U1 第四课时Grammar2026-2027学年英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 1 A world of cultures 第四课时 Grammar it 的一身三任：代词 · 非人称 · 形式主语与形式宾语 It is common to go on boat rides and enjoy the views of the old buildings from the water. 译林九下 Lead-in 三句话，猜猜 it 是谁 互动 1 2 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar it 是英语里最忙的词。读句子，抢答：句中的 it 指什么？ 1. The panda is an important cultural symbol of China. It is cute. 指 the panda —— 动物 2. —Who called you on the phone just now? —It was Grace. 指 Grace —— 辨认人是谁 3. It is 9 a.m. now and it is cold today. 指时间 / 天气 —— 非人称 今天就把 it 的三副面孔全部拿下：代词 → 非人称 → 形式主语/形式宾语。 Learning objectives 学习目标 教材 P12–14 3 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar In this class, we will 1 use it as a pronoun for a thing, an animal or a plant; 2 use it for a baby, for identifying a person, and for a whole idea; 3 use it for time, weather and distance; 4 use it as a formal subject and a formal object (4 structures); 5 tell it / one / that apart and finish 30+ exercises. 语法不是背规则：先看懂教材原句，再自己造一句，最后落到题上。 Overview it 的一身三任 全景图 4 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar it ① 代词 it　指代 动物、植物、无生命物 不知性别的幼儿 辨认身份的人 前文的动作 / 情形 / 想法 教材 A ② 非人称 it 时间：It's 9 a.m. 天气：It's cold today. 距离：It's 6 km from here. 日期 / 星期 / 季节 教材 B ③ 形式 it It is + adj. + to do It takes sb. time to do It is said / reported that... find / think it + adj. + to do 教材 C 判断口诀：先看 it 有没有 “实事” 可指(代词)；没有，就看是时间天气距离(非人称)；都不是，就是形式 it。 Grammar A-1 指动物、植物或无生命的事物 教材原句 规则 1 5 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar We use it for an animal, a plant or a lifeless thing. 规则：上文提到某个动物、植物或东西(单数)，下文再用时用 it，避免重复。 The panda is an important cultural symbol of China. It is cute. 译：熊猫是中国重要的文化象征。它很可爱。(it = the panda) Tai chi is a series of slow, gentle movements. It is good for one's body and mind. 译：太极是一系列缓慢柔和的动作。它对身心都有好处。(it = tai chi) 再举例 I bought a new bike yesterday. It is light and easy to ride.(我昨天买了辆新自行车，它很轻，很好骑。) 小练 The little cat is hiding under the chair. It looks a bit afraid. Grammar A-2 指不知性别的幼儿 教材原句 规则 2 6 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar We use it for a young child when we do not know whether it is a girl or a boy. 规则：不知道宝宝是男是女时用 it；一旦知道性别，就要改用 he / she。 Look at that cute baby over there! Is it a boy? 译：看那边那个可爱的宝宝！是男孩吗？(不知性别，用 it) The baby is crying and it must be hungry. 译：宝宝在哭，一定是饿了。(it = the baby) 再举例 拓展：The little girl is only three. She can already sing many English songs.(已知性别用 she) 小练 The baby is smiling at us. It must be happy to see so many people. Grammar A-3 指辨认身份的人 教材原句 规则 3 7 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar We use it for a person when we are identifying him or her. 规则：it 也能指人，但只用于“确认是谁”——敲门、接电话、看照片、认人。 —Who called you on the phone just now? —It was Grace. She called from Rome. 译：——刚才谁给你打电话？——是 Grace。她从罗马打来的。 —Who is the girl in the photo? —It's my cousin Lily. 译：——照片上的女孩是谁？——是我表妹 Lily。 再举例 注意：回答后已知身份，下文要用 She / He，不能再用 it。 小练 —Who is knocking at the door? — It must be the postman. Let me open the door. Grammar A-4 指前文的动作、情形或想法 教材原句 规则 4 8 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar We use it for an action, a situation or an idea mentioned in a previous statement. 规则：前文说的是“一件事”(不是某个名词)，下文就用 it 指这一整件事，常作主语。 Visiting famous buildings in Rome is a popular activity for tourists, isn't it? 译：参观罗马的著名建筑是游客喜爱的活动，不是吗？(it = 整件事) We took some snacks and drinks and relaxed in the sunny square. It was wonderful. 译：我们在阳光下的广场上吃零食、喝饮料，放松了一下。那真是太棒了。(it = 前面整件事) 再举例 She won first prize in the competition. It really made her parents proud.(她得了第一，这让父母很自豪。) 小练 He passed the exam at last. It made his parents very proud. 教材 A1 七个 it，各指什么 教材 P12 互动 2 9 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar Kevin 写的颐和园游记。找一找每个 it 指什么——7 人开火车，一人一空。 Yesterday, we visited the Summer Palace, a beautiful Chinese garden with a lake. We spent about three hours there, and ①it was very interesting. The lake is very big—②it takes up three quarters of the area. When we were there, ③it was frozen, so we couldn't go out on a boat. Across the lake is a bridge and there are many stone lions on either side of ④it. The lions are all different from each other. Isn't ⑤it amazing? While I was walking along the bridge, my mobile phone rang. ⑥It was my mum. I told her about my day and how much I was enjoying the Summer Palace. ⑦It was well worth visiting! 1 指这次游览(the visit) 2 指 the lake 昆明湖 3 指 the lake(湖面结冰) 4 指 the bridge 桥 5 指“狮子各不相同”这件事 6 指 my mum(辨认身份) 7 指这次游览(值得一游) Grammar A+ it / one / that 三兄弟 易错点 互动 3 10 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 中考最爱在这里设陷阱：都是“它”，用法却不同。看表格，抢答。 it 同一个东西(特指上文那一个) I lost my key. I can't find it. one 同类中的某一个(泛指，= a + 名词) I don't like this pen. Show me a blue one. that 特指上文那类(常带后置定语，替代不可数) The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 小练 —I have a few cookbooks. You can borrow one if you want. The weather in Suzhou is warmer than that in Harbin in winter. 口诀：同一个用 it，随便一个用 one，那一类用 that。 Grammar B 非人称 it：时间 · 天气 · 距离 教材 P13 11 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar A tour guide: Today, we're going to visit the Palace Museum. It's 6 kilometres from the hotel. It's cold today, so please wear warm clothes. It's 9 a.m. now and we'll leave at 9:30. 译：今天我们去参观故宫。它离酒店 6 公里。今天很冷，请穿暖和些。现在 9 点，9:30 出发。 时间 It's 9 a.m. now. 译：现在 9 点。 再如： It was 7:30 a.m. when I got up. 天气 It's cold today. 译：今天很冷。 再如： It is sunny today. / It is raining. 距离 It's 6 kilometres from the hotel. 译：离酒店 6 公里。 再如： It is not far from the river to our hotel. 注意：it 还可指日期、星期、季节、温度——It's 22 February today. / It's Monday. / It's winter. 教材 B1 用 it 改写(1–4) 开火车 教材 P13 12 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 保持句意不变，用 it 改写句子。先口头说，再点击对答案。 1 Today is 22 February. We left Beijing for Shanghai after lunch. → It is 22 February today. 2 Shanghai is about 1,300 kilometres by train from Beijing. → It is about 1,300 kilometres by train from Beijing to Shanghai. 3 I got up at 7:30 a.m. this morning. → It was 7:30 a.m. when I got up this morning. 4 I felt a bit cold when we went out. The temperature was 2℃. → It was 2℃. 共同点：主语不是“人”也不是“物”，而是时间、距离、温度——用 it 顶上去。 教材 B1 用 it 改写(5–8) 开火车 教材 P13 13 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 保持句意不变，用 it 改写句子。先口头说，再点击对答案。 5 Winter is cold and wet and sometimes rainy in Shanghai. → In winter, it is cold and wet and sometimes rainy in Shanghai. 6 We arrived in Shanghai on a sunny day. → It was a sunny day when we arrived in Shanghai. 7 We arrived at our hotel in the afternoon. → It was in the afternoon when we arrived at our hotel. 8 Our hotel is not far from the Huangpu River. → It is not far from the Huangpu River to our hotel. 第 6、7 题是高频句型：It was a sunny day / in the afternoon when... —— it 指时间背景。 Grammar C it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语 教材 P14 14 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 读 Grace 这段话，数一数：6 个 it，都在“替别人站岗”。 I find it difficult to move to a new country, and it took me a long time to get used to the new life. But I feel quite at home in Italy now. I have lots of friends and it is kind of them to teach me Italian. Next week, I will go to Venice with some Italian friends. It is well known that Venice was built on water. It is common to go on boat rides and enjoy the views of the old buildings from the water. 译：我觉得搬到一个新国家很难，我花了很长时间才适应新生活。不过我现在在意大利很自在。我有很多朋友，他们教我意大利语，真是太好了。下周我要和几个意大利朋友去威尼斯。众所周知，威尼斯是建在水上的。坐船游览、欣赏水上老建筑是很常见的。 教材给出四条 “it 句型”——it 占着主语/宾语的位置，真正的主语或宾语放到后面： ① It is + adj. + (of / for sb.) + to do sth. 形式主语 ② It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 形式主语 ③ It is said / reported / known + that 从句 形式主语 ④ sb. find(s) / think(s) it + adj. + to do sth. 形式宾语 C-1 It is + adj. + (of / for sb.) + to do 教材 P14 句型 1 15 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar It is common to go on boat rides... ／ It is kind of them to teach me Italian. 译：坐船游览……是很常见的。／ 他们教我意大利语，真是太好了。 结构：It(形式主语) + is + adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.(真正主语) 为什么用 it？主语太长，头重脚轻，先用 it 占位，把不定式放到后面。 for 形容词说的是“这件事” important · necessary · difficult easy · interesting · common good · dangerous · hard of 形容词说的是“人”的品性 kind · nice · good · clever polite · friendly · careless · brave 例：It is important for us to learn English well. ／ It is kind of you to help the old man. 小练 It is important for every student to respect others. It's very kind of you to help me with my English. C-2 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 教材 P14 句型 2 16 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar It took me a long time to get used to the new life. 译：我花了很长时间才适应新生活。(it = 形式主语；me 是花时间的人) 结构：It + takes / took + sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 　= 做某事花了某人多少时间 三个关键：① 时间放中间(an hour / two days / a long time)　② 后接 to do，不能接 doing　③ 时态看 took / takes It takes me 20 minutes to walk to school every day. 译：我每天走 20 分钟到学校。 → It takes sb. some time to do sth. —— it 占主语位，不定式才是真正的主语。 It took him an afternoon to find three interested classmates. 译：他花了一下午找到三位感兴趣的同学。 → It takes sb. some time to do sth. —— it 占主语位，不定式才是真正的主语。 It will take us three hours to finish the work. 译：完成这项工作将花我们三个小时。 → It takes sb. some time to do sth. —— it 占主语位，不定式才是真正的主语。 小练 It took me plenty of time to learn new cooking skills last week. It takes him half an hour to do morning exercise every day. C-3 It is said / reported / known + that 从句 教材 P14 句型 3 17 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar It is well known that Venice was built on water. 译：众所周知，威尼斯是建在水上的。(it 占主语位，真正的主语是 that 从句) 结构：It is + 过去分词 + that 从句　—— 从句是真正的主语，that 不能换成 what / which It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is common knowledge that... 这是常识…… It is a pity that... 遗憾的是…… 转换：People say that he is a good teacher. = It is said that he is a good teacher. 小练 It is common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun. It's reported that Tongshan is on the path of high-quality development. 第 1 题考 “常识”，第 2 题考 “据报道”。 C-4 find / think it + adj. + to do 教材 P14 句型 4 18 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar I find it difficult to move to a new country. 译：我觉得搬到一个新国家很难。(it 是形式宾语，真正宾语是 to move...) 结构：主语 + find / think / make / feel + it + adj. + to do sth. 记牢：这里的 it 不能省略，也不能换成 that / this；形容词是不定式的补语。 I think it important to keep reading English every morning. 译：我认为每天早上坚持读英语很重要。 We find it interesting to visit Harbin in winter. 译：我们觉得冬天去哈尔滨很有趣。 The teacher made it easy for us to understand the rule. 译：老师让我们很容易就理解了这个规则。 小练 I find it easy for some people to get used to new environments. Many students found it quite difficult to write a script. 教材 C1 Kevin 的上海笔记((1 / 2)) 教材 P14 互动 4 19 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 每个 it 各干什么活？小组比赛：读完一句，抢答 it 的用法。 Sights Shanghai is fantastic! Though I've seen photos of the Bund online, it is amazing to see it in real life! ① it 形式主语(to see it in real life)　② it = the Bund 外滩 Food My guide gave me one this morning. It is called qingtuan. I tried it and really liked it. I found it exciting to try new food. it = qingtuan 青团；最后一个 it 形式宾语(to try new food) Culture We watched a Shanghai opera. It was very exciting. The actors and actresses did a wonderful job. it = the Shanghai opera 这场演出(指前文的事) 判断顺序：先找 it 有没有 “实事” 可指 → 再看是不是时间/天气/距离 → 都不是，就是形式 it。 教材 C1 Kevin 的上海笔记((2 / 2)) 教材 P14 互动 4 20 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 每个 it 各干什么活？小组比赛：读完一句，抢答 it 的用法。 Weather It is well known that the winter in Shanghai is wet and cold, but I did not notice this when I arrived here. It is sunny today. I find it nice to walk around the city. 形式主语(that 从句)→ 天气 → 形式宾语(to walk around) People The people here are very helpful. It is kind of them to show us the way and it is interesting to talk to them about their lives. 两个 it 都是形式主语：to show us the way ／ to talk to them(of them 说人善良) Transport It does not take much time to get used to the transport in Shanghai. The city has a great public transport system, so it is convenient for us to get around. it takes...(花时间)；it is convenient for us to get around(形式主语) 判断顺序：先找 it 有没有 “实事” 可指 → 再看是不是时间/天气/距离 → 都不是，就是形式 it。 Practice 1 用所给词的适当形式填空 限时 4 分钟 练 1 21 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 六道题，考的都是 it 的固定句型——先判断句型，再定形式。 1. The theatre is about three quarters (quarter) full already. 2. Although we arrived very late, the hotel's (hotel) manager still arranged a quiet room. 3. The cute cat lies quietly on the floor and it (its) looks so cute. 4. It is known (know) that different countries have different customs. 5. It is important for every student to respect (respect) others. 6. It took me plenty of time to learn (learn) new cooking skills last week. 第 3 题：its 是 “它的”，这里要的是主语 it；第 4–6 题都是 it 句型。 Practice 3 单项选择 (1) 你来解 练 3 23 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 1. —I am planning a trip to Lianyungang this summer. How is the weather there? —Not so hot. Sometimes ______ is a bit cool and wet. A. this B. that C. it D. one C it=天气 2. ______ is common knowledge that the earth moves around the sun. A. Which B. That C. It D. What C It=形式主语 3. We find ______ interesting to visit Harbin in winter. A. that B. this C. it D. one C it=形式宾语 第 1 题问天气用 it；第 2 题 that 从句是真正主语；第 3 题 find it + adj. + to do。 Practice 3 单项选择 (2) 你来解 练 3 24 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 4. It's not good ______ the animals to eat too much. A. for B. to C. with D. of A for sb. 5. I think ______ important to keep reading English every morning. A. that; keep reading B. it's; kept reading C. that; to keep read D. it; to keep reading D it + to do 6. —Sandy, could you fold the clothes for me? —Why ______? I am not available. You can ask David to do ______ instead. A. him; them B. me; it C. I; it D. me; them B me; it 第 4 题：形容词说“事”用 for；第 6 题 Why me? 是口语；do it 指 fold the clothes 这件事。 Practice 3 单项选择 (3) 你来解 练 3 25 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 7. Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who ______ is. A. he B. she C. they D. it D it=辨认人 8. —I'd like to learn how to cook Chinese food. —Great. I have a few cookbooks. You can borrow ______ if you want. A. it B. either C. one D. both C one=同类任一本 9. Many students found ______ quite difficult to write a script based on the texts we learned. A. it; writing B. it's; to write C. it's; writing D. it; to write D it + to write 第 7 题不知是谁，用 it；第 8 题 a few cookbooks 里任取一本用 one；第 9 题 it 是形式宾语。 Practice 4 完成句子(1–4) 同桌互译 练 4 26 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 同桌开火车：一人读中文，另一人用 it 句型翻译；再点击对答案。 1 他花了一个下午的时间找到了三位感兴趣的同学，组成一支队伍。 It took him an afternoon to find three interested classmates to make up a team. 2 对学生们来说，学习来自不同国家的文化是有趣的。 It's interesting for students to learn about cultures from different countries. 3 我发现和他交流很难。 I find it difficult / hard to have communication with him. 4 对孩子们来说，掌握一些基本的生活技能是有必要的。 It's necessary for children to master some basic life skills. 四题依次考：It takes... / It's + adj. + for sb. / find it + adj. / It's necessary for sb. to do。 Practice 4 完成句子(5–8) 同桌互译 练 4 27 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 一人读中文，另一人用 it 句型翻译；再点击对答案。 5 据报道，铜山正在走高质量发展之路。 It's reported that Tongshan is on the path of high-quality development. 6 我哥哥曾想学弹吉他，但后来他发现这个新爱好占据了他大部分的周末时间。 My brother once wanted to learn to play the guitar, but he later found it took up most of his weekend time. 7 我发现习惯新环境对一些人来说很简单。 I find it easy for some people to get used to new environments. Test 当堂检测 限时 5 分钟 练 7 30 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 六小题，全部出自今天的四条 it 句型——合上课本，独立完成。 1. —Who is knocking at the door? — It must be the postman. 2. It is important for us to protect the environment. 3. It took me half an hour to finish my homework yesterday. 4. It is reported that our team won the first prize. 5. I find it necessary to review my notes every day. 6. The weather in Suzhou is warmer than that in Harbin in winter. Summary it 用法全景 31 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 代词 it(指代) 动物 / 植物 / 东西 It is cute. 指代不清楚性别的小孩 Is it a boy? 用来指代不明身份的人 It was Grace. 用来指代前文的动作 / 事件 It was wonderful. 非人称 it 时间 It's 9 a.m. now. 天气 It's cold today. 距离 It's 6 km from here. 日期 / 星期 / 季节 It's 22 February. 形式 it(四句型) It is + adj. + (of/for) + to do It takes sb. + time + to do It is said/reported that... find / think it + adj. + to do 辨析：it / one / that Homework 课后作业 分层作业 32 译林九下 · Unit 1 A world of cultures · Grammar 必做 1. 整理 it 四条句型的笔记(结构 + 2 个例句 + 中文) 2. 完成练习册 Unit 1 Grammar 剩余题目 选做 用 It is...for sb. to do、It took...、It is said...、find it... 各写一句，连成一段 “我的旅行” 小短文(5 句以上) 下节课预告：Integration — 中日文化交流(听力 + 短文填空) $