Unit 5 Humans and Nature（复习讲义）英语北师大版必修第二册

北师大版必修第二册 Unit 5 Humans and Nature（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 通过听、说、读、看、写等活动，了解自然灾害与人类活动的关系，并能讨论抗灾救险相关话题； 2. 合理使用听力策略，理解说话者在救援报道中表达的态度与情感； 3. 使用所学语言表达观点，并在讨论中就“人与自然”交流看法； 4. 使用所学语言编写一份科学、清晰的灾难逃生手册。 复习重难点 重点：关系副词（when / where / why）引导的定语从句　难点：灾难逃生手册的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1：survive No one survived the car crash. 没有人在这起车祸中幸存。 [双语释义] ◆ vt. / vi. to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness （事故、战争或疾病之后）幸存 ◆ vi. to continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger or hardship （尤指身处危险或艰难）活下来 ◆ vt. to live or continue in spite of difficult circumstances 挺过，熬过 [积累拓展] survive the storm / earthquake / crisis 在风暴／地震／危机中幸存 survive on sth. 靠……维持生命：survive on bread and water survival n. 幸存，存活；survivor n. 幸存者 [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Only 30% of the local people ________ (在地震中幸存). 2. A lot of small companies didn't ________ (挺过金融危机). 3. The climbers had to ________ (靠面包和水维持生命) for three days. 知识点2：equal ...the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly... ……第二，在两个体积相等的物体之间，圆形的物体下落得更快…… [双语释义] ◆ adj. the same in size, number, amount, value etc. as something else 相等的，相同的 ◆ adj. having the same rights or opportunities as everyone else 平等的 ◆ adj. having the ability to deal with a problem successfully 能胜任的 ◆ vt. to be exactly the same in size, number, or amount as sth else 等于 [积累拓展] be equal to the task / challenge 胜任这项任务／挑战 of equal value / size 同等价值／大小；equal rights 平等权利 equality n. 平等；equally adv. 平等地 [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Our education system should provide ________ (平等的机会) for all children. 2. Two plus one ________ (等于) three. 3. I'm not sure whether he ________ (能胜任这项任务). 知识点3：escape Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape. 我不再等待，跳进海里试图逃生。 [双语释义] ◆ vi. / vt. to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 逃脱，摆脱 ◆ vi. to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner 逃跑，逃走 ◆ vt. to avoid something unpleasant or dangerous 避开，避免 [积累拓展] escape from + 地点 从……逃出；escape doing 避免做 escape punishment / death / injury 免于惩罚／死里逃生／未受伤 a narrow escape 九死一生 [即时小练] 完成句子 1. She managed to ________ (从燃烧的汽车中逃出来). 2. Both drivers were lucky to ________ (没有受伤). 3. The prisoner tried to ________ (越狱) but was caught soon. 知识点4：trap Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings. 救援队设法营救被困在建筑物下的人。 [双语释义] ◆ vt. to prevent someone from escaping from somewhere, especially a dangerous place 困住，使陷于危险中 ◆ n. a piece of equipment for catching animals 夹子，罗网，陷阱 ◆ n. a clever trick used to catch someone 圈套，诡计 [积累拓展] be trapped in / under 被困在……里／下：be trapped in the fire set a trap 设置陷阱；fall into a trap 落入圈套 过去式、过去分词双写 p：trapped [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Twenty miners ________ (被困在地下) after the accident. 2. I didn't take the money, because I was worried it might be ________ (一个圈套). 3. If you ________ (被困在废墟下), tap on a pipe to attract rescuers. 知识点5：attempt What happens in rescue attempts? 救援行动中会发生什么？ [双语释义] ◆ n. an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult 努力，尝试，企图 ◆ vt. to try to do something, especially something difficult 试图，尝试 [积累拓展] make an attempt to do / at doing 试图做某事 attempt to do sth. 试图做某事（比 try 正式） at the first attempt 第一次尝试；in an attempt to do 为了做…… [即时小练] 完成句子 1. She passed her driving test ________ (第一次尝试就). 2. They ________ (试图营救) the trapped miners all night. 3. He ________ (试图打破纪录) but failed in the end. 知识点6：measure We should take measures to protect endangered animals. 我们应该采取措施保护濒危动物。 [双语释义] ◆ vt. to find the size, length, or amount of something 估量，衡量，测量 ◆ n. an action, especially an official one, intended to deal with a problem 措施，办法 [积累拓展] take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 measurement n. 测量，尺寸；measurable adj. 可测量的 作“措施”时必须用复数 measures [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Emergency ________ (措施) have been taken to reduce the loss. 2. The rescue teams ________ (测量了水深) before they went in. 3. The government must ________ (采取措施) to protect the environment. 知识点7：话题词汇拓展 1. tsunami n. 海啸 　由海底地震、滑坡或火山喷发引起 2. avalanche n. 雪崩 3. landslide n. 山体滑坡，塌方 　land + slide 合成词 4. aftershock n. （地震的）余震 　after- 前缀 5. evacuation n. 疏散，撤离 　evacuate v. 疏散 6. magnitude n. （地震）震级 　a 7.8 magnitude earthquake 7.8 级地震 7. debris n. 碎片，残骸 8. rubble n. 瓦砾，碎石 9. first aid n. 急救 　first + aid 合成词 10. emergency n. 紧急情况，突发事件 　emergency shelter 应急避难所 11. carbon monoxide n. 一氧化碳 　缩写 CO 12. wildfire n. 野火 　wild + fire 合成词 13. heatwave n. 热浪 　heat + wave 合成词 14. blizzard n. 暴风雪 15. famine n. 饥荒 　常为持续干旱的后果 16. sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 　sand + storm 合成词 17. storm surge n. 风暴潮 　飓风引发的巨浪 18. climate change n. 气候变化 19. renewable energy n. 可再生能源 20. sustainable adj. 可持续的 　sustainable development 可持续发展 单元语法：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句用来修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语（即关系词在从句中作状语）时，要用关系副词引导。 关系副词引导的定语从句的构成是：先行词（表示时间／地点／reason）+ 关系副词（when / where / why）+ 定语从句。 难点提示： 1. 关系副词的基本结构 when：先行词为表示时间的词（day, time, moment, period, occasion 等），在从句中作时间状语，相当于 at / in / on / during which。 where：先行词为表示地点的词（place, house, area, town, site, park 等），在从句中作地点状语，相当于 in / at / on / under which。 why：先行词为 reason，在从句中作原因状语，相当于 for which。 被动语态：定语从句为被动语态时关系副词用法不变，如 the park where animals and plants can be protected。 2. 使用关系副词，“先行词”有时是一个具体的时间、地点名词（如例 1），但在更多情况下是表示抽象场合、时期或情形的词（如例 2、例 3） 例 1：I'll never forget the day when I won the first prize in the 100-metre race. （day 为具体时间名词） 例 2：It is a challenging job where you are doing something serious but interesting. （job 表抽象“场合”） 例 3：We went through the period when communications were quite difficult in rural areas. （period 表抽象“时期”） 3. 关系副词与“介词 + 关系代词”可以互换，介词由从句中的搭配决定。比较下列句子 She lost the pen for which she had paid twenty dollars. （pay ... for ...，介词用 for） She lost the pen on which she had spent twenty dollars. （spend ... on ...，介词用 on） 换算：when = at / in / on / during + which；where = in / at / on / under + which；why = for + which。 4. 关系代词和关系副词可以用在相似的句子中，区分的关键是看从句缺少的成分。比较下列句子 The child often goes to the store which / that sells all kinds of toys. （把 the store 放回从句，从句成立，缺主语 → 关系代词） The child often goes to the store where all kinds of toys are sold. （把 the store 放回从句，从句不成立，成分已完整 → 关系副词） This is the school that / which we built last year. （built 缺宾语 → 关系代词） This is the school where my mother used to work. （从句完整 → 关系副词） 5. 同一个先行词 reason，从句成分不同，关系词也不同。比较下列句子 This is the reason why he didn't go to school yesterday. （从句完整 → 关系副词 why） This is the reason that / which he gave us. （gave us 缺宾语 → 关系代词，可省略） 注意：主语为 the reason 时，表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because：The reason is that ... [即时小练] 1. 用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1) I still live in the place ________ I was born. 2) It is a challenging job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. 3) It also keeps a record of the date ________ they will travel. 4) John has been unwell, and this may be the reason ________ he lost the match. 5) This is the reason ________ he gave us. 6) This is the school ________ we built last year. 7) I'll never forget the day ________ I won the first prize in the 100-metre race. 8) Many countries are setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. 9) We went through the period ________ communications were quite difficult in rural areas. 10) Winter is the time of a year ________ days are short and nights are long. 2. 翻译下列句子。 1) 我将永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。 2) 这是我两年前居住的房子。 3) 他迟到是因为他睡过头了。 4) 这是我妈妈工作的医院。 5) 我仍然记得我们一起在农场劳动的日子。 （时间：60分钟） 1、 单词拼写 根据首字母或中文提示填写单词。（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 1. Only a few people s________ the terrible earthquake. 2. The rescue team arrived at the s________ two hours later. 3. Twenty miners were t________ underground after the accident. 4. We must take m________ to reduce the loss of life. 5. The earthquake completely d________ more than 250 buildings. 6. People hurried to seek s________ when the heavy rain began. 7. He was seriously i________ in the accident and was sent to hospital. 8. Unluckily, their food r________ out before the rescue team arrived. 9. Keep c________ the moment the ground begins to shake. 10. A huge w________ covered our boat and my brother fell into the sea. 2、 完型填空 When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___. When I first arrived in Czech Republic four years ago I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English, and then at the end of the year-long exchange programme, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there. At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most ___5___ languages in the world. As I ___6___ knowledge of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practised all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew. The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident. In May, I received a notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone, “One student, she is from China with merely three years of learning Czech; she ____10____. She deserves a golden folder for the certification.” My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready. 1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. campus 2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student 3. A. finishing B. chatting C. examining D. preparing 4. A. injury B. ability C. challenge D. benefit 5. A. different B. difficult C. common D. popular 6. A. lacked B. removed C. increased D. reduced 7. A. desire B. fear C. confidence D. burden 8. A. bothered B. stressed C. ashamed D. encouraged 9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. revised 10. A. dealt with B. gave up C. made it D. calmed down 三、阅读理解 A Earn Money This Summer with Sunny Libraries! Do you have too much free time this summer vacation? Do you need a summer job to earn extra money? Do you want to be involved in your community (社区)? Sunny Area Library System (SALS) has job opportunities for high school students. These are good chances to get work experience. Book Theater brings children's book stories to life. It has shows at all Sunny Libraries. Applicants should enjoy performing in front of an audience and working with young children. Work Hours: Practice: Fridays 4:00 pm-6:00 pm Performance: Tuesdays 10:00 am Rate of Pay: $16/performance Computer Tutor helps guests to deal with technology problems, involving Internet searches and using the SALS Website to find materials. Applicants should have computer skills. Work Hours: Monday-Friday 9:00 am-5:00 pm Rate of Pay: $8/hour Bookmobile helps the driver find the routes to libraries. The truck you work in is air-conditioned, and the driver is friendly. Applicants must be able to lift heavy boxes. Work Hours: Sunday and Friday 9:00 am-4:00 pm Rate of Pay: $10/hour Reader Desk provides service with a smile while checking materials in and out to guests. Friendly attitude and ability to work on library data system required. Work Hours: Monday-Tuesday 8:00am-4:00pm Rate of Pay: $ 7.50/hour 1. If you are interested in acting, ________should be your choice. A. Book Theater B. Bookmobile C. Computer Tutor D. Reader Desk 2. If you get the job of “Bookmobile", you are expected to ________ A. work with young children B. lift heavy boxes C. check materials for guests D. repair computers 3. The purpose of the advertisement is to ________. A. attract students to libraries B. raise money for libraries C. introduce new books D. offer job opportunities B Adom Appiah, is not your typical High School Junior. He has taken his volunteerism to a whole new level by starting a nonprofit charity organization called Ball4Good. Amazingly, this innovative organization was a result of Adom’s 7th grade school assignment. At age 12, his history teacher, Mrs. Kelsea Turner, at Spartanburg Day School, had challenged her students to dedicate 20% of their class time to a service project. She suggested that they research a community need and then work independently on finding a solution. Adom was inspired. Adom had great passion for playing sports as a soccer and basketball player. So, he naturally thought of combining sports and community support into an athletics-oriented service project. His idea was to invite athletes, leaders and celebrities to play ball games to raise money for local charities. Ball4Good held its first Celebrity Basketball Game in 2017. He used donations received on his 13th birthday as seed money for the event. It was a huge success and raised over $70,000 for 13 local charities. Then, Adom’s idea has transformed into a movement that is helping communities through various ways such as celebrity sport events, charity drives and fundraising. It donates raised funds to various causes affecting children, such as autism, homelessness, abuse and cancer. If all these accomplishments about Ball4Good were not enough, the teen has also authored three motivational children’s books to inspire students to change the world and bounce back from failures. Donations from book sales have supported several charitable causes. In addition, he won a National Award (Gloria Barron for Young Heroes, 2019) that comes with a $10,000 prize for his public service efforts. Having multiple projects has not slowed Adom down, as he is currently hosting his own show called Kids Changing the World on TV. “I try to have kids involved in every step of the way, so they can figure out how things work in the business and philanthropist world,” Adom said. He wants people to know that success starts with believing in yourself. His goal is to expand Ball4Good’s reach. He believes that by encouraging others to get involved, he’s multiplying the impact of Ball4Good. 4. What inspired Adom Appiah to start Ball4Good? A. Passion for sports and support from a community. B. A school assignment given by his history teacher. C. His experiences of being a soccer and basketball player. D. Athletes, leaders and celebrities he invited to play games. 5. According to the passage, we can learn that Ball4Good . A. aims to promote community sports B. held its first activity with Adom’s own savings C. helps communities simply through celebrity sport events D. uses raised money to help children in various difficulties 6. Which of the following can best describe Adom Appiah? A. Kind and humorous. B. Generous and patient. C. Innovative and inspiring. D. Hardworking and reliable. 四、书面表达 假定你是李华，你的好朋友Andy今年刚上高一，因为性格腼腆，认识的新朋友很少，所以感觉很孤单。为此，他给你写了一封信以寻求建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1. 你的建议及理由； 2. 你的祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Andy, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北师大版必修第二册 Unit 5 Humans and Nature（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 通过听、说、读、看、写等活动，了解自然灾害与人类活动的关系，并能讨论抗灾救险相关话题； 2. 合理使用听力策略，理解说话者在救援报道中表达的态度与情感； 3. 使用所学语言表达观点，并在讨论中就“人与自然”交流看法； 4. 使用所学语言编写一份科学、清晰的灾难逃生手册。 复习重难点 重点：关系副词（when / where / why）引导的定语从句　难点：灾难逃生手册的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1：survive No one survived the car crash. 没有人在这起车祸中幸存。 [双语释义] ◆ vt. / vi. to continue to live after an accident, war, or illness （事故、战争或疾病之后）幸存 ◆ vi. to continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger or hardship （尤指身处危险或艰难）活下来 ◆ vt. to live or continue in spite of difficult circumstances 挺过，熬过 [积累拓展] survive the storm / earthquake / crisis 在风暴／地震／危机中幸存 survive on sth. 靠……维持生命：survive on bread and water survival n. 幸存，存活；survivor n. 幸存者 [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Only 30% of the local people ________ (在地震中幸存). 2. A lot of small companies didn't ________ (挺过金融危机). 3. The climbers had to ________ (靠面包和水维持生命) for three days. [答案] 1. survived the earthquake　2. survive the financial crisis　3. survive on bread and water 知识点2：equal ...the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down more rapidly... ……第二，在两个体积相等的物体之间，圆形的物体下落得更快…… [双语释义] ◆ adj. the same in size, number, amount, value etc. as something else 相等的，相同的 ◆ adj. having the same rights or opportunities as everyone else 平等的 ◆ adj. having the ability to deal with a problem successfully 能胜任的 ◆ vt. to be exactly the same in size, number, or amount as sth else 等于 [积累拓展] be equal to the task / challenge 胜任这项任务／挑战 of equal value / size 同等价值／大小；equal rights 平等权利 equality n. 平等；equally adv. 平等地 [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Our education system should provide ________ (平等的机会) for all children. 2. Two plus one ________ (等于) three. 3. I'm not sure whether he ________ (能胜任这项任务). [答案] 1. equal opportunities　2. equals　3. is equal to the task 知识点3：escape Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape. 我不再等待，跳进海里试图逃生。 [双语释义] ◆ vi. / vt. to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation 逃脱，摆脱 ◆ vi. to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner 逃跑，逃走 ◆ vt. to avoid something unpleasant or dangerous 避开，避免 [积累拓展] escape from + 地点 从……逃出；escape doing 避免做 escape punishment / death / injury 免于惩罚／死里逃生／未受伤 a narrow escape 九死一生 [即时小练] 完成句子 1. She managed to ________ (从燃烧的汽车中逃出来). 2. Both drivers were lucky to ________ (没有受伤). 3. The prisoner tried to ________ (越狱) but was caught soon. [答案] 1. escape from the burning car　2. escape injury　3. escape from prison 知识点4：trap Rescue teams try to save people trapped under buildings. 救援队设法营救被困在建筑物下的人。 [双语释义] ◆ vt. to prevent someone from escaping from somewhere, especially a dangerous place 困住，使陷于危险中 ◆ n. a piece of equipment for catching animals 夹子，罗网，陷阱 ◆ n. a clever trick used to catch someone 圈套，诡计 [积累拓展] be trapped in / under 被困在……里／下：be trapped in the fire set a trap 设置陷阱；fall into a trap 落入圈套 过去式、过去分词双写 p：trapped [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Twenty miners ________ (被困在地下) after the accident. 2. I didn't take the money, because I was worried it might be ________ (一个圈套). 3. If you ________ (被困在废墟下), tap on a pipe to attract rescuers. [答案] 1. were trapped underground　2. a trap　3. are trapped under the ruins 知识点5：attempt What happens in rescue attempts? 救援行动中会发生什么？ [双语释义] ◆ n. an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult 努力，尝试，企图 ◆ vt. to try to do something, especially something difficult 试图，尝试 [积累拓展] make an attempt to do / at doing 试图做某事 attempt to do sth. 试图做某事（比 try 正式） at the first attempt 第一次尝试；in an attempt to do 为了做…… [即时小练] 完成句子 1. She passed her driving test ________ (第一次尝试就). 2. They ________ (试图营救) the trapped miners all night. 3. He ________ (试图打破纪录) but failed in the end. [答案] 1. at the first attempt　2. attempted to rescue　3. made an attempt to break the record 知识点6：measure We should take measures to protect endangered animals. 我们应该采取措施保护濒危动物。 [双语释义] ◆ vt. to find the size, length, or amount of something 估量，衡量，测量 ◆ n. an action, especially an official one, intended to deal with a problem 措施，办法 [积累拓展] take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 measurement n. 测量，尺寸；measurable adj. 可测量的 作“措施”时必须用复数 measures [即时小练] 完成句子 1. Emergency ________ (措施) have been taken to reduce the loss. 2. The rescue teams ________ (测量了水深) before they went in. 3. The government must ________ (采取措施) to protect the environment. [答案] 1. measures　2. measured the depth of the water　3. take measures 知识点7：话题词汇拓展 1. tsunami n. 海啸 　由海底地震、滑坡或火山喷发引起 2. avalanche n. 雪崩 3. landslide n. 山体滑坡，塌方 　land + slide 合成词 4. aftershock n. （地震的）余震 　after- 前缀 5. evacuation n. 疏散，撤离 　evacuate v. 疏散 6. magnitude n. （地震）震级 　a 7.8 magnitude earthquake 7.8 级地震 7. debris n. 碎片，残骸 8. rubble n. 瓦砾，碎石 9. first aid n. 急救 　first + aid 合成词 10. emergency n. 紧急情况，突发事件 　emergency shelter 应急避难所 11. carbon monoxide n. 一氧化碳 　缩写 CO 12. wildfire n. 野火 　wild + fire 合成词 13. heatwave n. 热浪 　heat + wave 合成词 14. blizzard n. 暴风雪 15. famine n. 饥荒 　常为持续干旱的后果 16. sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 　sand + storm 合成词 17. storm surge n. 风暴潮 　飓风引发的巨浪 18. climate change n. 气候变化 19. renewable energy n. 可再生能源 20. sustainable adj. 可持续的 　sustainable development 可持续发展 单元语法：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句用来修饰表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语（即关系词在从句中作状语）时，要用关系副词引导。 关系副词引导的定语从句的构成是：先行词（表示时间／地点／reason）+ 关系副词（when / where / why）+ 定语从句。 难点提示： 1. 关系副词的基本结构 when：先行词为表示时间的词（day, time, moment, period, occasion 等），在从句中作时间状语，相当于 at / in / on / during which。 where：先行词为表示地点的词（place, house, area, town, site, park 等），在从句中作地点状语，相当于 in / at / on / under which。 why：先行词为 reason，在从句中作原因状语，相当于 for which。 被动语态：定语从句为被动语态时关系副词用法不变，如 the park where animals and plants can be protected。 2. 使用关系副词，“先行词”有时是一个具体的时间、地点名词（如例 1），但在更多情况下是表示抽象场合、时期或情形的词（如例 2、例 3） 例 1：I'll never forget the day when I won the first prize in the 100-metre race. （day 为具体时间名词） 例 2：It is a challenging job where you are doing something serious but interesting. （job 表抽象“场合”） 例 3：We went through the period when communications were quite difficult in rural areas. （period 表抽象“时期”） 3. 关系副词与“介词 + 关系代词”可以互换，介词由从句中的搭配决定。比较下列句子 She lost the pen for which she had paid twenty dollars. （pay ... for ...，介词用 for） She lost the pen on which she had spent twenty dollars. （spend ... on ...，介词用 on） 换算：when = at / in / on / during + which；where = in / at / on / under + which；why = for + which。 4. 关系代词和关系副词可以用在相似的句子中，区分的关键是看从句缺少的成分。比较下列句子 The child often goes to the store which / that sells all kinds of toys. （把 the store 放回从句，从句成立，缺主语 → 关系代词） The child often goes to the store where all kinds of toys are sold. （把 the store 放回从句，从句不成立，成分已完整 → 关系副词） This is the school that / which we built last year. （built 缺宾语 → 关系代词） This is the school where my mother used to work. （从句完整 → 关系副词） 5. 同一个先行词 reason，从句成分不同，关系词也不同。比较下列句子 This is the reason why he didn't go to school yesterday. （从句完整 → 关系副词 why） This is the reason that / which he gave us. （gave us 缺宾语 → 关系代词，可省略） 注意：主语为 the reason 时，表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because：The reason is that ... [即时小练] 1. 用恰当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1) I still live in the place ________ I was born. 2) It is a challenging job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. 3) It also keeps a record of the date ________ they will travel. 4) John has been unwell, and this may be the reason ________ he lost the match. 5) This is the reason ________ he gave us. 6) This is the school ________ we built last year. 7) I'll never forget the day ________ I won the first prize in the 100-metre race. 8) Many countries are setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected. 9) We went through the period ________ communications were quite difficult in rural areas. 10) Winter is the time of a year ________ days are short and nights are long. 2. 翻译下列句子。 1) 我将永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。 2) 这是我两年前居住的房子。 3) 他迟到是因为他睡过头了。 4) 这是我妈妈工作的医院。 5) 我仍然记得我们一起在农场劳动的日子。 [答案] 1) where 2) where 3) when 4) why 5) that / which 6) that / which 7) when 8) where 9) when 10) when 2. 翻译下列句子。 1) I'll never forget the day when I joined the army. 2) This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3) The reason why he was late is that he overslept. 4) This is the hospital where my mother works. 5) I still remember the days when we worked together on the farm. （时间：60分钟） 1、 单词拼写 根据首字母或中文提示填写单词。（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 1. Only a few people s________ the terrible earthquake. [答案] survived [解析] 句意：只有少数人在这场可怕的地震中幸存。survive 为及物动词，后直接接宾语；叙述过去事件用一般过去时，故填 survived。 2. The rescue team arrived at the s________ two hours later. [答案] site [解析] 句意：两小时后救援队抵达现场。the earthquake site 地震现场；不定冠词与定冠词提示填名词 site。 3. Twenty miners were t________ underground after the accident. [答案] trapped [解析] 句意：事故后二十名矿工被困在地下。be trapped 被困住；被动语态用过去分词，注意双写 p。 4. We must take m________ to reduce the loss of life. [答案] measures [解析] 句意：我们必须采取措施减少生命损失。take measures to do sth. 采取措施；measure 作“措施”时须用复数。 5. The earthquake completely d________ more than 250 buildings. [答案] destroyed [解析] 句意：地震彻底摧毁了 250 多座建筑。destroy 表彻底毁坏（不可修复），与 completely 呼应，用一般过去时。 6. People hurried to seek s________ when the heavy rain began. [答案] shelter [解析] 句意：大雨骤至，人们赶紧寻找避雨处。seek shelter 寻求庇护；shelter 此处为不可数名词。 7. He was seriously i________ in the accident and was sent to hospital. [答案] injured [解析] 句意：他在事故中受重伤并被送往医院。be injured 受伤；被动语态用过去分词 injured。 8. Unluckily, their food r________ out before the rescue team arrived. [答案] ran [解析] 句意：不幸的是，救援队到来前他们的食物就吃完了。run out 为不及物短语，主语是物且无被动；用一般过去时 ran。 9. Keep c________ the moment the ground begins to shake. [答案] calm [解析] 句意：地面一开始摇晃就要保持镇静。keep calm 保持镇静；keep 为系动词，后接形容词。 10. A huge w________ covered our boat and my brother fell into the sea. [答案] wave [解析] 句意：一个巨浪淹没了我们的船，弟弟掉进了海里。wave 在此为熟词生义“海浪”，前有 a huge，用单数。 2、 完型填空 When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___. When I first arrived in Czech Republic four years ago I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English, and then at the end of the year-long exchange programme, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there. At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most ___5___ languages in the world. As I ___6___ knowledge of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practised all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew. The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident. In May, I received a notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone, “One student, she is from China with merely three years of learning Czech; she ____10____. She deserves a golden folder for the certification.” My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready. 1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. campus 2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student 3. A. finishing B. chatting C. examining D. preparing 4. A. injury B. ability C. challenge D. benefit 5. A. different B. difficult C. common D. popular 6. A. lacked B. removed C. increased D. reduced 7. A. desire B. fear C. confidence D. burden 8. A. bothered B. stressed C. ashamed D. encouraged 9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. revised 10. A. dealt with B. gave up C. made it D. calmed down 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述作者作为交换生在捷克克服语言难关，坚持努力，最终顺利通过毕业考试并圆满完成高中学业的经历。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：但其中最大的一次挑战无疑是我的高中毕业考试。A. speech演讲；B. exam考试；C. present礼物；D. campus校园。根据后文“The final exam day came”以及“I received a notice that I had _____ the exam”可知，全文围绕高中毕业考试展开。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：四年前刚到捷克时，我只是一名只会说英语的普通交换生，然后在为期一年的交换项目结束时，我萌生了在那里完成高中学业的想法。A. teacher教师；B. expert专家；C. engineer工程师；D. student学生。根据后文“at the end of the year-long exchange programme, I came up with the idea of ______ my high school studies there”可知，作者参与交换项目并继续在当地读高中，身份是交换学生。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：同上。A. finishing完成；B. chatting聊天；C. examining考试；D. preparing准备。根据后文“completing school in the Czech language”可知，作者打算留在捷克读完高中课程。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：但我当时没有意识到用捷克语完成学业的挑战性，捷克语被认为是世界上最难学的语言之一。A. injury伤害；B. ability能力；C. challenge挑战；D. benefit益处。根据前文开篇“amazed by how many challenges I have been through”可知，在捷克用当地语言上学是一大挑战。 【5题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。A. different不同的；B. difficult困难的；C. common普通的；D. popular流行的。根据后文“I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate”可知，作者因语言障碍成绩糟糕、被人质疑能否毕业，说明捷克语学习难度很大。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：由于我缺乏某些学科的知识，我的成绩垫底，身边的人都怀疑我能否毕业。A. lacked缺乏；B. removed移除；C. increased增加；D. reduced减少。根据后文“I received the worst marks”可知，作者学科知识储备不足、有所欠缺。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：渐渐地，我能流利与人交流，自信心也不断增长。A. desire渴望；B. fear恐惧；C. confidence自信；D. burden负担。根据后文“Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ______ and confident.”可知，此处指的是长期练习让作者语言进步，自信心随之提升。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：想到一路上所有帮助和支持过我的人，我备受鼓舞且充满自信。A. bothered烦恼的；B. stressed焦虑的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. encouraged受鼓舞的。根据前文“everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey”可知，他人的支持让作者内心受到鼓舞。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：五月份，我收到通知，自己通过了这次考试。A. passed通过；B. failed失败；C. avoided避免；D. revised复习。根据后文“At my graduation ceremony”以及老师当众夸赞可知，作者顺利通过毕业考试。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：一个学生，她来自中国，只学了三年捷克语；她做到了顺利完成学业。A. dealt with处理；B. gave up放弃；C. made it成功、做到；D. calmed down平静下来。根据后文“She deserves a golden folder for the certification”可知，老师称赞作者成功完成学业、顺利毕业。 三、阅读理解 A Earn Money This Summer with Sunny Libraries! Do you have too much free time this summer vacation? Do you need a summer job to earn extra money? Do you want to be involved in your community (社区)? Sunny Area Library System (SALS) has job opportunities for high school students. These are good chances to get work experience. Book Theater brings children's book stories to life. It has shows at all Sunny Libraries. Applicants should enjoy performing in front of an audience and working with young children. Work Hours: Practice: Fridays 4:00 pm-6:00 pm Performance: Tuesdays 10:00 am Rate of Pay: $16/performance Computer Tutor helps guests to deal with technology problems, involving Internet searches and using the SALS Website to find materials. Applicants should have computer skills. Work Hours: Monday-Friday 9:00 am-5:00 pm Rate of Pay: $8/hour Bookmobile helps the driver find the routes to libraries. The truck you work in is air-conditioned, and the driver is friendly. Applicants must be able to lift heavy boxes. Work Hours: Sunday and Friday 9:00 am-4:00 pm Rate of Pay: $10/hour Reader Desk provides service with a smile while checking materials in and out to guests. Friendly attitude and ability to work on library data system required. Work Hours: Monday-Tuesday 8:00am-4:00pm Rate of Pay: $ 7.50/hour 1. If you are interested in acting, ________should be your choice. A. Book Theater B. Bookmobile C. Computer Tutor D. Reader Desk 2. If you get the job of “Bookmobile", you are expected to ________ A. work with young children B. lift heavy boxes C. check materials for guests D. repair computers 3. The purpose of the advertisement is to ________. A. attract students to libraries B. raise money for libraries C. introduce new books D. offer job opportunities 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文，主要向高校学生提供一些暑假勤工俭学的用工信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据介绍Book Theater部分中“Applicants should enjoy performing in front of an audience and working with young children.( 申请人应喜欢在观众面前表演，并与儿童一起工作)”可知，如果你喜欢表演，可以选择去Book Theater，故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Bookmobile部分中“Applicants must be able to lift heavy boxes. (申请人必须有能力搬动很重的箱子)”可知，Bookmobile这里的工作人员需要搬动重箱子。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据Earn Money This Summer with Sunny Libraries!部分中“Sunny Area Library System（SALS）has job opportunities for high school students．These are good chances to get work experience. (阳光地区图书馆系统(SALS)为高中学生提供就业机会。这些都是获得工作经验的好机会)”可知，本文是给假期的孩子们提供工作机会的公告信息。故选D项。 B Adom Appiah, is not your typical High School Junior. He has taken his volunteerism to a whole new level by starting a nonprofit charity organization called Ball4Good. Amazingly, this innovative organization was a result of Adom’s 7th grade school assignment. At age 12, his history teacher, Mrs. Kelsea Turner, at Spartanburg Day School, had challenged her students to dedicate 20% of their class time to a service project. She suggested that they research a community need and then work independently on finding a solution. Adom was inspired. Adom had great passion for playing sports as a soccer and basketball player. So, he naturally thought of combining sports and community support into an athletics-oriented service project. His idea was to invite athletes, leaders and celebrities to play ball games to raise money for local charities. Ball4Good held its first Celebrity Basketball Game in 2017. He used donations received on his 13th birthday as seed money for the event. It was a huge success and raised over $70,000 for 13 local charities. Then, Adom’s idea has transformed into a movement that is helping communities through various ways such as celebrity sport events, charity drives and fundraising. It donates raised funds to various causes affecting children, such as autism, homelessness, abuse and cancer. If all these accomplishments about Ball4Good were not enough, the teen has also authored three motivational children’s books to inspire students to change the world and bounce back from failures. Donations from book sales have supported several charitable causes. In addition, he won a National Award (Gloria Barron for Young Heroes, 2019) that comes with a $10,000 prize for his public service efforts. Having multiple projects has not slowed Adom down, as he is currently hosting his own show called Kids Changing the World on TV. “I try to have kids involved in every step of the way, so they can figure out how things work in the business and philanthropist world,” Adom said. He wants people to know that success starts with believing in yourself. His goal is to expand Ball4Good’s reach. He believes that by encouraging others to get involved, he’s multiplying the impact of Ball4Good. 4. What inspired Adom Appiah to start Ball4Good? A. Passion for sports and support from a community. B. A school assignment given by his history teacher. C. His experiences of being a soccer and basketball player. D. Athletes, leaders and celebrities he invited to play games. 5. According to the passage, we can learn that Ball4Good . A. aims to promote community sports B. held its first activity with Adom’s own savings C. helps communities simply through celebrity sport events D. uses raised money to help children in various difficulties 6. Which of the following can best describe Adom Appiah? A. Kind and humorous. B. Generous and patient. C. Innovative and inspiring. D. Hardworking and reliable. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Adom Appiah创办非盈利组织Ball4Good帮助儿童以及他的成就。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“At age 12, his history teacher, Mrs. Kelsea Turner, at Spartanburg Day School, had challenged her students to dedicate 20% of their class time to a service project. She suggested that they research a community need and then work independently on finding a solution. Adom was inspired.(12岁时，他在斯帕坦堡走读学校(Spartanburg Day School)的历史老师凯尔西·特纳(Kelsea Turner)要求学生们拿出20%的上课时间来做一个服务项目。她建议他们先研究一下社区的需求，然后各自独立地寻找解决方案。Adom受到了启发)”可知，Adom创办了非盈利组织Ball4Good是受到了历史老师布置的作业的启发。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Then, Adom’s idea has transformed into a movement that is helping communities through various ways such as celebrity sport events, charity drives and fundraising. It donates raised funds to various causes affecting children, such as autism, homelessness, abuse and cancer.(然后，Adom的想法变成了一场运动，通过各种方式帮助社区，比如名人体育赛事、慈善活动和筹款。它将筹集到的资金捐赠给影响儿童的各种事业，如自闭症、无家可归、虐待和癌症)”可知，Ball4Good使用捐款帮助处于各种困难中的孩子们。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容“If all these accomplishments about Ball4Good were not enough, the teen has also authored three motivational children’s books to inspire students to change the world and bounce back from failures. Donations from book sales have supported several charitable causes. In addition, he won a National Award (Gloria Barron for Young Heroes, 2019) that comes with a $10,000 prize for his public service efforts. Having multiple projects has not slowed Adom down, as he is currently hosting his own show called Kids Changing the World on TV. (如果这些关于Ball4Good的成就还不够，这位青少年还写了三本励志儿童书籍，激励学生们改变世界，从失败中振作起来。图书销售所得的捐款支持了几项慈善事业。此外，他还获得了国家奖(格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖，2019年)，并因他的公共服务努力获得了1万美元的奖金。拥有多个项目并没有放慢Adom的脚步，因为他目前正在主持自己的电视节目《孩子们改变世界》)”以及倒数第一段的“He wants people to know that success starts with believing in yourself. His goal is to expand Ball4Good’s reach. He believes that by encouraging others to get involved, he’s multiplying the impact of Ball4Good.(他想让人们知道，成功始于相信自己。他的目标是扩大Ball4Good的覆盖范围。他认为，通过鼓励其他人参与进来，他正在扩大Ball4Good的影响力)”可推知，Adom是一个很有创新且鼓舞人心的人。故选C。 四、书面表达 假定你是李华，你的好朋友Andy今年刚上高一，因为性格腼腆，认识的新朋友很少，所以感觉很孤单。为此，他给你写了一封信以寻求建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1. 你的建议及理由； 2. 你的祝愿。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Andy, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Andy, I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble making new friends because of your shyness. So you often feel lonely. In my opinion, you can try to be out-going gradually. Say hello to others when you meet them and you are sure to get a smile in return. Also you can choose to take part in more sports clubs. In this way, you can make friends who share the same interests with you. The most important thing is that you should try your best to help others in need. Then you can have more true friends. I hope these suggestions will be useful to you. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好朋友Andy写一封回信，给予因为他认识朋友少，感到孤单以建议，并陈述理由和祝愿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有困难做某事：have difficulty doing →have trouble doing 在我看来：as far as I’m concerned →In my opinion 参加：join in →take part in 建议：advice →suggestion 2.句式拓展 句式转化 原句：I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble making new friends because of your shyness. 拓展句：I’m sorry to hear that you are having trouble making new friends because you are so shy. 【点睛】[高分句型1] In this way, you can make friends who share the same interests with you.（运用了who引导的定语从句） [高分句型2] The most important thing is that you should try your best to help others in need. （运用了that引导的表语从句） 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $