精品解析：北京市大峪中学2026-2027学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题

大峪中学2026-2027学年度第一学期高二年级英语学科 期中考试试卷 满分：140 时间：120分钟 一卷：满分85分 第一部分 听力理解（共三节，共30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话你将听一遍。 1. 听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 How much should the man pay? A. 125 dollars. B. 100 dollars. C. 75 dollars. 2. 听下面一段对话，回答第2小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What food will the speakers enjoy tonight? A. French food. B. Italian food. C. German food. 3. 听下面一段对话，回答第3小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What is the man probably? A. A runner. B. A journalist. C. A doctor. 4. 听下面一段对话，回答第4小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What will the man probably do next? A. Give the woman a lift. B. Cancel his appointment. C. Help the woman push her car. 5. 听下面一段对话，回答第5小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What are the speakers going to do? A. Drive to the countryside. B. Go horse-riding. C. Work in the fields. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两道小题。 6. What should the woman do when she reaches Johnson? A. Turn right. B. Turn left. C. Turn back. 7. Why did the woman talk with the man? A. To ask the way. B. To sell some flowers. C. To offer to park his car. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两道小题。 8. What is Mr. Stone doing now? A. Eating lunch. B. Having a meeting. C. Writing a diary. 9. Why does the man want to see Mr. Stone? A. To discuss a program. B. To make a travel plan. C. To ask for sick leave. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三道小题。 10. Why does the man go to Miami? A. To attend a wedding. B. To go sightseeing. C. To set up a coffee shop. 11. What will the man probably do after returning from Miami? A. Sign up for tennis lessons. B. Visit the woman’s roommate. C. Teach the woman to play tennis. 12. How did the woman become interested in tennis? A. Her roommate got her interested in it. B. She learned it from the man years ago. C. She watched a tennis game on TV. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三道小题。 13. What problem do people often have according to the speaker? A. They waste a lot of time. B. They’re too busy to enjoy life. C. They don’t want to take exercise. 14. What is true about walking according to the speaker? A. It is the safest form of sport. B. It takes much more time than swimming. C. It requires special equipment to start. 15. What does the speaker mainly talk about at the end? A. Reasons for being busy every day. B. Tips for making time to walk. C. Benefits of walking. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词，听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间，本段独白你将听两遍。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题。 How to Politely Turn Down An Invitation Postpone your 16.________ ● 17.________ responding immediately ● Say, “Let me check my calendar and… 18.________ your calendar for conflicts ● Honestly refuse if… ● Take a little 19.________ time in advance Remember to respond ● Do remember to 20.________ to requests ● Emphasize non-personal reasons 第二部分 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，填入空白处。（共10小题，共15分） Take an Option Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied. Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital. Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live. Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything. 1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical 2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets 3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily 4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned 5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for 6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended 7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed 8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire 9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence 10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，共40分） 第一节 阅读选择（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A篇 Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. It’s difficult to control what sleep position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position. However, some positions are better for you than others, and some could actually hinder your health and wellbeing. If you sleep on your side More than 60 percent of people sleep on their side. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleep positions. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the foetal (胎儿的) position. Sleeping on your side offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment, which can help to prevent back pain, to reducing heartburn and snoring. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women. There are a few drawbacks to sleeping on your side, however. Those with shoulder pain and those who are worried about wrinkles should refrain from side sleeping. If you sleep on your back Lying on your back is the second most popular sleep position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping. When you’re sleeping on your back, your weight is evenly distributed, which helps prevent neck and back pain. Back sleeping would also be advised for those who want to keep their skin in good condition and those who suffer from neck and spinal pain. However, back sleeping is the worst position if you snore or suffer from sleep apnoea. If you are a back sleeper, ensure you have a supportive pillow (枕头) which fits in the curve of your neck and supports your head and natural spinal curve. If you sleep on your stomach Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleep position. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives. The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can actually increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up. Furthermore, those who sleep on their stomach will have their head facing one side, which may also cause a stiff neck upon waking. Which sleep position is right for you? Determining the right sleep position for yourself is personal preference. Regardless of which position you choose, make sure that you have a firm mattress and pillows. These will support the spine and neck, which is vital to prevent any pains in future. 11. According to the passage, sleeping on the side ________. A. is the most comfortable sleep position B. may cure people of their shoulder pain C. reminds people of the foetal position D. is good for those who snore 12. Those who want to keep their skin in good condition may prefer ________. A. sleeping on their side B. sleeping on their back C. pressing their face into the pillow D. having their head face one side 13. What can people learn from the passage? A. How to judge sleep quality. B. How to evaluate one’s health. C. How to develop good habits. D. How to choose sleep positions. B篇 Women Who Changed Science Forever This International Women’s Day, we’re celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever. Ellen Ochoa Ellen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut. She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. Ochoa attended San Diego State University and then continued her education at Stanford. Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoa’s childhood, as an important influence on her career. At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,000 hours in space. From 2012 to 2018, Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, only the second woman to head up NASA’s human spaceflight headquarters. Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist (心理学家), who specialized in child development in black children. Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated (种族隔离的) American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities. Clark stated at Howard University in 1934, and went on to complete a PhD in psychology. She and Kenneth, now her husband, were the first two black people to earn PhDs at Columbia. With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children. Anandibai Gopalrao Joshee Anandibai Jpshee was to become India’s first woman physician with a medical degree. When she was young, her father strayed (偏离) from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school. When she was fifteen, she was determined to study medicine, a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness herself. At the Woman’s Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women. She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty-one. Despite her short life, Joshee’s accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman, and her achievements were enough to open the door for other Indian women to quickly follow. 14. In Ochoa’s idea, what influences her most in her career? A. Her part-time job in a college. B. Her first flight in space in 1993. C. Her mother’s desire for knowledge. D. Her experience in NASA headquarters. 15. What is Phipps Clark famous for? A. Having a PhD in psychology. B. Fighting against racial discrimination. C. Starting the test on the growth of children. D. Devoting herself to the founding of equalities. 16. What do the three great women have in common? A. They specialized in similar research fields. B. They all experienced inequality in education. C. They were pioneers changing our belief in women. D. They were scientists influencing our way of learning 17. Which of the following word best describes the three women? A. Dedicated. B. Modest. C. Creative. D. Caring. C篇 A study published in Ageing, Neuropsychology and Cognition by researchers at the University of Birmingham found that monolingual (单语的) seniors who completed a six-month exercise programme were quicker at completing language processing tests compared to a control group — but bilinguals didn’t show similar improvement. In the study, participants who followed a six-month home-based exercise programme were asked to complete a mix of workout plans each week. Following the experiment, the exercise groups for both monolingual and bilingual participants greatly improved their fitness levels. They were tested before and after the exercise programme on their ability to recognize target words in a spoken sentence. The monolingual participants who followed the exercise programme were 7% faster at detecting the correct words after their fitness increased, while the bilingual participants showed very few language gains. Dr Segart, an author of the study, said: “This is the first study we know of that establishes a causal link between improving fitness and language processing, particularly with older adults. Language processing is an important and interesting area of study, as the ability to communicate plays a key role in everyone’s daily life. The results from the monolingual group provide strong evidence that increasing fitness correlates with better cognition (认知), highlighting the importance of regular exercise for healthy ageing.” “Among bilingual participants in the study, despite seeing increases in the fitness levels within the exercise group, there was no relationship with improved scores in the language processing tests and the results were very similar to those of the control group. The finding might be explained by the lifetime patination (积淀) produced in their neural pathways thanks to the lifelong use of several languages — that is, a cognitive reserve that has already offset age-related loss. Older adults who are bilingual may enhance cognitive reserve, thus reducing the additional benefits gained from exercise,” he added. While the study establishes a clear link between physical fitness and language processing, follow-up research is needed to explore the broader benefits of physical activity for cognitive development. Also, further research will focus on the lasting influence of exercise on cognitive health among other age groups, which may provide much better solutions to age-related language loss. 18. What happened after the participants followed an exercise programme? A. The monolinguals could identify certain words faster. B. Both groups made great progress in language learning. C. The bilinguals improved their speaking ability gradually. D. The participants were quicker at finishing cognitive tests. 19. What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us? A. The value of the research. B. The key role of communication. C. The effect of language processing. D. The area covered by the experiment. 20. What does the underlined word “offset” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A. Resulted in. B. Taken off. C. Taken control of. D. Balanced out. 21. What will the further research most likely focus on? A. Measures to calm fear of age-related language loss. B. The effect of exercise on teenagers’ test-taking skills. C. Additional advantages of exercise for cognitive growth. D. The connection between exercise and language cognition. D篇 What Is A Sand Battery? Generally, when one pictures a battery, one imagines the lithium battery (锂电池) in various high-tech forms. Yet in 2022, Polar Night Energy launched the world’s first commercial sand battery, capable of storing 500-600℃ in heat energy for months. With the environmental concern of mining for lithium batteries, investors and companies are looking for alternatives, and sand batteries are one of them. The concept for a sand battery is simple: storing large amounts of heat in sand or sand-like materials for later use. The advantage of sand is its ability to store large amounts of heat in a small volume, its large quantity, and its low cost. Sand batteries serve as storage for spare wind and solar power and extra energy when demand is low. They can provide heated water as well as heated air to homes and industries that would otherwise use fossil fuels. The heat can also be changed back to electricity using a steam turbine (蒸气涡轮). This technique dates back centuries. Ancient Egyptian homes were made of sand mixed with mud and straw that would keep the heat of the hot desert sun and then release it slowly during the cool nights. Many native Americans used mud to build houses for the same reason. They would also store heat from campfires in rocks wrapped (包裹) in leather skin and use these rocks for heating their beds at night. This ancient wisdom can now be applied to modern solutions through sand batteries. Now, Polar Night Energy, working with the heating company Lovisan Lämpð, will launch a sand battery 10 times the size and capable of storing up to100megawatts hour of heat. This battery will eliminate the need for oil-based energy for the entire town of Pornainen, Finland, and keep 160 tonnes of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere annually. According to the Washington Post, more than $900 million has been invested in clean storage technologies in the past three years, a number that is expected to reach $3 trillion by 2040. This money is being directed towards various small companies that are investigating natural batteries. There are challenges to overcome before this technology can be adopted widely. It remains to be seen whether natural batteries can be a steady source of energy. Furthermore, because it’s an emerging industry, natural battery projects will need to be built from scratch, meaning only developed countries can afford to use them. Despite this, sand and other natural battery solutions are an exciting step forward towards a green future. 22. The idea of sand batteries is ________. A. to process fossil fuels for industries B. to change solar energy into electricity C. to store energy in special materials as heat D. to generate wind energy when it is necessary 23. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. The advantages of sand batteries. B. The inspiration of sand batteries. C. The application of sand batteries. D. The development of sand batteries. 24. What does the word “eliminate” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Meet. B. Remove. C. Create. D. Ignore. 25. What can we learn about sand batteries? A. They are a high-tech form of lithium battery. B. They can be widely used across the world soon. C. They are a steady source of energy for a green future. D. They can provide heat and power for homes or industries. 第二节 七选五（共5小题，共10分） 阅读短文，从短文后的七个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We live in a culture addicted to winning. The spotlight shines brightest on the people who reach the finish line first, while those who come close slip into the shadows. ____26____ The inventor who had the right idea at the wrong time. The poet whose words only mattered long after they were gone. They seldom make headlines, but their efforts change the world in ways we only notice later. The truth is that the “almosts” aren’t failures. Sometimes they push society forward more than the celebrated victims. Nikola Tesla is remembered today as a genius (天才), but during his lifetime, he was largely overshadowed by Thomas Edison. Emily Dickinson’s case is quieter but no less surprising. ____27____ Only later would her simple yet powerful words change American poetry. Or take Katherine Johnson, whose math made spaceflight possible though her work went unmentioned for decades. ____28____ When we honor the “almosts”, we change what success means beyond headlines. Winning becomes about the courage to try, fall, and continue. ____29____ Or the small business that fails, only for its owners to learn and build something more resilient (坚韧的). Even in art, those uncelebrated in their time often touch souls for future generations. The beauty of the “almost” is that it reminds us success is about daring to set out first. There’s something deeply human about the “almosts”. They remind us effort is valuable even without recognition. ____30____ Their stories belong to all of us because most of us are “almosts” in some part of our lives. Few take first place. Yet we matter. A. The truth lies in history. B. But what about the “almosts”? C. That struggle itself has meaning. D. Her “almost” wasn’t a failure at that time. E. Think of the silver runner who returns stronger, inspired by that close loss. F. These stories remind us not getting recognition doesn’t mean making no difference. G. Nearly all her poems sat in a drawer while she lived, considered strange or unfinished. 第二卷 用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空。 contribution, comfortable, prefer, complain, endanger, drop out, associate with 31. Decorating houses is largely a matter of personal ________. 32. People living in big cities ________ because traffic in the area has increased and there are not enough parking places. 33. When my family were busily preparing dinner, my grandpa was sitting ________ in the sofa watching TV. 34. People taking part in the running competition got smaller as members moved away or ________. 35. Many volunteers set up some organizations to preserve ________ species from extinction. 36. I ________ a few of my middle school friends a lot when I was in college. 37. The great scientist ________ most of his time to the medical career during the his whole life. 二、根据句子意思或括号里的提示进行语法填空。（共8道题，共8分） 38. By the time the guests arrived at the birthday party, the whole streets ________ (serve) delicious food for half an hour. (所给词的适当形式填空) 39. I ________ (walk) in the street, when Jim made me a telephone call.（所给词的适当形式填空） 40. You can learn English well by ________ (memorize) new vocabulary and reading passages.(所给词的适当形式填空) 41. Now I regret ________ (be) rude to my parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 42. She went to ________ European university to study art. (用适当的词填空) 43. Dorothy was always saying some dirty words, ________ of course made the others very angry.（用适当的词填空） 44. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in the countryside with my grandparents.（用适当的词填空） 45. Is that the reason ________ you are not in favor of my proposal? (用适当的词填空) 三、根据提示翻译句子。（共6道题，其中66-70每题2分，71题3分，共13分） 46. 这次活动旨在减少压力与紧张的影响。（aim to）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 47. 我代表学生会写信，邀请您来担任我们英语演讲比赛的评委。（on behalf of） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 48. 我们年轻人都应该为世界的未来作出贡献。（contribute to）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 49. 我花了很多时间说服他改掉抽烟的坏习惯。（convince somebody to do something）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 50. 他在学习上的努力使他和其他的学生截然不同。（set... apart from）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 51. 虽然他学习英语有很大困难，但他从未失去信心或放弃。（have difficulty in doing）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 72. 书面表达 52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，请你写一封信给你的外教老师Jim，邀请他来参加下周五学校组织的运动会。 内容包括： 1. 运动会召开的目的、时间、地点； 2. 运动会的项目和活动内容； 3. 你的感受和收获。 注意：1．字数100左右。2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总字数。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 大峪中学2026-2027学年度第一学期高二年级英语学科 期中考试试卷 满分：140 时间：120分钟 一卷：满分85分 第一部分 听力理解（共三节，共30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话你将听一遍。 1. 听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 How much should the man pay? A. 125 dollars. B. 100 dollars. C. 75 dollars. 2. 听下面一段对话，回答第2小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What food will the speakers enjoy tonight? A. French food. B. Italian food. C. German food. 3. 听下面一段对话，回答第3小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What is the man probably? A. A runner. B. A journalist. C. A doctor. 4. 听下面一段对话，回答第4小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What will the man probably do next? A. Give the woman a lift. B. Cancel his appointment. C. Help the woman push her car. 5. 听下面一段对话，回答第5小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。 What are the speakers going to do? A. Drive to the countryside. B. Go horse-riding. C. Work in the fields. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两道小题。 6. What should the woman do when she reaches Johnson? A. Turn right. B. Turn left. C. Turn back. 7. Why did the woman talk with the man? A. To ask the way. B. To sell some flowers. C. To offer to park his car. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两道小题。 8. What is Mr. Stone doing now? A. Eating lunch. B. Having a meeting. C. Writing a diary. 9. Why does the man want to see Mr. Stone? A. To discuss a program. B. To make a travel plan. C. To ask for sick leave. 听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三道小题。 10. Why does the man go to Miami? A. To attend a wedding. B. To go sightseeing. C. To set up a coffee shop. 11. What will the man probably do after returning from Miami? A. Sign up for tennis lessons. B. Visit the woman’s roommate. C. Teach the woman to play tennis. 12. How did the woman become interested in tennis? A. Her roommate got her interested in it. B. She learned it from the man years ago. C. She watched a tennis game on TV. 听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三道小题。 13. What problem do people often have according to the speaker? A. They waste a lot of time. B. They’re too busy to enjoy life. C. They don’t want to take exercise. 14. What is true about walking according to the speaker? A. It is the safest form of sport. B. It takes much more time than swimming. C. It requires special equipment to start. 15. What does the speaker mainly talk about at the end? A. Reasons for being busy every day. B. Tips for making time to walk. C. Benefits of walking. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词，听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间，本段独白你将听两遍。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题。 How to Politely Turn Down An Invitation Postpone your 16.________ ● 17.________ responding immediately ● Say, “Let me check my calendar and… 18.________ your calendar for conflicts ● Honestly refuse if… ● Take a little 19.________ time in advance Remember to respond ● Do remember to 20.________ to requests ● Emphasize non-personal reasons 第二部分 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，填入空白处。（共10小题，共15分） Take an Option Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something ____1____ to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about ____2____. It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied. Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. ____3____, he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was ____4____ from the hospital. Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had ____5____ his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics (急救人员) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they ____6____ me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really ____7____. In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to ____8____ their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing ____9____ to live. Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your ____10____, after all, is everything. 1. A. regular B. familiar C. positive D. typical 2. A. choices B. trends C. relations D. secrets 3. A. Normally B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Luckily 4. A. preserved B. released C. distinguished D. abandoned 5. A. gone through B. put up C. turned in D. called for 6. A. forced B. followed C. wheeled D. recommended 7. A. bored B. frightened C. confused D. embarrassed 8. A. express B. share C. gain D. inspire 9. A. talent B. achievement C. desire D. evidence 10. A. attitude B. standard C. ability D. control 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。“我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。 【1题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“He was always in a good mood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’s your option how you live your life”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据“As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“into the emergency room”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据“He’s a dead man.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，共40分） 第一节 阅读选择（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A篇 Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. It’s difficult to control what sleep position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position. However, some positions are better for you than others, and some could actually hinder your health and wellbeing. If you sleep on your side More than 60 percent of people sleep on their side. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleep positions. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the foetal (胎儿的) position. Sleeping on your side offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment, which can help to prevent back pain, to reducing heartburn and snoring. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women. There are a few drawbacks to sleeping on your side, however. Those with shoulder pain and those who are worried about wrinkles should refrain from side sleeping. If you sleep on your back Lying on your back is the second most popular sleep position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping. When you’re sleeping on your back, your weight is evenly distributed, which helps prevent neck and back pain. Back sleeping would also be advised for those who want to keep their skin in good condition and those who suffer from neck and spinal pain. However, back sleeping is the worst position if you snore or suffer from sleep apnoea. If you are a back sleeper, ensure you have a supportive pillow (枕头) which fits in the curve of your neck and supports your head and natural spinal curve. If you sleep on your stomach Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleep position. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives. The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can actually increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up. Furthermore, those who sleep on their stomach will have their head facing one side, which may also cause a stiff neck upon waking. Which sleep position is right for you? Determining the right sleep position for yourself is personal preference. Regardless of which position you choose, make sure that you have a firm mattress and pillows. These will support the spine and neck, which is vital to prevent any pains in future. 11. According to the passage, sleeping on the side ________. A. is the most comfortable sleep position B. may cure people of their shoulder pain C. reminds people of the foetal position D. is good for those who snore 12. Those who want to keep their skin in good condition may prefer ________. A. sleeping on their side B. sleeping on their back C. pressing their face into the pillow D. having their head face one side 13. What can people learn from the passage? A. How to judge sleep quality. B. How to evaluate one’s health. C. How to develop good habits. D. How to choose sleep positions. 【答案】11. D 12. B 13. D 【解析】 【导读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一题题干“sleeping on the side (侧身睡)”定位到文章第一个小标题处。再根据第四段“Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people, those who snore or have sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停), those with back pain and pregnant women.(侧睡对老年人、打鼾或睡眠呼吸暂停患者、背痛患者和孕妇尤其有益。)”可知，侧睡对打鼾者有益。故选D项。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二题题干“keep their skin in good condition(保持皮肤良好状态)”定位到文章第七段，与“those who want to keep their skin in good condition(那些想要保持皮肤良好状态的人)”有对应关系，可知，想要皮肤状态好，要使用第二种仰卧姿势睡觉。故选B项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Your sleep position can determine a lot about your health, and can also affect your health in different ways. (你的睡姿可以在很大程度上决定你的健康状况，也会以不同的方式影响你的健康。)”以及小标题“If you sleep on your side(如果你侧睡的话)”“If you sleep on your back(如果你仰着睡)”“If you sleep on your stomach(如果你趴着睡)”“Which sleep position is right for you?(哪种睡姿适合你?)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了不同的睡眠姿势及其优缺点，我们可以从文中了解如何选择适合自己的睡觉姿势。故选D项。 B篇 Women Who Changed Science Forever This International Women’s Day, we’re celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever. Ellen Ochoa Ellen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut. She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993. Ochoa attended San Diego State University and then continued her education at Stanford. Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoa’s childhood, as an important influence on her career. At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,000 hours in space. From 2012 to 2018, Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, only the second woman to head up NASA’s human spaceflight headquarters. Mamie Phipps Clark Mamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist (心理学家), who specialized in child development in black children. Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated (种族隔离的) American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities. Clark stated at Howard University in 1934, and went on to complete a PhD in psychology. She and Kenneth, now her husband, were the first two black people to earn PhDs at Columbia. With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children. Anandibai Gopalrao Joshee Anandibai Jpshee was to become India’s first woman physician with a medical degree. When she was young, her father strayed (偏离) from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school. When she was fifteen, she was determined to study medicine, a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness herself. At the Woman’s Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women. She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty-one. Despite her short life, Joshee’s accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman, and her achievements were enough to open the door for other Indian women to quickly follow. 14. In Ochoa’s idea, what influences her most in her career? A. Her part-time job in a college. B. Her first flight in space in 1993. C. Her mother’s desire for knowledge. D. Her experience in NASA headquarters. 15. What is Phipps Clark famous for? A. Having a PhD in psychology. B. Fighting against racial discrimination. C. Starting the test on the growth of children. D. Devoting herself to the founding of equalities. 16. What do the three great women have in common? A. They specialized in similar research fields. B. They all experienced inequality in education. C. They were pioneers changing our belief in women. D. They were scientists influencing our way of learning 17. Which of the following word best describes the three women? A. Dedicated. B. Modest. C. Creative. D. Caring. 【答案】14. C 15. B 16. C 17. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三位伟大的女性，讲述了她们的成就。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Ochoa regards her mother, whose passion for learning kept her in part-time college courses all through Ochoa’s childhood, as an important influence on her career.(奥乔亚认为她的母亲对她的职业生涯有重要的影响。她的母亲对学习的热情使她在整个童年时期都在兼职学习大学课程)”可知，奥乔亚母亲对知识的渴望对她职业生涯影响最大。故选C。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Born in Arkansas, Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated(种族隔离的)American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities.(克拉克出生在阿肯色州，她早年在种族隔离的美国南部作为一个黑人儿童的经历，帮助那些在同样的不公中成长的孩子)”可知，菲普斯·克拉克以反对种族歧视出名。故选B。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“This International Women’s Day, we’re celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever.(今年的国际妇女节，我们要庆祝三位永远改变了科学面貌的女性)”可推断，这三位伟大的女性是改变我们对女性信念的先锋。故选C。 【17题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“At the end of her flying career, Ochoa had traveled nearly 1,000 hours in space.(在她的飞行生涯结束时，奥乔亚在太空中飞行了近1000小时)”；倒数第三段“With their funding, she started the famous Doll Test, which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children.(在他们的资助下，她开始了著名的娃娃测试，展示了学校隔离对黑人儿童的负面影响)”以及倒数第二段“At the Woman’s Medical College, Joshee studied devotedly, hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.(在女子医学院，乔西专心致志地学习，希望回到印度服务其他印度妇女)”可推断，这三位女性献身于自己的社会事业。故选A。 C篇 A study published in Ageing, Neuropsychology and Cognition by researchers at the University of Birmingham found that monolingual (单语的) seniors who completed a six-month exercise programme were quicker at completing language processing tests compared to a control group — but bilinguals didn’t show similar improvement. In the study, participants who followed a six-month home-based exercise programme were asked to complete a mix of workout plans each week. Following the experiment, the exercise groups for both monolingual and bilingual participants greatly improved their fitness levels. They were tested before and after the exercise programme on their ability to recognize target words in a spoken sentence. The monolingual participants who followed the exercise programme were 7% faster at detecting the correct words after their fitness increased, while the bilingual participants showed very few language gains. Dr Segart, an author of the study, said: “This is the first study we know of that establishes a causal link between improving fitness and language processing, particularly with older adults. Language processing is an important and interesting area of study, as the ability to communicate plays a key role in everyone’s daily life. The results from the monolingual group provide strong evidence that increasing fitness correlates with better cognition (认知), highlighting the importance of regular exercise for healthy ageing.” “Among bilingual participants in the study, despite seeing increases in the fitness levels within the exercise group, there was no relationship with improved scores in the language processing tests and the results were very similar to those of the control group. The finding might be explained by the lifetime patination (积淀) produced in their neural pathways thanks to the lifelong use of several languages — that is, a cognitive reserve that has already offset age-related loss. Older adults who are bilingual may enhance cognitive reserve, thus reducing the additional benefits gained from exercise,” he added. While the study establishes a clear link between physical fitness and language processing, follow-up research is needed to explore the broader benefits of physical activity for cognitive development. Also, further research will focus on the lasting influence of exercise on cognitive health among other age groups, which may provide much better solutions to age-related language loss. 18. What happened after the participants followed an exercise programme? A. The monolinguals could identify certain words faster. B. Both groups made great progress in language learning. C. The bilinguals improved their speaking ability gradually. D. The participants were quicker at finishing cognitive tests. 19. What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us? A. The value of the research. B. The key role of communication. C. The effect of language processing. D. The area covered by the experiment. 20. What does the underlined word “offset” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A. Resulted in. B. Taken off. C. Taken control of. D. Balanced out. 21. What will the further research most likely focus on? A. Measures to calm fear of age-related language loss. B. The effect of exercise on teenagers’ test-taking skills. C. Additional advantages of exercise for cognitive growth. D. The connection between exercise and language cognition. 【答案】18. A 19. A 20. D 21. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于运动与语言处理能力关系的研究，分析了单语者和双语者在运动后语言处理能力的不同表现，阐述了研究的意义并指出后续研究的方向。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The monolingual participants who followed the exercise programme were 7% faster at detecting the correct words after their fitness increased, while the bilingual participants showed very few language gains.(遵循锻炼计划的单语参与者在体能提高后识别正确单词的速度快了7%，而双语参与者的语言收益很少。)”可知，单语者能更快地识别某些单词。故选A。 【19题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“This is the first study we know of that establishes a causal link between improving fitness and language processing, particularly with older adults. Language processing is an important and interesting area of study, as the ability to communicate plays a key role in everyone’s daily life. The results from the monolingual group provide strong evidence that increasing fitness correlates with better cognition, highlighting the importance of regular exercise for healthy ageing.(这是我们所知的第一项研究，在提高健康水平和语言处理能力之间建立了因果关系，特别是针对老年人。语言处理是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，因为沟通能力在每个人的日常生活中都起着关键作用。单语组的结果提供了强有力的证据，表明提高健康水平与更好的认知能力相关，突出了定期锻炼对健康老龄化的重要性。)”可知，第三段主要介绍了这项研究的价值。故选A。 【20题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“The finding might be explained by the lifetime patination produced in their neural pathways thanks to the lifelong use of several languages(这一发现可能可以用以下原因来解释：由于他们一生都在使用多种语言，其神经通路中形成了长期的积淀)”和下文“Older adults who are bilingual may enhance cognitive reserve, thus reducing the additional benefits gained from exercise(会说两种语言的老年人可能增强了自身的认知储备，因此减少了从运动中获得的额外益处)”可知，他们已经拥有了一种认知储备，这种储备在一定程度上抵消了与年龄相关的认知损失。由此可知，offset意为“抵消，平衡”。故选D。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the study establishes a clear link between physical fitness and language processing, follow-up research is needed to explore the broader benefits of physical activity for cognitive development. Also, further research will focus on the lasting influence of exercise on cognitive health among other age groups, which may provide much better solutions to age-related language loss.(虽然这项研究确立了身体健康和语言处理之间的明确联系，但还需要后续研究来探索体育活动对认知发展的更广泛益处。此外，进一步的研究将集中在运动对其他年龄组认知健康的持久影响上，这可能为与年龄相关的语言丧失提供更好的解决方案。)”可知，进一步的研究最有可能关注运动对认知发展的额外好处。故选C。 D篇 What Is A Sand Battery? Generally, when one pictures a battery, one imagines the lithium battery (锂电池) in various high-tech forms. Yet in 2022, Polar Night Energy launched the world’s first commercial sand battery, capable of storing 500-600℃ in heat energy for months. With the environmental concern of mining for lithium batteries, investors and companies are looking for alternatives, and sand batteries are one of them. The concept for a sand battery is simple: storing large amounts of heat in sand or sand-like materials for later use. The advantage of sand is its ability to store large amounts of heat in a small volume, its large quantity, and its low cost. Sand batteries serve as storage for spare wind and solar power and extra energy when demand is low. They can provide heated water as well as heated air to homes and industries that would otherwise use fossil fuels. The heat can also be changed back to electricity using a steam turbine (蒸气涡轮). This technique dates back centuries. Ancient Egyptian homes were made of sand mixed with mud and straw that would keep the heat of the hot desert sun and then release it slowly during the cool nights. Many native Americans used mud to build houses for the same reason. They would also store heat from campfires in rocks wrapped (包裹) in leather skin and use these rocks for heating their beds at night. This ancient wisdom can now be applied to modern solutions through sand batteries. Now, Polar Night Energy, working with the heating company Lovisan Lämpð, will launch a sand battery 10 times the size and capable of storing up to100megawatts hour of heat. This battery will eliminate the need for oil-based energy for the entire town of Pornainen, Finland, and keep 160 tonnes of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere annually. According to the Washington Post, more than $900 million has been invested in clean storage technologies in the past three years, a number that is expected to reach $3 trillion by 2040. This money is being directed towards various small companies that are investigating natural batteries. There are challenges to overcome before this technology can be adopted widely. It remains to be seen whether natural batteries can be a steady source of energy. Furthermore, because it’s an emerging industry, natural battery projects will need to be built from scratch, meaning only developed countries can afford to use them. Despite this, sand and other natural battery solutions are an exciting step forward towards a green future. 22. The idea of sand batteries is ________. A. to process fossil fuels for industries B. to change solar energy into electricity C. to store energy in special materials as heat D. to generate wind energy when it is necessary 23. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A. The advantages of sand batteries. B. The inspiration of sand batteries. C. The application of sand batteries. D. The development of sand batteries. 24. What does the word “eliminate” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Meet. B. Remove. C. Create. D. Ignore. 25. What can we learn about sand batteries? A. They are a high-tech form of lithium battery. B. They can be widely used across the world soon. C. They are a steady source of energy for a green future. D. They can provide heat and power for homes or industries. 【答案】22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是沙电池、其原理以及优势等情况。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The concept for a sand battery is simple: storing large amounts of heat in sand or sand-like materials for later use.(沙电池的概念很简单：将大量热量储存在沙子或类似沙子的材料中以备后用)”可知，沙电池的理念是将能量以热量的形式储存在特殊材料中。故选C。 【23题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“This technique dates back centuries. Ancient Egyptian homes were made of sand mixed with mud and straw that would keep the heat of the hot desert sun and then release it slowly during the cool nights. Many native Americans used mud to build houses for the same reason. They would also store heat from campfires in rocks wrapped (包裹) in leather skin and use these rocks for heating their beds at night. This ancient wisdom can now be applied to modern solutions through sand batteries.(这种技术可以追溯到几个世纪以前。古埃及人的房子是用沙子、泥土和稻草混合而成的，这样可以抵挡沙漠里炙热的太阳，然后在凉爽的夜晚慢慢释放热量。出于同样的原因，许多印第安人用泥土盖房子。他们还将篝火的热量储存在包裹在皮革中的岩石中，并在晚上使用这些岩石为他们的床加热。这种古老的智慧现在可以通过沙电池应用于现代解决方案)”可知，第四段的主旨是沙子电池的灵感。故选B。 【24题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Now, Polar Night Energy, working with the heating company Lovisan Lämpð, will launch a sand battery 10 times the size and capable of storing up to100megawatts hour of heat.(现在，极地之夜能源公司与供暖公司Lovisan Lämpð合作，将推出一种沙子电池，其尺寸是原来的10倍，能够储存高达100兆瓦时的热量)”以及划线词后文“the need for oil-based energy for the entire town of Pornainen, Finland, and keep 160 tonnes of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere annually”可知，建立巨大的沙子电池是为了去除芬兰Pornainen镇对石油能源的需求，并每年减少160吨二氧化碳的排放。故划线词意思是“去除”。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They can provide heated water as well as heated air to homes and industries that would otherwise use fossil fuels.(它们可以为家庭和工业提供热水和加热空气，否则这些家庭和工业将使用化石燃料)”可知，沙电池可以为家庭或工业提供热量和电力。故选D。 第二节 七选五（共5小题，共10分） 阅读短文，从短文后的七个选项中选出最佳选项填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。 We live in a culture addicted to winning. The spotlight shines brightest on the people who reach the finish line first, while those who come close slip into the shadows. ____26____ The inventor who had the right idea at the wrong time. The poet whose words only mattered long after they were gone. They seldom make headlines, but their efforts change the world in ways we only notice later. The truth is that the “almosts” aren’t failures. Sometimes they push society forward more than the celebrated victims. Nikola Tesla is remembered today as a genius (天才), but during his lifetime, he was largely overshadowed by Thomas Edison. Emily Dickinson’s case is quieter but no less surprising. ____27____ Only later would her simple yet powerful words change American poetry. Or take Katherine Johnson, whose math made spaceflight possible though her work went unmentioned for decades. ____28____ When we honor the “almosts”, we change what success means beyond headlines. Winning becomes about the courage to try, fall, and continue. ____29____ Or the small business that fails, only for its owners to learn and build something more resilient (坚韧的). Even in art, those uncelebrated in their time often touch souls for future generations. The beauty of the “almost” is that it reminds us success is about daring to set out first. There’s something deeply human about the “almosts”. They remind us effort is valuable even without recognition. ____30____ Their stories belong to all of us because most of us are “almosts” in some part of our lives. Few take first place. Yet we matter. A. The truth lies in history. B. But what about the “almosts”? C. That struggle itself has meaning. D. Her “almost” wasn’t a failure at that time. E. Think of the silver runner who returns stronger, inspired by that close loss. F. These stories remind us not getting recognition doesn’t mean making no difference. G. Nearly all her poems sat in a drawer while she lived, considered strange or unfinished. 【答案】26. B 27. G 28. F 29. E 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍那些“差一点就成功的人”并非失败者，他们的努力虽鲜少被关注，却推动社会发展，呼吁尊重这类人的价值。 【26题详解】 根据上文“The spotlight shines brightest on the people who reach the finish line first, while those who come close slip into the shadows.(聚光灯总是最亮地照耀着第一个冲过终点线的人，而那些差一点就成功的人却渐渐淡出人们的视线)”以及下文“The inventor who had the right idea at the wrong time. The poet whose words only mattered long after they were gone.(那个在错误的时间有了正确想法的发明家。那个在死后其文字才彰显价值的诗人)”可知，此处应承接上文的 “差一点就成功的人”，引出下文对这类人的举例，B选项“But what about the “almosts”?(但是那些“差一点就成功的人”呢？)”既呼应上文those who come close，又以设问引出下文内容，符合语境。故选B项。 【27题详解】 根据上文“Emily Dickinson’s case is quieter but no less surprising.(艾米莉・狄金森的情况虽不那么引人注目，但同样令人惊讶)”以及下文“Only later would her simple yet powerful words change American poetry.(直到后来，她那些简洁却有力的文字才改变了美国诗歌)”可知，此处应具体说明艾米莉“差一点就成功”的情况，G选项“Nearly all her poems sat in a drawer while she lived, considered strange or unfinished.(她生前几乎所有的诗歌都放在抽屉里，被认为是奇怪的或未完成的)”中的her指代上文 Emily Dickinson，sat in a drawer、considered strange or unfinished与下文only later相呼应，体现其当时未被认可、差一点就被埋没的状态，符合语境。故选G项。 【28题详解】 根据上文列举Nikola Tesla、Emily Dickinson和Katherine Johnson的故事可知，此处应总结这些人的事例所传递的道理，F选项“These stories remind us not getting recognition doesn’t mean making no difference.(这些故事提醒我们，没有得到认可并不意味着没有产生影响)”中的These stories指代上文特斯拉、狄金森和约翰逊的事例，not getting recognition呼应三人的经历，符合语境。故选F项。 【29题详解】 根据上文“When we honor the “almosts”, we change what success means beyond headlines. Winning becomes about the courage to try, fall, and continue.(当我们尊重那些“差一点就成功的人”时，我们就改变了头条新闻之外的成功含义。成功变成了敢于尝试、跌倒后继续前行的勇气)”以及下文“Or the small business that fails, only for its owners to learn and build something more resilient.(或者那个失败的小企业，其所有者从中吸取教训，建立起更坚韧的事业)”可知，此处应举例说明“差一点就成功”后继续前行的情况，E选项“Think of the silver runner who returns stronger, inspired by that close loss.(想想那位银牌选手，在那次惜败的激励下，以更强的姿态回归)”中的silver runner、close loss对应almosts，returns stronger呼应上文courage to try, fall, and continue，与下文举例句式一致，符合语境。故选E项。 【30题详解】 根据上文“They remind us effort is valuable even without recognition.(他们提醒我们，即使没有得到认可，努力也是有价值的)”以及下文“Their stories belong to all of us because most of us are “almosts” in some part of our lives.(他们的故事属于我们所有人，因为我们大多数人在生活的某些方面都是“差一点就成功的人”)”可知，此处应进一步说明这种努力和挣扎的意义，C选项“That struggle itself has meaning.(那种挣扎本身就有意义)”中的That struggle指代上文effort，has meaning承接上文valuable，衔接下文对这类人事迹普遍性的阐述，符合语境。故选C项。 第二卷 用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空。 contribution, comfortable, prefer, complain, endanger, drop out, associate with 31. Decorating houses is largely a matter of personal ________. 32. People living in big cities ________ because traffic in the area has increased and there are not enough parking places. 33. When my family were busily preparing dinner, my grandpa was sitting ________ in the sofa watching TV. 34. People taking part in the running competition got smaller as members moved away or ________. 35. Many volunteers set up some organizations to preserve ________ species from extinction. 36. I ________ a few of my middle school friends a lot when I was in college. 37. The great scientist ________ most of his time to the medical career during the his whole life. 【答案】31. preference 32. are complaining 33. comfortably 34. dropped out 35. endangered 36. associated with 37. contributed 【解析】 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：装修房子很大程度上是个人喜好问题。形容词personal后接名词，prefer的名词形式为preference，表示“偏好”，personal preference是固定搭配，意为“个人喜好”。 【32题详解】 考查动词。句意：住在大城市的人们正在抱怨，因为该地区交通量增加，停车位不足。根据“because traffic in the area has increased and there are not enough parking places.”可知，为动词complain，意为“抱怨”，本句强调当下正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，主语People为复数，用are complaining。 【33题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我的家人忙着准备晚餐时，爷爷舒服地坐在沙发上看电视。此处修饰动词sitting要用副词，comfortable的副词形式为comfortably，意为“舒服地”，符合语境。 【34题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：随着成员离开或者退出，参加跑步比赛的人越来越少。根据“as members moved away or”可知，为动词短语drop out，表示“退出”，or连接并列谓语，时态与moved away需保持一致，用一般过去时dropped out。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多志愿者建立组织保护濒危物种免于灭绝。此处修饰名词species要用形容词，endanger的形容词形式为endangered，表示“濒临灭绝的”，endangered species是固定搭配，意为“濒危物种”。 【36题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：上大学时，我常和几位中学好友来往。根据“a few of my middle school friends”可知，此处为固定短语associate with，意为“与……交往”，主句时态与从句was保持一致，用一般过去时associated with。 【37题详解】 考查动词。句意：这位伟大的科学家一生把大部分时间奉献给医疗事业。根据“most of his time to the medical career”可知，为名词contribution，意为“贡献”，此处作谓语，用contribution的动词形式contribute，contribute…to…是固定搭配，意为“把……奉献于……”，句子描述科学家毕生发生的事，用一般过去时contributed。 二、根据句子意思或括号里的提示进行语法填空。（共8道题，共8分） 38. By the time the guests arrived at the birthday party, the whole streets ________ (serve) delicious food for half an hour. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had served 【解析】 【详解】句意：在客人们到达生日派对的时候，整条街道已经供应美食半小时了。By the time引导时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句使用过去完成时，空处需填had served。 39. I ________ (walk) in the street, when Jim made me a telephone call.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was walking 【解析】 【详解】句意：我正在街上走着，这时吉姆给我打了个电话。此处为固定句型： be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，结合made可知应用过去进行时，主语是I，be用was。 40. You can learn English well by ________ (memorize) new vocabulary and reading passages.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】memorizing 【解析】 【详解】句意：你可以通过记忆新词汇和阅读文章学好英语。by是介词，其后接提示词的动名词形式memorizing作宾语。 41. Now I regret ________ (be) rude to my parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being 【解析】 【详解】句意：现在我后悔对父母无礼。固定搭配regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过的事”，此处表达后悔之前对父母粗鲁的行为，故用动名词形式being。 42. She went to ________ European university to study art. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【解析】 【详解】句意：她去了一所欧洲大学学习艺术。European以辅音音素开头，此处表示一所欧洲大学，是泛指，故填不定冠词a。 43. Dorothy was always saying some dirty words, ________ of course made the others very angry.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】句意：Dorothy总说一些脏话，这当然让其他人非常生气。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句所述的那件事，且从句缺主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。 44. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in the countryside with my grandparents.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】句意：这部电影让我回想起在乡下和爷爷奶奶一起被悉心照料的那段时光。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the hours，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导从句。 45. Is that the reason ________ you are not in favor of my proposal? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【解析】 【详解】句意：那就是你不赞成我的提议的原因吗？空格后为修饰reason的定语从句。从句“you are not in favor of my proposal”结构完整，不缺少主语或宾语，且先行词reason表示原因，在从句中作原因状语，故用关系副词why引导该定语从句。 三、根据提示翻译句子。（共6道题，其中66-70每题2分，71题3分，共13分） 46. 这次活动旨在减少压力与紧张的影响。（aim to）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】This activity aims to reduce the effects of stress and tension. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“这次活动”表达为this activity，谓语“旨在……”用aim to do，主语是第三人称单数，aim用单数形式aims，“减少压力与紧张的影响”表达为reduce the effects of stress and tension，其中介词短语of stress and tension作后置定语修饰effects。 47. 我代表学生会写信，邀请您来担任我们英语演讲比赛的评委。（on behalf of） （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】I’m writing on behalf of the Students’ Union to invite you to work as a judge for our English-speaking contest. 【解析】 【详解】主语“我”译为代词I；谓语“写信”用动词write，句子描述当前正在进行的动作，用现在进行时态am writing；方式状语“代表学生会”译为介词短语on behalf of the Students’ Union；“邀请你担任我们英语演讲比赛的评委”作目的状语，译为动词不定式短语to invite you to work as a judge for our English-speaking contest，其中不定式短语to work as a judge for our English-speaking contest作宾语补足语。 48. 我们年轻人都应该为世界的未来作出贡献。（contribute to）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】We young people should all contribute to the future of the world. 【解析】 【详解】主语“我们年轻人”用we young people，young people是we的同位语，“应该”用情态动词should，“为……做贡献”用动词短语contribute to，“世界的未来”表达为the future of the world，表示“都”用all，置于情态动词should之后。 49. 我花了很多时间说服他改掉抽烟的坏习惯。（convince somebody to do something）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】I spent a lot of time convincing him to get rid of his bad habit of smoking. 【解析】 【详解】“花很多时间”表达为spend a lot of time；“说服某人做某事”需使用提示短语convince somebody to do something；“改掉”表达为get rid of；“抽烟的坏习惯”表达为his bad habit of smoking。本句描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，spend用过去式spent，固定结构spend time (in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，所以convince变为convincing。 50. 他在学习上的努力使他和其他的学生截然不同。（set... apart from）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】His efforts in study set him apart from other students. 【解析】 【详解】“他在学习上的努力”表达为his efforts in study；提示短语set... apart from表示“使……与……截然不同”，“使他和其他的学生截然不同”表达为set him apart from other students。本句表达客观事实，用一般现在时，主语his efforts为复数，谓语set用原形。 51. 虽然他学习英语有很大困难，但他从未失去信心或放弃。（have difficulty in doing）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although he had great difficulty in learning English, he never lost heart or gave up. 【解析】 【详解】“虽然”表达为连词although，引导让步状语从句；“他”表达为代词he，作从句主语；“有……困难”表达为固定短语have difficulty in doing sth.，结合句意可知，此句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时had；“很大”表达为形容词great，作difficulty的定语；“学习英语”表达为动名词短语learning English，作in的宾语；“但他从未失去信心或放弃”为主句，“但”由although引导，主句中不再使用but；“他”表达为代词he，作主句主语；“失去信心”表达为动词短语lose heart，结合“从未”以及句意可知，用一般过去时lost；“或”表达为并列连词or，连接两个并列的谓语动词；“放弃”表达为动词短语give up，结合语境用一般过去时gave up。 72. 书面表达 52. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华，请你写一封信给你的外教老师Jim，邀请他来参加下周五学校组织的运动会。 内容包括： 1. 运动会召开的目的、时间、地点； 2. 运动会的项目和活动内容； 3. 你的感受和收获。 注意：1．字数100左右。2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总字数。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Dear Jim, I’m writing to sincerely invite you to take part in our school sports meeting next Friday. The sports meeting is held to encourage us students to build up our bodies and develop team spirit. It will take place on our school playground. There are various events, such as running races, high jump and relay races, which are designed to test students’ physical strength and teamwork. I really enjoy the sports meeting. Not only can I exercise, but I also learn to cooperate with my classmates. We would be delighted if you could come. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生给外教老师Jim写一封邀请信，邀请他参加下周五学校举办的运动会。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 参加：take part in → participate in / engage in 举办：hold → host 各种各样的：various → diverse / multiple 合作：cooperate → collaborate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to sincerely invite you to take part in our school sports meeting next Friday. 拓展句：I’m writing to let you know that I sincerely invite you to take part in our school sports meeting next Friday. 【点睛】【高分句型1】There are various events, such as running races, high jump and relay races, which are designed to test students' physical strength and teamwork.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】 Not only can I exercise, but I also learn to cooperate with my classmates. (运用了Not only... but also...连接两个分句，且Not only置于句首引起部分倒装) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $