Unit 6 Section B 1a-3c （导学案）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section B（1a-3c）导学案 1. 能识别、朗读太空探索主题相关重点词汇；能够理解介绍太空探索的常用句型；读懂一般将来时的被动语态，掌握一般将来时被动语态的基本构成规则，学会预测、提取信息的阅读策略。（学习理解） 2. 能在阅读练习中获取太空探索文本信息，完成段落匹配、语篇填空任务；能模仿文本例句，运用一般将来时的被动语态造句，正确使用被动语态结构介绍太空探索相关设想。（应用实践） 3. 能结合提示进行简短口头汇报，分享对太空探索的畅想，包含至少 4 个要素（Plan, Time, Ways, Value）；能够结合生活实例，运用目标语法表达想法，提升综合语言运用能力。（迁移创新） 重点：1. 掌握本课的重点词汇；熟练掌握一般将来时的被动语态句型，牢记被动语态的基本构成。 2. 掌握重点词汇词形拓展；掌握一般将来时被动语态的句式变换规则，理解主动语态与被动语态之间的转换方法。 难点： 1. 有条理地运用一般将来时被动语态描述太空探索事件，把探索背景、设想和自己的观点结合表达。 2. 在真实语境正确区分、灵活运用主动语态与被动语态，准确运用被动语态描述将来发生的动作。 一、翻译 1．以防万一 _______________________ 2．在船 (或火车、飞机) 上 _______________________ 3．与……合作 _______________________ 4．踏足；访问 (某地) _______________________ 5．数以十亿计的 _______________________ 6．人造物体 _______________________ 7．月球背面 _______________________ 8．对……感到好奇 _______________________ 9．太空梦想 ________ 10．相当多 ________ 11．进行太空研究 ________ 12．发展新科技 ________ 13．能源 ________ 14．在太空 ________ 15．探索宇宙 ________ 16．太空站；宇宙空间站 ________ 17．在某人的一生中 ________ 18．在太阳系中‌ _______ 二、选词填空 从方框中选择6个单词，将其适当形式填入短文空白处（每词仅用一次）。 mystery　　billion　　cooperate　　imagine　　expect　　board Our city’s science museum has a new hall called “To the Stars”. In ancient tales, gods lived in the sky, and the night sky was one great 19 — no one knew what the stars really were. Today, space telescopes can see 20 of stars far away, and scientists from many countries are 21 with one another to build better spacecraft. Space films give children rich 22 — many of them dream of flying to the stars one day. In the new hall, visitors can even 23 a model of a space station and see how astronauts live and work in space. What will humans find next? Nobody can 24 , but one thing is sure: the stars are no longer beyond our reach. 知识点1：In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record on board carries sounds and pictures from Earth. 万一旅行者 1 号被外星生命发现，在探测器上存有一张记录地球声音和图像的特殊唱片。(P56) 【用法讲解】 1.in case 引导条件 / 目的状语从句，意为：________________。 2.on board 含义：________________（在飞船、飞机、轮船上），区分 aboard /abroad/board。 3.本句包含________语态（一般现在时被动），结构：am/is/are + done。 例句 1：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 例句 2：All the crew on board are well‑trained. 知识点2：The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres. 人类在太空中到达过的最远距离仅有大约 40 万公里。(P56) 【用法讲解】 1. that 引导________从句，修饰先行词________；先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。 2. far adj.远的 例句 1：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 例句 2：This is the best film that I have seen this year. 知识点3：He raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? P56 这就引出一个问题：有朝一日我们能够造访恒星吗。 【用法讲解】 1. raise 是________(及物/不及物)动词，后面必须接宾语；rise是不及物动词，不能接宾语。 2. one day 可表示将来“有朝一日”，也可以表示________“某一天”。 例句1：He raised his hand to ask a question. 例句2：The sun rises in the east. 知识点4：This spacecraft was launched in 1977. P56 这个航天器于1977年被发射升空。 【用法讲解】 1. 本句为一般过去时________语态，结构：was/were + 动词________。 2. launch v. 发射；发起。 例句1：This school was built in 2010. 例句2：The new rocket was launched last month. 知识点5 Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. P56 从人类历史之初，人们就仰望星空，想知道星星是什么样子。 【用法讲解】 1.  since +时间点 ，常和________时态连用，表示动作从过去持续到现在。 2. wonder 后面接________从句  what they were like 。 例句1：Since 2020, we have learnt lots of English songs. 例句2：I wonder where he comes from. 知识点6 By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth. P56 到2025年，旅行者1号距离地球已经超过250亿公里。 【用法讲解】 1.  by +过去时间  意为“到……为止”，主句通常用________时态。 2. billion用法：前面有具体数字时，billion________(加/不加)s；短语________表示数十亿。 例句1：By last summer, he had finished reading this novel. 例句2：Billions of stars exist in the universe. 知识点7 At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. P56 目前，即便是去往火星的旅程，也要花费大约6‑9个月。 【用法讲解】 1. 句型  sth. takes + 时间段  表示某物耗费多长时间；同义句型________________________。 2. at present = ________，意为“目前，现在”。 例句1：The flight takes two hours. 例句2：It takes me one hour to finish homework every day. 知识点8 What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? P56 在这段时期宇航员将会吃什么、喝什么？ 【用法讲解】 1.  during +时间段  侧重事件发生的________； for +时间段 侧重________________。 2. 一般将来时特殊疑问句结构：________ + will +主语 +动词原形。 例句1：I read many books during the holiday. 例句2：I have lived here for five years. 知识点9 It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! P57 抵达那里可能要耗费数十万年！ 【用法讲解】 1. 句型  It takes … to do… ，it是________主语，真正主语是后面的不定式to get there。 2. might情态动词，表推测“或许，可能”，语气比may________(强/弱)。 例句1：It takes half an hour to walk to the park. 例句2：It might snow this evening. 知识点10 One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. P57 一个设想是让宇航员在旅途当中休眠，就像有些动物冬眠那样。 【用法讲解】 1.  have sb. do sth.  使役动词，意思是________________，后面接________作宾语补足语。 2. 不定式  to have…  在本句中作________语。 例句1：Mother had me clean my bedroom. 例句2：The boss had him finish the work at once. 知识点11 While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. P57 尽管目前这还无法实现，但随着各国与科学家相互合作，有望研发出必需的技术。 【用法讲解】 1.  while  此处连词，意为________，引导________状语从句，并非“当……时”。 2.  with +名词 + doing  是with________结构，在句中作伴随状语。 例句1：While he is young, he knows a great deal. 例句2：With birds singing, the morning feels wonderful. 知识点12 It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. P58 似乎有朝一日我们终将抵达那些恒星。 【用法讲解】 1. 固定句型  It seems likely that… ，it作形式主语，真正主语是________从句。 2. likely词性：________，含义：可能的。 例句1：It seems likely that he will join our club. 例句2：It seems likely that she will win the game. 一、单项选择 1．Scientists are trying to ________ new ways to solve the energy problem on Earth. A．look up B．come up with C．catch up with D．put up with 2．The spaceship ________ from the earth and began its long journey to Mars. A．set off B．set up C．set about D．set down 3．— How long does it take to get to the moon by spaceship? — It ________ about three days. A．spends B．costs C．takes D．pays 4．The astronauts had to get used to ________ in space because there is no gravity there. A．live B．living C．lived D．lives 5．The mother asked the child to put on his pajamas, but the child refused to ________. A．dress B．afford C．cooperate D．suppose 6．I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some just _________. A．in addition B．with ease C．as usual D．in case 7．Black holes are among the most _________ objects in the cosmos. A．special B．fantastic C．strange D．mysterious 8．The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．travels B．traveled C．traveling D．to travel 9．There ________ a number of books on the shelf. The number of them _________ 20. A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are D．is; are 10．We should do something to protect the earth ________ we live on. A．who B．whom C．which D．where 11．—I think life on Mars will be very hard. —________. We need to work together to make it better. A．I agree B．I don’t think so C．I’m afraid not D．I hope not 12．The astronauts ________ to the space station last month and will come back next year. A．send B．sent C．were sent D．are sent 13．________ the help of the new technology, we can explore the deep sea more easily. A．Under B．With C．For D．By 14．—Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. You can search for it on the Internet. A．how can I get some information about Mars B．how I can get some information about Mars C．why can I get some information about Mars D．why I can get some information about Mars 15．We are looking forward to ________ the spaceship with our own eyes. A．see B．seeing C．saw 二、单词拼写 16．Most scientists believe that more new satellites ________ (launch) to space in the future. 17．The high-tech machine requires ________ (operate) very well. 18．It is beyond our ________ (imagine) that one day we can live on Mars. 19．They have to finish the task by ________ (cooperate) with one another in time. 20．The students are very ________ (excite) about the coming space exhibition. 21．With the help of ________ (science), more mysteries of the universe will be solved. 22．Astronauts need to receive a lot of ________ (train) before going into space. 23．________ (compare) with the earth, Mars is much colder and drier. 24．This space film is so ________ (wonder) that many teenagers want to watch it again. 25．All the space food is specially ________ (design) for astronauts. 三、完形填空 Scientists have found a large underground cave (洞穴) on the moon. It is open from the surface, a good place to build a future base. The cave is near a hole in the Mare Tranquillitatis. This is where the Apollo 11 astronauts first 26 the moon. The cave goes deep into the moon. The cave is about 45 metres wide, 80 metres long, and 150 metres under the 27 . Such caves can 28 astronauts from the hard environment on the moon. Many holes may lead to underground caves. The temperature does not change much. Space rays (射线) can hurt human bodies. Astronauts can be naturally protected from 29 space rays. The caves might even have water ice. The main 30 is that the caves give the main parts of a base without difficult building work. Space teams are now studying how to 31 the safety of the caves and build up their walls. The ground on the moon might shake or move. Future bases may need checking systems to warn of ground 32 . They may also need separate areas for astronauts to stay in if a part of the cave falls down. A professor said that the moon’s caves are great places for future bases, but we 33 know little about them. Another researcher said one of the 34 challenges is getting in and out. It will 35 much work to build support systems. Scientists must work together to solve these problems before humans can live in the caves. 26．A．paid attention to B．took advantage of C．set foot on D．did harm to 27．A．ground B．bottom C．top D．surface 28．A．keep B．protect C．save D．stop 29．A．friendly B．complete C．harmful D．rapid 30．A．mission B．reason C．position D．advantage 31．A．cancel B．check C．publish D．afford 32．A．movement B．activity C．noise D．geology 33．A．still B．already C．even D．also 34．A．easiest B．busiest C．widest D．biggest 35．A．produce B．spread C．admire D．require 四、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 More than fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started a new chapter in space exploration. To mark 36 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on 24 April 2020. The mission Tianwen, got its name from a long poem Tianwen 37 (write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions concerning the sky, stars, natural phenomena (现象), myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas 38 his pursuit (追求) of truth. So far, China 39 (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the 40 (five) country in the world to launch man-made satellites independently, after the former Soviet Union, America, France and Japan. Over the past few years, China’s missions, 41 (include) the Shenzhou and Chang’e series, which were designed 42 (explore) outer space, have expanded mankind’s understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry 43 the first Mars exploration mission, which represents a milestone for China’s move towards deep space. With the name deeply rooted in Chinese 44 (tradition) culture, Tianwen demonstrates (显示) the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into 45 (depth) space. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section B（1a-3c）导学案 1. 能识别、朗读太空探索主题相关重点词汇；能够理解介绍太空探索的常用句型；读懂一般将来时的被动语态，掌握一般将来时被动语态的基本构成规则，学会预测、提取信息的阅读策略。（学习理解） 2. 能在阅读练习中获取太空探索文本信息，完成段落匹配、语篇填空任务；能模仿文本例句，运用一般将来时的被动语态造句，正确使用被动语态结构介绍太空探索相关设想。（应用实践） 3. 能结合提示进行简短口头汇报，分享对太空探索的畅想，包含至少 4 个要素（Plan, Time, Ways, Value）；能够结合生活实例，运用目标语法表达想法，提升综合语言运用能力。（迁移创新） 重点：1. 掌握本课的重点词汇；熟练掌握一般将来时的被动语态句型，牢记被动语态的基本构成。 2. 掌握重点词汇词形拓展；掌握一般将来时被动语态的句式变换规则，理解主动语态与被动语态之间的转换方法。 难点： 1. 有条理地运用一般将来时被动语态描述太空探索事件，把探索背景、设想和自己的观点结合表达。 2. 在真实语境正确区分、灵活运用主动语态与被动语态，准确运用被动语态描述将来发生的动作。 一、翻译 1．以防万一 _______________________ 2．在船 (或火车、飞机) 上 _______________________ 3．与……合作 _______________________ 4．踏足；访问 (某地) _______________________ 5．数以十亿计的 _______________________ 6．人造物体 _______________________ 7．月球背面 _______________________ 8．对……感到好奇 _______________________ 9．太空梦想 ________ 10．相当多 ________ 11．进行太空研究 ________ 12．发展新科技 ________ 13．能源 ________ 14．在太空 ________ 15．探索宇宙 ________ 16．太空站；宇宙空间站 ________ 17．在某人的一生中 ________ 18．在太阳系中‌ _______ 【答案】1．in case 2．on board 3．cooperate with 4．set foot on 5．billions of 6．man-made object 7．the far side of the moon 8．be curious about 9．space dream 10．quite a few 11．do space research 12．develop new technologies 13．energy resources 14．in space 15．explore the universe 16．space station 17．during one’s lifetime 18．in the solar system 二、选词填空 从方框中选择6个单词，将其适当形式填入短文空白处（每词仅用一次）。 mystery　　billion　　cooperate　　imagine　　expect　　board Our city’s science museum has a new hall called “To the Stars”. In ancient tales, gods lived in the sky, and the night sky was one great 19 — no one knew what the stars really were. Today, space telescopes can see 20 of stars far away, and scientists from many countries are 21 with one another to build better spacecraft. Space films give children rich 22 — many of them dream of flying to the stars one day. In the new hall, visitors can even 23 a model of a space station and see how astronauts live and work in space. What will humans find next? Nobody can 24 , but one thing is sure: the stars are no longer beyond our reach. 【答案】19．mystery 20．billions 21．cooperating 22．imagination 23．board 24．expect 【导语】本文主要介绍了市科学博物馆的新展厅“To the Stars”，并通过古今对比讲述了人类太空探索的发展及未来展望。 【详解】19．句意：在古老传说里，天神居住在天上，夜空曾是一个巨大的谜团 —— 没人知道星星究竟是什么。此处需要一个单数名词，放在形容词great之后；根据后文“no one knew what the stars really were”可知夜空是谜团，mystery表示“谜团”，符合语境，所以填mystery。 20．句意：如今，太空望远镜可以看见遥远的数十亿颗恒星，并且来自许多国家的科学家正互相合作，制造更先进的航天器。此处需要一个名词复数形式；根据“of stars”以及望远镜观测大量星体的语境，固定搭配billions of表示“数十亿的，许许多多的”，符合语境，所以填billions。 21．句意：如今，太空望远镜可以看见遥远的数十亿颗恒星，并且来自许多国家的科学家正互相合作，制造更先进的航天器。此处需要一个动词现在分词，和are构成现在进行时；根据“with one another to build better spacecraft”可知，科学家彼此合作，cooperate with表示“与……合作”，符合语境，所以填cooperating。 22．句意：太空电影给孩子们丰富的想象 —— 他们很多人梦想有一天飞向星空。此处需要一个名词，放在形容词rich之后；根据后文“many of them dream of flying to the stars one day”可知是想象，imagine的名词形式imagination表示“想象力”，为不可数名词，符合语境，所以填imagination。 23．句意：在这个新展厅里，参观者甚至可以登上空间站模型，看看宇航员在太空如何生活和工作。此处需要一个动词原形；设空处前有情态动词can，后接动词原形；根据“a model of a space station”可知登上模型，board作动词表示“登上”，符合语境，所以填board。 24．句意：没人能够预料，但有一件事是确定的：星星不再遥不可及。此处需要一个动词原形，放在情态动词can之后；设空处前有情态动词can，后接动词原形；根据前文问句及后文“但有一件事是肯定的”可知，此处指没人能“预料”，expect符合语境。所以填expect。 知识点1：In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record on board carries sounds and pictures from Earth. 万一旅行者 1 号被外星生命发现，在探测器上存有一张记录地球声音和图像的特殊唱片。(P56) 【用法讲解】 1.in case 引导条件 / 目的状语从句，意为：________________。 2.on board 含义：________________（在飞船、飞机、轮船上），区分 aboard /abroad/board。 3.本句包含________语态（一般现在时被动），结构：am/is/are + done。 例句 1：Take an umbrella in case it rains. 例句 2：All the crew on board are well‑trained. 【答案】以防，万一；在（飞船 / 船 / 飞机）上；被动 知识点2：The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres. 人类在太空中到达过的最远距离仅有大约 40 万公里。(P56) 【用法讲解】 1. that 引导________从句，修饰先行词________；先行词被最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用 that，不能用 which。 2. far adj.远的 例句 1：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 例句 2：This is the best film that I have seen this year. 【答案】定语；The farthest 知识点3：He raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? P56 这就引出一个问题：有朝一日我们能够造访恒星吗。 【用法讲解】 1. raise 是________(及物/不及物)动词，后面必须接宾语；rise是不及物动词，不能接宾语。 2. one day 可表示将来“有朝一日”，也可以表示________“某一天”。 例句1：He raised his hand to ask a question. 例句2：The sun rises in the east. 【答案】及物；过去 知识点4：This spacecraft was launched in 1977. P56 这个航天器于1977年被发射升空。 【用法讲解】 1. 本句为一般过去时________语态，结构：was/were + 动词________。 2. launch v. 发射；发起。 例句1：This school was built in 2010. 例句2：The new rocket was launched last month. 【答案】被动；过去分词 知识点5 Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. P56 从人类历史之初，人们就仰望星空，想知道星星是什么样子。 【用法讲解】 1.  since +时间点 ，常和________时态连用，表示动作从过去持续到现在。 2. wonder 后面接________从句  what they were like 。 例句1：Since 2020, we have learnt lots of English songs. 例句2：I wonder where he comes from. 【答案】现在完成；宾语 知识点6 By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth. P56 到2025年，旅行者1号距离地球已经超过250亿公里。 【用法讲解】 1.  by +过去时间  意为“到……为止”，主句通常用________时态。 2. billion用法：前面有具体数字时，billion________(加/不加)s；短语________表示数十亿。 例句1：By last summer, he had finished reading this novel. 例句2：Billions of stars exist in the universe. 【答案】过去完成；不加；billions of 知识点7 At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. P56 目前，即便是去往火星的旅程，也要花费大约6‑9个月。 【用法讲解】 1. 句型  sth. takes + 时间段  表示某物耗费多长时间；同义句型________________________。 2. at present = ________，意为“目前，现在”。 例句1：The flight takes two hours. 例句2：It takes me one hour to finish homework every day. 【答案】It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.；now 知识点8 What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? P56 在这段时期宇航员将会吃什么、喝什么？ 【用法讲解】 1.  during +时间段  侧重事件发生的________； for +时间段 侧重________________。 2. 一般将来时特殊疑问句结构：________ + will +主语 +动词原形。 例句1：I read many books during the holiday. 例句2：I have lived here for five years. 【答案】过程当中；动作持续的时间长度；疑问词 知识点9 It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! P57 抵达那里可能要耗费数十万年！ 【用法讲解】 1. 句型  It takes … to do… ，it是________主语，真正主语是后面的不定式to get there。 2. might情态动词，表推测“或许，可能”，语气比may________(强/弱)。 例句1：It takes half an hour to walk to the park. 例句2：It might snow this evening. 【答案】形式；弱 知识点10 One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. P57 一个设想是让宇航员在旅途当中休眠，就像有些动物冬眠那样。 【用法讲解】 1.  have sb. do sth.  使役动词，意思是________________，后面接________作宾语补足语。 2. 不定式  to have…  在本句中作________语。 例句1：Mother had me clean my bedroom. 例句2：The boss had him finish the work at once. 【答案】让 / 使某人做某事；动词原形；表 知识点11 While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. P57 尽管目前这还无法实现，但随着各国与科学家相互合作，有望研发出必需的技术。 【用法讲解】 1.  while  此处连词，意为________，引导________状语从句，并非“当……时”。 2.  with +名词 + doing  是with________结构，在句中作伴随状语。 例句1：While he is young, he knows a great deal. 例句2：With birds singing, the morning feels wonderful. 【答案】虽然，尽管；让步；复合 知识点12 It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. P58 似乎有朝一日我们终将抵达那些恒星。 【用法讲解】 1. 固定句型  It seems likely that… ，it作形式主语，真正主语是________从句。 2. likely词性：________，含义：可能的。 例句1：It seems likely that he will join our club. 例句2：It seems likely that she will win the game. 【答案】that引导的主语；形容词 一、单项选择 1．Scientists are trying to ________ new ways to solve the energy problem on Earth. A．look up B．come up with C．catch up with D．put up with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们正试图想出解决地球能源问题的新方法。 look up查阅；come up with想出；catch up with赶上；put up with忍受。根据“new ways to solve the energy problem”可知，此处需要表示“想出、提出”新方法的短语，应填come up with。 2．The spaceship ________ from the earth and began its long journey to Mars. A．set off B．set up C．set about D．set down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：宇宙飞船从地球出发，开启前往火星的漫长旅程。 set off出发，启程；set up建立；set about开始，着手；set down记下。根据“began its long journey to Mars”的语境可知，此处表示宇宙飞船启程，从地球出发，set off符合语境。 3．— How long does it take to get to the moon by spaceship? — It ________ about three days. A．spends B．costs C．takes D．pays 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——乘坐宇宙飞船到达月球需要多长时间？——大约需要三天。 spend花费（主语为人）；cost花费（主语为物）；take花费（主语是It）；pay支付（主语为人）。固定句型It takes…to do sth.，表示“做某事花费多长时间”，主语It为第三人称单数，故填takes。 4．The astronauts had to get used to ________ in space because there is no gravity there. A．live B．living C．lived D．lives 【答案】B 【详解】句意：宇航员不得不习惯在太空生活，因为那里没有重力。 根据“get used to”可知，to是介词，后接动名词形式，表示“习惯做某事”，living符合语境。 5．The mother asked the child to put on his pajamas, but the child refused to ________. A．dress B．afford C．cooperate D．suppose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：妈妈让孩子穿上睡衣，但孩子拒绝配合。 dress穿衣；afford负担得起；cooperate合作/配合；suppose猜想。根据“The mother asked the child to put on his pajamas, but the child refused to...”可知，妈妈提出了要求，孩子拒绝了，说明孩子拒绝配合妈妈的要求。应填cooperate。 6．I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some just _________. A．in addition B．with ease C．as usual D．in case 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为我不需要钱，但我会带一些以防万一。 in addition此外；with ease轻松地；as usual像往常一样；in case以防万一。根据前半句“不需要钱”和转折词“but”可知，带钱是为了预防特殊情况发生，in case符合语境。 7．Black holes are among the most _________ objects in the cosmos. A．special B．fantastic C．strange D．mysterious 【答案】D 【详解】句意：黑洞是宇宙中最神秘的天体之一。 special特别的；fantastic极好的；strange奇怪的；mysterious神秘的。根据“Black holes”及科学常识可知，黑洞因其未知性和难以观测的特性，通常被描述为“神秘的”。所以用“mysterious”。 8．The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．travels B．traveled C．traveling D．to travel 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得更快。 “light...faster than sound”为宾语从句，主句的时态是一般过去时，但从句描述客观真理，要用一般现在时；主语light为不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填travels。 9．There ________ a number of books on the shelf. The number of them _________ 20. A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are D．is; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：书架上有许多本书，它们的总数是20本。 a number of 意为“许多”，后接复数名词，且此句的时态是一般现在时，be动词用一般现在时的复数“are”；the number of 意为“……的总数”，作主语时，be动词用一般现在时的单数“is”。 10．We should do something to protect the earth ________ we live on. A．who B．whom C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该做一些事情来保护我们居住在其上的地球。 who谁；whom谁；which哪一个；where哪里。分析句子结构可知，“...we live on”为定语从句，先行词是the earth，指物，排除指人的who和whom。从句中介词on后缺少宾语，where是关系副词，不能作宾语，且若用where则不能保留介词on，which指物并在从句中作on的宾语。故选C。 11．—I think life on Mars will be very hard. —________. We need to work together to make it better. A．I agree B．I don’t think so C．I’m afraid not D．I hope not 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为火星上的生活将会非常艰难。——我同意。我们需要共同努力让它变得更好。 I agree我同意；I don’t think so我不这么认为；I’m afraid not恐怕不行；I hope not希望不是这样。根据答语后半句“We need to work together to make it better.”可知，说话者认可对方关于生活艰难的观点，并提出了改进的建议，因此表示赞同，“I agree”符合语境。 12．The astronauts ________ to the space station last month and will come back next year. A．send B．sent C．were sent D．are sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：宇航员上个月被送往空间站，将于明年返回。 主语The astronauts与动词send之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态：be+过去分词。时间状语last month是明确的过去时间，用一般过去时。主语The astronauts是复数，be动词用were。应填were sent。 13．________ the help of the new technology, we can explore the deep sea more easily. A．Under B．With C．For D．By 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在新科技的帮助下，我们可以更容易地探索深海。 Under在……下面；With带有；在……下；For为了；By通过。固定短语with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”，应填With。 14．—Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. You can search for it on the Internet. A．how can I get some information about Mars B．how I can get some information about Mars C．why can I get some information about Mars D．why I can get some information about Mars 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何获取一些关于火星的信息吗？——当然。你可以在网上搜索。 how can I get some information about Mars我怎样能获取一些关于火星的信息；how I can get some information about Mars我怎样能获取一些关于火星的信息；why can I get some information about Mars为什么我能够获取一些关于火星的信息；why I can get some information about Mars为什么我能够获取一些关于火星的信息。宾语从句需用陈述语序，即连接词后接主语和谓语，排除A、C两项的疑问语序；根据答语“你可以在网上搜索”可知，此处询问的是方式，应用how引导宾语从句，排除D项的why。故选B。 15．We are looking forward to ________ the spaceship with our own eyes. A．see B．seeing C．saw 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们期待着亲眼看看宇宙飞船。 固定短语look forward to意为“期待”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式。应填seeing。 二、单词拼写 16．Most scientists believe that more new satellites ________ (launch) to space in the future. 【答案】will be launched 【详解】句意：大多数科学家认为，未来会有更多新卫星被发射到太空。主语more new satellites（更多新卫星）和动词launch（发射）之间是被动关系，即卫星是“被发射”的；句中的时间状语in the future（在未来）表示动作发生在将来，需要用一般将来时。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be + 动词过去分词”，launch的过去分词是launched，所以空处填will be launched。 17．The high-tech machine requires ________ (operate) very well. 【答案】operating/to be operated 【详解】句意：这台高科技机器需要被很好地操作。operate意为“操作；运转”，固定搭配require doing=require to be done意为“需要被……”，此处表达被动含义，故填operating/to be operated。 18．It is beyond our ________ (imagine) that one day we can live on Mars. 【答案】imagination 【详解】句意：我们无法想象有一天我们能住在火星上。形容词性物主代词our后面需要接名词，imagine是动词，其名词形式是imagination，意为“想象”。 19．They have to finish the task by ________ (cooperate) with one another in time. 【答案】cooperating 【详解】句意：他们必须通过相互合作来及时完成任务。空格前面by是介词，其后若接动词，必须使用现在分词形式。括号内给出的词是动词cooperate“合作”，需将其变为动名词形式cooperating。故填cooperating。 20．The students are very ________ (excite) about the coming space exhibition. 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：学生们对即将到来的太空展览感到非常兴奋。excite“使兴奋”，动词，此处修饰人The students，要用-ed结尾的形容词，此处用excited，表示“感到兴奋的”。 21．With the help of ________ (science), more mysteries of the universe will be solved. 【答案】scientists 【详解】句意：在科学家们的帮助下，更多宇宙奥秘将会被解开。“解开宇宙奥秘”的是人，且with the help of ...表示“在……的帮助下”，of后面接人。science是名词“科学”，scientist是名词“科学家”，这里用复数scientists，表示多位科学家。 22．Astronauts need to receive a lot of ________ (train) before going into space. 【答案】training 【详解】句意：宇航员进入太空之前需要接受大量的训练。句中“a lot of”后接名词，提示词train为动词，表示“训练”，名词形式为training，符合语境，是不可数名词。 23．________ (compare) with the earth, Mars is much colder and drier. 【答案】Compared 【详解】句意：与地球相比，火星要冷得多、干燥得多。本句是过去分词作状语，Mars和compare之间是被动关系（火星被拿来和地球作比较），固定搭配compared with…意为“与……相比”，符合语境，位于句首首字母需大写，故填Compared。 24．This space film is so ________ (wonder) that many teenagers want to watch it again. 【答案】wonderful 【详解】句意：这部太空电影太精彩了，很多青少年都想再看一遍。句中包含固定结构so...that...，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so是副词，后面需要接形容词来修饰主语This space film；名词wonder“奇迹、奇观”，需要转换为形容词形式wonderful，意为“精彩的、绝妙的”。 25．All the space food is specially ________ (design) for astronauts. 【答案】designed 【详解】句意：所有航天食品都是专门为宇航员设计的。design是动词“设计”。主语All the space food和design之间是被动关系，本句为一般现在时的被动语态，结构是be+过去分词，design的过去分词形式为designed。固定搭配be designed for意为“专为……设计”，故填designed。 三、完形填空 Scientists have found a large underground cave (洞穴) on the moon. It is open from the surface, a good place to build a future base. The cave is near a hole in the Mare Tranquillitatis. This is where the Apollo 11 astronauts first 26 the moon. The cave goes deep into the moon. The cave is about 45 metres wide, 80 metres long, and 150 metres under the 27 . Such caves can 28 astronauts from the hard environment on the moon. Many holes may lead to underground caves. The temperature does not change much. Space rays (射线) can hurt human bodies. Astronauts can be naturally protected from 29 space rays. The caves might even have water ice. The main 30 is that the caves give the main parts of a base without difficult building work. Space teams are now studying how to 31 the safety of the caves and build up their walls. The ground on the moon might shake or move. Future bases may need checking systems to warn of ground 32 . They may also need separate areas for astronauts to stay in if a part of the cave falls down. A professor said that the moon’s caves are great places for future bases, but we 33 know little about them. Another researcher said one of the 34 challenges is getting in and out. It will 35 much work to build support systems. Scientists must work together to solve these problems before humans can live in the caves. 26．A．paid attention to B．took advantage of C．set foot on D．did harm to 27．A．ground B．bottom C．top D．surface 28．A．keep B．protect C．save D．stop 29．A．friendly B．complete C．harmful D．rapid 30．A．mission B．reason C．position D．advantage 31．A．cancel B．check C．publish D．afford 32．A．movement B．activity C．noise D．geology 33．A．still B．already C．even D．also 34．A．easiest B．busiest C．widest D．biggest 35．A．produce B．spread C．admire D．require 【答案】 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．D 31．B 32．A 33．A 34．D 35．D 【导语】本文介绍科学家在月球上发现一处大型地下洞穴，它适合建造月球基地，并阐述了洞穴的优势、现存挑战以及需要开展的相关研究工作。 【详解】26．句意：这是阿波罗11号宇航员首次踏上月球。 根据原文“Scientists have found a large underground cave on the moon. This is where the Apollo 11 astronauts first set foot on the moon”，阿波罗11号宇航员首次登上月球，应选set foot on。paid attention to意为“关注”；took advantage of意为“利用”；did harm to意为“伤害”，均不符合语境。 27．句意：洞穴大约45米宽，80米长，在地表以下150米。 根据原文“The cave goes deep into the moon. The cave is about 45 metres wide, 80 metres long, and 150 metres under the surface”，洞穴处于月球地表之下，应选surface。ground意为“地面”；bottom意为“底部”；top意为“顶部”，均不符合语境。 28．句意：这样的洞穴可以保护宇航员免受月球恶劣环境的伤害。 根据原文“Such caves can protect astronauts from the hard environment on the moon”，洞穴可以保护宇航员，应选protect。keep意为“保持”；save意为“拯救”；stop意为“阻止”，均不符合语境。 29．句意：宇航员能够被自然保护远离有害的太空射线。 根据原文“Space rays can hurt human bodies. Astronauts can be naturally protected from harmful space rays”，太空射线对人体有害，应选harmful。friendly意为“友好的”；complete意为“完整的”；rapid意为“快速的”，均不符合语境。 30．句意：最主要的优势是洞穴可以提供基地的主体部分，而不用开展艰难的建造工作。 根据原文“The main advantage is that the caves give the main parts of a base without difficult building work”，这是洞穴的主要优势，应选advantage。mission意为“任务”；reason意为“原因”；position意为“位置”，均不符合语境。 31．句意：太空团队现在正在研究如何检查洞穴的安全性并加固洞壁。 根据原文“Space teams are now studying how to check the safety of the caves and build up their walls”，团队研究检查洞穴安全，应选check。cancel意为“取消”；publish意为“发布”；afford意为“负担得起”，均不符合语境。 32．句意：未来的基地可能需要监测系统来预警地面移动/地面运动。 根据原文“The ground on the moon might shake or move. Future bases may need checking systems to warn of ground movement”，系统预警地面移动/地面运动，应选movement。activity意为“活动”；noise意为“噪音”；geology意为“地质学”，均不符合语境。 33．句意：一位教授说月球洞穴是建造未来基地的好地方，但是我们仍然对它们知之甚少。 根据原文“A professor said that the moon’s caves are great places for future bases, but we still know little about them”，我们依旧了解不多，应选still。already意为“已经”；even意为“甚至”；also意为“也”，均不符合语境。 34．句意：另一位研究人员说最大的挑战之一就是进出洞穴。 根据原文“Another researcher said one of the biggest challenges is getting in and out”，这是最大的难题之一，应选biggest。easiest意为“最简单的”；busiest意为“最忙碌的”；widest意为“最宽的”，均不符合语境。 35．句意：搭建支撑系统/保障系统需要大量工作。 根据原文“It will require much work to build support systems”，搭建系统需要大量工作，应选require。produce意为“生产”；spread意为“传播”；admire意为“钦佩”，均不符合语境。 四、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 More than fifty years ago, China successfully launched its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, and started a new chapter in space exploration. To mark 36 50th anniversary, the China National Space Administration announced the name for the country’s Mars planetary exploration program on 24 April 2020. The mission Tianwen, got its name from a long poem Tianwen 37 (write) by Qu Yuan, a famous poet of the Warring States Period. In the poem, Qu raised a series of questions concerning the sky, stars, natural phenomena (现象), myths and the real world, reflecting his doubts on traditional ideas 38 his pursuit (追求) of truth. So far, China 39 (make) remarkable progress in space exploration. In 1970, China launched its first man-made Earth satellite, becoming the 40 (five) country in the world to launch man-made satellites independently, after the former Soviet Union, America, France and Japan. Over the past few years, China’s missions, 41 (include) the Shenzhou and Chang’e series, which were designed 42 (explore) outer space, have expanded mankind’s understanding of Earth and the universe. This time, the Tianwen series will carry 43 the first Mars exploration mission, which represents a milestone for China’s move towards deep space. With the name deeply rooted in Chinese 44 (tradition) culture, Tianwen demonstrates (显示) the determination and perseverance of Chinese people to move further into 45 (depth) space. 【答案】 36．the 37．written 38．and 39．has made 40．fifth 41．including 42．to explore 43．out 44．traditional 45．deep 【导语】本文介绍中国航天发展历程，重点讲述天问一号火星探测任务及其文化内涵。 【详解】36．句意：为了纪念东方红一号发射50周年，中国国家航天局于2020年4月24日公布了中国火星探测计划的名称。表示“纪念”，固定搭配“mark the 50th anniversary”，填定冠词the。 37．句意：该任务名为“天问”，取自屈原的一首长诗。表示“被写”，用过去分词作后置定语，write的过去分词为written。 38．句意：诗中提出了一系列关于天空、星辰、自然现象、神话和现实世界的问题，反映了他对传统理念的怀疑以及对真理的追求。连接两个并列名词短语“his doubts on traditional ideas”和“his pursuit of truth”，应填表并列关系的连词and，填and。 39．句意：到目前为止，中国在太空探索方面取得了显著进步。“So far”是现在完成时标志，主语为China，填has made。 40．句意：1970年，中国发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个独立发射人造卫星的国家。表示“第五个”，用序数词，five的序数词为fifth，填fifth。 41．句意：过去几年，中国的任务包括嫦娥系列和神舟系列。表示“包括”，用现在分词作状语，include的现在分词为including，填including。 42．句意：这些任务旨在探索外太空，拓展了人类对地球和宇宙的理解。表示目的，用不定式，explore表示“探索”，填to explore。 43．句意：这一次，天问一号将执行首次火星探测任务。表示“执行”，使用固定短语carry out，题干已有carry，此处填out。 44．句意：天问一号深深植根于中国传统文化。修饰名词“culture”作定语，用形容词traditional，填traditional。 45．句意：天问彰显中国人走向深太空的决心与毅力。修饰名词space需要形容词，depth是名词，其对应的形容词是deep“深的”，deep space“深空”是固定搭配。故填deep。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他__ ______________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $