Unit 6 Live green（知识清单）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

Unit 6 Live green 主 题 场 景 词 汇 1. _______________ v. 认为 2. _______________ n. 材料（如木材、塑料、金属等） 3. _______________ v. 使成为某种形状，使成形 4. _______________ adj. 耐用的 5. _______________ adj. 便宜的，廉价的 6. _______________ adj. 自然环境的；生态环境的 7. _______________ n. 牙刷 8. _______________ n. 手套 9. _______________ adj. 以前的，从前的 10. _______________ n. 翅膀，翼 11. _______________ v. 系，扎，拴，捆 12. _______________ adj. 卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的 13. _______________ n. 箱，柜；垃圾箱，垃圾桶 14. _______________ n. 平均数 15. _______________ n. 克（公制基本重量单位） 16. _______________ adj. 极（微）小的 17. _______________ n. 麻烦，问题 18. _______________ adv. 明智地 19. _______________ v. 突出，强调 20. _______________ v. 污染 21. _______________ adj. 电子的；电子器件的 22. _______________ n. 货车，卡车 23. _______________ n. 排放物，散发物 24. _______________ v. 升级改造 25. _______________ v. 再使用，重复使用 26. _______________ n. 狐狸 27. _______________ adv. 响亮地，大声地 28. _______________ v. 掉落 29. _______________ n. 乡村，村庄 30. _______________ n. 记者 31. _______________ n. 深，深度 32. _______________ v. 建议，提议 33. _______________ n. 商人；企业家 34. _______________ adj. 工业的 35. _______________ n. 垃圾，废弃物 36. _______________ n. 和平；平静，安宁 37. _______________ n. 公司，企业，商业机构 38. _______________ n. 建筑物；楼房，房子，楼宇 39. _______________ n. 幻想 短 语 1. ______________________________ 绿色生活 2. ______________________________ 环境问题 3. ______________________________ 承担责任 4. ______________________________ 对…构成危险 5. ______________________________ 错误地，无意地 6. ______________________________ 按重量计算 7. ______________________________ 把…误认为… 8. ______________________________ 平均而言，一般来说 9. ______________________________ 随身携带 10. ______________________________ 分解，出故障 11. ______________________________ 转向…，向…求助 12. ______________________________ 把…制成… 13. ______________________________ 捡起，（开车）接某人 14. ______________________________ 忙于… 15. ______________________________ 弄清、查明 16. ______________________________ 无论什么 17. ______________________________ 安心 18. ______________________________ …的结果 实 用 句 型 1. Despite all this, it has slowly and quietly shown its dark side. 尽管如此，它已经缓慢而悄无声息地显露出了它的阴暗面。 2. Plastic waste was first seen in the oceans in the 1960s. Since then, it has become a danger to sea animals. 塑料垃圾最早于20世纪60年代在海洋中被发现。自那以后，它就成了海洋动物的威胁。 3. By 2050, there could be even more plastic than fish in the sea by weight. 到2050年，按重量计算，海里的塑料甚至可能比鱼还多。 4. Tiny pieces of plastic are found in the air we breathe. 在我们呼吸的空气中，也能发现微小的塑料颗粒。 5. Burning it also produces thick smoke that causes air pollution. 焚烧塑料还会产生浓烟，造成空气污染。 6. While the villagers were discussing what to do, they found a hole in the ground. 村民们正在商量该怎么办时，发现地上有个洞。 7. One reporter tried to find out the hole's depth by lowering a weight into it. 一名记者试着往洞里放下一个重物，想测出这个洞有多深。 8. No matter what dirty things people threw into it, the hole took them all. 不管人们往洞里扔什么脏东西，这个洞都照单全收。 语法 构词法 写作 保护环境，防止污染 一、知识点精讲 1. consider v. 考虑，认为，体贴，顾及 【词汇变形】 consider v. 考虑，认为，体贴，顾及 → considerate adj. 体贴的，周到的 → considered adj. 深思熟虑的 → consideration n. 考虑，原因，关心 【词组】 ① consider doing sth 考虑做某事 ② consider as 把…看做 （被动语态：sth be considered as） 【写作句型升华】 ① When it comes to protecting the environment, we should consider taking action right now. 当谈到保护环境时，我们应该考虑立刻采取行动。 ② Many students consider him a helpful friend rather than just a teacher. 许多学生认为他是一个乐于助人的朋友，而不仅仅是一位老师。 ③ The Great Wall, which is considered as a symbol of China, attracts millions of tourists every year. 长城被认为是中国的一个象征，每年吸引数百万游客。 2. environmental adj. 自然环境的，生态环境的 【词根解析】environment n. 自然环境，生态环境；周围状况 【词组】 ① environment friendly 环保的；对环境有利的 ② environment protection 环境保护；环境保扩 ③ natural environment 自然环境 ④ living environment 生活环境 ⑤ ecological environment 生态环境 【用法例句】 ① There is no doubt that protecting the environment is protecting ourselves. 毫无疑问，保护环境就是保护我们自己。 ② It is our duty to create a better environment for both ourselves and the next generation. 为我们自己和下一代创造一个更好的环境是我们的责任。 ③ Only when everyone plays a part in protecting the environment can we build a green world. 只有每个人都参与到保护环境中来，我们才能建设一个绿色的世界。 ④ It is necessary for us to raise our environmental awareness and take action right now. 对我们来说，提高环保意识并立刻采取行动是必要的。 ⑤ More and more people believe that environmental protection is closely related to our daily life. 越来越多的人认为环境保护与我们的日常生活密切相关。 3. tie v. 系，扎，栓，捆 【其他用法】 n. 领带，领结；（绑扎东西用的）带子，绳子；纽带，联系 【词汇变形】 tie v. 系 → 过去式 tied → 过去分词 tied → 现在分词 tying 【固定搭配】 ① tie in with 与…一致 ② tie up with 和…有密切关系 【写作句型升华】 ① The experience not only broadened my horizons but also built a close tie between my classmates and me. 这次经历不仅开阔了我的眼界，还在我和同学之间建立了一条紧密的纽带。 ② What matters most is the family ties that keep us together, no matter how far we are. 最重要的是维系我们在一起的家庭纽带，无论我们相隔多远。（What 引导主语从句；that 引导定语从句修饰 ties；no matter how 让步状语从句。） ③ Our future is closely tied to the health of our planet. 我们的未来与地球的健康紧密相连。 4. stuck adj. 卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的 【词根解析】stick · v. 粘，贴；刺，卡住， · n. 枯枝，枝条；条状物，棍状物 【词汇变形】 stick v. → 过去式 stuck → 过去分词 stuck/ sticked 【词组】 ① stick with 坚持；继续做；保持联系 ② stick to (doing) sth 坚持（做）某事 【写作句型升华】 ① A true friend is someone who will stick with you even when you are in trouble. 真正的朋友是那种即使你陷入困境也会支持你的人。 ② If we want to succeed, we must stick to what we are doing and never give up easily. 如果我们想要成功，就必须坚持我们正在做的事情，绝不轻易放弃。（If 引导条件状语从句；what 引导宾语从句） 5. pollute v. 污染 【词汇变形】 pollute v. → pollution n. 污染 【固定搭配】 ① environmental pollution 环境污染 ② air pollution 大气污染，空气污染 ③ water pollution 水污染 【写作句型升华】 ① In order not to pollute the air, we are advised to take public transport more often. 为了不污染空气，建议我们多乘坐公共交通工具。 ② What we can do is to stop factories from pouring waste into the river so that we can prevent water pollution. 我们能做的是阻止工厂向河里倾倒废物，以便我们能防止水污染。 ③ Environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that we are facing today. 环境污染已成为我们今天面临的最严重的问题之一。 6. electronic adj. 电子的，电子器件的 【词根解析】electric adj.电的，用电的，和电有关的 → electronic adj. 电子的 → electricity n. 电 【词组】 ① electronic product 电子产品 ② electronic industry 电子工业 ③ electronic device 电子设施，电子器件 ④ electronic commerce 电子商务 【写作句型升华】 ① To reduce air pollution, more and more people choose to drive electric cars instead of traditional ones. 为了减少空气污染，越来越多的人选择开电动汽车而不是传统汽车。 ② As middle school students, we shouldn't spend too much time playing with electronic products. 作为中学生，我们不应该花太多时间玩电子产品。 ③ We should learn to deal with electronic waste properly so that it won't harm the environment. 我们应该学会正确处理电子垃圾，以免它对环境造成危害。 ④ We must form the habit of turning off the lights to save electricity when we leave the classroom. 离开教室时，我们必须养成关灯以节约用电的习惯。 ⑤ What we can do is to use solar energy to generate electricity, which is clean and green. 我们能做的是利用太阳能发电，它是清洁且环保的。 7. land v. 掉落 【词性解析】 · n. 陆地，地面；土地（尤指耕地或建筑用地） · v. 着陆，降落；使（飞机）平稳着陆；登陆，上岸 【课文原文】 The young man picked up a stone and threw it into the hole. He couldn't hear it land. 那个年轻人捡起一块石头，把它扔进了洞里。他听不到它（石头）落地的声音。 【写作句型升华】 ① It is reported that animals are losing their land because of human activities. 据报道，由于人类活动，动物们正在失去它们的土地。 ② China is a large land with a long history and rich culture. 中国是一个幅员辽阔、历史悠久、文化丰富的国家。 ③ Dalian is a beautiful coastal city, where the sea meets the land. 大连是一座美丽的海滨城市，大海与陆地在那里交汇。 ④ It is exciting for humans to land on other planets in the future. 未来人类在其他星球上着陆是令人兴奋的。 8. suggest v. 建议，提议，表明 【词汇变形】 suggest v. 建议 → suggestion n. 建议 【固定搭配】 suggest doing 建议做… 【词汇辨析】 词性释义 名词形式 固定搭配 suggest v. 建议，表明 suggestion （可数） suggest doing sth 建议做某事 advise v. 建议，通知 advice（不可数） advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 a piece of advice 一条建议 【写作句型升华】 ① In order to protect our environment, I suggest taking our own bags when shopping. 为了保护环境，我建议购物时自带购物袋。 ② Here are some useful suggestions on how to learn English well. 这里有一些关于如何学好英语的有用建议。 ③ If you take my suggestion, you will make great progress soon. 如果你采纳我的建议，你很快就会取得很大的进步。 二、核心语法精讲 构词法（合成、派生、转化） 1. 合成法 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法称作合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。例如：afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, sportsperson, newspaper, aeroplane, classmate, grandfather等就是通过合成构词法构成的名词；kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working等为合成形容词；however, maybe, himself, everyone, nothing, overlook等也都是通过合成法构成的单词。掌握合成法有助于我们理解和记忆更多单词。 2. 派生法 通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个新词的方法称作派生法。要通过派生法理解和记忆单词，我们需要掌握常见的前缀和后缀及派生规律。 （1）常见前缀 前缀 含义 例词 dis- 不 disagree, dislike en- 使……处于某种状态 enable, enrich im-, in- 不 impossible, impatient, inexpensive inter- 在……之间，相互 international, interconnect mis- 坏的（地），错误的（地），不 misfortune, misunderstand, mistrust non- 不，非 non-smoker, non-native re- 再，重复 rewrite, retell un- 不 unable, unhappy, unpopular （2）常见后缀 前缀 功能 例词 -er, -or 构成名词 teacher, worker, visitor -ian musician -ing building, painting, shopping, meaning -ist artist, scientist -ment agreement, government -ness coldness, happiness, illness -th truth, warmth -tion competition, education, information, invitation -ty loyalty, safety -able, -ible 构成形容词 comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, possible -al environmental, international, national, traditional -ful careful, helpful, useful -ive active, expensive -less careless, helpless, homeless, useless -ly friendly, lovely, monthly, weekly -ous dangerous, famous -teen 构成数词 fifteen, seventeen, eighteen -th fifth, seventh, fifteenth, fortieth -ty forty, sixty, seventy -ly badly, carefully, carelessly, happily, quickly （3）派生规律 由一个词根加上相应的词缀可以派生出名词、形容词、副词等，掌握派生规律对扩充词汇有很大帮助。例如： 由interest可以派生出： interest → interesting → uninteresting → interesting → interestingly → interested → uninterested 由help可以派生出： help → helpless → helplessly → helpful → helpfully 由able可以派生出： able → enable → unable → ability → disable 3. 转化法 英语构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法称作转化法。常见的转化有： （1）动词转化为名词：Let's talk about it more. 咱们再谈谈这件事吧。→ I think we'd better finish the talk now. 我想我们最好现在结束谈话。 （2）名词转化为动词：She gave me a cup of water. 她给了我一杯水。→You should water the flowers twice a day. 你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。 （3）形容词转化为名词：She was wearing a black dress. 她穿着一条黑色连衣裙。→ The girl in black looks very beautiful. 那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 【话题】 本单元围绕“环境保护”展开，核心话题是“环保，从我做起”。写作重点在于呈现个人环保观念的变化：从过去的不以为意到现在的主动践行，并落实到日常行动。 【主题】 · 观念转变：过去认为环保是大事、是大人的事，与自己无关；现在认识到环保就在身边，人人有责； · 责任担当：青少年应从日常小事做起，用实际行动践行环保； · 行动落实：节约用水用电、减少一次性用品、垃圾分类、绿色出行、宣传环保理念。 【例题】 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在开展以“环保，从我做起”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，谈谈你过去对环保的认识、现在观念上的变化，以及今后你打算如何在生活中用实际行动践行环保。 要点提示： 1) What did you use to think of environmental protection? 2) How have your ideas about it changed? 3) What will you do to protect the environment in your daily life? 写作要求： 1) 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名； 2) 词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 3) 可适当发挥，使行文连贯。 Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’d like to share how my ideas about environmental protection have changed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 写作框架 本单元写作推荐 “总—分—总”三段式结构，多用一般现在时。 3. 写作素材 · 核心语法句型 语法点 例句 used to do（过去常常） I used to think environmental protection was none of my business. 现在完成时（观念变化） My ideas have changed a lot since I watched a documentary about pollution. 构词法：前缀 re-（再、重新） We should reuse bags and recycle waste. 构词法：后缀 -less / -ful Using plastic bags is harmful to the earth, so we should be careful. 构词法：合成词 We can save water and electricity in our everyday life. be going to / will（今后打算） I am going to take a cloth bag when shopping. It is + adj. + to do（评价） It is our duty to protect the environment. as long as 条件句（升华） As long as everyone takes action, our world will be greener. · 话题词汇与短语 分类 词汇 环保名词 environmental protection 环境保护 / environment 环境 / pollution 污染 / waste 废物 / rubbish 垃圾 / energy 能源 / resource 资源 / plastic bag 塑料袋 观念态度 used to think 过去认为 / none of my business 与我无关 / care about 关心 / realize 意识到 / take responsibility 承担责任 / be aware of 意识到 环保动作 save water/electricity 节约用水/电 / recycle 回收 / reuse 再利用 / reduce 减少 / sort rubbish 垃圾分类 / take a cloth bag 带布袋 / go green 绿色出行 / plant trees 植树 品质评价 harmful 有害的 / useful 有用的 / careful 小心的 / meaningful 有意义的 / important 重要的 倡议表达 call on sb to do 呼吁某人做 / make an effort to do 努力做 / it is our duty to do 做……是我们的责任 / start from ourselves 从我做起 / take action 采取行动 · 固定句型 1) I used to do..., but now... 对比过去与现在 e.g. I used to think it was useless, but now I know every small action counts. 2) My ideas have changed since... 表达观念转变 e.g. My ideas have changed since I learned about the serious pollution problems. 3) It is our duty to do... 强调责任 e.g. It is our duty to protect the environment. 4) Not only... but also... 并列递进 e.g. We should not only save water but also recycle waste. 5) From now on, I will... 表达今后打算 e.g. From now on, I will take a cloth bag when shopping. 6) I call on everyone to... 发起倡议 e.g. I call on everyone to start from small things. 7) As long as we..., we can... 条件升华 e.g. As long as we work together, we can make our world greener. 4. 范文背诵 【基础版】 Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’d like to share how my ideas about environmental protection have changed. In the past, I used to think environmental protection was not my business. I thought it was only the job of scientists and the government. But now my ideas have changed. After I watched a documentary about pollution, I realized that everyone should care about the environment. From now on, I will take action. To begin with, I will bring a reusable bottle to school instead of buying bottled water. What's more, I will sort rubbish carefully at home and ask my parents to join me. Last but not least, I will collect old books and clothes in my class and give them to others who need them. In a word, protecting the environment is not far from us. It starts with small things. As long as we each make an effort, our world will be greener and more beautiful. 【高分版】 Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’d like to share how my ideas about environmental protection have changed. In the past, I used to think environmental protection was none of my business — it was a big problem for scientists and the government, not for a student like me. However, my ideas have changed a lot since I watched a documentary about plastic pollution. Seeing the harmful effects on sea animals, I came to realize that every small action of ours matters. From now on, I am going to put my ideas into action. To begin with, instead of buying bottled water, I will bring a reusable bottle to school, which can reduce plastic waste. What's more, I will not only sort rubbish carefully at home but also encourage my parents to join me, turning our small habit into a family rule. Last but not least, I plan to organize a book and clothes exchange activity in my class, so that old things can be reused rather than thrown away. In this way, I believe our small steps can lead to big changes. In a word, environmental protection is not a distant dream but something we can do every day. It starts with ourselves and with every little thing we do — saving a bottle, sorting the rubbish, or reusing an old book. As long as we each make an effort, our world will surely become greener and more beautiful. 易错点01 appear的反义词don’t appear和disappear的混淆 【错因辨析】 · disappear 自带“变化过程”：The ship disappeared on the horizon.（船在地平线上消失了。）——船曾可见，然后不见。 · don’t appear 只是否定：The ship didn’t appear on the horizon.（船没有出现在地平线上。）——可能根本没来，不涉及“消失”。 【对点训练】 1. The little boy was playing hide-and-seek. He hid behind the curtain, and a moment later he ________ completely. His mother looked for him everywhere but couldn’t find him. A．didn’t appear B．disappeared C．wasn’t appearing D．hadn’t appeared 2. —Did the famous singer show up at the charity concert last night? —No. Although the poster said she would come, she ________ at all. A．disappeared B．was disappeared C．didn’t appear D．hasn’t appeared 易错点02 break做动词以及broken做形容词的用法 【错因辨析】 · break 作动词表示“打破、弄坏、违反”，过去式 broke、过去分词 broken，如 He broke the cup.； · broken 作形容词表示“坏了的、破碎的、中断的”，如 The cup is broken.。记住：动作过去式用 broke，状态形容词用 broken，且 break 作动词不表示“休息”（休息用 take a break）。 【对点训练】 1. —What happened to your bike? —I ________ it when I rode over a stone yesterday. Now it is ________, so I have to walk to school. A．break; broke B．broke; broken C．broken; break D．broke; broke 2. The window was ________ by the naughty boy, and now there is a ________ piece of glass on the floor. A．broken; broken B．broke; breaking C．breaking; broken D．broken; broke 一、单项选择 1．With enough ________, you can picture what the ancient city looked like hundreds of years ago. A．instruction B．imagination C．information D．introduction 2．To develop good study habits, our teacher ________ keeping a regular schedule, like reviewing notes at 7 p.m. every weekday. A．avoids B．minds C．practises D．suggests 3．Money the dog told Kira that the key to dealing with money is not how much we get, but how ________ we use it. A．quietly B．slowly C．freely D．wisely 4．—What is the 3R rule? —Reduce, reuse and ________. A．recycle B．recycles C．recycling D．recycled 5．—________ does it take for plastic to break down in nature? —Hundreds of years. A．How often B．How many C．How long D．How much 6．The ________ of air makes people sick in big cities. A．pollute B．polluting C．pollution D．polluted 7．We can ________ some old clothes instead of throwing them away. A．rewrite B．reuse C．disappear D．disconnect 8．Don’t be too ________ about what others think of you. Just be yourself. A．positive B．negative C．worried D．confident 二、单词拼写 1．We should learn ________ (efficient) from role models and make progress. 2．We ________ (suggest) that every student should take an active part in it. 3．It is a mistake not to talk to anyone when you’re feeling sad, worried or full of ________ (angry). 4．This is an ________ (electron) dictionary. 5．We should stop ________ (overfish) in this area. 6．We must stop the ________ (pollute) of our rivers. 7．The ________ (punish) is fair for him. 8．The more you review what you learn, the more ________ (like) you will remember it. 9．The great scientist’s action is really _________ (admire). 10．The ancient ________ tells the history of our town and should be protected. (build) 三、完成句子 1．在故事的结尾，人们为保护环境感到自豪。 __________ __________ __________ the story, people __________ __________ __________ protecting the environment. 2．We can find it in bags, bottles, ____________, ____________, mobile phones, cars, houses… ____________. 我们在袋子、瓶子、牙刷、手套、手机、汽车、房屋……只要你能说出的东西里都能发现它。 3．__________ __________ __________ dirty things people __________ __________ it, the hole __________ them all. 无论人们扔进去什么脏东西，这个洞都把它们接收了。 4．__________ the villagers __________ __________ __________ __________ __________, they found a hole in the ground. 村民们正在讨论该做什么时，他们发现地上有个洞。 5．塑料很难在短时间内分解。 Plastic is hard to __________ __________ in a short time. 6．平均来看，每个家庭会产生很多垃圾。 __________ __________, every family produces lots of rubbish. 四、阅读理解 A In a world where tree-dwelling (树栖的) animals risk their lives crossing roads every day just to find food, a Brazilian biologist named Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help—by building special rope bridges that let animals move safely through the treetops, avoiding the dangers of traffic below. The idea came to Fernanda when she found a forest monkey sitting very close to a busy road. “It was totally unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That’s what drove her to take action for Brazil’s wildlife. Every year, about 475 million wild animals lose their lives in car accidents. Together with the local people, Fernanda started the Reconecta Project. They’ve built over 30 canopy (树冠) bridges along a long highway through the Amazon rainforest. Each bridge is fitted with two cameras to monitor (监控) animals coming close. The videos show which animals are regular crossers and which ones still avoid the bridges. The information helps improve the bridge design. ▲ By reconnecting separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food and even meet mates (配偶). For animals that live alone, this could mean more chances to survive and grow their populations. Fernanda’s work couldn’t be timelier. As Brazil’s roads continue to spread, destroying the natural homes of animals, her team is also adding speed bumps (减速带) on roads and posting animal-crossing signs to remind drivers they’re sharing the roads. The project’s success has even caught global attention, much like the freeway overpasses built in California to protect mountain lions. Now, Fernanda is bringing together government officials, organizations and universities to build more green bridges across Brazil’s road network. 1．What is the main purpose of the Reconecta Project? A．To build more highways through the Amazon rainforest. B．To enlarge Brazil’s road network. C．To protect Brazil’s wildlife from road dangers. D．To teach the local people how to survive in the wild. 2．What are the cameras on the rope bridges used to do? A．Scare away animals that get too close to the road. B．Record animal crossings to improve the bridge design. C．Take photos of beautiful wild animals. D．Monitor car speed and report fast drivers to police. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．This has made the local people very happy. B．Some animals are still afraid to use the bridges. C．Building these canopy bridges was not an easy task. D．But the bridges do more than provide safe passage (通道) for wildlife. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Building canopy bridges for Tree-Dwelling Animals B．Brazilian Biologist’s Study of Wildlife C．The Amazon Rainforest: A Natural Home for Animals D．The Dangers of Driving in Brazil B The deep ocean is Earth’s last great unknown place. With new technology, we can now reach its darkest depths. Scientists are eager to explore it for knowledge, hoping to discover new species and unlock secrets of our planet’s history, while companies see valuable minerals on the seafloor such as those needed for electric car batteries. This creates an urgent question: do we have the right to use this hidden world? There are strong reasons for exploring the deep sea and using the resources. Supporters argue that deep-sea mining causes less damage than mining on land. It doesn’t require cutting down forests or moving communities away from their homes. Moreover, minerals found on the deep ocean floor are important for green technology, helping to fight climate change. The process of exploration itself can also lead to amazing discoveries, which benefits all science. However, many others warn of serious and lasting risks. Life in the deep ocean is delicate and recovers extraordinarily slowly, sometimes over centuries. A single mining operation could destroy unique habitats and unknown creatures forever. Pollution from the mining process might travel widely, affecting areas far from the original site. Critics strongly believe that before we start using the ocean, we must first fully understand it—a task we are still very far from completing. A growing idea among scientists and policymakers is to follow a “precautionary principle”. This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed. If resources are to be taken later, it should only happen under the strictest international rules and with great caution. The ocean floor must not become a new wild place where everyone just takes what they want. As those responsible for Earth’s future, we must approach this great unknown not only with excitement for discovery but also with great care, respect, and a sense of duty to preserve its wonders. 1．Why do some people support deep-sea mining? A．They are sure it will find new sources of energy. B．They argue it provides people the most minerals. C．They think it causes less harm to people and the environment. D．They believe it is perfectly safe and has been well understood. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．the mining process. B．the deep ocean. C．the pollution. D．the task. 3．What does the “precautionary principle” suggest? A．Protecting the ocean before using it. B．Starting mining before resources run out. C．Using resources first and studying effects later. D．Sharing the ocean floor equally among all countries. 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．To tell the importance of deep-sea mining. B．To advertise deep-sea mining technologies. C．To describe some means of deep-sea exploration. D．To show different opinions of deep-sea exploration. 第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The Taklimakan (塔克拉玛干) Desert is the largest desert in China. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen, and the moving sand seriously influences the life of local people and the natural environment in this area. However, the Chinese government and people have made great effort to control the desert. Here are some ways they have used. One of the main ways is to build a tree belt around the desert. By the end of 2023, we had already built a 2,761-kilometre-long green belt around it. In 2024, we finished the last part of the belt, 285 kilometres. 1 The belt lies as a strong wall against the spread of the desert. Biological ways are also used. For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on. 2 At the same time, they can also bring certain economic (经济的) benefits to local people. And the method of using solar power generation (太阳能发电) has been used too. 3 In this way, they can make full use of the land and light in the desert area. Great changes have already taken place. 4 The local economy (经济) has also developed quickly. The success in the control of this desert shows: As long as we have a strong will and use scientific methods, we can protect the environment and build a better future for both people and nature. A．It’s about 3,046 kilometres in total. B．It is known as “the green miracle” today. C．These plants hold the sand and reduce sandstorms. D．The natural environment around the desert has improved greatly. E．By building greenhouses, people can grow vegetables and fruit. 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In China, many common people spend their whole lives fighting against the desert. The touching friendship between Yin Yuzhen, a tree-planting hero, and Ronald Sakolsky, an American teacher, is a good example, and their story has 1 people around the world. In 1985, 19-year-old Yin Yuzhen moved to the heart of the Mu Us Sandy Land after her marriage. The desert kept spreading 2 , and sandstorms often blocked the door of her half-buried cave overnight. Many people believed it was 3 that anything could ever grow there. To some people, her dream of turning the desert green sounded 4 . But Yin made a promise: she would rather die planting trees than be beaten by the desert. Year after year, she and her husband 5 holes in the hard sand and carried young trees deep into the dunes (沙丘). Years later, Yin was praised as a national desert-control 6 . Her story soon spread across the country and encouraged a national tree-planting 7 . In 1999, though of a different cultural 8 , American teacher Ronald Sakolsky raised 5,000 dollars for her project. Decades passed, and the bare dunes turned green. Looking back, Yin says she has never 9 those hard years. In 2026, the two old friends finally met in Inner Mongolia and hugged tightly. “I’m back. My dream has come true!” Sakolsky said 10 . Their story tells us that small kindness and long-term efforts can together create amazing miracles for our earth. 1．A．satisfied B．amazed C．cheered D．competed 2．A．widely B．gradually C．deeply D．rapidly 3．A．unlikely B．suitable C．ideal D．certain 4．A．golden B．romantic C．crazy D．skilled 5．A．produced B．dug C．canceled D．repaired 6．A．princess B．statue C．mascot D．champion 7．A．movement B．rating C．invention D．performance 8．A．characteristic B．aim C．background D．profession 9．A．mastered B．regretted C．required D．afforded 10．A．deeply B．smoothly C．proudly D．interestingly 六、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Saihanba, a vast forest in northern Hebei Province, used to be a lifeless sandy wasteland where fierce sandstorms would sweep across the northern plains every spring. Before the first group of young forest workers arrived at this remote site in the 1960s, little green vegetation 1 (see) there. They struggled with freezing cold winters and simple, poor living conditions. Some local people doubted 2 they could make young trees take root and survive on such dry, sandy land or not. Lots of experiments ended in failure in the early years. After 3 (study) hundreds of planting methods, they chose strong saplings for repeated field tests year after year. Many workers devoted their whole lives to this land, with decades 4 (spend) protecting these fragile saplings from powerful wind and sand. So far, people 5 (turn) the lifeless wasteland into a wide green forest. The forest prevents sand from moving toward the south. It also provides safe homes 6 many kinds of wild animals. Compared with the situation in the past, the local natural environment has improved greatly. Their spirit is 7 (true) inspiring for teenagers in modern times. It is 8 greatest green miracle created by generations of Chinese people. Their 9 (determine) pushed them to keep going in hard times. Only through 10 (continue) efforts can people create wonders in nature. Their amazing achievement should be remembered forever. 七、书面表达 某英文报正在举办“Small Actions, Big Difference”为主题的征文比赛。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 要点提示： 1. 目前的环境问题（至少两种，如noise pollution、 water pollution等） 2. 我们身边可以做到的小事（如reduce、reuse、recycle等） 3. 你的呼吁（should do everything possible to.../do our part to do...） 写作要求： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 Small Actions, Big Difference Pollution is a serious problem around the world. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Live green 主 题 场 景 词 汇 1. consider v. 认为 2. material n. 材料（如木材、塑料、金属等） 3. shape v. 使成为某种形状，使成形 4. long-lasting adj. 耐用的 5. cheap adj. 便宜的，廉价的 6. environmental adj. 自然环境的；生态环境的 7. toothbrush n. 牙刷 8. glove n. 手套 9. former adj. 以前的，从前的 10. wing n. 翅膀，翼 11. tie v. 系，扎，拴，捆 12. stuck adj. 卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的 13. bin n. 箱，柜；垃圾箱，垃圾桶 14. average n. 平均数 15. gram n. 克（公制基本重量单位） 16. tiny adj. 极（微）小的 17. trouble n. 麻烦，问题 18. wisely adv. 明智地 19. highlight v. 突出，强调 20. pollute v. 污染 21. electronic adj. 电子的；电子器件的 22. truck n. 货车，卡车 23. emission n. 排放物，散发物 24. upcycle v. 升级改造 25. reuse v. 再使用，重复使用 26. fox n. 狐狸 27. loudly adv. 响亮地，大声地 28. land v. 掉落 29. village n. 乡村，村庄 30. reporter n. 记者 31. depth n. 深，深度 32. suggest v. 建议，提议 33. businessman n. 商人；企业家 34. industrial adj. 工业的 35. litter n. 垃圾，废弃物 36. peace n. 和平；平静，安宁 37. business n. 公司，企业，商业机构 38. building n. 建筑物；楼房，房子，楼宇 39. imagination n. 幻想 短 语 1. green living 绿色生活 2. environmental problem 环境问题 3. take responsibility for 承担责任 4. be danger to 对…构成危险 5. by mistake 错误地，无意地 6. by weight 按重量计算 7. mistake for 把…误认为… 8. on average 平均而言，一般来说 9. carry around 随身携带 10. break down 分解，出故障 11. turn to 转向…，向…求助 12. make…into… 把…制成… 13. pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人 14. be busy with 忙于… 15. find out 弄清、查明 16. no matter what 无论什么 17. peace of mind 安心 18. the results of … …的结果 实 用 句 型 1. Despite all this, it has slowly and quietly shown its dark side. 尽管如此，它已经缓慢而悄无声息地显露出了它的阴暗面。 2. Plastic waste was first seen in the oceans in the 1960s. Since then, it has become a danger to sea animals. 塑料垃圾最早于20世纪60年代在海洋中被发现。自那以后，它就成了海洋动物的威胁。 3. By 2050, there could be even more plastic than fish in the sea by weight. 到2050年，按重量计算，海里的塑料甚至可能比鱼还多。 4. Tiny pieces of plastic are found in the air we breathe. 在我们呼吸的空气中，也能发现微小的塑料颗粒。 5. Burning it also produces thick smoke that causes air pollution. 焚烧塑料还会产生浓烟，造成空气污染。 6. While the villagers were discussing what to do, they found a hole in the ground. 村民们正在商量该怎么办时，发现地上有个洞。 7. One reporter tried to find out the hole's depth by lowering a weight into it. 一名记者试着往洞里放下一个重物，想测出这个洞有多深。 8. No matter what dirty things people threw into it, the hole took them all. 不管人们往洞里扔什么脏东西，这个洞都照单全收。 语法 构词法 写作 保护环境，防止污染 一、知识点精讲 1. consider v. 考虑，认为，体贴，顾及 【词汇变形】 consider v. 考虑，认为，体贴，顾及 → considerate adj. 体贴的，周到的 → considered adj. 深思熟虑的 → consideration n. 考虑，原因，关心 【词组】 ① consider doing sth 考虑做某事 ② consider as 把…看做 （被动语态：sth be considered as） 【写作句型升华】 ① When it comes to protecting the environment, we should consider taking action right now. 当谈到保护环境时，我们应该考虑立刻采取行动。 ② Many students consider him a helpful friend rather than just a teacher. 许多学生认为他是一个乐于助人的朋友，而不仅仅是一位老师。 ③ The Great Wall, which is considered as a symbol of China, attracts millions of tourists every year. 长城被认为是中国的一个象征，每年吸引数百万游客。 2. environmental adj. 自然环境的，生态环境的 【词根解析】environment n. 自然环境，生态环境；周围状况 【词组】 ① environment friendly 环保的；对环境有利的 ② environment protection 环境保护；环境保扩 ③ natural environment 自然环境 ④ living environment 生活环境 ⑤ ecological environment 生态环境 【用法例句】 ① There is no doubt that protecting the environment is protecting ourselves. 毫无疑问，保护环境就是保护我们自己。 ② It is our duty to create a better environment for both ourselves and the next generation. 为我们自己和下一代创造一个更好的环境是我们的责任。 ③ Only when everyone plays a part in protecting the environment can we build a green world. 只有每个人都参与到保护环境中来，我们才能建设一个绿色的世界。 ④ It is necessary for us to raise our environmental awareness and take action right now. 对我们来说，提高环保意识并立刻采取行动是必要的。 ⑤ More and more people believe that environmental protection is closely related to our daily life. 越来越多的人认为环境保护与我们的日常生活密切相关。 3. tie v. 系，扎，栓，捆 【其他用法】 n. 领带，领结；（绑扎东西用的）带子，绳子；纽带，联系 【词汇变形】 tie v. 系 → 过去式 tied → 过去分词 tied → 现在分词 tying 【固定搭配】 ① tie in with 与…一致 ② tie up with 和…有密切关系 【写作句型升华】 ① The experience not only broadened my horizons but also built a close tie between my classmates and me. 这次经历不仅开阔了我的眼界，还在我和同学之间建立了一条紧密的纽带。 ② What matters most is the family ties that keep us together, no matter how far we are. 最重要的是维系我们在一起的家庭纽带，无论我们相隔多远。（What 引导主语从句；that 引导定语从句修饰 ties；no matter how 让步状语从句。） ③ Our future is closely tied to the health of our planet. 我们的未来与地球的健康紧密相连。 4. stuck adj. 卡住的，无法移动的，动不了的 【词根解析】stick · v. 粘，贴；刺，卡住， · n. 枯枝，枝条；条状物，棍状物 【词汇变形】 stick v. → 过去式 stuck → 过去分词 stuck/ sticked 【词组】 ① stick with 坚持；继续做；保持联系 ② stick to (doing) sth 坚持（做）某事 【写作句型升华】 ① A true friend is someone who will stick with you even when you are in trouble. 真正的朋友是那种即使你陷入困境也会支持你的人。 ② If we want to succeed, we must stick to what we are doing and never give up easily. 如果我们想要成功，就必须坚持我们正在做的事情，绝不轻易放弃。（If 引导条件状语从句；what 引导宾语从句） 5. pollute v. 污染 【词汇变形】 pollute v. → pollution n. 污染 【固定搭配】 ① environmental pollution 环境污染 ② air pollution 大气污染，空气污染 ③ water pollution 水污染 【写作句型升华】 ① In order not to pollute the air, we are advised to take public transport more often. 为了不污染空气，建议我们多乘坐公共交通工具。 ② What we can do is to stop factories from pouring waste into the river so that we can prevent water pollution. 我们能做的是阻止工厂向河里倾倒废物，以便我们能防止水污染。 ③ Environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that we are facing today. 环境污染已成为我们今天面临的最严重的问题之一。 6. electronic adj. 电子的，电子器件的 【词根解析】electric adj.电的，用电的，和电有关的 → electronic adj. 电子的 → electricity n. 电 【词组】 ① electronic product 电子产品 ② electronic industry 电子工业 ③ electronic device 电子设施，电子器件 ④ electronic commerce 电子商务 【写作句型升华】 ① To reduce air pollution, more and more people choose to drive electric cars instead of traditional ones. 为了减少空气污染，越来越多的人选择开电动汽车而不是传统汽车。 ② As middle school students, we shouldn't spend too much time playing with electronic products. 作为中学生，我们不应该花太多时间玩电子产品。 ③ We should learn to deal with electronic waste properly so that it won't harm the environment. 我们应该学会正确处理电子垃圾，以免它对环境造成危害。 ④ We must form the habit of turning off the lights to save electricity when we leave the classroom. 离开教室时，我们必须养成关灯以节约用电的习惯。 ⑤ What we can do is to use solar energy to generate electricity, which is clean and green. 我们能做的是利用太阳能发电，它是清洁且环保的。 7. land v. 掉落 【词性解析】 · n. 陆地，地面；土地（尤指耕地或建筑用地） · v. 着陆，降落；使（飞机）平稳着陆；登陆，上岸 【课文原文】 The young man picked up a stone and threw it into the hole. He couldn't hear it land. 那个年轻人捡起一块石头，把它扔进了洞里。他听不到它（石头）落地的声音。 【写作句型升华】 ① It is reported that animals are losing their land because of human activities. 据报道，由于人类活动，动物们正在失去它们的土地。 ② China is a large land with a long history and rich culture. 中国是一个幅员辽阔、历史悠久、文化丰富的国家。 ③ Dalian is a beautiful coastal city, where the sea meets the land. 大连是一座美丽的海滨城市，大海与陆地在那里交汇。 ④ It is exciting for humans to land on other planets in the future. 未来人类在其他星球上着陆是令人兴奋的。 8. suggest v. 建议，提议，表明 【词汇变形】 suggest v. 建议 → suggestion n. 建议 【固定搭配】 suggest doing 建议做… 【词汇辨析】 词性释义 名词形式 固定搭配 suggest v. 建议，表明 suggestion （可数） suggest doing sth 建议做某事 advise v. 建议，通知 advice（不可数） advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 a piece of advice 一条建议 【写作句型升华】 ① In order to protect our environment, I suggest taking our own bags when shopping. 为了保护环境，我建议购物时自带购物袋。 ② Here are some useful suggestions on how to learn English well. 这里有一些关于如何学好英语的有用建议。 ③ If you take my suggestion, you will make great progress soon. 如果你采纳我的建议，你很快就会取得很大的进步。 二、核心语法精讲 构词法（合成、派生、转化） 1. 合成法 将两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合在一起构成新词的方法称作合成法。合成法是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、形容词、副词、代词、动词等。例如：afternoon, sportsman, blackboard, sportsperson, newspaper, aeroplane, classmate, grandfather等就是通过合成构词法构成的名词；kind-hearted, middle-aged, hard-working等为合成形容词；however, maybe, himself, everyone, nothing, overlook等也都是通过合成法构成的单词。掌握合成法有助于我们理解和记忆更多单词。 2. 派生法 通过在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个新词的方法称作派生法。要通过派生法理解和记忆单词，我们需要掌握常见的前缀和后缀及派生规律。 （1）常见前缀 前缀 含义 例词 dis- 不 disagree, dislike en- 使……处于某种状态 enable, enrich im-, in- 不 impossible, impatient, inexpensive inter- 在……之间，相互 international, interconnect mis- 坏的（地），错误的（地），不 misfortune, misunderstand, mistrust non- 不，非 non-smoker, non-native re- 再，重复 rewrite, retell un- 不 unable, unhappy, unpopular （2）常见后缀 前缀 功能 例词 -er, -or 构成名词 teacher, worker, visitor -ian musician -ing building, painting, shopping, meaning -ist artist, scientist -ment agreement, government -ness coldness, happiness, illness -th truth, warmth -tion competition, education, information, invitation -ty loyalty, safety -able, -ible 构成形容词 comfortable, eatable, enjoyable, possible -al environmental, international, national, traditional -ful careful, helpful, useful -ive active, expensive -less careless, helpless, homeless, useless -ly friendly, lovely, monthly, weekly -ous dangerous, famous -teen 构成数词 fifteen, seventeen, eighteen -th fifth, seventh, fifteenth, fortieth -ty forty, sixty, seventy -ly badly, carefully, carelessly, happily, quickly （3）派生规律 由一个词根加上相应的词缀可以派生出名词、形容词、副词等，掌握派生规律对扩充词汇有很大帮助。例如： 由interest可以派生出： interest → interesting → uninteresting → interesting → interestingly → interested → uninterested 由help可以派生出： help → helpless → helplessly → helpful → helpfully 由able可以派生出： able → enable → unable → ability → disable 3. 转化法 英语构词法中把一种词性转化为另一种词性而词形不变的方法称作转化法。常见的转化有： （1）动词转化为名词：Let's talk about it more. 咱们再谈谈这件事吧。→ I think we'd better finish the talk now. 我想我们最好现在结束谈话。 （2）名词转化为动词：She gave me a cup of water. 她给了我一杯水。→You should water the flowers twice a day. 你应该每天给这些花浇两次水。 （3）形容词转化为名词：She was wearing a black dress. 她穿着一条黑色连衣裙。→ The girl in black looks very beautiful. 那个穿黑衣服的女孩看上去很漂亮。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 【话题】 本单元围绕“环境保护”展开，核心话题是“环保，从我做起”。写作重点在于呈现个人环保观念的变化：从过去的不以为意到现在的主动践行，并落实到日常行动。 【主题】 · 观念转变：过去认为环保是大事、是大人的事，与自己无关；现在认识到环保就在身边，人人有责； · 责任担当：青少年应从日常小事做起，用实际行动践行环保； · 行动落实：节约用水用电、减少一次性用品、垃圾分类、绿色出行、宣传环保理念。 【例题】 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在开展以“环保，从我做起”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文投稿，谈谈你过去对环保的认识、现在观念上的变化，以及今后你打算如何在生活中用实际行动践行环保。 要点提示： 1) What did you use to think of environmental protection? 2) How have your ideas about it changed? 3) What will you do to protect the environment in your daily life? 写作要求： 1) 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名； 2) 词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 3) 可适当发挥，使行文连贯。 Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’d like to share how my ideas about environmental protection have changed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 写作框架 本单元写作推荐 “总—分—总”三段式结构，多用一般现在时。 3. 写作素材 · 核心语法句型 语法点 例句 used to do（过去常常） I used to think environmental protection was none of my business. 现在完成时（观念变化） My ideas have changed a lot since I watched a documentary about pollution. 构词法：前缀 re-（再、重新） We should reuse bags and recycle waste. 构词法：后缀 -less / -ful Using plastic bags is harmful to the earth, so we should be careful. 构词法：合成词 We can save water and electricity in our everyday life. be going to / will（今后打算） I am going to take a cloth bag when shopping. It is + adj. + to do（评价） It is our duty to protect the environment. as long as 条件句（升华） As long as everyone takes action, our world will be greener. · 话题词汇与短语 分类 词汇 环保名词 environmental protection 环境保护 / environment 环境 / pollution 污染 / waste 废物 / rubbish 垃圾 / energy 能源 / resource 资源 / plastic bag 塑料袋 观念态度 used to think 过去认为 / none of my business 与我无关 / care about 关心 / realize 意识到 / take responsibility 承担责任 / be aware of 意识到 环保动作 save water/electricity 节约用水/电 / recycle 回收 / reuse 再利用 / reduce 减少 / sort rubbish 垃圾分类 / take a cloth bag 带布袋 / go green 绿色出行 / plant trees 植树 品质评价 harmful 有害的 / useful 有用的 / careful 小心的 / meaningful 有意义的 / important 重要的 倡议表达 call on sb to do 呼吁某人做 / make an effort to do 努力做 / it is our duty to do 做……是我们的责任 / start from ourselves 从我做起 / take action 采取行动 · 固定句型 1) I used to do..., but now... 对比过去与现在 e.g. I used to think it was useless, but now I know every small action counts. 2) My ideas have changed since... 表达观念转变 e.g. My ideas have changed since I learned about the serious pollution problems. 3) It is our duty to do... 强调责任 e.g. It is our duty to protect the environment. 4) Not only... but also... 并列递进 e.g. We should not only save water but also recycle waste. 5) From now on, I will... 表达今后打算 e.g. From now on, I will take a cloth bag when shopping. 6) I call on everyone to... 发起倡议 e.g. I call on everyone to start from small things. 7) As long as we..., we can... 条件升华 e.g. As long as we work together, we can make our world greener. 4. 范文背诵 【基础版】 Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’d like to share how my ideas about environmental protection have changed. In the past, I used to think environmental protection was not my business. I thought it was only the job of scientists and the government. But now my ideas have changed. After I watched a documentary about pollution, I realized that everyone should care about the environment. From now on, I will take action. To begin with, I will bring a reusable bottle to school instead of buying bottled water. What's more, I will sort rubbish carefully at home and ask my parents to join me. Last but not least, I will collect old books and clothes in my class and give them to others who need them. In a word, protecting the environment is not far from us. It starts with small things. As long as we each make an effort, our world will be greener and more beautiful. 【高分版】 Hello, everyone. I’m Li Hua. I’d like to share how my ideas about environmental protection have changed. In the past, I used to think environmental protection was none of my business — it was a big problem for scientists and the government, not for a student like me. However, my ideas have changed a lot since I watched a documentary about plastic pollution. Seeing the harmful effects on sea animals, I came to realize that every small action of ours matters. From now on, I am going to put my ideas into action. To begin with, instead of buying bottled water, I will bring a reusable bottle to school, which can reduce plastic waste. What's more, I will not only sort rubbish carefully at home but also encourage my parents to join me, turning our small habit into a family rule. Last but not least, I plan to organize a book and clothes exchange activity in my class, so that old things can be reused rather than thrown away. In this way, I believe our small steps can lead to big changes. In a word, environmental protection is not a distant dream but something we can do every day. It starts with ourselves and with every little thing we do — saving a bottle, sorting the rubbish, or reusing an old book. As long as we each make an effort, our world will surely become greener and more beautiful. 易错点01 appear的反义词don’t appear和disappear的混淆 【错因辨析】 · disappear 自带“变化过程”：The ship disappeared on the horizon.（船在地平线上消失了。）——船曾可见，然后不见。 · don’t appear 只是否定：The ship didn’t appear on the horizon.（船没有出现在地平线上。）——可能根本没来，不涉及“消失”。 【对点训练】 1. The little boy was playing hide-and-seek. He hid behind the curtain, and a moment later he ________ completely. His mother looked for him everywhere but couldn’t find him. A．didn’t appear B．disappeared C．wasn’t appearing D．hadn’t appeared 【答案】B 【详解】句意：小男孩在玩捉迷藏。他藏在窗帘后面，过了一会儿他完全消失了。他妈妈到处找他也没找到。考查动词辨析。disappear 表示“消失”，强调曾经可见/存在，后来变得看不见，符合“藏在窗帘后→一会儿后完全不见”的语境。didn’t appear 只表示“没有出现”，不强调“曾出现后不见”，与“藏在窗帘后”的预设不符；wasn’t appearing 进行时否定不自然；hadn’t appeared 过去完成时否定表示“之前没出现”，与语境不符。故选B。 2. —Did the famous singer show up at the charity concert last night? —No. Although the poster said she would come, she ________ at all. A．disappeared B．was disappeared C．didn’t appear D．hasn’t appeared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——那位著名歌手昨晚出现在慈善音乐会上了吗？——没有。虽然海报说她会来，但她根本没有出现。考查动词辨析与时态。didn’t appear 表示“没有出现”，对应问句中的 show up，表示预期出现但未发生，符合语境。disappear 表示“消失”，预设“曾出现”，与“根本没来”矛盾；was disappeared 不能这样用被动；hasn’t appeared 现在完成时与 last night 及问句过去时不一致。故选C。 易错点02 break做动词以及broken做形容词的用法 【错因辨析】 · break 作动词表示“打破、弄坏、违反”，过去式 broke、过去分词 broken，如 He broke the cup.； · broken 作形容词表示“坏了的、破碎的、中断的”，如 The cup is broken.。记住：动作过去式用 broke，状态形容词用 broken，且 break 作动词不表示“休息”（休息用 take a break）。 【对点训练】 1. —What happened to your bike? —I ________ it when I rode over a stone yesterday. Now it is ________, so I have to walk to school. A．break; broke B．broke; broken C．broken; break D．broke; broke 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的自行车怎么了？——昨天我骑车压到石头上时把它弄坏了。现在它坏了，所以我不得不走路去上学。 考查 break 的动词形式与形容词用法。第一空表示“弄坏”这一过去动作，主语 I 后接动词过去式 broke；第二空作表语，表示“坏了的”状态，用形容词 broken。A 项第一空 break 是原形，时态不符；C 项 broken 不能作谓语动词，break 也不能作表语形容词；D 项第二空 broke 是动词过去式，不能作表语形容词。故选B。 2. The window was ________ by the naughty boy, and now there is a ________ piece of glass on the floor. A．broken; broken B．broke; breaking C．breaking; broken D．broken; broke 【答案】A 【详解】句意：窗户被那个淘气的男孩打破了，现在地板上有一块碎玻璃。 考查 broken 的两种用法。第一空为被动语态 be + 过去分词，用 broken；第二空作定语修饰 piece of glass，表示“破碎的”，用形容词 broken。B 项 broke 不是过去分词，breaking 不表示“破碎的”；C 项 breaking 不能用于被动语态，且第一空错误；D 项第二空 broke 不能作定语形容词。故选A。 一、单项选择 1．With enough ________, you can picture what the ancient city looked like hundreds of years ago. A．instruction B．imagination C．information D．introduction 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有了足够的想象力，你就能想象出几百年前这座古城是什么样子的。 instruction指示；imagination想象力；information信息；introduction介绍。根据“you can picture what the ancient city looked like hundreds of years ago”可知，要在脑海中描绘出过去的景象，需要的是想象力，符合语境。 2．To develop good study habits, our teacher ________ keeping a regular schedule, like reviewing notes at 7 p.m. every weekday. A．avoids B．minds C．practises D．suggests 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了培养良好的学习习惯，我们的老师建议保持一个规律的时间表，比如每个工作日晚7点复习笔记。 avoids避免；minds介意；practises练习；suggests建议。根据“To develop good study habits”可知目的是培养好习惯，老师通常是“建议”学生保持规律作息，且suggest doing sth.意为“建议做某事”，符合语境。 3．Money the dog told Kira that the key to dealing with money is not how much we get, but how ________ we use it. A．quietly B．slowly C．freely D．wisely 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小狗钱钱告诉基拉，理财的关键不在于我们得到多少，而在于我们如何明智地使用它。 quietly安静地；slowly慢慢地；freely自由地；wisely明智地。根据“the key to dealing with money”可知，理财的关键在于如何明智地使用金钱，应填wisely。 4．—What is the 3R rule? —Reduce, reuse and ________. A．recycle B．recycles C．recycling D．recycled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——3R规则是什么？——减量、复用和回收。 根据“Reduce, reuse and...”可知，and连接并列成分，Reduce和reuse均为动词原形，因此空缺处也应填动词原形。 5．—________ does it take for plastic to break down in nature? —Hundreds of years. A．How often B．How many C．How long D．How much 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——塑料在自然界中分解需要多长时间？——数百年。 How often多久一次；How many多少（后接可数名词复数）；How long多长时间；How much多少（后接不可数名词或询问价格）。根据答句“Hundreds of years.”可知，前句是在询问塑料在自然界中分解所需的时长，应填How long。 6．The ________ of air makes people sick in big cities. A．pollute B．polluting C．pollution D．polluted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大城市里空气的污染使人生病。    pollute污染（动词）；polluting（动名词，侧重动作）；pollution（名词）；polluted被污染的（形容词）。空格前有定冠词“The”，后有介词“of air”，共同限定一个名词作主语，且谓语“makes”为第三人称单数，所以需用名词“pollution”充当主语中心词。 7．We can ________ some old clothes instead of throwing them away. A．rewrite B．reuse C．disappear D．disconnect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以再利用一些旧衣服，而不是把它们扔掉。 rewrite重写；reuse再利用；disappear消失；disconnect断开。根据“instead of throwing them away”可知，此处表达对旧衣服进行“再利用”，应填reuse。 8．Don’t be too ________ about what others think of you. Just be yourself. A．positive B．negative C．worried D．confident 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要太担心别人对你的看法。做你自己就好。 positive积极的；negative消极的；worried担心的；confident自信的。结合后句“Just be yourself”的语境，此处表达不要过度在意、担忧他人的评价，符合搭配be worried about“为……担忧”的语义逻辑。 二、单词拼写 1．We should learn ________ (efficient) from role models and make progress. 【答案】efficiently 【详解】句意：我们应该高效地向榜样学习并取得进步。句中learn为动词，其后需要用副词来修饰，efficient的副词形式为efficiently，故填efficiently。 2．We ________ (suggest) that every student should take an active part in it. 【答案】suggest/suggested 【详解】句意：我们建议每个学生都应该积极参与它。suggest表示“建议”，主语We是复数，若描述现在的看法用一般现在时，填suggest；若描述过去提出的建议，用一般过去时，填suggested，suggest后接的宾语从句常用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气结构，故填suggest/suggested。 3．It is a mistake not to talk to anyone when you’re feeling sad, worried or full of ________ (angry). 【答案】anger 【详解】句意：当你感到难过、忧虑或是满腔怒火时，不和任何人倾诉是不对的。full of 意为 “充满……”，后面需要接名词；angry是形容词，译为“生气的”，它对应的名词形式是anger。故填anger。 4．This is an ________ (electron) dictionary. 【答案】electronic 【详解】句意：这是一本电子词典。此处是形容词修饰名词dictionary，electron是名词，意为“电子”，对应的形容词是electronic“电子的”。electronic dictionary“电子词典”。故填electronic。 5．We should stop ________ (overfish) in this area. 【答案】overfishing 【详解】句意：我们应该停止在这个区域过度捕捞。此处为固定搭配stop doing sth.，意为“停止做某事”。需用动名词作宾语，应填overfishing。 6．We must stop the ________ (pollute) of our rivers. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：我们必须阻止河流的污染。空格前有定冠词the，空格后有介词of，此处需要填名词。pollute是动词，名词形式为pollution，不可数名词。 7．The ________ (punish) is fair for him. 【答案】punishment 【详解】句意：这种惩罚对他来说是公平的。空格位于定冠词The之后，在句中作主语，需填入名词形式。所给词punish为动词，意为“惩罚”，其对应的名词形式为punishment；根据空后的系动词is可知，主语需用单数形式，加名词后缀-ment构成的名词punishment意为“惩罚；处罚”。 8．The more you review what you learn, the more ________ (like) you will remember it. 【答案】likely 【详解】句意：你复习所学内容越多，就越可能记住它。根据“the more...the more...”的固定结构及“you will remember it”的语境，此处需用like的副词形式likely表示“可能地”，more likely是其比较级形式。故填likely。 9．The great scientist’s action is really _________ (admire). 【答案】admirable 【详解】句意：这位伟大科学家的行为真的令人钦佩。be动词is后面需要形容词作表语。admire的形容词形式为admirable，意为“令人钦佩的”，修饰事物。 10．The ancient ________ tells the history of our town and should be protected. (build) 【答案】building 【详解】句意：这座古老的建筑记述着我们小镇的历史，应该被保护起来。ancient是形容词，后面接名词；build对应的名词形式building，表示“建筑物”，谓语tells是单数，所以用单数形式building。 三、完成句子 1．在故事的结尾，人们为保护环境感到自豪。 __________ __________ __________ the story, people __________ __________ __________ protecting the environment. 【答案】 At the end of take pride in 【详解】原句中“在……的结尾”和“为……感到自豪”是关键词，表示“在……的结尾”的短语是at the end of，句首字母大写；表示“为……感到自豪”的短语是take pride in，这句话是对故事内容的客观陈述，属于介绍故事情节、文本内容，英语里习惯用一般现在时，主语people为复数，动词用原形，故填take pride in。 2．We can find it in bags, bottles, ____________, ____________, mobile phones, cars, houses… ____________. 我们在袋子、瓶子、牙刷、手套、手机、汽车、房屋……只要你能说出的东西里都能发现它。 【答案】 toothbrushes gloves you name it 【详解】原句中“牙刷”“手套”“只要你能说出”是关键词。toothbrushes表示“牙刷”，和前面bags、bottles并列，用复数；gloves表示 “手套”，常用复数；you name it是固定习语，意思是“凡是你想得到的、只要你说得出来”。 3．__________ __________ __________ dirty things people __________ __________ it, the hole __________ them all. 无论人们扔进去什么脏东西，这个洞都把它们接收了。 【答案】 No matter what threw into took 【详解】原句中“无论什么”“扔”“接收”是关键词，表示“无论什么”用no matter what，表示“扔”用throw into，表示“接收”用take。描述已发生的事情，用一般过去时，故填No matter what；threw into；took。 4．__________ the villagers __________ __________ __________ __________ __________, they found a hole in the ground. 村民们正在讨论该做什么时，他们发现地上有个洞。 【答案】 While were discussing what to do 【详解】原句中“正在讨论该做什么”是关键词，表示“讨论”的单词是discuss。本句为while引导的时间状语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句动作在主句动作发生时正在进行，用过去进行时；做什么用“what to do”表示。 5．塑料很难在短时间内分解。 Plastic is hard to __________ __________ in a short time. 【答案】break down 【详解】原句中关键词是“分解”，break down意为“分解”，动词短语；be hard to do sth.意为“做某事很难”，to后接动词原形。 6．平均来看，每个家庭会产生很多垃圾。 __________ __________, every family produces lots of rubbish. 【答案】On average 【详解】原句中“平均来看”是关键词，表示“平均来看”的短语是on average，放在句首首字母大写。 四、阅读理解 A In a world where tree-dwelling (树栖的) animals risk their lives crossing roads every day just to find food, a Brazilian biologist named Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help—by building special rope bridges that let animals move safely through the treetops, avoiding the dangers of traffic below. The idea came to Fernanda when she found a forest monkey sitting very close to a busy road. “It was totally unprotected from cars,” she recalls. That’s what drove her to take action for Brazil’s wildlife. Every year, about 475 million wild animals lose their lives in car accidents. Together with the local people, Fernanda started the Reconecta Project. They’ve built over 30 canopy (树冠) bridges along a long highway through the Amazon rainforest. Each bridge is fitted with two cameras to monitor (监控) animals coming close. The videos show which animals are regular crossers and which ones still avoid the bridges. The information helps improve the bridge design. ▲ By reconnecting separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food and even meet mates (配偶). For animals that live alone, this could mean more chances to survive and grow their populations. Fernanda’s work couldn’t be timelier. As Brazil’s roads continue to spread, destroying the natural homes of animals, her team is also adding speed bumps (减速带) on roads and posting animal-crossing signs to remind drivers they’re sharing the roads. The project’s success has even caught global attention, much like the freeway overpasses built in California to protect mountain lions. Now, Fernanda is bringing together government officials, organizations and universities to build more green bridges across Brazil’s road network. 1．What is the main purpose of the Reconecta Project? A．To build more highways through the Amazon rainforest. B．To enlarge Brazil’s road network. C．To protect Brazil’s wildlife from road dangers. D．To teach the local people how to survive in the wild. 2．What are the cameras on the rope bridges used to do? A．Scare away animals that get too close to the road. B．Record animal crossings to improve the bridge design. C．Take photos of beautiful wild animals. D．Monitor car speed and report fast drivers to police. 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．This has made the local people very happy. B．Some animals are still afraid to use the bridges. C．Building these canopy bridges was not an easy task. D．But the bridges do more than provide safe passage (通道) for wildlife. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Building canopy bridges for Tree-Dwelling Animals B．Brazilian Biologist’s Study of Wildlife C．The Amazon Rainforest: A Natural Home for Animals D．The Dangers of Driving in Brazil 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了巴西生物学家Fernanda发起Reconecta项目，通过建造树冠桥帮助树栖动物安全穿越道路，保护野生动物免受交通威胁，并介绍了项目的设计、作用及全球影响。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In a world where tree-dwelling (树栖的) animals risk their lives crossing roads every day just to find food, a Brazilian biologist named Fernanda Abra is stepping in to help—by building special rope bridges that let animals move safely through the treetops, avoiding the dangers of traffic below.”可知，该项目的主要目的是保护巴西野生动物免受道路交通的危险。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The videos show which animals are regular crossers and which ones still avoid the bridges. The information helps improve the bridge design.”可知，摄像头用于记录动物通行情况，收集的信息有助于改进桥梁设计。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“By reconnecting separated forest areas, they help animals move around more easily, find food and even meet mates (配偶).”可知，空格后阐述了桥梁除了安全通行外的额外益处，此处应填入表示递进关系的句子，表明桥梁作用不止于此，D项符合逻辑。 4．最佳标题题。根据文章全文内容，核心围绕为树栖动物建造树冠桥以保护它们的安全，选项A准确概括了文章关于为树栖动物搭建树冠桥的核心主题，为最佳标题。 B The deep ocean is Earth’s last great unknown place. With new technology, we can now reach its darkest depths. Scientists are eager to explore it for knowledge, hoping to discover new species and unlock secrets of our planet’s history, while companies see valuable minerals on the seafloor such as those needed for electric car batteries. This creates an urgent question: do we have the right to use this hidden world? There are strong reasons for exploring the deep sea and using the resources. Supporters argue that deep-sea mining causes less damage than mining on land. It doesn’t require cutting down forests or moving communities away from their homes. Moreover, minerals found on the deep ocean floor are important for green technology, helping to fight climate change. The process of exploration itself can also lead to amazing discoveries, which benefits all science. However, many others warn of serious and lasting risks. Life in the deep ocean is delicate and recovers extraordinarily slowly, sometimes over centuries. A single mining operation could destroy unique habitats and unknown creatures forever. Pollution from the mining process might travel widely, affecting areas far from the original site. Critics strongly believe that before we start using the ocean, we must first fully understand it—a task we are still very far from completing. A growing idea among scientists and policymakers is to follow a “precautionary principle”. This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed. If resources are to be taken later, it should only happen under the strictest international rules and with great caution. The ocean floor must not become a new wild place where everyone just takes what they want. As those responsible for Earth’s future, we must approach this great unknown not only with excitement for discovery but also with great care, respect, and a sense of duty to preserve its wonders. 1．Why do some people support deep-sea mining? A．They are sure it will find new sources of energy. B．They argue it provides people the most minerals. C．They think it causes less harm to people and the environment. D．They believe it is perfectly safe and has been well understood. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．the mining process. B．the deep ocean. C．the pollution. D．the task. 3．What does the “precautionary principle” suggest? A．Protecting the ocean before using it. B．Starting mining before resources run out. C．Using resources first and studying effects later. D．Sharing the ocean floor equally among all countries. 4．What is this passage mainly about? A．To tell the importance of deep-sea mining. B．To advertise deep-sea mining technologies. C．To describe some means of deep-sea exploration. D．To show different opinions of deep-sea exploration. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文探讨了深海勘探与开采的争议，包含支持理由、潜在风险及谨慎原则，呼吁负责任地对待深海。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Supporters argue that deep-sea mining causes less damage than mining on land. It doesn’t require cutting down forests or moving communities away from their homes.”可知，支持者认为深海采矿比陆地采矿造成的破坏小，不需要砍伐森林或迁移社区，即对人类和环境危害较小。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Critics strongly believe that before we start using the ocean, we must first fully understand it”可知，批评者认为在开始使用海洋之前必须先充分了解它，此处it指代前文提到的“the ocean”。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“This means we should first focus on studying and mapping the ocean, creating protected areas where mining is not allowed.”可知，该原则意味着应先研究和保护海洋，之后才能在严格规则下开采，即在使用前先保护。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段提出是否有权使用深海的问题，第二段阐述支持观点，第三段阐述反对观点及风险，第四段提出谨慎原则，全文主要展示了关于深海勘探与开采的不同观点。 第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 The Taklimakan (塔克拉玛干) Desert is the largest desert in China. The dry environment makes it difficult for life there. Sandstorms often happen, and the moving sand seriously influences the life of local people and the natural environment in this area. However, the Chinese government and people have made great effort to control the desert. Here are some ways they have used. One of the main ways is to build a tree belt around the desert. By the end of 2023, we had already built a 2,761-kilometre-long green belt around it. In 2024, we finished the last part of the belt, 285 kilometres. 1 The belt lies as a strong wall against the spread of the desert. Biological ways are also used. For example, people grow special plants that can grow well with little water, like huyang, suosuo, shabang and so on. 2 At the same time, they can also bring certain economic (经济的) benefits to local people. And the method of using solar power generation (太阳能发电) has been used too. 3 In this way, they can make full use of the land and light in the desert area. Great changes have already taken place. 4 The local economy (经济) has also developed quickly. The success in the control of this desert shows: As long as we have a strong will and use scientific methods, we can protect the environment and build a better future for both people and nature. A．It’s about 3,046 kilometres in total. B．It is known as “the green miracle” today. C．These plants hold the sand and reduce sandstorms. D．The natural environment around the desert has improved greatly. E．By building greenhouses, people can grow vegetables and fruit. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国塔克拉玛干沙漠的治理方法以及治理后取得的巨大变化。 【详解】1．空前提到2023年底建成2,761公里，2024年完成最后285公里，可知空格处与绿化带相关。选项A指出它总长约3,046公里，与前文的数字信息吻合，是对绿化带总长度的总结，符合语境。 2．本段主要讲述生物治沙方式（种植特殊植物）。空前列举了植物种类，空后提到“同时还能带来经济效益”。选项C“这些植物能固沙并减少沙尘暴”阐述了其生态功能，与后文的经济效益形成递进关系。 3．本段介绍太阳能发电方法。空后提到这样能充分利用土地和阳光，表明空处应是一种利用土地和阳光的具体做法。选项E“通过建造温室，人们可以种植蔬菜和水果”是一种利用和阳光土地的具体方式，与后文逻辑一致。 4．本段总结治沙的成果。空前说“发生了巨大变化”，空后说“当地经济也快速发展”。选项D指出“沙漠周围的自然环境大大改善”，既呼应了“巨大变化”，又与后文的“经济发展”构成环境与经济的并列关系，符合逻辑。 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In China, many common people spend their whole lives fighting against the desert. The touching friendship between Yin Yuzhen, a tree-planting hero, and Ronald Sakolsky, an American teacher, is a good example, and their story has 1 people around the world. In 1985, 19-year-old Yin Yuzhen moved to the heart of the Mu Us Sandy Land after her marriage. The desert kept spreading 2 , and sandstorms often blocked the door of her half-buried cave overnight. Many people believed it was 3 that anything could ever grow there. To some people, her dream of turning the desert green sounded 4 . But Yin made a promise: she would rather die planting trees than be beaten by the desert. Year after year, she and her husband 5 holes in the hard sand and carried young trees deep into the dunes (沙丘). Years later, Yin was praised as a national desert-control 6 . Her story soon spread across the country and encouraged a national tree-planting 7 . In 1999, though of a different cultural 8 , American teacher Ronald Sakolsky raised 5,000 dollars for her project. Decades passed, and the bare dunes turned green. Looking back, Yin says she has never 9 those hard years. In 2026, the two old friends finally met in Inner Mongolia and hugged tightly. “I’m back. My dream has come true!” Sakolsky said 10 . Their story tells us that small kindness and long-term efforts can together create amazing miracles for our earth. 1．A．satisfied B．amazed C．cheered D．competed 2．A．widely B．gradually C．deeply D．rapidly 3．A．unlikely B．suitable C．ideal D．certain 4．A．golden B．romantic C．crazy D．skilled 5．A．produced B．dug C．canceled D．repaired 6．A．princess B．statue C．mascot D．champion 7．A．movement B．rating C．invention D．performance 8．A．characteristic B．aim C．background D．profession 9．A．mastered B．regretted C．required D．afforded 10．A．deeply B．smoothly C．proudly D．interestingly 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国治沙英雄殷玉珍在毛乌素沙地坚持植树造林，将沙漠变绿洲的故事，以及她与美国教师之间跨越国界的感人友谊。 【详解】1．句意：植树英雄殷玉珍和美国教师罗纳德・萨科尔斯基之间动人的友谊就是一个很好的例子，他们的故事令世界各地的人们惊叹。 故事让全世界的人惊叹动容，应选amazed表示“使惊叹”。satisfied“使满意”、cheered“鼓舞”、competed“竞争”均不符合语境。 2．句意：沙漠在迅速扩张，沙尘暴常常一夜之间堵住她半埋在沙土里的窑洞的门。 后文提到沙尘暴一夜封门，说明沙漠扩张很快，应选rapidly表示“快速地”。widely“广泛地”、gradually“逐渐地”、deeply“深深地”均不符合语境。 3．句意：很多人认为那里不太可能长出任何东西。 沙漠环境恶劣，人们觉得植物很难生长，应选unlikely表示“不可能的”。suitable“合适的”、ideal“理想的”、certain“确定的”均不符合语境。 4．句意：对一些人来说，她绿化沙漠的梦想听起来很疯狂。 沙漠难以种植物，别人觉得她的梦想不切实际，应选crazy表示“疯狂的”。golden“金色的”、romantic“浪漫的”、skilled“熟练的”均不符合语境。 5．句意：年复一年，她和丈夫在坚硬的沙土上挖坑，把树苗运到沙丘深处。 种树需要挖坑，应选dug表示“挖”。produced“生产”、canceled“取消”、repaired“修理”均不符合语境。 6．句意：多年后，殷玉珍被誉为全国治沙模范。 根据前文“a tree-planting hero”和她治沙的成就可知，她成为了全国治沙的模范（卫士），应选 champion表示“杰出斗士，模范”。princess“公主”、statue“雕像”、mascot“吉祥物”均不符合语境。 7．句意：她的故事很快传遍全国，推动了全国植树运动。 全国植树是一场集体行动，应选movement表示“运动，活动”。rating“评级”、invention“发明”、performance“表演”均不符合语境。 8．句意：1999年，虽然文化背景不同，美国教师罗纳德・萨科尔斯基为她的项目筹集了5000美元。 中美两国人有着不同的文化背景，应选background表示“背景”。characteristic“特征”、aim“目标”、profession“职业”均不符合语境。 9．句意：回首往事，殷玉珍说她从未后悔那些艰难岁月。 根据前文“the bare dunes turned green”可知，她的努力有了回报，所以她对过去的艰辛付出并不后悔，应选regretted表示“后悔”。mastered“掌握”、required“需要”、afforded“负担得起”均不符合语境。 10．句意：“我回来了。我的梦想成真了！” 萨科尔斯基自豪地说。 梦想实现，内心是自豪的，应选proudly表示“自豪地”。deeply“深深地”、smoothly“顺利地”、interestingly“有趣地”均不符合语境。 六、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Saihanba, a vast forest in northern Hebei Province, used to be a lifeless sandy wasteland where fierce sandstorms would sweep across the northern plains every spring. Before the first group of young forest workers arrived at this remote site in the 1960s, little green vegetation 1 (see) there. They struggled with freezing cold winters and simple, poor living conditions. Some local people doubted 2 they could make young trees take root and survive on such dry, sandy land or not. Lots of experiments ended in failure in the early years. After 3 (study) hundreds of planting methods, they chose strong saplings for repeated field tests year after year. Many workers devoted their whole lives to this land, with decades 4 (spend) protecting these fragile saplings from powerful wind and sand. So far, people 5 (turn) the lifeless wasteland into a wide green forest. The forest prevents sand from moving toward the south. It also provides safe homes 6 many kinds of wild animals. Compared with the situation in the past, the local natural environment has improved greatly. Their spirit is 7 (true) inspiring for teenagers in modern times. It is 8 greatest green miracle created by generations of Chinese people. Their 9 (determine) pushed them to keep going in hard times. Only through 10 (continue) efforts can people create wonders in nature. Their amazing achievement should be remembered forever. 【答案】1．was seen 2．whether 3．studying 4．spent 5．have turned 6．for 7．truly 8．the 9．determination 10．continuous 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了塞罕坝从荒芜的沙地变成广阔的绿色森林的故事，赞扬了几代林业工人的不懈努力和奉献精神。 【详解】1．句意：在20世纪60年代第一批年轻的林业工人到达这个偏远的地方之前，那里几乎看不到绿色植被。分析句子结构，主语little green vegetation与动词see之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且根据时间状语in the 1960s可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。故填was seen。 2．句意：一些当地人怀疑他们是否能让小树在如此干燥、沙质的土地上扎根并存活下来。分析句子结构，根据空后的“or not”可知，此处考查固定搭配whether... or not，意为“是否”。故填whether。 3．句意：在研究了数百种种植方法后，他们选择了强壮的树苗，年复一年地进行反复的田间试验。分析句子结构，After在此处作介词，其后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。故填studying。 4．句意：许多工人把他们的一生都奉献给了这片土地，花了几十年的时间保护这些脆弱的树苗免受强风和风沙的侵害。分析句子结构，此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构，宾语decades与动词spend之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填spent。 5．句意：到目前为止，人们已经把毫无生气的荒地变成了一片广阔的绿色森林。分析句子结构，根据时间状语So far（到目前为止）可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语people为复数意义，助动词用have。故填have turned。 6．句意：它也为许多种野生动物提供了安全的家园。分析句子结构，此处考查固定搭配provide sth. for sb./sth.，意为“为……提供某物”。故填for。 7．句意：他们的精神对现代的青少年来说确实是鼓舞人心的。分析句子结构，设空处修饰形容词inspiring，应用副词形式。true的副词是truly。故填truly。 8．句意：这是中国几代人创造的最伟大的绿色奇迹。分析句子结构，设空处后为形容词最高级greatest，其前应加定冠词the。故填the。 9．句意：他们的决心促使他们在困难时期坚持下去。分析句子结构，设空处前为形容词性物主代词Their，此处应填名词作句子的主语。determine的名词形式为determination。故填determination。 10．句意：只有通过不断的努力，人们才能在自然界创造奇迹。分析句子结构，设空处修饰名词efforts，应用形容词形式作定语。continue的形容词形式为continuous。故填continuous。 七、书面表达 某英文报正在举办“Small Actions, Big Difference”为主题的征文比赛。请你根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文投稿。 要点提示： 1. 目前的环境问题（至少两种，如noise pollution、 water pollution等） 2. 我们身边可以做到的小事（如reduce、reuse、recycle等） 3. 你的呼吁（should do everything possible to.../do our part to do...） 写作要求： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 Small Actions, Big Difference Pollution is a serious problem around the world. ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Small Actions, Big Difference Pollution is a serious problem around the world. Noise pollution comes from unpleasant sounds. It can do great harm to our hearing. Water pollution is putting people’s health at risk. What can we do? First, we should reduce waste. Don’t prepare more food than we can eat. Second, reusing means making use of something again, such as using plastic bags again. Third, we can recycle waste paper and turn it into new products. Small actions can make a big difference. Let’s do our part to protect the environment and build a greener planet and a better home! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（征文投稿），以一般现在时为主 明确要点：①介绍至少两种环境问题；②列举身边可以践行的环保小事，体现reduce、reuse、recycle；③发出环保呼吁，可使用提示句型should do everything possible to… /do our part to do… 确定人称：以we为主 注意事项：文中不出现真实姓名、校名、地名 [第二步：思路梳理] 三段式结构： 第一段：点明污染是全球性难题，介绍噪音污染、水污染以及它们带来的危害； 第二段：围绕 reduce、reuse、recycle，分别介绍我们日常生活中可以落实的环保做法； 第三段：发出环保呼吁，点明小事也能带来巨大改变，回扣主题。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：目前的环境问题 Noise pollution comes from unpleasant sounds. It can do great harm to our hearing./Water pollution is putting people’s health at risk./Air pollution is bad for our lungs and makes it hard for us to breathe./White pollution takes many years to break down and harms wild animals. 要点二：我们身边可以做到的小事 First, we should reduce waste. Don’t prepare more food than we can eat./We can take public transport to reduce gas pollution and avoid buying disposable chopsticks. Second, reusing means making use of something again, such as using plastic bags again./We can reuse old jars to keep small things and use both sides of paper. Third, we can recycle waste paper and turn it into new products./We can sort rubbish and recycle empty bottles to save natural resources. 要点三：你的呼吁 Small actions can make a big difference. Let’s do our part to protect the environment and build a greener planet and a better home!/We should do everything possible to cut down pollution in our daily life./It’s our duty to take action and live an eco-friendly life. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $