精品解析：重庆市第八中学校 2026-2027学年上学期初二年级半期模拟考试英语试题11.5

重庆八中初二年级半期模拟考试 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷（共79分） Ⅰ．听力测试。（共30分） 第一节（每小题1分，共6分） 听一遍。根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 1．A．Good morning! B．How do you do? C．Nice to meet you, too. 2．A．The cheetah B．The African elephant. C．The frog. 3．A．With pleasure. B．Never mind. C．You’re welcome. 4．A．I hope not. B．Thank you! C．Sorry, I can’t. 5．A．I went there last week. B．It was great. C．I visited Moscow. 6．A．Good idea! B．Sorry to hear that. C．Here you are. 第二节（每小题1分，共6分） 听一遍。根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 7．A．/fɪʃ/ B．/freʃ/ C．/’finɪʃ/ 8．A．Mapo tofu. B．Beijing roast duck. C．Hot pot. 9．A．He is quiet. B．He is outgoing. C．He is hard-working. 10．A．Water plants. B．Sweep the floor. C．Clean the windows. 11．A． B． C． 12．A．Tony. B．Tony’s father. C．Tony’s brother. 第三节（每小题1分，共4分） 听两遍。根据你所听到的长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 听第一段材料，回答第13和14小题。 13．What does the woman want to do next? A．To cook dinner. B．To invite his friends to his new house. C．To clean the bedroom. 14．When does the woman think is the best time to invite friends? A．This afternoon. B．Tomorrow. C．This weekend. 听第二段材料，完成15-16小题。 15．Who is more outgoing? A．Jack. B．Tom. C．Lily. 16．What is Jack better at than Tom? A．Playing basketball. B．Running. C．Making new friends. 第四节（每小题1.5分，共6分） 听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 17．Where is the garden? A．Next to the dining hall. B．Behind the classroom building. C．In front of the library. 18．How often do the students water the plants? A．Once a week. B．Twice a month. C．Every afternoon. 19．What do the students do with the vegetables grown in the garden? A．They take them home. B．They sell them. C．They eat them. 20．What does the speaker expect the students to be like to the earth? A．To be kind. B．To be honest. C．To be quiet. 第五节（每小题2分，共8分） 听两遍。根据你所听到的讲座内容，在横线处补全笔记。每空1词，并把答案填写在答题卡上对应的位置。 The speaker thinks if we watch dogs carefully, we can 24．_______ their “talking” to us. Ⅱ．语法填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Emily is a teenage girl from Gaithersburg. Her shyness made it difficult for ____1____ to make friends. Other kids about her age had many friends around, but she had ____2____ to play with. So she chose to spend time reading, and books have been a comfort (慰藉) for her. Emily used to read with her father. But unluckily, her father was ____3____ ill with cancer when she was in high school. From then on, books helped her to get through the most difficult times in her life. Thanks ____4____ the doctors, her father was saved in time. At the hospital, she found many kids also needed something to cheer them up, so she came up with a plan to help others with book reading and hoped reading can be a much ____5____ comfort. Emily wanted to start a book drive (捐书活动) and she explained her idea to her father. He encouraged her to carry out her plan. ____6____ book drive was called For Love & Buttercup, with the purpose of collecting books for kids with cancer in hospitals. The ____7____ step she took was to introduce her idea through the Internet. Secondly, she asked people in her community to give away books to kids in need. She didn’t expect the book drive to receive many ____8____ from the neighborhood. But to her surprise, it was ____9____ successful that plenty of local stations began reporting her book drive. Since Emily started the book drive, she has collected more than 10,000 books. Now Emily keeps ____10____ the book drive. She hopes to make the project reach more kids one day. 1. A. hers B. her C. she 2. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody 3. A. seriously B. serious C. seriousness 4. A. of B. for C. to 5. A. big B. bigger C. biggest 6. A. The B. A C. An 7. A. one B. first C. once 8. A. answer B. answers’ C. answers 9. A. very B. too C. so 10. A. to run B. runs C. running 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了害羞女孩Emily在父亲患癌期间靠阅读获得慰藉，并在父亲康复后发起捐书活动帮助癌症患儿的故事。 【1题详解】 句意：她的害羞让她很难交到朋友。 由原文“made it difficult for... to make friends”可知，此处考查固定句型“make it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”。介词for后需要接代词宾格作宾语，结合前文“Emily is a teenage girl”可知，此处指代女孩Emily，因此选her“她（宾格）”。hers“她的（名词性物主代词）”不能作介词宾语，she“她（主格）”不能跟在介词后。 【2题详解】 句意：其他同龄的孩子身边有很多朋友，但她没有人可以一起玩。 由原文前句“Other kids about her age had many friends around”和转折连词“but”可知，她身边没有朋友。此处需要一个不定代词表示否定意义，因此选nobody“没有人”。somebody“某人”和anybody“任何人”均不符合语境。 【3题详解】 句意：但不幸的是，在她上高中时，她的父亲得了重病。 由原文“her father was... ill”可知，空格位于系动词was和形容词ill之间，需要副词修饰形容词。serious的副词形式为seriously，表示“严重地”，seriously ill意为“病得很重”，因此选seriously。serious“严重的（形容词）”和seriousness“严重性（名词）”均不符合。 【4题详解】 句意：多亏了医生，她的父亲被及时救了。 由原文“Thanks... the doctors, her father was saved in time”可知，此处表示“多亏了，由于”，固定短语为thanks to，因此选to。of“的”和for“为了”不能与thanks构成此意。 【5题详解】 句意：在医院里，她发现许多孩子也需要一些东西来让他们振作起来，所以她想到了一个通过阅读帮助他人的计划，并希望阅读能成为更大的安慰。 由原文“hoped reading can be a much... comfort”可知，空格位于much之后，需要形容词比较级。结合语境，Emily之前从阅读中获得慰藉，现在希望帮助医院里的孩子通过阅读获得“更大的”慰藉，因此选bigger。big“大的（原级）”和biggest“最大的（最高级）”均不符合。 【6题详解】 句意：这个捐书活动被称为“For Love & Buttercup”。 由原文前句“Emily wanted to start a book drive”可知，此处特指前文提到过的那个捐书活动。空格位于句首修饰单数可数名词book drive，需要定冠词表特指，因此选The“这个/那个”。A“一个”和An“一个”表示泛指，不符合特指语境。 【7题详解】 句意：她采取的第一步是通过互联网介绍她的想法。 由原文“The... step she took was...”以及后面的“Secondly”可知，此处表示顺序，指“第一步”。因此选first。one“一个（基数词）”和once“一次（副词）”均不符合语境。 【8题详解】 句意：她没想到捐书活动会收到来自社区的许多回复。 由原文“receive many... from the neighborhood”可知，空格位于many之后，需要可数名词复数。结合语境，她发起了活动，社区里的人们给出回应，因此选answers“回复，回答”。answer“回答（单数）”和answers'“回答的（所有格）”均不符合。 【9题详解】 句意：但令她惊讶的是，活动如此成功，以至于许多当地电视台开始报道她的捐书活动。 由原文“it was... successful that plenty of local stations began reporting”可知，此处考查固定句型“so+形容词/副词+that...”，意为“如此……以至于……”，因此选so。very“非常”和too“太”不能与that构成此句式。 【10题详解】 句意：现在Emily仍在坚持运营这个捐书活动。 由原文“Now Emily keeps... the book drive”可知，此处考查固定搭配keep doing sth.，意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”，需要填入动名词形式，因此选running。to run“去运营（不定式）”和runs“运营（动词单三）”均不符合。 Ⅲ．完型填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Why do you play games? Because they are interesting and besides, planning your next step, or ____11____ the rules… these are all “game” skills that you will meet in your life. Think about some games you played ____12____ a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. ____13____ games are loved by children for fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate (转变) life skills into meaningful lessons that teach children some of the rules they should follow in the rest of their ____14____, such as taking turns and teamwork. Children around the world play games ____15____ some of them can be helpful to work in the future. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, and it would help ____16____ practice their quick and sharp eyes which are needed in hunting (狩猎). Many sports games____17____ people to have love for their country. The most famous games of all—the Olympic Games—bring players from around the world to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the games wave their national flags (挥舞国旗), knowing that a gold medal is a win for all the____18____, not just the player who gets it. Sports can ____19____ help people in need. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People like to play it— some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a California soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. She provides poor children with not only soccer balls but also ____20____. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about the reason why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other ways of your life. 11. A. breaking B. making C. following D. changing 12. A. as B. like C. with D. for 13. A. Some B. Other C. Few D. Such 14. A. study B. life C. time D. school 15. A. if B. before C. because D. until 16. A. him B. them C. you D. us 17. A. need B. encourage C. advise D. ask 18. A. family B. team C. country D. world 19. A. also B. still C. hardly D. quickly 20. A. some skills B. enough food C. a big family D. a good future 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述玩游戏和运动的好处。它们能培养生活技能，增强爱国情怀，还能帮助有需要的人，对未来生活有益。 【11题详解】 句意：因为它们很有趣，此外，规划你的下一步或者遵守规则，这些都是你会在生活中遇到的“游戏”技能。 根据上文“Why do you play games? Because they are interesting and besides, planning your next step, or…the rules”，可知句子要表达遵守规则，following意为“遵守”，符合语境；breaking“打破”，making“制定”，changing“改变”，均不符合句意。 【12题详解】 句意：想想你作为孩童时期玩过的一些游戏，比如跳绳和捉迷藏。 根据本句“Think about some games you played…a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek”，可知句子要表达当你作为孩童时期，as意为“作为”，符合语境；like“像”，with“和”，for“为了”，均不符合句意。 【13题详解】 句意：这类游戏是孩子们因为好玩而喜爱的。 根据下文“games are loved by children for fun”，可知句子要表达这类游戏，Such意为“这样的、这类”，符合语境；Some“一些”，Other“其他的”，Few“很少”，均不符合句意。 【14题详解】 句意：但也许更重要的是，它们把生活技能转变成有意义的课程，教孩子们在生活其余部分中应当遵守的一些规则，例如轮流和团队合作。 根据本句“that teach children some of the rules they should follow in the rest of their…such as taking turns and teamwork”，可知句子要表达在生活当中，life意为“生活”，符合语境；study“学习”，time“时间”，school“学校”，均不符合句意。 【15题详解】 句意：世界各地的儿童玩游戏，因为它们当中的一些游戏对将来在工作中有所帮助。 根据本句“Children around the world play games…some of them can be helpful to work in the future”，可知句子前后是因果关系，because意为“因为”，符合语境；if“如果”，before“在……之前”，until“直到”，均不符合句意。 【16题详解】 句意：例如，一些沙特阿拉伯儿童玩一种叫做骨头的游戏，这个游戏会帮助他们练习打猎所需要的敏锐眼力。 根据本句“For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, and it would help…practice their quick and sharp eyes which are needed in hunting”，本处指代前面的some Saudi Arabian children，them意为“他们”，符合语境；him“他”，you“你”，us“我们”，均不符合句意。 【17题详解】 句意：许多体育比赛鼓励人们热爱自己的国家。 根据本句“Many sports games…people to have love for their country”，可知句子要表达比赛鼓励人们爱国，encourage意为“鼓励”，符合语境；need“需要”，advise“建议”，ask“询问”，均不符合句意。 【18题详解】 句意：人们观看比赛挥舞国旗，知道一枚金牌是属于整个国家的胜利，而不仅仅是获得者个人。 根据本句“knowing that a gold medal is a win for all thee…not just the player who gets it”，可知句子要表达属于整个国家，country意为“国家”，符合语境；family“家庭”，team“队伍”，world“世界”，均不符合句意。 【19题详解】 句意：体育运动还能够帮助有需要的人。 根据本句“Sports can ___ help people in need.”，可知句子要表达体育运动也可以帮助他人，also意为“也，还”，符合语境；still“仍然”，hardly“几乎不”，quickly“快速地”，均不符合句意。 【20题详解】 句意：她不仅给贫困孩子提供足球，还给他们一个美好的未来。 根据本句“He provides poor children with not only soccer balls but also… ”，结合前文“has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer”，a good future意为“一个美好的未来”，符合语境；some skills“一些技能”，enough food“足够的食物”，a big family“一个大家庭”，均不符合句意。 Ⅳ．阅读理解。（每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目答案标号涂黑。 A In the age of the Internet, do young people still need to spend time learning everyday life skills? To find the answer, we did a survey (调查) among 1,000 young people. Q: Why do you spend time learning life skills? Li: We live and learn. It’s fun to learn something new. Wang: I don’t want to ask my parents for help all the time in my life. Su: Learning something new is exciting. It is also a good way to relax. 21. What do young people think of learning life skills? A. All of them think it’s useful. B. Most of them think it’s helpful to them. C. Only a small number of them think they need it. D. They think they don’t need it. 22. _______ young people want to learn how to shop for food. A. 408 B. 339 C. 318 D. 452 23. Where can you find this chart (图表)? A. In a teen magazine. B. In a letter. C. In an ad. D. In a sports newspaper. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一项针对1000名年轻人开展的生活技能学习相关调查，内容涵盖年轻人对学习生活技能的态度、想要学习的生活技能类型，以及部分年轻人学习生活技能的原因。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一张调查饼图中“92.9% Yes, some of them are useful. We should make ourselves better.”可知，超九成年轻人认为生活技能有用，即大多数人觉得学习生活技能对自己有帮助。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中“we did a survey among 1,000 young people”以及图表中“31.8% shopping for food”，经计算可得想要学习采购食物技能的年轻人有318名。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。本文是围绕年轻人生活技能学习展开的调查，内容贴合青少年群体的生活，可推知该图表可以在青少年杂志中找到。 B ①A food delivery driver (外卖骑手) became an online hero for his brave act. One day, he protected a 14-year-old girl from being bullied (欺凌) by a dangerous man on a street in Beijing, Xinhua reported. ②The girl was cycling when the man suddenly cut her off (超车抢道) with his bike, forcing her into busy traffic where she nearly got hit. Shockingly, the man kept chasing her, even pulling her off her bicycle! ③Luckily, the delivery driver Meng Shixiang saw this. He quickly stepped in, standing bravely between the girl and the man. He warned the man not to bully the little girl. Finally, the man left. This brave moment was caught on camera and spread quickly online. ④Faced with online praise, the 46-year-old man said, “I just did something small. I didn’t think much about it-I simply couldn’t stand by and watch the girl get bullied!” ⑤However, behind his courage lies a terrible reality. Meng has two sons with a rare genetic disorder (遗传疾病). This serious illness causes stiff joints (关节僵硬), bone problems, and heart issues. His elder son has had seven operations but remains disabled. ⑥To get better treatment, Meng and his wife brought their younger son to Beijing two years ago. He became a delivery driver because this job offers flexible (灵活的) time for hospital visits. Years of medical costs used up all their savings. At the worst time, medication costs reached 8,000 to 9,000 yuan per month. Meng once cried alone under a bridge, but never thought of giving up. ⑦________. Friends, relatives, and charities helped with money and supplies. Meng’s delivery company gave him special funds, and customers often showed understanding if orders were late. Best of all, a matching bone marrow donor (骨髓捐献者) was found! After a successful transplant in 2023, his younger son is now much healthier. ⑧“Beijing is full of warmth and love,” Meng says thankfully. “I’ve gotten so much help from people here, so I also want to help others when I can.” 24. How did Meng Shixiang save the girl? A. He had a fight with the bad man. B. He pulled the bad man off his bike. C. He kept warning the man until he left. D. He recorded the man’s behavior with a camera. 25. What can we infer about Meng from Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6? A. He once had a terrible childhood. B. He has never been sad because of his hard life. C. He lives a hard life because of his two sick children. D. He planned to give up treating his children. 26. Which of the following can be put in ________? A. The girl was very lucky to have a good family. B. Thankfully, kindness found them too. C. In fact, Meng was very brave to save the girl. D. Meng went to Beijing with his wife and sons. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Bravery is the only way to solve problems. B. Never give up in any difficult situation. C. Kindness creates a cycle of love and help. D. Everyone can become a hero in daily life. 【答案】24. C 25. C 26. B 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了外卖骑手孟世祥因勇救被欺凌女孩成为网络英雄，背后却隐藏着因两个患病儿子而生活艰辛的真相，最终在社会各界帮助下渡过难关，并决心传递爱心的感人故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。第③段提到“He warned the man not to bully the little girl. Finally, the man left.”，可知，他是通过警告劝退坏人救了女孩。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。第⑤段表明“Meng has two sons with a rare genetic disorder”，第⑥段指出“Years of medical costs used up all their savings...Meng once cried alone under a bridge”，可知，他因孩子生病导致生活艰难。 【26题详解】 篇章结构题。第⑦段空后说明“Friends, relatives, and charities helped with money and supplies.”，描述了孟世祥得到的帮助，“Thankfully, kindness found them too.”能引出下文受到的帮助。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。第⑧段提到“I’ve gotten so much help from people here, so I also want to help others when I can.”，可知孟世祥在得到帮助后也想帮助他人，体现了善意和帮助的循环传递。 C A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? If you answered 10 cents, you’re not alone—most people give the same answer (the correct answer is 5 cents). It’s an example of how we often trust our first reactions (反应)—answers we feel are true. People give answers that “pop into their mind,” says cognitive (认知的) scientist Steven Sloman. We don’t spend much time reflecting (反思) and checking whether the answer is right or wrong. The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in unreal news. It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman. And we are especially likely to believe straightforward information, such as news items or simple facts. Like a virus (病毒), one touch may be enough to spread it. Another explanation for the spread of unreal news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Waytz, a professor at the Kellogg School. In our mind, we want to believe things that are similar to our present opinions. For example, if you already have a bad opinion about someone, you’re more likely to trust bad stories about them. Over time, Waytz argues, “motivated reasoning can lead to a wrong social consensus (社会共识).” So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves? “I don’t think it’s possible to train everyone to verify everything that they meet,” Sloman admits. “It is just too human to believe what others tell you.” However, training people to value fact-checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities. Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media every day. Probably these are in agreement with your own worldview—but perhaps not all of them are true. “Develop a standard in your community. That is, we should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.” 28. The author uses the example of the bat and ball question to show that ________. A. there is often more than one possible answer to a question B. simple questions can be harder than difficult ones C. people often forget skills that they learned at school D. many people give quick answers without thinking carefully 29. Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”? A. You are not sure a story on social media is true, so you search online for more information. B. You don’t believe a bad story about a soccer player because he plays for your favorite team. C. You read several reports about a topic before deciding what you think about it. D. You post a message online that gives your opinion about a news story. 30. What does the word “verify” mean? A. To make sure something is true. B. To express an opinion about something. C. To think about something for a long time. D. To check if a statement is a fact or an opinion. 31. What does Dr. Sloman advise people to do when facing information on social media? A. Share all the headlines with friends B. Check things instead of only taking them at face value C. Stop reading any news online D. Believe the stories matching their worldview 32. What would be the best title for the reading? A. Stop, Question, and Check B. Why We Believe What We’re Told C. Social Media and How to Use It D. A Great Discovery of the Human Mind 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章通过“球棒与球”的数学问题引入，探讨了人们为何容易轻信虚假信息 (直觉与动机性推理)，并提出了在面对社交媒体信息时应核实真相的建议。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。第2段中的句子“We don’t spend much time reflecting and checking whether the answer is right or wrong.”表明，作者使用该例子是为了说明人们常常不仔细思考就给出快速回答，对应选项D中“without thinking carefully”的描述。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。第4段中的句子“In our mind, we want to believe things that are similar to our present opinions.”表明，动机性推理指人们倾向于相信符合自己现有观点的事情，选项B中因喜欢球队而不信负面故事符合基于现有观点进行判断的逻辑。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。第5段中的句子“I don’t think it’s possible to train everyone to verify everything that they meet”，及后文第6和第7段反复强调要核查真伪、第7段中的句子“Verify before you believe.”，表明verify指“确认事情属实”。与选项A中“make sure something is true”含义一致。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。第7段中的句子“we should check things and not just take them at face value”表明，Sloman建议人们检查信息而不是只看表面，选项B内容与原文建议完全匹配。 【32题详解】 最佳标题题。文章先分析人们轻信的原因，最后重点落脚于Sloman的建议“Verify before you believe”，选项A“Stop, Question, and Check”最能概括文章倡导的核心行动准则，涵盖了文章最终的结论与建议，适合作为文章的标题。 Ⅴ．口语运用。（每小题1分，共5分） 阅读下面对话，从7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 A: What’s up, May? You look really sad. B: Yes, I feel terrible. A: What’s wrong? Tell me about it. ___33___ B: Well, I needed new shoes to wear to a party. ___34___ So I asked my sister if I could wear her new shoes. A: Did she agree? B: No, she refused. ___35___ But I took them when she was out and wore them to the party. But unluckily, on my way home, I fell and one of the shoes was broken. A:___36___ B: No, I can’t. I don’t think anyone will be able to do that. A: Then you must tell her the truth. ___37___ B: I know you’re right. I’ll do as you say. A. Should I tell her about it? B. Can you repair (修理) it? C. Maybe I can help. D. No, it isn’t necessary to do it. E. Because she saved a lot of money to buy them. F. But I didn’t have enough pocket money to buy a pair. G. If you aren’t honest, she’ll be even angrier with you. 【答案】33. C 34. F 35. E 36. B 37. G 【解析】 【导语】本篇对话主要讲述B要参加聚会，私自穿上姐姐不愿意外借的新鞋，回家途中鞋子被弄坏，B十分苦恼，A对B进行开导并给出建议的故事。 【33题详解】 根据前文B回答自己感觉很糟糕，A询问发生了什么，此时交际逻辑为先表达愿意提供帮助，再听对方倾诉。C选项“Maybe I can help.”符合安慰对方、主动提供帮助的情景交际语境。 【34题详解】 根据前文“I needed new shoes to wear to a party”以及后文“So I asked my sister if I could wear her new shoes.”，可以看出B需要鞋子参加聚会，于是向姐姐借鞋，本处交代借鞋的缘由。F选项“But I didn’t have enough pocket money to buy a pair.”符合上下文因果逻辑。 【35题详解】 根据问句“Did she agree?”以及答句“No, she refused.”，此处需要解释姐姐拒绝借鞋的原因。E选项“Because she saved a lot of money to buy them.”符合问答逻辑。 【36题详解】 根据上文“one of the shoes was broken”可知鞋子已经弄坏，再结合下一句B的回答“No, I can’t. I don’t think anyone will be able to do that.”，一问一答相互呼应。B选项“Can you repair（修理）it?”符合对话问答逻辑。 【37题详解】 根据上一句“Then you must tell her the truth.”，A建议B一定要说出真相，本句进一步阐述说出真相的理由。G选项“If you aren’t honest, she’ll be even angrier with you.”符合行文逻辑。 第Ⅱ卷（共51分） Ⅵ．任务型阅读。（第62、63题每题2分，第64、65题3分，共10分） 阅读下文并回答问题。 Bats are not birds. They are the only mammals (哺乳动物) that can truly fly. Most people are afraid of bats, because they believe bats are scary, dirty and dangerous animals that spread illness. In fact, most bats are harmless to humans and they have special abilities that support both forests and farmland. Bats are very useful for our world. Most small bats feed on harmful insects (昆虫). A single bat can eat thousands of tiny insects every night, which helps farmers cut down the use of harmful pesticides (农药). Some fruit bats help forest development by dropping seeds when they eat fruits. What’s more, some kinds of bats work just like bees, pollinating wild flowers and helping plants produce fruits and seeds. Bats use a special skill called echolocation to find their way in dark places. They send out sound waves and receive returning signals. This helps them hunt insects and stay away from walls or trees. Unfortunately, bat numbers are dropping fast in recent years. Human activities are the main cause. Forest destruction (破坏) cuts down their living space. Meanwhile, light pollution and human fear make it harder for bats to live safely. Protecting bats means protecting our whole ecosystem. 38. Do most people have right opinions about bats? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39. How do bats fly and hunt in the dark? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 40. If the number of bats keeps falling, what possible changes may we see in farmland and forests? Give at least two results. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What can we do to protect these ugly but helpful small wild animals like bats?（at least two points and around 25 words） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】38. No, they don’t. 39. By using echolocation. 40. There may be more insects in farmland and fewer fruits in forests. 41. We should protect forests to save their living space. Besides, reducing light pollution and changing our fear towards them are also necessary ways to help. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍蝙蝠捕食害虫、传播种子、给花传粉等对生态的重要作用，同时指出人类活动导致蝙蝠数量锐减，保护蝙蝠就是保护生态系统。 【38题详解】 根据文章第1段“Most people are afraid of bats, because they believe bats are scary, dirty and dangerous animals...In fact, most bats are harmless to humans (大多数人害怕蝙蝠，因为他们认为蝙蝠是可怕、肮脏和危险的动物……事实上，大多数蝙蝠对人类无害)”可知，大多数人对蝙蝠的看法是不正确的。应进行否定回答。 【39题详解】 根据文章第3段“Bats use a special skill called echolocation to find their way in dark places.”可知，蝙蝠通过回声定位在黑暗中飞行和捕猎。使用“by doing”结构回答方式。 【40题详解】 根据文章第2段“Most small bats feed on harmful insects (昆虫)...helps farmers cut down the use of harmful pesticides (农药). Some fruit bats help forest development by dropping seeds...pollinating wild flowers and helping plants produce fruits and seeds (大多数小蝙蝠以有害昆虫为食……帮助农民减少有害农药的使用。一些果蝠通过掉落种子帮助森林发展……为野花授粉并帮助植物产生果实和种子)”可知，如果蝙蝠数量下降，农田害虫会增加，森林果实会减少。整合信息回答，给出至少两个结果即可。 【41题详解】 根据文章第4段“Forest destruction cuts down their living space. Meanwhile, light pollution and human fear make it harder for bats to live safely (森林破坏减少了它们的生存空间。同时，光污染和人类的恐惧使蝙蝠更难安全生存)”可知，保护措施应针对破坏森林、光污染和人类恐惧。整合信息作答，至少回答两点，大约25词。 Ⅶ．词性转换。 用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空不限一词。（每小题1分，共8分） 42. His sudden ________ (arrive) surprised everyone at the meeting yesterday. 【答案】arrival 【解析】 【详解】句意：昨天他在会上的突然到来让大家吃了一惊。空白处位于形容词性物主代词His和形容词sudden之后，作句子主语的核心词，需用名词形式，arrive的名词是arrival。 43. “Would you like to go with me?” Tom asked. She ________ (nod) in reply. 【答案】nodded 【解析】 【详解】句意：汤姆问：“你愿意和我一起去吗？”她点头作为回答。句中asked为过去时，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；nod的过去式需双写末尾辅音字母d再加-ed，故填nodded。 44. Many people prefer to stay _______ (comfortable) at home during National Day. 【答案】comfortably 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多人国庆节期间更喜欢舒服地待在家里。此处的“stay”与“at home”搭配，指“待在家”这个动作，为动词，需用副词修饰，comfortable为形容词，其副词形式为comfortably。 45. Richard is _______ (hard-working) than me, so I often do better in schoolwork than he does. 【答案】less hard-working 【解析】 【详解】句意：理查德不如我用功，所以我经常在学业上比他做得好。句中than提示应用比较级；结合后半句“我经常做得更好”可知，理查德“不如我用功”，hard-working的比较级表示“较不用功”，应用less hard-working。 46. The guide reminded the visitors ________ (not touch) the ancient Chinese paintings in the museum. 【答案】not to touch 【解析】 【详解】句意：导游提醒游客不要触摸博物馆里的中国古代绘画。remind sb. to do sth.意为“提醒某人做某事”，其否定形式为remind sb. not to do sth.，因此括号中的not touch应变为not to touch。 47. One of the most amazing ________ (similar) between bees and ants is that they live and work in groups. 【答案】similarities 【解析】 【详解】句意：蜜蜂和蚂蚁之间最令人惊奇的相似之处之一是它们群居生活和工作。由“One of the most amazing”和括号提示“similar”可知，该空位于“one of the+形容词最高级”之后，需要填入可数名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”。similar是形容词，意为“相似的”，其名词形式为similarity（相似之处），复数为similarities。 48. We had a _______ (pleasure) conversation about traditional Chinese culture in the class meeting. 【答案】pleasant 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们在班会上进行了一次关于中国传统文化的愉快交谈。修饰名词conversation，用形容词，pleasure的形容词形式pleasant意为“令人愉快的”，修饰事物。 49. The vet kept trying to save the poor little dog, but it was still _______. (die) 【答案】dead 【解析】 【详解】句意：兽医一直尽力抢救这只可怜的小狗，但它还是死了。die意为“死亡”，动词。was是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，die的形容词形式dead表示“死的”，符合语境。 Ⅷ.完成句子。（每小题2分，共8分） 1. I had close friends at school. 2. My Chinese teacher noticed my shyness. 3. I, ready, my, am, to, ideas, express, to, others 4. 无论你是什么样的人，你都可以以自己的方式发光。 My name is Jack Green. I used to be a shy and quiet boy. I was afraid to speak in public. 1. I _______ _______ close friends at school. (否定句) 2. _______ _______ my shyness? (对画线部分提问) My Chinese teacher. She encouraged me to join the school speech club. At first, I felt nervous when I stood on the stage. But I kept practising my speeches and communicated with my partners patiently. Gradually, I became more outgoing and confident. Now I have lots of good friends.3. _____________________ (连词成句) I also realize that being different is not a bad thing. Our personal differences make our school life more colorful. We should learn to accept ourselves and respect others’ differences.4. _______ _______ what kind of person you are, you can shine in your own way. (完成译句) 50. I _______ _______ close friends at school. (否定句) 51. _______ _______ my shyness? (对画线部分提问) 52. _____________________. (连词成句) 53. _______ _______ what kind of person you are, you can shine in your own way. (完成译句) 【答案】50. ①. didn’t ②. have 51. ①. Who ②. noticed 52. I am ready to express my ideas to others 53. ①. No ②. matter 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jack在语文老师鼓励下克服害羞，学会接纳自我、尊重差异的故事。 【50题详解】 句意：我在学校有亲密的朋友。本句是一般过去时的陈述句，要求改为否定句。一般过去时的否定结构为didn’t + 动词原形；had是have的过去式，变回原形have。故①填didn’t；②填have。 【51题详解】 句意：我的语文老师注意到了我的腼腆。本句是一般过去时，要求就划线部分my Chinese teacher提问，指人，在句中作主语，用who提问；时态保持一般过去时，谓语动词仍用noticed。故①填Who；②填noticed。 【52题详解】 根据所给单词可知，本句为一般现在时的陈述句，使用了“be ready to do sth.”的固定句型。I“我”，作主语；am“是”，系动词；ready“准备好的”，形容词作表语；to express“表达”，动词不定式；my ideas“我的想法”，名词短语，作express的宾语；to others“向其他人”，介词短语。故填I am ready to express my ideas to others“我准备好向其他人表达我的想法”。 【53题详解】 原句中的“无论”是关键词。结合语句“… what kind of person you are, you can shine in your own way.”可知，“无论”对应固定搭配“no matter”，位于句首，首字母大写，故①填No；②填matter。 Ⅸ．概要补全。 阅读文章，用恰当的短语或句子补全概要。补全部分总词数不超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个词。 The term (术语) “herd effect” has spread widely on Chinese social media in recent years. Open any app on your phone and you’ll see the same products, the same places, and the same choices—everywhere. But where does this term come from and what does it really mean? Its meaning has changed over time. It was first used to describe a herd (群) of sheep moving together whenever danger appears. They follow the herd because there is strength in numbers. Today, however, it means something different. The term now describes a common scene (场景) in daily life. People see what others are doing and simply copy it—not because they mean to, but because it saves them the trouble of thinking. This phenomenon (现象) is easy to notice in daily life. On social media, thousands buy the same things or visit the same places—all because someone popular posted about it. In schools, some choose activities or future plans based on what their friends pick. They just follow others, never stopping to ask if they truly like it. Why does this happen a lot especially among students? On the one hand, their days are packed with classes, training, and tasks planned by others, leaving almost no quiet moment to ask what they truly want. Over time, they forget how to think for themselves. On the other hand, the thought of being the only one who thinks differently scares them. This habit leads to a loss of self-identity (自我认同). Experts say the herd effect is common and can be overcome. They suggest that before joining any trend (潮流), young people should stop and ask: “Do I truly like this, or do I just not want to be different?” When a student picks something different, they may fear being different at first. But once they get into it, they realize no one really cares. This makes them less afraid of standing out. What’s more, they start to enjoy every day more, because they are doing what they truly want. In the end, thinking for yourself brings real growth. Summary The term “herd effect” is now widely used online. It first meant animals staying together to ______54______. Now it means that ______55______. This phenomenon happens a lot especially among students because of ______56______. Experts say young people should stop and think before following others, because making their own choices helps them become ______57______. In the end, thinking for yourself brings real growth. 【答案】54. stay safe 55. people copy others 56. busy schedules and fear 57. independent 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，解释了“羊群效应”的起源与现状，分析了其在学生群体中普遍存在的原因，并建议年轻人学会独立思考，做出自己的选择。 【54题详解】 由第二段“They follow the herd because there is strength in numbers.”可知，动物聚在一起是为了在危险出现时依靠数量优势获得安全，概括为stay safe。 【55题详解】 由第二段“The term now describes a common scene in daily life. People see what others are doing and simply copy it”可知，这个词现在的意思是人们看到别人做什么就照搬，概括为people copy others。 【56题详解】 由第三段“On the one hand, their days are packed with classes, training, and tasks... On the other hand, the thought of being the only one who thinks differently scares them.”可知，原因一是日程排满，二是害怕与众不同，概括为busy schedules and fear。 【57题详解】 由第四段“Once they get into it, they realize no one really cares. This makes them less afraid of standing out... because they are doing what they truly want.”以及第三段提到的反面结果“loss of self-identity”可知，做出自己的选择能让人不再盲从，找到自我，从而变得独立，概括为independent。 Ⅹ．书面表达。（15分） 58. 暑假不仅仅是假期，更是学生们成长(growth)，探索(exploration)，和放松(relaxation)的宝贵机会。学校公众号正在征集以“My Colorful Summer”为主题的文章。请结合你的假期经历，谈一谈你都做了些什么让假期生活变得多姿多彩，并阐述这些丰富的活动给你带来的变化与成长。 要求： 1. 80—100词； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 不出现本人的真实姓名和学校信息。 参考信息： Colorful activities in Summer Growth ● join in outdoor activities ● volunteer to do (义务做) ● share housework ● learn how to cook ● study abroad ● teach myself... Physical (taller, stronger...) Mental (more confident/more understanding/independent (独立的)) Study (study more efficiently (高效地) ...) Sports (become better at..) ... My Colorful Summer Summer vacation is not just a holiday. It’s a wonderful chance for us to grow, explore and relax.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 My Colorful Summer Summer vacation is not just a holiday. It’s a wonderful chance for us to grow, explore and relax. First, I volunteered at a local library. I helped children read picture books and organized fun reading games, like story-telling competitions. This made me more confident when talking to kids and more independent in planning tasks. Then, I learned how to cook simple dishes, such as tomato eggs and fried rice. Besides, I joined a basketball team and practiced every afternoon. I became stronger and better at teamwork. All these activities made my summer colorful and meaningful. I not only gained new skills but also grew a lot, realizing that small efforts can bring big changes. 【解析】 【详解】【总体分析】 ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态以“一般过去时”为主； ③提示：需包含具体活动、成长变化，并呼应“多彩暑假”主题。 【写作步骤】 第一步：开篇点题，引出多彩暑假的主题。 第二步：从题目提供的选项中选择典型活动进行描述，并说明活动带来的变化与成长； 第三步：总结全文，表明感受。 【亮点词汇】 ①volunteered义务工作 ②organized组织 ③meaningful有意义的 【高分句型】 I not only gained new skills but also grew a lot, realizing that small efforts can bring big changes.（运用了not only...but also...的并列句型） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重庆八中初二年级半期模拟考试 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷（共79分） Ⅰ．听力测试。（共30分） 第一节（每小题1分，共6分） 听一遍。根据你所听到的句子，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最恰当的答语，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 1．A．Good morning! B．How do you do? C．Nice to meet you, too. 2．A．The cheetah B．The African elephant. C．The frog. 3．A．With pleasure. B．Never mind. C．You’re welcome. 4．A．I hope not. B．Thank you! C．Sorry, I can’t. 5．A．I went there last week. B．It was great. C．I visited Moscow. 6．A．Good idea! B．Sorry to hear that. C．Here you are. 第二节（每小题1分，共6分） 听一遍。根据你所听到的对话和问题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 7．A．/fɪʃ/ B．/freʃ/ C．/’finɪʃ/ 8．A．Mapo tofu. B．Beijing roast duck. C．Hot pot. 9．A．He is quiet. B．He is outgoing. C．He is hard-working. 10．A．Water plants. B．Sweep the floor. C．Clean the windows. 11．A． B． C． 12．A．Tony. B．Tony’s father. C．Tony’s brother. 第三节（每小题1分，共4分） 听两遍。根据你所听到的长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 听第一段材料，回答第13和14小题。 13．What does the woman want to do next? A．To cook dinner. B．To invite his friends to his new house. C．To clean the bedroom. 14．When does the woman think is the best time to invite friends? A．This afternoon. B．Tomorrow. C．This weekend. 听第二段材料，完成15-16小题。 15．Who is more outgoing? A．Jack. B．Tom. C．Lily. 16．What is Jack better at than Tom? A．Playing basketball. B．Running. C．Making new friends. 第四节（每小题1.5分，共6分） 听两遍。根据你所听到的短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 17．Where is the garden? A．Next to the dining hall. B．Behind the classroom building. C．In front of the library. 18．How often do the students water the plants? A．Once a week. B．Twice a month. C．Every afternoon. 19．What do the students do with the vegetables grown in the garden? A．They take them home. B．They sell them. C．They eat them. 20．What does the speaker expect the students to be like to the earth? A．To be kind. B．To be honest. C．To be quiet. 第五节（每小题2分，共8分） 听两遍。根据你所听到的讲座内容，在横线处补全笔记。每空1词，并把答案填写在答题卡上对应的位置。 The speaker thinks if we watch dogs carefully, we can 24．_______ their “talking” to us. Ⅱ．语法填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 从A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Emily is a teenage girl from Gaithersburg. Her shyness made it difficult for ____1____ to make friends. Other kids about her age had many friends around, but she had ____2____ to play with. So she chose to spend time reading, and books have been a comfort (慰藉) for her. Emily used to read with her father. But unluckily, her father was ____3____ ill with cancer when she was in high school. From then on, books helped her to get through the most difficult times in her life. Thanks ____4____ the doctors, her father was saved in time. At the hospital, she found many kids also needed something to cheer them up, so she came up with a plan to help others with book reading and hoped reading can be a much ____5____ comfort. Emily wanted to start a book drive (捐书活动) and she explained her idea to her father. He encouraged her to carry out her plan. ____6____ book drive was called For Love & Buttercup, with the purpose of collecting books for kids with cancer in hospitals. The ____7____ step she took was to introduce her idea through the Internet. Secondly, she asked people in her community to give away books to kids in need. She didn’t expect the book drive to receive many ____8____ from the neighborhood. But to her surprise, it was ____9____ successful that plenty of local stations began reporting her book drive. Since Emily started the book drive, she has collected more than 10,000 books. Now Emily keeps ____10____ the book drive. She hopes to make the project reach more kids one day. 1. A. hers B. her C. she 2. A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody 3. A. seriously B. serious C. seriousness 4. A. of B. for C. to 5. A. big B. bigger C. biggest 6. A. The B. A C. An 7. A. one B. first C. once 8. A. answer B. answers’ C. answers 9. A. very B. too C. so 10. A. to run B. runs C. running Ⅲ．完型填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Why do you play games? Because they are interesting and besides, planning your next step, or ____11____ the rules… these are all “game” skills that you will meet in your life. Think about some games you played ____12____ a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. ____13____ games are loved by children for fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate (转变) life skills into meaningful lessons that teach children some of the rules they should follow in the rest of their ____14____, such as taking turns and teamwork. Children around the world play games ____15____ some of them can be helpful to work in the future. For example, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, and it would help ____16____ practice their quick and sharp eyes which are needed in hunting (狩猎). Many sports games____17____ people to have love for their country. The most famous games of all—the Olympic Games—bring players from around the world to take part in friendly competitions. People who watch the games wave their national flags (挥舞国旗), knowing that a gold medal is a win for all the____18____, not just the player who gets it. Sports can ____19____ help people in need. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People like to play it— some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a California soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. She provides poor children with not only soccer balls but also ____20____. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about the reason why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other ways of your life. 11. A. breaking B. making C. following D. changing 12. A. as B. like C. with D. for 13. A. Some B. Other C. Few D. Such 14. A. study B. life C. time D. school 15. A. if B. before C. because D. until 16. A. him B. them C. you D. us 17. A. need B. encourage C. advise D. ask 18. A. family B. team C. country D. world 19. A. also B. still C. hardly D. quickly 20. A. some skills B. enough food C. a big family D. a good future Ⅳ．阅读理解。（每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目答案标号涂黑。 A In the age of the Internet, do young people still need to spend time learning everyday life skills? To find the answer, we did a survey (调查) among 1,000 young people. Q: Why do you spend time learning life skills? Li: We live and learn. It’s fun to learn something new. Wang: I don’t want to ask my parents for help all the time in my life. Su: Learning something new is exciting. It is also a good way to relax. 21. What do young people think of learning life skills? A. All of them think it’s useful. B. Most of them think it’s helpful to them. C. Only a small number of them think they need it. D. They think they don’t need it. 22. _______ young people want to learn how to shop for food. A. 408 B. 339 C. 318 D. 452 23. Where can you find this chart (图表)? A. In a teen magazine. B. In a letter. C. In an ad. D. In a sports newspaper. B ①A food delivery driver (外卖骑手) became an online hero for his brave act. One day, he protected a 14-year-old girl from being bullied (欺凌) by a dangerous man on a street in Beijing, Xinhua reported. ②The girl was cycling when the man suddenly cut her off (超车抢道) with his bike, forcing her into busy traffic where she nearly got hit. Shockingly, the man kept chasing her, even pulling her off her bicycle! ③Luckily, the delivery driver Meng Shixiang saw this. He quickly stepped in, standing bravely between the girl and the man. He warned the man not to bully the little girl. Finally, the man left. This brave moment was caught on camera and spread quickly online. ④Faced with online praise, the 46-year-old man said, “I just did something small. I didn’t think much about it-I simply couldn’t stand by and watch the girl get bullied!” ⑤However, behind his courage lies a terrible reality. Meng has two sons with a rare genetic disorder (遗传疾病). This serious illness causes stiff joints (关节僵硬), bone problems, and heart issues. His elder son has had seven operations but remains disabled. ⑥To get better treatment, Meng and his wife brought their younger son to Beijing two years ago. He became a delivery driver because this job offers flexible (灵活的) time for hospital visits. Years of medical costs used up all their savings. At the worst time, medication costs reached 8,000 to 9,000 yuan per month. Meng once cried alone under a bridge, but never thought of giving up. ⑦________. Friends, relatives, and charities helped with money and supplies. Meng’s delivery company gave him special funds, and customers often showed understanding if orders were late. Best of all, a matching bone marrow donor (骨髓捐献者) was found! After a successful transplant in 2023, his younger son is now much healthier. ⑧“Beijing is full of warmth and love,” Meng says thankfully. “I’ve gotten so much help from people here, so I also want to help others when I can.” 24. How did Meng Shixiang save the girl? A. He had a fight with the bad man. B. He pulled the bad man off his bike. C. He kept warning the man until he left. D. He recorded the man’s behavior with a camera. 25. What can we infer about Meng from Paragraph 5 and Paragraph 6? A. He once had a terrible childhood. B. He has never been sad because of his hard life. C. He lives a hard life because of his two sick children. D. He planned to give up treating his children. 26. Which of the following can be put in ________? A. The girl was very lucky to have a good family. B. Thankfully, kindness found them too. C. In fact, Meng was very brave to save the girl. D. Meng went to Beijing with his wife and sons. 27. What can we learn from the passage? A. Bravery is the only way to solve problems. B. Never give up in any difficult situation. C. Kindness creates a cycle of love and help. D. Everyone can become a hero in daily life. C A bat and a ball cost $1.10 in total. The bat costs $1.00 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost? If you answered 10 cents, you’re not alone—most people give the same answer (the correct answer is 5 cents). It’s an example of how we often trust our first reactions (反应)—answers we feel are true. People give answers that “pop into their mind,” says cognitive (认知的) scientist Steven Sloman. We don’t spend much time reflecting (反思) and checking whether the answer is right or wrong. The bat and ball question helps explain why we often believe in unreal news. It is part of human nature to believe, says Sloman. And we are especially likely to believe straightforward information, such as news items or simple facts. Like a virus (病毒), one touch may be enough to spread it. Another explanation for the spread of unreal news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Waytz, a professor at the Kellogg School. In our mind, we want to believe things that are similar to our present opinions. For example, if you already have a bad opinion about someone, you’re more likely to trust bad stories about them. Over time, Waytz argues, “motivated reasoning can lead to a wrong social consensus (社会共识).” So, in a world where misleading information is common, is there a way to protect ourselves? “I don’t think it’s possible to train everyone to verify everything that they meet,” Sloman admits. “It is just too human to believe what others tell you.” However, training people to value fact-checking is important, he argues, especially in online communities. Think of the headlines and stories that are shared on your social media every day. Probably these are in agreement with your own worldview—but perhaps not all of them are true. “Develop a standard in your community. That is, we should check things and not just take them at face value,” Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.” 28. The author uses the example of the bat and ball question to show that ________. A. there is often more than one possible answer to a question B. simple questions can be harder than difficult ones C. people often forget skills that they learned at school D. many people give quick answers without thinking carefully 29. Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”? A. You are not sure a story on social media is true, so you search online for more information. B. You don’t believe a bad story about a soccer player because he plays for your favorite team. C. You read several reports about a topic before deciding what you think about it. D. You post a message online that gives your opinion about a news story. 30. What does the word “verify” mean? A. To make sure something is true. B. To express an opinion about something. C. To think about something for a long time. D. To check if a statement is a fact or an opinion. 31. What does Dr. Sloman advise people to do when facing information on social media? A. Share all the headlines with friends B. Check things instead of only taking them at face value C. Stop reading any news online D. Believe the stories matching their worldview 32. What would be the best title for the reading? A. Stop, Question, and Check B. Why We Believe What We’re Told C. Social Media and How to Use It D. A Great Discovery of the Human Mind Ⅴ．口语运用。（每小题1分，共5分） 阅读下面对话，从7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 A: What’s up, May? You look really sad. B: Yes, I feel terrible. A: What’s wrong? Tell me about it. ___33___ B: Well, I needed new shoes to wear to a party. ___34___ So I asked my sister if I could wear her new shoes. A: Did she agree? B: No, she refused. ___35___ But I took them when she was out and wore them to the party. But unluckily, on my way home, I fell and one of the shoes was broken. A:___36___ B: No, I can’t. I don’t think anyone will be able to do that. A: Then you must tell her the truth. ___37___ B: I know you’re right. I’ll do as you say. A. Should I tell her about it? B. Can you repair (修理) it? C. Maybe I can help. D. No, it isn’t necessary to do it. E. Because she saved a lot of money to buy them. F. But I didn’t have enough pocket money to buy a pair. G. If you aren’t honest, she’ll be even angrier with you. 第Ⅱ卷（共51分） Ⅵ．任务型阅读。（第62、63题每题2分，第64、65题3分，共10分） 阅读下文并回答问题。 Bats are not birds. They are the only mammals (哺乳动物) that can truly fly. Most people are afraid of bats, because they believe bats are scary, dirty and dangerous animals that spread illness. In fact, most bats are harmless to humans and they have special abilities that support both forests and farmland. Bats are very useful for our world. Most small bats feed on harmful insects (昆虫). A single bat can eat thousands of tiny insects every night, which helps farmers cut down the use of harmful pesticides (农药). Some fruit bats help forest development by dropping seeds when they eat fruits. What’s more, some kinds of bats work just like bees, pollinating wild flowers and helping plants produce fruits and seeds. Bats use a special skill called echolocation to find their way in dark places. They send out sound waves and receive returning signals. This helps them hunt insects and stay away from walls or trees. Unfortunately, bat numbers are dropping fast in recent years. Human activities are the main cause. Forest destruction (破坏) cuts down their living space. Meanwhile, light pollution and human fear make it harder for bats to live safely. Protecting bats means protecting our whole ecosystem. 38. Do most people have right opinions about bats? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 39. How do bats fly and hunt in the dark? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 40. If the number of bats keeps falling, what possible changes may we see in farmland and forests? Give at least two results. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What can we do to protect these ugly but helpful small wild animals like bats?（at least two points and around 25 words） ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅶ．词性转换。 用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空不限一词。（每小题1分，共8分） 42. His sudden ________ (arrive) surprised everyone at the meeting yesterday. 43. “Would you like to go with me?” Tom asked. She ________ (nod) in reply. 44. Many people prefer to stay _______ (comfortable) at home during National Day. 45. Richard is _______ (hard-working) than me, so I often do better in schoolwork than he does. 46. The guide reminded the visitors ________ (not touch) the ancient Chinese paintings in the museum. 47. One of the most amazing ________ (similar) between bees and ants is that they live and work in groups. 48. We had a _______ (pleasure) conversation about traditional Chinese culture in the class meeting. 49. The vet kept trying to save the poor little dog, but it was still _______. (die) Ⅷ.完成句子。（每小题2分，共8分） 1. I had close friends at school. 2. My Chinese teacher noticed my shyness. 3. I, ready, my, am, to, ideas, express, to, others 4. 无论你是什么样的人，你都可以以自己的方式发光。 My name is Jack Green. I used to be a shy and quiet boy. I was afraid to speak in public. 1. I _______ _______ close friends at school. (否定句) 2. _______ _______ my shyness? (对画线部分提问) My Chinese teacher. She encouraged me to join the school speech club. At first, I felt nervous when I stood on the stage. But I kept practising my speeches and communicated with my partners patiently. Gradually, I became more outgoing and confident. Now I have lots of good friends.3. _____________________ (连词成句) I also realize that being different is not a bad thing. Our personal differences make our school life more colorful. We should learn to accept ourselves and respect others’ differences.4. _______ _______ what kind of person you are, you can shine in your own way. (完成译句) 50. I _______ _______ close friends at school. (否定句) 51. _______ _______ my shyness? (对画线部分提问) 52. _____________________. (连词成句) 53. _______ _______ what kind of person you are, you can shine in your own way. (完成译句) Ⅸ．概要补全。 阅读文章，用恰当的短语或句子补全概要。补全部分总词数不超过30词，不能照抄原文连续超过3个词。 The term (术语) “herd effect” has spread widely on Chinese social media in recent years. Open any app on your phone and you’ll see the same products, the same places, and the same choices—everywhere. But where does this term come from and what does it really mean? Its meaning has changed over time. It was first used to describe a herd (群) of sheep moving together whenever danger appears. They follow the herd because there is strength in numbers. Today, however, it means something different. The term now describes a common scene (场景) in daily life. People see what others are doing and simply copy it—not because they mean to, but because it saves them the trouble of thinking. This phenomenon (现象) is easy to notice in daily life. On social media, thousands buy the same things or visit the same places—all because someone popular posted about it. In schools, some choose activities or future plans based on what their friends pick. They just follow others, never stopping to ask if they truly like it. Why does this happen a lot especially among students? On the one hand, their days are packed with classes, training, and tasks planned by others, leaving almost no quiet moment to ask what they truly want. Over time, they forget how to think for themselves. On the other hand, the thought of being the only one who thinks differently scares them. This habit leads to a loss of self-identity (自我认同). Experts say the herd effect is common and can be overcome. They suggest that before joining any trend (潮流), young people should stop and ask: “Do I truly like this, or do I just not want to be different?” When a student picks something different, they may fear being different at first. But once they get into it, they realize no one really cares. This makes them less afraid of standing out. What’s more, they start to enjoy every day more, because they are doing what they truly want. In the end, thinking for yourself brings real growth. Summary The term “herd effect” is now widely used online. It first meant animals staying together to ______54______. Now it means that ______55______. This phenomenon happens a lot especially among students because of ______56______. Experts say young people should stop and think before following others, because making their own choices helps them become ______57______. In the end, thinking for yourself brings real growth. Ⅹ．书面表达。（15分） 58. 暑假不仅仅是假期，更是学生们成长(growth)，探索(exploration)，和放松(relaxation)的宝贵机会。学校公众号正在征集以“My Colorful Summer”为主题的文章。请结合你的假期经历，谈一谈你都做了些什么让假期生活变得多姿多彩，并阐述这些丰富的活动给你带来的变化与成长。 要求： 1. 80—100词； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 不出现本人的真实姓名和学校信息。 参考信息： Colorful activities in Summer Growth ● join in outdoor activities ● volunteer to do (义务做) ● share housework ● learn how to cook ● study abroad ● teach myself... Physical (taller, stronger...) Mental (more confident/more understanding/independent (独立的)) Study (study more efficiently (高效地) ...) Sports (become better at..) ... My Colorful Summer Summer vacation is not just a holiday. It’s a wonderful chance for us to grow, explore and relax.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $