Unit4 Looking good,feeling good Grammar and usage 2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第一册

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good Grammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs Yueyun Middle School is a beautiful place where we can often see a sea of clouds among the mountains on rainy days. Yueyun Middle School is a beautiful place. Let’s Describe! Senior high school is a significant period when we take every opportunity to train our minds and develop our character. Senior high school is a significant period. Let’s Describe! The environment is one of the reasons why I choose Yueyun Middle School to realize my potential. The environment is one of the reasons. Let’s Describe! 关系副词引导的定语从句在句子中作状语 Yueyun Middle School is a beautiful place where we can often see a sea of clouds among the mountains on rainy days. Senior high school is a significant period when we take every opportunity to train our minds and develop our character. The environment is one of the reasons why I choose Yueyun middle school to realize my potential. 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句使时间、地点、原因的表述更清晰、具体。 However, Senior high school is also a time when students often lack sleep. And Yueyun Middle school is no exception. Next, let’s read an article to explore more about sleep problems. Task 1 Mind map Sleep problems danger to teenagers Symptoms being unable to fall asleep ________in the middle of the night getting not __________ Consequences feeling tired and having trouble_________ having poor memory, being ________ and suffering a heart attack Causes ________from school or work noise pollution and __________ Body development _____________ Health ________ waking up enough sleep pressure light pollution concentrating overweight slows down suffers Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest? Unfortunately, your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past. A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems. Some are unable to fall asleep, some wake up in the middle of the night, and others simply do not get enough sleep. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work. Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems. In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating. Task2 :Locate restrictive clauses Read the article again and find the sentences with restrictive clauses in the article. In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. So, if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle. Rule1 We have relative adverbs: _______, _______ and _______. The relative adverb where refers to ________, the relative adverb when refers to ________, and the relative adverb why refers to ________. where when why place time reason Task 3 Compare the two sentences to summarize the rules. The school where he once studied is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late. Do you remember the day when you joined our club? Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Rule2 In more formal English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced by “preposition + _________” which 关系副词：在从句中充当状语的成分 关系副词在从句中充当状语成分 副词的选择 替换 先行词:时间 先行词:地点 先行词:原因 reason when where why 介词+which for which But can we use any preposition as we like? 1．关系副词when There used to be a time when(＝during which) I was under a lot of pressure. I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I played the piano for the first time. 具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。 They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers. The office where(＝at which) the guy works is not far from here. 2．关系副词where Rule3 Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary. Complete the clause with the antecedent. Use the right relative pronoun, relative adverb or “preposition + which” to replace the antecedent. Find the antecedent. Part B2 Applying the rules which/that when/at which where/in which which/that why/for which Task4 ：Does “situation” refer to a place? Explore the last sentence in the magazine article Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers. [疑难点津1]　有一些先行词，如situation（情形）、case（情况,病例，案例）、position（位置）、point（关键点/时刻） , circumstance（环境） ,letter, occasion（场合）等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。 ①They are in such a situation where everything is out of order. 他们处于一种什么都没有秩序的境地。 ②The police are looking into the case where two VIPs were killed. 警方正在调查两名贵宾被杀的案件 ③Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales. 销售总监这个职位，沟通能力和销售能力同样重要。 ④We reached a point where we had to make a decision. 我们到了必须做决定的时刻。 ⑤ The circumstances under which he left were unclear. 他离开时的环境不明确。 ⑥He wrote a letter where he explained what happened in the accident. 他写了一封信，在信中解释了事故中发生的事。 ⑦There are some occasions where we have to tell some white lies. 有些时候我们不得不讲些虚情假意的话 Homework 《学法》P75即时训练1 《课时作业》P142-145 3．关系副词why,先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。 ◆This is the reason why (=for which) he was late. 这就是他迟到的原因 ◆The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. 他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。 [疑难点津2]　选择“关系代词”还是“关系副词”？ 一定要注意分析从句的结构。如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，应用关系代词that或which；如果缺少状语，应用关系副词when, where或why。 ①This is the house we visited the famous writer last year. ②The house we visited last year is over 500 years old. where that/which/× Do you remember the days __________ affected us a lot? __________ we spent together? ____________ we stayed together? ______ effect is still existing? which/that which/that in which/when whose Do you remember the farm __________ was built twenty years ago ? __________ we visited together? ______________ we stayed together? ______ products are sold all over the world? which/that which/that on which/where whose Do you believe the reason caused his sickness? ___ he gave to us yesterday? _____________ he did not come to school yesterday? which/that which/that for which/why Applying the rules [疑难点津3]　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. 在正式场合，关系副词when, where, why可以用“介词＋which”替代。 e.g. 书本 P100 例句 2. 如果关系代词指“物”, 定语从句常用“介词+ which”引导； 如果关系代词指 “人”, 定语从句常用“介词+whom”引导。 e.g. Where is the supermarket in which you bought the juice? Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? Applying the rules 1. Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason _________ he was late for school. 2. The English play __________ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.  3. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs __________ they are being trained. in which for which for which 3．“名词/数词/代词等＋of＋关系代词”结构, 表示部分、整体、数量等概念。 ◆The river，the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea. 这条河流入大海，河两岸都是树。 ◆The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors. 这位老太太有两个儿子，他们都是医生。 ◆The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%销往国外。 练习1：填空 The house, the windows ______ ______ face south, is very warm in winter. （这所房子窗户朝南，冬天很暖和。） 练习2：合并 I have many friends. Most of them are teachers. → 练习3：翻译 这家公司有200名员工，其中三分之一是女性。 of which The company has 200 employees, one third of whom are women. Applying the rules I have many friends, most of whom are teachers. 2. I miss those days. 　　技巧 ： ①找出两个简单句的共有成分； 　　 ②将从句中的共有成分去掉； 　　 ③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后． 1. The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep. 2. I miss those days when / in which I used to sleep really well. 3. The hospital where / in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home. 4. I still remember that afternoon when / on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop. B3 Read the information below about World Sleep Day. Then write a short paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary. The beginning has been written for you. In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common.... A Sample In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common. That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Friday of the second full week of March. Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw society’s attention to sleep problems. It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep. P76 where (that/which) why (who/whom/that) when that/which (that/which) which when (that/which) whose where Thank you! $