第2部分 第2节 定语从句 （Word教师用书）-【金版新学案】2027年高考英语高三总复习大一轮复习讲义（译林版）

第2节　　定语从句

【真题试做】——感知高考中的语法

                                                                       

1．(2025·全国一卷)The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.

2．(2025·全国一卷)“Catherine always has a huge smile on her face, which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said.

3．(2025·全国一卷)We invest a lot in roads that/which help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.

4．(2025·全国二卷)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.

5．(2025·全国二卷)It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that/which would otherwise be thrown away.

6．(2025·全国一卷)I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn't come with us.

7．(2025·全国一卷)Clearly, he was unhappy over the way in which we had parted.

8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.

9．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.

10．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.

11．(2021·天津卷)This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.

12．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.

 

定语从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词；特殊情况下，也可修饰部分内容或整个句子。

关系代词引导的定语从句

(1)关系代词的基本用法

① Some people who/that are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些成功的语言学习者，在其他领域常常会失败。

② He is the man (whom/who/that) you are looking for.他就是你正在找的那个人。

③ The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。

④ Such people as have made a contribution to the world should be respected.那些对世界做出贡献的人值得尊重。

【点拨】　whose需要在从句中作定语，所以一般来说， whose后面须跟名词，且该名词前没有冠词或者物主代词限定。

(2)关系代词that和which的用法区别

① We should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。

② This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.这是目前世界上能找到的最小的计算机。

③ I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.

我买了很多书，花光了我积攒的所有钱。

关系副词引导的定语从句

(1)关系副词的基本用法

① Whenever I recall the moment when (at which) I stepped into this school, this class will come into my mind, bringing sweet memories.每当我回忆起走进这所学校的那一刻，这个班级就会浮现在我的脑海中，带来甜蜜的回忆。

② Students should involve themselves in community activities where (in which) they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长经验。

③ The reason why (for which) he didn't pass the driving test was that he lacked practise.他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他缺乏练习。

【点拨】　

(1)当先行词为抽象名词point, position, situation, stage, state, case, scene 等时，其后常用where引导定语从句。

He said if we really got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.

他说如果我们真到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓得不行了。

(2)先行词occasion意为“时机；……的时候”时，引导词用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。

① I can remember very few occasions when he had to cancel a meeting because of ill health.我记得他很少有因为身体状况不佳而不得不取消会议的情况。

② Please describe an occasion where you met with real difficulties.请描述一个你遇到真正困难的场合。

(2)关系副词与关系代词的选择

①若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则从句需用关系代词引导。

②若定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，则从句需用关系副词引导(关系副词不能作主语或宾语，只能作状语)。

·The factory where he once worked is closed now.他曾经工作过的工厂现在倒闭了。

·The factory that/which he set up last year is operating well.他去年建立的工厂运转良好。

小题微练1

1．The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way.

2．Many young people, most of whom were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.