longer be provided. For the shopkeepers, the past year has been a lesson in patience. They waited, argued and voted, and in the end the market they grew up with is still standing. 【答案】1. would be closed 【解析】announced 是过去时，market 与 close 是被动关系，且关闭发生在将来（相对过去而言），用过去将来时的被动语态。 【答案】2. so 【解析】前后为因果关系，且后句是前句的结果，用并列连词 so。 【答案】3. had collected 【解析】签名在公开会议之前完成，属“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。 【答案】4. was held 【解析】会议已经举行，且 meeting 与 hold 是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。 【答案】5. had not acted 【解析】与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用 had done，故填 had not acted。 【答案】6. powerful 【解析】were 后需要形容词作表语，power 的形容词形式为 powerful。 【答案】7. to turn 【解析】agree to do sth. 为固定搭配，用动词不定式作宾语。 【答案】8. was given 【解析】money 与 give 是被动关系，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。 【答案】9. where 【解析】非限制性定语从句修饰 the new market，从句中缺少地点状语，用关系副词 where。 【答案】10. must 【解析】“必须自带购物袋”表示规定，情态动词 must 后接动词原形，故填 must。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I first joined the school orchestra, I 1. (tell) that I would never be good enough to play in public. For months I practised alone in the music room after class, 2. (hope) that one day my fingers would move as freely as those of the older players. My teacher, Mr. Wu, never pushed me. “You 3. not compare yourself with others,” he said. “Just listen, and let the music 4. (teach) you.” His words sounded simple, 5. they stayed with me. Last October, when the orchestra 6. (prepare) for the autumn concert, one of the violinists fell ill. Mr. Wu handed me the music and said, “You 7. (can) do it if you keep calm.” I was terrified, but I played that evening, and the hall 8. (fill) with warm applause. Looking back, I realize that I 9. (not) have succeeded without his trust. If he 10. (choose) someone else that day, I would still be practising alone in that empty room. 【答案】1. was told 【解析】I 与 tell 是被动关系，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。 【答案】2. hoping 【解析】逗号后作伴随状语，I 与 hope 是主动关系，用现在分词。 【答案】3. should 【解析】“你不应该拿自己和别人比”表示建议，用情态动词 should。 【答案】4. teach 【解析】let sb./sth. do sth. 中用动词原形作宾语补足语。 【答案】5. but/yet 【解析】“听起来简单”与“却一直留在我心里”形成转折，用 but 或 yet。 【答案】6. was preparing 【解析】Last October 是过去的时间点，音乐会前乐团“正在准备”，用过去进行时。 【答案】7. can/could 【解析】表示能力，用 can；因主句 said 为过去时，也可用 could。 【答案】8. was filled 【解析】hall 与 fill 是被动关系，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。 【答案】9. could 【解析】could not have done 表示“本来不可能做成”，与 without 引出的含蓄条件呼应。 【答案】10. had chosen 【解析】与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用 had done，故填 had chosen。 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 情态动词&虚拟语气 内容导航 命题精研与考情透视 1 一、考试要求 1 二、命题分析 1 知识网络梳理 2 知识点1、情态动词的基本用法 2 知识点2、情态动词表推测 4 知识点3、情态动词+have done 4 知识点4、虚拟语气 4 核心考点精讲 4 考点一、情态动词的基本用法 4 考点二、情态动词表推测 6 考点三、情态动词+have done 8 考点四、if 虚拟条件句 10 考点五、其他虚拟句型 12 实战演练 14 考试要求 情态动词和虚拟语气是高考语法填空的两大高频点。情态动词的考查集中在三处：推测语气的强弱与否定、“情态动词+have done”所表达的“做过没有、该不该做”、以及 must／need／shall 在具体语境中的含义。虚拟语气则集中在 if 条件句的三套时间形式、省略 if 的倒装、混合与含蓄条件，以及 (should) do 型名词性从句和 wish、It’s high time、would rather 等固定句型。 备考时不能只背形式。情态动词要先判断“说话人是在推测还是在表态”，虚拟语气要先判断“假设的时间落在现在、过去还是将来”，再看主句与从句是否错位。语境读准了，形式自然不会选错。 命题分析 考点 考查内容 命题趋势 情态动词的基本用法 能力、许可、义务与建议 预计 2027 年在语法填空中以“无提示词”形式考查 情态动词表推测 must／may／might／can’t 的推测链 预计 2027 年在语法填空和完形填空中考查 情态动词+have done have done 的责备与推测口气 预计 2027 年在语法填空和读后续写中考查 虚拟语气 if 三时态、倒装与固定句型 预计 2027 年在语法填空和书面表达中考查 知识点1、常考的情态动词 分类 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 推测 must 一定、肯定 只用于肯定句 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. can/could 可能、也许 用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t表不可能 It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America. may/might 可能、也许 用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not表可能不 Your mother may /might not know the truth. 能力 can/could 能够 can只有现在和过去时 Mary can speak three languages. be able to 能够 当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用could而用was/were able to。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 许可 can/could 可以 ①问句中用could/might更显客气和委婉。 ②肯定回答一般用can,显得语气肯定干脆。 --Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) may/might May I come in? 必要 must 必须 表主观要求，注意must提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答和否定回答的不同，见例句。 --Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. have to 不得不 表客观需求 It is raining heavily, so we have to stay at home. ought to 应该 与should用法同 Young people ought to show respect for the old. should 应该 Shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 其他 need 需要 1）用作实义动词后接to do 2）用作情态动词后接  do，只用于否定句和问句 You don’t need to do it yourself. dare 敢 She dare not go out alone at night. 情态动词+完成时态 情态动词 含义 例句 must have done 肯定做过/发生过 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I  saw him in the library just  now. may/might have done 可能已经..... You might have read about it in the papers could have done 本来可以.....，本来能够 I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam. Should have done 本应该做..... You should have finished the task yesterday. ought to have done 本应该做..... needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事但又做了 I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.  句型 can not/never.....too 无论怎么.....也不过分越.....越好 While crossing the street, you can never be too careful. 知识点2、虚拟语气 （一）If条件句虚拟语气 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 倒装虚拟：如果if从句中含有were, had, should，可以省略if，并将这三个词提至句首，构成倒装。 混合虚拟：主句和从句的动作发生时间不一致。 含蓄虚拟：不用if从句，而用介词短语、副词或上下文来表示虚拟条件。 （二）名词性从句虚拟语气 核心结构：(should) + 动词原形 （should 可省略） 标志词 动词：suggest, insist, order, command, advise, propose, recommend, demand, require, request, desire 名词：suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, demand, requirement (后的表语从句或同位语从句) 形容词：important, necessary, natural, imperative, essential, strange, vital (在 It is + adj. + that... 主语从句中) （三）特殊句型虚拟语气 1. Wish 与 If Only 的用法完全一致 2. It is (high/about) time that... 3. would rather (that)... · 考点一 情态动词的基本用法 精讲巧练 规则1：能力——can／could／be able to 规则2：许可、请求与义务 规则3：shall／will／need／dare 的语境义 规则1：能力——can／could／be able to can 表示“本来就会”，could 是过去的能力；was／were able to 强调“某一次真的做到了”，相当于 managed to。can 只有现在和过去两种形式，将来时或其他时态要借助 be able to。 例句 She can read music, but she can’t play the piano.（她会识谱，但不会弹钢琴。） He could swim at five, and he was able to cross the river that day.（他五岁就会游泳，那天他真的游过了那条河。） 变式题1： — you swim when you were six? — Yes, but I only swim a few metres then. Can; could Could; could Could; was able to Can; was able to 变式题2： Though he not speak English well, he make himself understood at yesterday’s meeting. could; was able to can; could could; could was able to; could 变式题3： The baby walk yet, but he stand up by himself. can’t; can couldn’t; could can’t; could couldn’t; can 规则2：许可、请求与义务 请求许可用 can／could／may／might，could／might 更客气；给出许可用 can／may，不用 could／might。must 是说话人的主观要求，have to 是客观规定；must 的否定回答用 needn’t／don’t have to，mustn’t 表示“禁止”，不能用来回答 Must I...? 例句 Could I use your phone for a minute? — Yes, you can.（我能用一下你的电话吗？——可以。） You mustn’t smoke here, but you don’t have to wait outside.（这里禁止吸烟，但你没必要在外面等。） 变式题4： — Must I finish the report tonight? — No, you . You can hand it in on Friday. mustn’t needn’t can’t shouldn’t 变式题5： — I take this seat? — I’m afraid you . It has been reserved. A.May; needn’t B.Must; mustn’t C.Can; can’t D.Should; shouldn’t 变式题6： Visitors feed the animals in the zoo; it is against the rules. A.needn’t B.don’t have to C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 规则3：shall／will／need／dare 的语境义 shall 用于第二、三人称，表示规定、命令或允诺；用于第一人称，表示征求意见。will／would 表示意愿或委婉请求。need／dare 既可作情态动词（多用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形），也可作实义动词（后接 to do）。 例句 Students shall not leave the campus before five.（学生五点之前不得离开校园。） Need I say more? — No, you needn’t.（还需要我多说吗？——不必了。） 变式题7： According to the library rules, no one take the magazines out of the reading room. A.need B.shall C.dare D.would 变式题8： you please pass me the dictionary on the shelf? A.Shall B.Must C.Would D.Need 变式题9： She not go out alone at night when she was a child. A.need B.dare C.must D.should · 考点二 情态动词表推测 精讲巧练 规则1：肯定推测的三档语气 规则2：否定推测与疑问推测 规则3：推测的时间落点 规则1：肯定推测的三档语气 must 的把握最大，依据最充分；should／ought to 表示“按理应当”，常带一点意外；may 表示客观上有可能；might／could 的把握最小，语气最弱。四个词都只用于肯定句。 例句 The light is on and the door is open; he must be at home.（灯亮着，门也开着，他一定在家。） It’s already ten o’clock; she may be on her way to the airport.（已经十点了，她可能在去机场的路上。） 变式题10： — Whose umbrella is this? — It be Mary’s. She left hers here this morning. A. must B. can C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 变式题11： The traffic is heavy. We be late for the opening ceremony. A. must B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 变式题12： This sweater be Tom’s. It’s much too small for him. A. must B.might C.can’t D.should 规则2：否定推测与疑问推测 can’t／couldn’t 表示“不可能”，是对 must 的否定；may not／might not 语气弱，只表示“可能不”。疑问句里问“有没有可能”，用 Can／Could it be...?，不用 Must it be...? 例句 He can’t be in the office—his car is still parked outside.（他不可能在办公室——他的车还停在外面。） Can it be true that the match has been put off?（比赛延期的消息可能是真的吗？） 变式题13： She be the new manager—I saw her working at the front desk this morning. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 变式题14： — the news be true? — I’m afraid not. Nobody has confirmed it. A.Must B.Can C.Need D.Shall 变式题15： He not have received my message; otherwise he would have replied. A.must B.may C.can D.should 规则3：推测的时间落点 对现在或将来的状态推测，用“情态动词+do／be”；对正在进行的情况推测，用“情态动词+be doing”；对过去推测，用“情态动词+have done”。判断顺序是：先定时间，再定语气。 例句 They must be waiting at the gate now.（他们现在一定在门口等着。） She must have forgotten the appointment.（她一定是把约会忘了。） 变式题16： Listen! Someone the piano in the next room. A.must play B.must be playing C.must have played D.can play 变式题17： The ground is wet. It last night. A.must rain B.must be raining C.must have rained D.can have rained 变式题18： By the time we arrive, they for us at the entrance. A.must wait B.must be waiting C.must have waited D.must have been waiting · 考点三 情态动词+have done 精讲巧练 规则1：对过去的推测 规则2：责备、遗憾与庆幸 规则3：虚拟口气与含蓄条件 规则1：对过去的推测 must have done 表示“一定做过”；can’t／couldn’t have done 表示“不可能做过”；may／might have done 表示“可能做过”。判断依据是句子里有没有过去的痕迹：last night、yesterday、by then，或上下文已经说明事情发生在过去。 例句 The roads are empty; they must have started very early.（路上没人，他们一定很早就出发了。） She couldn’t have finished the report so soon—she only got the data this morning.（她不可能这么快就写完报告——她今天早上才拿到数据。） 变式题19： — Why is the classroom so clean? — The students it before the bell rang. A.must clean B.must have cleaned C.should clean D.can have cleaned 变式题20： He the film—he was at the library all evening. A.must have seen B.can’t have seen C.may have seen D.should have seen 变式题21： I’m not sure, but she the news from her sister. A.must have heard B.might have heard C.shouldn’t have heard D.needn’t have heard 规则2：责备、遗憾与庆幸 should／ought to have done 表示“本该做却没做”；shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做却做了”；needn’t have done 表示“本不必做却做了”。三者都指向过去，句子里常出现 now、yesterday 等对照信息。 例句 You should have told me earlier; now we have missed the deadline.（你本该早点告诉我，现在我们已经错过了截止时间。） You needn’t have bought so much food—we already had plenty.（你本不必买这么多吃的——我们本来就有很多。） 变式题22： I him the truth, but I was afraid of hurting him. A.should tell B.should have told C.must tell D.needn’t tell 变式题23： You so much money on the ticket; the concert is free for students. A.needn’t spend B.needn’t have spent C.shouldn’t spend D.mustn’t have spent 变式题24： She the invitation, but she did, and now she is upset. A.shouldn’t accept B.shouldn’t have accepted C.needn’t accept D.mustn’t accept 规则3：虚拟口气与含蓄条件 could have done 表示“本来能做成”；would have done 表示“本来会做”；两者常与 but for、without、otherwise、or 等含蓄条件连用，构成与过去事实相反的假设。 例句 I could have finished the work on time, but the computer broke down.（我本来能按时完成，但电脑坏了。） But for your help, we would have lost the match.（要不是你帮忙，我们本来会输掉比赛。） 变式题25： Without the map, we in the forest that night. A.would get lost B.would have got lost C.must have got lost D.should get lost 变式题26： I was busy with the exam; otherwise I your party. A.would attend B.would have attended C.must have attended D.should attend 变式题27： He the record, but he hurt his ankle before the final. A.could break B.could have broken C.must have broken D.should break · 考点四 if 虚拟条件句 精讲巧练 规则1：三套时间形式 规则2：省略 if 的倒装 规则3：混合虚拟与含蓄条件 规则1：三套时间形式 与现在事实相反：从句用过去式（be 一律用 were），主句用 would／could／might／should + do。与过去事实相反：从句用 had done，主句用 would／could／might／should + have done。与将来事实相反：从句用 should do、were to do 或过去式，主句用 would／could／might／should + do。 例句 If I were you, I would apply for the exchange programme.（如果我是你，我会申请这个交流项目。） If they had set out earlier, they would have caught the last train.（如果他们早点出发，本来能赶上末班火车。） 变式题28： If it tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. A.rains B.rained C.has rained D.would rain 变式题29： If she the doctor’s advice, she would be walking now. A.follows B.followed C.had followed D.should follow 变式题30： If I the chance, I would have chosen a different major. A.had had B.have had C.had D.would have 规则2：省略 if 的倒装 if 从句中含有 were、had、should 时，可以省略 if，把这三个词提到主语之前，构成部分倒装：Were I...、Had he...、Should it...。这种结构多用于书面语，语气更正式。 例句 Had you arrived five minutes earlier, you would have met him.（你要是早到五分钟，本来能见到他。） Were I in your position, I would ask for more time.（如果我处在你的位置，我会要求更多时间。） 变式题31： it not for the witness, the case would never have been solved. A.If B.Were C.Had D.Should 变式题32： anything go wrong, please call me at once. A.Should B.Would C.Must D.Need 变式题33： I younger, I would take up skiing. A.If B.Were C.Had D.Am 规则3：混合虚拟与含蓄条件 从句与主句的时间不一致时，各按各的时间用形式，这叫混合虚拟。没有 if 从句、而由 without、but for、otherwise、or 或上下文暗示条件时，叫含蓄虚拟，主句形式仍按假设的时间确定。 例句 If he had taken the job, he would be working in Shanghai now.（如果他当初接了那份工作，现在就在上海工作了。） But for the timely rain, the crops would have died.（要不是那场及时雨，庄稼本来会枯死。） 变式题34： If you had warned me earlier, I at home now. A.would stay B.would have stayed C.will stay D.stayed 变式题35： for the money he borrowed, he could not have opened the shop. A.But B.If C.Without D.Except 变式题36： The alarm rang in time; otherwise the warehouse down. A.would burn B.would have burnt C.must have burnt D.should burn · 考点五 其他虚拟句型 精讲巧练 规则1：wish 与 if only 规则2：(should) do 型名词性从句 规则3：It’s time／would rather／as if 规则1：wish 与 if only wish 和 if only 都表示难以实现的愿望。对现在或将来失望：从句用过去式（be 用 were）；对过去遗憾：从句用 had done 或 could have done。if only 的语气比 wish 更强烈。 例句 I wish I could speak French as fluently as she does.（真希望我能像她那样流利地说法语。） If only I had taken that chance years ago.（要是我多年前抓住那个机会就好了。） 变式题37： I wish I taller—then I could join the basketball team. A.am B.were C.had been D.would be 变式题38： If only she the message yesterday! A.reads B.read C.had read D.would read 变式题39： He wishes he so rude to his mother last night. A.wasn’t B.hadn’t been C.isn’t D.wouldn’t be 规则2：(should) do 型名词性从句 表示建议、命令、要求的动词（suggest、advise、recommend、order、demand、require、insist 等）后面的宾语从句，以及对应的名词（suggestion、advice、order、demand、requirement 等）后面的表语从句、同位语从句，还有 It is important／necessary／essential／strange that... 的主语从句，谓语都用 (should) + 动词原形，should 可省略。 例句 The doctor recommended that he (should) give up smoking.（医生建议他戒烟。） It is necessary that every student (should) wear a name tag.（每个学生都应当佩戴姓名牌。） 变式题40： The manager insisted that the meeting on Friday. A.is held B.was held C.be held D.will be held 变式题41： It is important that everyone the safety rules. A.follows B.followed C.follow D.has followed 变式题42： His advice that we more exercise was ignored. A.took B.take C.have taken D.would take 规则3：It’s time／would rather／as if It is (high／about) time that... 表示“早该做某事了”，从句用过去式，或 should + 动词原形（should 不省略）。would rather 后的宾语从句，与现在或将来相反用过去式，与过去相反用 had done。as if／as though 从句表示不真实的情况时，与现在相反用过去式，与过去相反用 had done。 例句 It’s high time that we started to protect the wetland.（我们早该开始保护这片湿地了。） He talks as if he had witnessed the whole accident.（他讲起来好像亲眼目睹了整起事故。） 变式题43： It’s about time that the government stricter measures. A.takes B.took C.will take D.has taken 变式题44： I would rather you me the truth yesterday. A.tell B.told C.had told D.would tell 变式题45： She treats the dog as if it a member of the family. A.is B.were C.had been D.would be 一、单句语法填空 1．— I borrow your dictionary for a while? — Sure, here you are. 2．You not tell him about it; it was supposed to be a surprise. 3．He swim across the river when he was only eight. 4．— Need I hand in the form today? — No, you . Tomorrow is fine. 5．Students remain in the classroom until the bell rings. 6．She not go out at night when she lived alone. 7．— Look! The light in his office is still on. — He be working late again. 8．This be the right way—there is no road sign at all. 9．It’s already midnight. They be sleeping now. 10．She have missed the train; she left home two hours ago. 11．The ground is covered with snow. It have snowed heavily last night. 12．I’m not certain, but he have gone to the library. 13．You have told her the news—she was so happy to hear it. 14．You have waited for me—I had my own key. 15．He have won the race, but he fell at the last bend. 16． it not for your support, I would have given up long ago. 17．If I you, I would apologize to her right now. 18．If they had left earlier, they not have been caught in the storm. 19．If it rain tomorrow, the picnic would be cancelled. 20．If she had studied harder, she be a doctor now. 21． I in your shoes, I would refuse the offer. 22． he arrived earlier, he would have seen the opening. 23．I wish I know the answer to that question. 24．If only we taken the other road! 25．It’s high time that we something about air pollution. 26．I would rather you not mention it to anyone. 27．He speaks English as if he born in London. 28．The doctor suggested that she a good rest. 29．It is necessary that every member the meeting on time. 30．Her proposal that the park rebuilt was accepted. 31．But for your timely warning, we have made a wrong decision. 32．Without water, no living thing survive. 33．I was ill that day; otherwise I have joined the trip. 34． anything happen to the machine, press the red button at once. 35．It is strange that he refuse such a good offer. 36．The teacher demanded that the homework handed in before Friday. 37．If he the truth, he would not be so calm now. 38．You have asked me before you used my computer. 39．The boy have finished his homework; he is still watching TV. 40．She be over fifty, but she looks much younger. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last spring, the town council announced that the old market by the river 1. (close) at the end of the year. The shopkeepers were shocked, 2. they refused to move without a proper plan. Within a week they 3. (collect) more than 3,000 signatures, and a public meeting 4. (hold) in the town hall, where residents were allowed to speak. “If the council 5. (not act) quickly, this market would have disappeared for ever,” said Mrs. Chen, who has sold vegetables there for thirty years. Her words were 6. (power) enough to change the decision. The council agreed 7. (turn) the old site into a covered market, and money 8. (give) by the local government for the repair work. The new market, 9. the same families will keep their stalls, is due to open next June. Shoppers are told that they 10. (must) bring their own bags, because plastic ones will no longer be provided. For the shopkeepers, the past year has been a lesson in patience. They waited, argued and voted, and in the end the market they grew up with is still standing. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I first joined the school orchestra, I 1. (tell) that I would never be good enough to play in public. For months I practised alone in the music room after class, 2. (hope) that one day my fingers would move as freely as those of the older players. My teacher, Mr. Wu, never pushed me. “You 3. not compare yourself with others,” he said. “Just listen, and let the music 4. (teach) you.” His words sounded simple, 5. they stayed with me. Last October, when the orchestra 6. (prepare) for the autumn concert, one of the violinists fell ill. Mr. Wu handed me the music and said, “You 7. (can) do it if you keep calm.” I was terrified, but I played that evening, and the hall 8. (fill) with warm applause. Looking back, I realize that I 9. (not) have succeeded without his trust. If he 10. (choose) someone else that day, I would still be practising alone in that empty room. 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $