精品解析：上海师范大学附属中学2026-2027学年高二上学期11月阶段检测英语试题

26学年上海师范大学附属中学第一学期高二英语阶段试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang. Her passion for Dunhuang ____1____ (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who ____2____ (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long ____3____ he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. ____4____ (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, ____5____ is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped ____6____ (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. Chang Shana made copies of the murals ____7____ the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and ____8____ the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career. Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs ____9____ (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work ____10____ (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on. 【答案】1. was inspired 2. had won 3. before 4. Having traveled##Having travelled 5. which 6. funding 7. under 8. how 9. based 10. to make 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国著名艺术家常沙娜与其父亲常书鸿毕生致力于敦煌艺术的保护与传承的故事。 【1题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：她对敦煌的热爱受到父亲常书鸿的启发，常书鸿常被称为引入敦煌艺术的先驱。主语Her passion与inspire之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，故填was inspired。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：1943年，她的父亲当时还是一位在法国赢得过多枚奖牌的有前途的艺术家，在阅读了有关敦煌洞窟艺术的文章后，决心为敦煌做出贡献。根据时间状语In 1943以及语境可知，win这一动作发生在made up his mind之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had won。 【3题详解】 考查连词。句意：没过多久，他就搬到了中国西北甘肃省的一个偏远县城敦煌。It wasn’t long before...是固定句型，表示“没过多久就……”。故填before。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：1943年秋天，这家人沿着崎岖的道路走了整整一个月，到达了尘土飞扬却令人兴奋的敦煌莫高窟。travel在句中作非谓语动词，travel这一动作发生在arrived之前，且与主语the family之间是主动关系，应用现在分词的完成式作状语。故填Having travel(l)ed。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：1944年，常书鸿创办了敦煌艺术研究所，即现在的敦煌研究院。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Dunhuang Art Institute，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，战争期间，政府停止了对敦煌艺术研究院的资助。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填funding。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：常沙娜在父亲、研究所的研究人员和来访艺术家的指导下临摹壁画。under the guidance of...是固定短语，表示“在……的指导下”。故填under。 【8题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她了解了很多关于壁画的知识，以及壁画的风格是如何演变的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how引导该宾语从句。故填how。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：常完成了许多基于敦煌壁画的关键设计，包括人民大会堂的天花板。base在句中作定语，be based on表示“以……为基础”，所以空处应用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰designs。故填based。 【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她现在正与一个电子商务平台合作推广她的作品，以确保这门千年艺术得以延续。make在句中作非谓语动词，此处表目的，应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to make。 2. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tempting B. developing C. permanent D. marketed E. control F. rapidly G. required H. present I. addicted J. entirely K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is ___11___ as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of ___12___ flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), ___13___ in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is ___14___. More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once ___15___, people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still ___16___. Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion ___17___. People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is ___18___ to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to ___19___ the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette ____20____. If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. H 14. C 15. I 16. B 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. J 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍电子烟的流行原因，驳斥其安全的误区，指出其含重金属、有害化学物质与尼古丁，会损伤肺部、成瘾并危害青少年大脑，呼吁及时戒除。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：它被宣传为一种替代香烟的烟草产品。根据“as an alternative smoking tobacco”以及句意“宣传”可知应填动词market，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文is可知为一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：电子烟所用的液体有数百种诱人的口味，比如芒果味、草莓奶油味等等。根据“such as mango, or strawberries and cream”以及句意“诱人的”可知应填形容词tempting，修饰名词flavors。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：许多电子烟液中都含有化学物质二乙酰，它会导致“爆米花肺”病症，从而使人呼吸困难。根据“in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult”以及句意“含有”可知应填形容词present，作定语。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这种损害是永久性的。根据“The condition has no cure.”以及句意“永久性的”可知应填形容词permanent，作表语。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一旦上瘾，人们就会发现很难停止使用它。根据“people find it difficult to quit using it”以及句意“上瘾”可知应填形容词addicted，作状语。故选I。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：青少年对尼古丁上瘾的可能性比成年人更高，这是因为青少年的大脑仍在发育之中。根据“The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager's brain is still”以及句意“发育”可知应填动词develop，结合is可知为现在进行时。故选B。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：尼古丁会影响青少年集中注意力的时间、学习能力以及情绪控制能力。根据“Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion”以及句意“控制”可知应填名词control，作宾语，故选E。 【18题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：随着时间的推移，要让他们感到满意，所需的尼古丁越来越多。根据“Over time more and more”以及句意“需要”可知应填动词require，和主语more and more（指尼古丁）为被动关系，空处用过去分词required构成一般现在时的被动语态，故选G。 【19题详解】 考查动词。句意：不要仅仅打算减少每天吸电子烟的次数。根据“the number of times you vape each day”以及句意“减少”可知应填动词decrease，此处为不定式作宾语。故选K。 【20题详解】 考查副词。句意：现在是彻底戒掉电子烟的时候了。根据“Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette”以及句意“彻底”可知应填副词entirely，修饰动词drop。故选J。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Adventure travelers used to represent a small group of brave travelers willing to go to nearly any extreme in pursuit of an extraordinary trip. But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement. “Frontier tourism,” as it has been called, is rapidly gaining popularity with the ordinary vacation enthusiast — and this ____21____ dynamic is not without risk for both the planet and the traveler. As unbelievable as it may seem, space travel is generating widespread ____22____. While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health ____23____ to consider. “The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and ____24____ gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also ____25____ space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer. Another aspect of frontier tourism involves exploring environments on this planet that remain largely ____26____ by modernization. However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems. The ultimate hiking goal, climbing Mount Qomolangma, provides a vivid ____27____ of this. Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years. The ____28____ mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp. Farther up the mountain, beyond base camp, another 50 tons of waste are left by travelers seeking to make it to the mountain’s peak. Frontier tourism is also having a harmful impact on ____29____ destinations such as Antarctica. The ____30____ of these fantastic locations is the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰川) and diverse wildlife, particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers and makes ____31____ ever more difficult for the region’s wildlife. What’s worse, it’s a severe ____32____. The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further. According to the International Union for Conservation for Nature (IUCN), ____33____ regulations are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts. The IUCN report goes on to stress that growing tourism ____34____ are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors. So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue ____35____? Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.” 21. A. enduring B. emerging C. intervening D. competing 22. A. panic B. adoption C. perception D. appeal 23. A. benefits B. consequences C. treatments D. experiments 24. A. altered B. artificial C. specific D. intense 25. A. prohibited by B. protected against C. exposed to D. excluded from 26. A. influenced B. dominated C. uninsured D. untouched 27. A. example B. memory C. contrast D. symbol 28. A. overlooked B. underpopulated C. overcrowded D. underestimated 29. A. jammed B. nasty C. potential D. delicate 30. A. draw B. flexibility C. anchor D. practicability 31. A. feeding B. breathing C. survival D. restoration 32. A. cycle B. format C. forecast D. complication 33. A. strict B. existing C. global D. proposed 34. A. facilities B. arrivals C. destinations D. boosters 35. A. unnoticed B. unchanged C. unchecked D. undamaged 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了前沿旅游越来越受欢迎，但这种新兴动态对地球和旅行者都存在风险。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所谓的“前沿旅游”正迅速受到普通度假爱好者的欢迎，这种新兴的动态对地球和旅行者来说并非没有风险。A. enduring持久的；B. emerging新兴的；C. intervening发生于其间的，介于中间的；D. competing竞争的，相互抵触的。根据前文“But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement.”可知，这是一种新兴的动态。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管令人难以置信，太空旅行正产生广泛的吸引力。A. panic恐慌；B. adoption采用；C. perception感知；D. appeal吸引力。根据后文“While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health ____ to consider.”可知，此处表示太空旅行是有吸引力的。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然太空飞行肯定令人难忘，但也有一些健康问题需要考虑。A. benefits好处；B. consequences后果；C. treatments治疗；D. experiments实验。根据后文““The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and ____ gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also ____ 10 space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer.”可知，太空飞行有健康问题需要考虑。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一位专家说：“非凡的经历伴随着辐射和改变的重力的严重影响。”A. altered改变，更改；B. artificial人工的；C. specific具体的；D. intense强烈的。根据后文“The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body”以及常识可知，去往太空，重力会发生改变。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：太空游客也会暴露在太空射线中，这会损害细胞和DNA，增加患眼病和癌症的风险。A. prohibited by被禁止；B. protected against被保护免受；C. exposed to暴露于；D. excluded from被排除在外。根据后文“which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer”可知，太空游客暴露在太空射线中，对游客的身体造成损伤。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：前沿旅游的另一个方面是探索这个星球上基本上未受现代化影响的环境。A. influenced影响；B. dominated支配；C. uninsured未投保的；D. untouched未受影响的。根据后文“However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems.”可知，探索的是未受现代化影响的地方。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰，这一终极徒步目标，为此提供了一个生动的例子。A. example例子；B. memory记忆；C. contrast对比；D. symbol象征。根据后文“Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years.”可知，此处将攀登珠穆朗玛峰作为一个生动的例子。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这座拥挤的山峰每个季节在其大本营都会留下约75吨垃圾。A. overlooked被忽视的；B. underpopulated人口稀少的；C. overcrowded拥挤的；D. underestimated被低估的。根据上文“Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years.”以及后文“mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp”可推知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人很多，所以此处表示这座山峰很拥挤。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前沿旅游也对南极洲等脆弱的目的地产生了有害影响。A. jammed堵塞的；B. nasty令人厌恶的；C. potential潜在的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据后文“particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers”可知，南极洲等目的地是很脆弱的。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些奇妙地点的吸引力是有机会看到令人叹为观止的冰川和多样的野生动物，特别是随着地球迅速变暖，这些冰川正在被破坏，该地区的野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。A. draw吸引力；B. flexibility灵活性；C. anchor锚；D. practicability实用性。根据后文“the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰山) and diverse wildlife”可知，有机会看到冰川和多样的野生动物，这是这些地点的吸引力。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些奇妙地点的吸引力是有机会看到令人叹为观止的冰川和多样的野生动物，特别是随着地球迅速变暖，这些冰川正在被破坏，该地区的野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。A. feeding喂养；B. breathing呼吸；C. survival生存；D. restoration恢复。根据前文“as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers”可知，野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟的是，这是一个恶性循环。A. cycle循环；B. format格式；C. forecast预测；D. complication复杂问题。根据后文“The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further.”可知，游客增多加剧变暖，形成恶性循环。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的说法，现有的法规不足以保护环境免受旅游业的影响。A. strict严格的；B. existing现有的；C. global全球的；D. proposed被提议的。根据后文“are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts”可知，现有的法规不足，所以不足以保护环境。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际自然保护联盟的报告还强调，越来越多的游客抵达正在导致企鹅物种改变它们的繁殖和社交行为。A. facilities设施；B. arrivals抵达；C. destinations目的地；D. boosters助推器。根据后文“are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors”以及语境可知，游客去南极洲旅游，是游客的抵达导致企鹅物种改变它们的繁殖和社交行为。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，前沿旅游是一种可能会继续不受约束地发展下去的趋势吗？A. unnoticed未被注意到的；B. unchanged未改变的；C. unchecked不受约束的；D. undamaged未受损的。根据后文“Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.””可知，此处在提出问题，前沿旅游是否会不受约束地发展下去。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A tall, artistic structure called Vessel stands at the heart of Hudson Yards, a real-estate development in New York City that includes offices, residences and stores. Hudson Yards is currently the largest private development in the U.S. and is built over the top of an active rail yard. Vessel is a network of staircases and platforms that offers views of New York City from a variety of perspectives. The structure is meant to be a meeting point at the center of the area as well as an attraction for tourists. It won’t be called Vessel for long, however. There will soon be a competition to choose a permanent title. The structure is currently called “Vessel” because of its shape: narrow at its base and then expanding up and out. To get to the structure’s highest point on foot, visitors must climb 2,500 steps and cross 80 platforms. According to the developer, it’s a one-mile climb. To explore Vessel, visitors need free tickets that allow them to enter the structure at a set time of the day. The purpose of the set times on the tickets is to keep the number of people on Vessel within a safe limit at all times. Since Vessel opened to the public, it has been applauded by some visitors and criticized by others. Some have made fun of its shape, comparing it to a pineapple or waste paper basket. Others have criticized its lack of benches. Since resting on the stairs is not allowed, there is no place to sit. Despite these issues, Vessel attracts many locals and tourists every day. 36. What information about Vessel does this article provide? A. Its estimated weight. B. Its grand opening date. C. The attractive lighting. D. The distance to the top. 37. What is true about the structure’s current, official name? A. It's universally praised. B. It's only temporary. C. It's been copied elsewhere. D. Its meaning is unknown. 38. According to the article, why are tickets only available for set times? A. To encourage people to stay on Vessel longer. B. To increase the amount of income earned by Vessel. C. To prevent Vessel from becoming too crowded. D. To keep littering on Vessel to the absolute minimum. 39. What does the article imply about people who visit Vessel? A. Their opinions about it vary quite a bit. B. Their primary interest lies in shopping. C. They're all asked to pay a small entrance fee. D. They return to it on multiple occasions. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了纽约哈德逊城市广场的地标建筑Vessel的外形构造、命名现状、参观规则以及公众对它的不同评价。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To get to the structure's highest point on foot, visitors must climb 2,500 steps and cross 80 platforms. According to the developer, it's a one-mile climb.(要步行到达该建筑的最高点，游客必须攀爬2500级台阶，走过80个平台。据开发商称，这是一段一英里的攀爬路程。)”可知，文章明确给出了登顶的攀爬距离相关信息。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It won’t be called Vessel for long, however. There will soon be a competition to choose a permanent title.(不过，Vessel这个名字不会沿用太久。很快将举办一场评选活动来确定一个永久名称。)”可知，该建筑目前的官方名称只是临时性的，后续会更换为永久名称。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The purpose of the set times on the tickets is to keep the number of people on Vessel within a safe limit at all times.(门票设定固定入场时段的目的，是让Vessel上的人数始终保持在安全限值以内。)”可知，分时段售票是为了管控人流，避免建筑内过于拥挤。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Since Vessel opened to the public, it has been applauded by some visitors and criticized by others.(自Vessel对公众开放以来，部分游客对其称赞有加，也有部分游客对其提出批评。)”可知，游客对这座建筑褒贬不一。由此可推断，人们对它的看法差异很大。 (B) From: Hiro Katana <hirokboss@email.com> To: Rachel Baines <Rachel. baines@email.com> Re: Shhh... Date: December 10, 2025 Hi Rachel, We have to start planning for Jan’s surprise party. It’s about a month away and we have barely got anything organized! I started a list and just gave people jobs. I only included people I’ve talked to, and I don’t know if you’ve talked to anyone else. Please feel free to add to the to-do list!! - Venue: Wendy said she has some connections. - Date: We said January 20th? Is that decided? Does Marty know this so he can make sure Jan is free that day? - Food: Hilary &Matt — decide on appetizers, or a sit-down meal? Dessert table? Or just a cake? - Entertainment: Jess — figure out whether to hire a band or a DJ? Or should we just play our own music? - Ticket prices: Rachel & Hiro decide on admission price to cover costs. - Invitations: Rachel & Hiro — figure out who to invite!!! Send out a “Save-the-Date” by December 15. Am I missing anything else? I feel like I’m forgetting something. Is it too luxury? Maybe we should make an alternate plan in case people don’t want to pay to go to a birthday party. Let me know! Hiro 40. What can be said about Hiro? A. He’s someone who has low self-respect. B. He’s someone who tries to show off. C. He’s someone who takes charge. D. He’s someone who wants to get attention. 41. Why is Hiro emailing Rachel? A. She is the co-organizer. B. She is Jan’s mother. C. She knows a lot of people. D. She has a lot of time. 42. What is Hiro concerned about? A. The party might not be ready in time. B. The party is too over the top. C. No one will be available for the party. D. No one will help him with the party. 【答案】40. C 41. A 42. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Hiro给Rachel发邮件商议为Jan举办惊喜派对的相关事宜。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据邮件中第一段“We have to start planning for Jan’s surprise party. It’s about a month away and we have barely got anything organized! I started a list and just gave people jobs.(我们得开始为Jan的惊喜派对做计划了。还有一个月左右，我们几乎还没组织好任何事情！我列了一个清单，给人们分配了任务)”可知，Hiro已经开始为派对做计划并给人们分配任务，Hiro是个爱管事、负责的人。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据邮件中“Ticket prices: Rachel & Hiro decide on admission price to cover costs. Invitations: Rachel & Hiro — figure out who to invite!!! Send out a ‘Save-the-Date’ by December 15.(票价：Rachel和Hiro决定入场价格以覆盖成本。邀请：Rachel和Hiro——确定邀请谁！！！在12月15日前发送“预留日期”)”可知， 在票价和邀请等事项上都需要Rachel和Hiro共同决定和处理，Rachel是派对的共同组织者。故选A。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据邮件中最后一段“Is it too luxury? Maybe we should make an alternate plan in case people don’t want to pay to go to a birthday party.(是不是太奢侈了？也许我们应该制定一个备用计划，以防人们不想花钱去参加生日派对)”可知， Hiro担心派对过于奢华，人们可能不愿意付钱参加，即Hiro担心派对过于铺张。故选B。 (C) Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. Understanding this dynamic can give you an edge in your own area of excellence, and enhance your life generally. To be great at what you do, take a chance on failing at something else. Trying to do something but coming up short is not fun. Take up skiing as an adult, and you will almost certainly be frustrated as you fall down over and over. The reason why we hate being bad at things and failing is because when goal-directed activity is blocked, that stimulates our dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which is part of the brain’s pain system. This is the same region affected when we experience social rejection. This kind of mental pain does, however, have an evolved benefit — creating the motivation to succeed, if not at the activity at hand then at some other one. This motivation effect is detectable in plenty of areas, like in business activities. As a group of psychologists reported when employees are frustrated by their relative incompetence at one task, they tend to be motivated to show more competence for something they’re already better at. Perhaps you can relate to this finding when, pushed to perform outside your comfort zone at work, you discovered that you had greater motivation in your regular job afterward. The mental pain of failure can also stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack competence — if you can reframe the negative experience as an indicator of personal growth. This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvisation (即兴表演) club. One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness. The scholars found that compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction, the first group was more engaged in the exercise. Instead of seeing the discomfort as something to avoid, they saw it as central to the process and accepted it. Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the future. Scholars have shown that thinking through something you have done poorly in this intentionally corrective way can lead to learning and improvement as opposed to frustration and embarrassment. It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. This has implications for how to improve ordinary life. 43. According to the passage, if employees feel frustrated after failing a new project, they might ______. A. attempt to seek discomfort in other work activities B. experience serious social rejection from colleagues C. become more motivated to excel in their regular work D. quit the job to avoid further frustration from new tasks 44. What is a key requirement for failure to help improve poor skills? A. Avoiding feelings of discomfort associated with failure. B. Using the frustration to boost performance in another area. C. Developing a strong desire to master the target skill quickly. D. Interpreting the setback as an opportunity for self-improvement. 45. What does “action rumination” in para. 5 most probably refer to? A. Accepting the discomfort caused by failure. B. Seeking help from others to correct missteps. C. Reflecting on mistakes and finding solutions. D. Adjusting goals when facing repeated failures. 46. The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to ______. A. argue that failure is inevitable in daily life and advise readers to avoid its mental pain B. illustrate the positive values of failure in unfamiliar areas and persuade readers to accept it C. compare different ways to handle failure and highlight the effectiveness of action rumination D. analyze the psychological mechanism behind people’s fear of failure and its evolutionary origin 【答案】43. C 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在不擅长的事情上失败的价值，指出失败虽然会带来心理上的痛苦，但可以激励人们在擅长的领域做得更好，或帮助人们学习新技能，并提供了如何将失败转化为进步的方法。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a group of psychologists reported when employees are frustrated by their relative incompetence at one task, they tend to be motivated to show more competence for something they’re already better at. (正如一组心理学家报告的那样，当员工因某项任务上的相对无能而感到沮丧时，他们往往会更有动力在他们已经更擅长的方面展现出更强的能力。)”可知，如果员工在一个新项目上失败后感到沮丧，他们可能会变得更有动力在自己的常规工作中表现出色。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The mental pain of failure can also stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack competence — if you can reframe the negative experience as an indicator of personal growth. (失败带来的心理痛苦也可以激励你在自己能力不足的活动中做得更好——如果你能将这种负面经历重新定义为个人成长的标志。)”可知，失败帮助提升薄弱技能的一个关键要求是将挫折视为自我提升的机会。故选D项。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the future. (另一种将失败带来的不适转化为进步源泉的有效方法是心理学家所说的action rumination。它以任务为中心，涉及重温一个人所犯的具体错误以及未来如何纠正这些错误。)”可知，“action rumination”指的是反思错误并寻找解决方案。故选C项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. (做你不擅长的事情可以让你更擅长你擅长的事情，并且可能让你擅长新的事情)”以及最后一段中“It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. (很明显，尽管我们讨厌失败，但这样做对于学习新技能和掌握旧技能是有益的。)”可推知，作者的主要目的是阐述在不熟悉领域失败所蕴含的积极价值，并说服读者接受失败。故选B项。 18. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. MIYAZAKI HAYAO This Japanese treasure is considered by some to be the world's greatest animator When people discuss famous directors or filmmakers, names like Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and Peter Jackson often come to mind. Miyazaki Hayao is one name that's sometimes overlooked even though he's frequently compared to some of these men. ___47___ Praise for the award-winning producer, director, animator and filmmaker seems never-ending. His six-decade career has been described as one that is “marked by genius and wonder ...” Miyazaki's spectacular stories transport audiences to magical worlds with memorable characters. As beautiful as the talented animator's stories are, there's often a dark side to them as well as they often feature war, environmental destruction and more. No doubt images from 1940s war-torn Japan left a lasting impression on young Miyazaki, who was born in Tokyo in 1941. During his first few years, his family moved several times, seeking safety. The fears and feelings of instability and danger associated with his childhood made their way into most of Miyazaki's stories. ___48___ An often-used character in Miyazaki's stories is that of the strong and capable heroine. After graduating from college in 1963, Miyazaki began working as an animator at Toei Animation. ___49___ Throughout the 1970s, Miyazaki worked at different studios on various projects while continuing to develop his skills. The 1980s brought incredible success and change, which was initiated by the 1984 release of his film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Its great success allowed Miyazaki and two friends to establish their own animation studio, Studio Ghibli, in 1985. ___50___ At 83 Miyazaki Hayao has considered retirement; and in fact, he's attempted to retire at least three times. But each attempt has been followed by another masterpiece: Spirited Away (2001), The Wind Rises (2013) and The Boy and the Heron (2023). Some have said that The Boy and the Heron, which won the 2024 Academy Award for the best animated feature film, feels like a farewell. Yet Studio Ghibli's vice president Junichi Nishioka is doubtful, saying Miyazaki will likely have a pencil in his hand until the very end. A. Since then, Studio Ghibli has turned out one film after another, most of which have received critical praise. B. Miyazaki just focused on his works instead of others' evaluation, attitude and feelings. C. These dark themes, however, are balanced out by stories of love, loyalty and the importance of family. D. People around the world love Miyazaki for his magnificent hand-drawn animation. E. As a result, Miyazaki's stories ran across lots of negative responses besides positive ones. F. It wasn't long before others noticed his tremendous drawing skills as well as his extraordinary animation style. 【答案】47. D 48. C 49. F 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了日本著名动画大师宫崎骏的生平、创作风格、职业生涯以及他的经典作品和所取得的成就。 【47题详解】 上文提到“When people discuss famous directors or filmmakers, names like Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and Peter Jackson often come to mind. Miyazaki Hayao is one name that's sometimes overlooked even though he's frequently compared to some of these men. (当人们谈论著名导演或电影制作人时，史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格、詹姆斯·卡梅隆和彼得·杰克逊等名字常常浮现在脑海中。宫崎骏这个名字有时会被忽视，尽管他经常被拿来与这些人相提并论。)”说明宫崎骏虽常被与著名导演比较，但有时仍被忽视。下文“Praise for the award-winning producer, director, animator and filmmaker seems never-ending. His six-decade career has been described as one that is “marked by genius and wonder...” (对这位获奖制片人、导演、动画师和电影制作人的赞扬似乎永无止境。他六十年的职业生涯被描述为“充满天才和奇迹……”)”说明宫崎骏受到广泛赞扬。D项“People around the world love Miyazaki for his magnificent hand-drawn animation. (世界各地的人们都喜欢宫崎骏的精美手绘动画。)”承接上文，说明宫崎骏虽有时被忽视，但世界各地的人们都喜爱他的手绘动画，与下文他受到赞扬相呼应。故选D。 【48题详解】 上文“The fears and feelings of instability and danger associated with his childhood made their way into most of Miyazaki's stories. (与童年相关的恐惧、不稳定和危险的感觉融入了宫崎骏的大部分故事中。)”说明宫崎骏的故事中有恐惧、不稳定和危险等黑暗主题。下文“An often-used character in Miyazaki's stories is that of the strong and capable heroine. (宫崎骏故事中经常使用的角色是坚强能干的女主角。)”说明宫崎骏的故事中也有积极的一面。C项“These dark themes, however, are balanced out by stories of love, loyalty and the importance of family. (然而，这些黑暗的主题被爱、忠诚和家庭重要性的故事所平衡。)”承接上文，说明虽然宫崎骏的故事中有黑暗主题，但也有爱、忠诚和家庭重要性的故事来平衡，与下文坚强能干的女主角相呼应。故选C。 【49题详解】 上文“After graduating from college in 1963, Miyazaki began working as an animator at Toei Animation. (1963年大学毕业后，宫崎骏开始在东映动画担任动画师。)”说明宫崎骏开始从事动画工作。下文“Throughout the 1970s, Miyazaki worked at different studios on various projects while continuing to develop his skills. (在整个20世纪70年代，宫崎骏在不同的工作室从事各种项目，同时继续发展他的技能。)”说明宫崎骏在不断发展和提升自己的技能。F项“It wasn’t long before others noticed his tremendous drawing skills as well as his extraordinary animation style. (没过多久，其他人就注意到了他非凡的绘画技巧和独特的动画风格。)”承接上文，说明宫崎骏开始工作后不久，他的绘画技巧和动画风格就得到了他人的注意，与下文他继续发展技能相呼应。故选F。 【50题详解】 上文“Its great success allowed Miyazaki and two friends to establish their own animation studio, Studio Ghibli, in 1985. (它的巨大成功使宫崎骏和两位朋友在1985年成立了自己的动画工作室吉卜力工作室。)”说明宫崎骏成立了自己的工作室，下文应和工作室相关。A项“Since then, Studio Ghibli has turned out one film after another, most of which have received critical praise. (从那以后，吉卜力工作室一部接一部地推出电影，其中大部分都受到了评论家的赞扬。)”承接上文，说明工作室成立带来后带来的成果，推出了多部受到赞扬的电影。故选A。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 26学年上海师范大学附属中学第一学期高二英语阶段试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang. Her passion for Dunhuang ____1____ (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who ____2____ (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long ____3____ he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province. ____4____ (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, ____5____ is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped ____6____ (fund) the Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission. Chang Shana made copies of the murals ____7____ the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and ____8____ the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career. Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs ____9____ (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People. For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work ____10____ (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on. 2. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. tempting B. developing C. permanent D. marketed E. control F. rapidly G. required H. present I. addicted J. entirely K. decrease Is vaping really safer than smoking? What exactly is vaping, and why is it so popular among teens? Vaping is inhaling vapor (吸入雾气) through e-cigarette. It is ___11___ as an alternative smoking tobacco. There are likely several reasons why teens find vaping interesting. Vaping devices look cool, and who doesn’t like to look cool? Liquids for electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) come in hundreds of ___12___ flavors such as mango, or strawberries and cream. Teens also think more about the here and now than the future. Here and now, vaping may be cool, but down the road, it’s not. People see vaping as safe because they think that they’re just inhaling water vapor and tasty flavorings. But much more than that is going into their lungs. In fact, many different chemicals go into vape pods (烟弹). The liquid inside can contain heavy metals that cause lung damage. The chemical diacetyl (双乙酰), ___13___ in many e-liquids, causes popcorn lung, which makes breathing difficult. Signs of it can appear as little as two weeks after inhaling the chemical. The condition has no cure. The damage is ___14___. More troubling is the presence of nicotine in the vapor. Nicotine makes people feel good but is very addicting. It reaches the brain 10 seconds after being inhaled. Once ___15___, people find it difficult to quit using it. The potential for nicotine addiction is higher in teens than adults because a teenager’s brain is still ___16___. Nicotine use during the teen years can affect one’s brain to become easily addicted to other drugs. One vape pod can contain more nicotine than 20 cigarettes. Nicotine affects the length of time teens can pay attention, their ability to learn and their emotion ___17___. People addicted to nicotine are often anxious without the drug. Over time more and more is ___18___ to make them feel good. But it’s never too late to quit. Ask friends and family to help. Don’t just plan to ___19___ the number of times you vape each day. Now is the time to drop your e-cigarette ____20____. If you get anxious, breathe deeply and focus on enjoying the air. Cutting vaping out of your life will make your body happier and healthier. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Adventure travelers used to represent a small group of brave travelers willing to go to nearly any extreme in pursuit of an extraordinary trip. But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement. “Frontier tourism,” as it has been called, is rapidly gaining popularity with the ordinary vacation enthusiast — and this ____21____ dynamic is not without risk for both the planet and the traveler. As unbelievable as it may seem, space travel is generating widespread ____22____. While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health ____23____ to consider. “The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and ____24____ gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also ____25____ space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer. Another aspect of frontier tourism involves exploring environments on this planet that remain largely ____26____ by modernization. However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems. The ultimate hiking goal, climbing Mount Qomolangma, provides a vivid ____27____ of this. Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years. The ____28____ mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp. Farther up the mountain, beyond base camp, another 50 tons of waste are left by travelers seeking to make it to the mountain’s peak. Frontier tourism is also having a harmful impact on ____29____ destinations such as Antarctica. The ____30____ of these fantastic locations is the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰川) and diverse wildlife, particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers and makes ____31____ ever more difficult for the region’s wildlife. What’s worse, it’s a severe ____32____. The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further. According to the International Union for Conservation for Nature (IUCN), ____33____ regulations are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts. The IUCN report goes on to stress that growing tourism ____34____ are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors. So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue ____35____? Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.” 21. A. enduring B. emerging C. intervening D. competing 22. A. panic B. adoption C. perception D. appeal 23. A. benefits B. consequences C. treatments D. experiments 24. A. altered B. artificial C. specific D. intense 25. A. prohibited by B. protected against C. exposed to D. excluded from 26. A. influenced B. dominated C. uninsured D. untouched 27. A. example B. memory C. contrast D. symbol 28. A. overlooked B. underpopulated C. overcrowded D. underestimated 29. A. jammed B. nasty C. potential D. delicate 30. A. draw B. flexibility C. anchor D. practicability 31. A. feeding B. breathing C. survival D. restoration 32. A. cycle B. format C. forecast D. complication 33. A. strict B. existing C. global D. proposed 34. A. facilities B. arrivals C. destinations D. boosters 35. A. unnoticed B. unchanged C. unchecked D. undamaged Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A tall, artistic structure called Vessel stands at the heart of Hudson Yards, a real-estate development in New York City that includes offices, residences and stores. Hudson Yards is currently the largest private development in the U.S. and is built over the top of an active rail yard. Vessel is a network of staircases and platforms that offers views of New York City from a variety of perspectives. The structure is meant to be a meeting point at the center of the area as well as an attraction for tourists. It won’t be called Vessel for long, however. There will soon be a competition to choose a permanent title. The structure is currently called “Vessel” because of its shape: narrow at its base and then expanding up and out. To get to the structure’s highest point on foot, visitors must climb 2,500 steps and cross 80 platforms. According to the developer, it’s a one-mile climb. To explore Vessel, visitors need free tickets that allow them to enter the structure at a set time of the day. The purpose of the set times on the tickets is to keep the number of people on Vessel within a safe limit at all times. Since Vessel opened to the public, it has been applauded by some visitors and criticized by others. Some have made fun of its shape, comparing it to a pineapple or waste paper basket. Others have criticized its lack of benches. Since resting on the stairs is not allowed, there is no place to sit. Despite these issues, Vessel attracts many locals and tourists every day. 36. What information about Vessel does this article provide? A. Its estimated weight. B. Its grand opening date. C. The attractive lighting. D. The distance to the top. 37. What is true about the structure’s current, official name? A. It's universally praised. B. It's only temporary. C. It's been copied elsewhere. D. Its meaning is unknown. 38. According to the article, why are tickets only available for set times? A. To encourage people to stay on Vessel longer. B. To increase the amount of income earned by Vessel. C. To prevent Vessel from becoming too crowded. D. To keep littering on Vessel to the absolute minimum. 39. What does the article imply about people who visit Vessel? A. Their opinions about it vary quite a bit. B. Their primary interest lies in shopping. C. They're all asked to pay a small entrance fee. D. They return to it on multiple occasions. (B) From: Hiro Katana <hirokboss@email.com> To: Rachel Baines <Rachel. baines@email.com> Re: Shhh... Date: December 10, 2025 Hi Rachel, We have to start planning for Jan’s surprise party. It’s about a month away and we have barely got anything organized! I started a list and just gave people jobs. I only included people I’ve talked to, and I don’t know if you’ve talked to anyone else. Please feel free to add to the to-do list!! - Venue: Wendy said she has some connections. - Date: We said January 20th? Is that decided? Does Marty know this so he can make sure Jan is free that day? - Food: Hilary &Matt — decide on appetizers, or a sit-down meal? Dessert table? Or just a cake? - Entertainment: Jess — figure out whether to hire a band or a DJ? Or should we just play our own music? - Ticket prices: Rachel & Hiro decide on admission price to cover costs. - Invitations: Rachel & Hiro — figure out who to invite!!! Send out a “Save-the-Date” by December 15. Am I missing anything else? I feel like I’m forgetting something. Is it too luxury? Maybe we should make an alternate plan in case people don’t want to pay to go to a birthday party. Let me know! Hiro 40. What can be said about Hiro? A. He’s someone who has low self-respect. B. He’s someone who tries to show off. C. He’s someone who takes charge. D. He’s someone who wants to get attention. 41. Why is Hiro emailing Rachel? A. She is the co-organizer. B. She is Jan’s mother. C. She knows a lot of people. D. She has a lot of time. 42. What is Hiro concerned about? A. The party might not be ready in time. B. The party is too over the top. C. No one will be available for the party. D. No one will help him with the party. (C) Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. Understanding this dynamic can give you an edge in your own area of excellence, and enhance your life generally. To be great at what you do, take a chance on failing at something else. Trying to do something but coming up short is not fun. Take up skiing as an adult, and you will almost certainly be frustrated as you fall down over and over. The reason why we hate being bad at things and failing is because when goal-directed activity is blocked, that stimulates our dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which is part of the brain’s pain system. This is the same region affected when we experience social rejection. This kind of mental pain does, however, have an evolved benefit — creating the motivation to succeed, if not at the activity at hand then at some other one. This motivation effect is detectable in plenty of areas, like in business activities. As a group of psychologists reported when employees are frustrated by their relative incompetence at one task, they tend to be motivated to show more competence for something they’re already better at. Perhaps you can relate to this finding when, pushed to perform outside your comfort zone at work, you discovered that you had greater motivation in your regular job afterward. The mental pain of failure can also stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack competence — if you can reframe the negative experience as an indicator of personal growth. This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvisation (即兴表演) club. One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness. The scholars found that compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction, the first group was more engaged in the exercise. Instead of seeing the discomfort as something to avoid, they saw it as central to the process and accepted it. Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the future. Scholars have shown that thinking through something you have done poorly in this intentionally corrective way can lead to learning and improvement as opposed to frustration and embarrassment. It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. This has implications for how to improve ordinary life. 43. According to the passage, if employees feel frustrated after failing a new project, they might ______. A. attempt to seek discomfort in other work activities B. experience serious social rejection from colleagues C. become more motivated to excel in their regular work D. quit the job to avoid further frustration from new tasks 44. What is a key requirement for failure to help improve poor skills? A. Avoiding feelings of discomfort associated with failure. B. Using the frustration to boost performance in another area. C. Developing a strong desire to master the target skill quickly. D. Interpreting the setback as an opportunity for self-improvement. 45. What does “action rumination” in para. 5 most probably refer to? A. Accepting the discomfort caused by failure. B. Seeking help from others to correct missteps. C. Reflecting on mistakes and finding solutions. D. Adjusting goals when facing repeated failures. 46. The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to ______. A. argue that failure is inevitable in daily life and advise readers to avoid its mental pain B. illustrate the positive values of failure in unfamiliar areas and persuade readers to accept it C. compare different ways to handle failure and highlight the effectiveness of action rumination D. analyze the psychological mechanism behind people’s fear of failure and its evolutionary origin 18. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. MIYAZAKI HAYAO This Japanese treasure is considered by some to be the world's greatest animator When people discuss famous directors or filmmakers, names like Steven Spielberg, James Cameron and Peter Jackson often come to mind. Miyazaki Hayao is one name that's sometimes overlooked even though he's frequently compared to some of these men. ___47___ Praise for the award-winning producer, director, animator and filmmaker seems never-ending. His six-decade career has been described as one that is “marked by genius and wonder ...” Miyazaki's spectacular stories transport audiences to magical worlds with memorable characters. As beautiful as the talented animator's stories are, there's often a dark side to them as well as they often feature war, environmental destruction and more. No doubt images from 1940s war-torn Japan left a lasting impression on young Miyazaki, who was born in Tokyo in 1941. During his first few years, his family moved several times, seeking safety. The fears and feelings of instability and danger associated with his childhood made their way into most of Miyazaki's stories. ___48___ An often-used character in Miyazaki's stories is that of the strong and capable heroine. After graduating from college in 1963, Miyazaki began working as an animator at Toei Animation. ___49___ Throughout the 1970s, Miyazaki worked at different studios on various projects while continuing to develop his skills. The 1980s brought incredible success and change, which was initiated by the 1984 release of his film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind. Its great success allowed Miyazaki and two friends to establish their own animation studio, Studio Ghibli, in 1985. ___50___ At 83 Miyazaki Hayao has considered retirement; and in fact, he's attempted to retire at least three times. But each attempt has been followed by another masterpiece: Spirited Away (2001), The Wind Rises (2013) and The Boy and the Heron (2023). Some have said that The Boy and the Heron, which won the 2024 Academy Award for the best animated feature film, feels like a farewell. Yet Studio Ghibli's vice president Junichi Nishioka is doubtful, saying Miyazaki will likely have a pencil in his hand until the very end. A. Since then, Studio Ghibli has turned out one film after another, most of which have received critical praise. B. Miyazaki just focused on his works instead of others' evaluation, attitude and feelings. C. These dark themes, however, are balanced out by stories of love, loyalty and the importance of family. D. People around the world love Miyazaki for his magnificent hand-drawn animation. E. As a result, Miyazaki's stories ran across lots of negative responses besides positive ones. F. It wasn't long before others noticed his tremendous drawing skills as well as his extraordinary animation style. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $