精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高二年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do Animals Dream? You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, ____1____ (call) slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change ____2____ her eyes move under her closed lids. Fluffy has entered the REM (Rapid Eye Movement), or dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs ____3____ (block), so she can’t run about. Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats, ____4____ (interrupt) their sleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly.____5____ they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and bent their backs at invisible enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams! What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed ____6____ (practise) important cat skills: stalking, pouncing, and fighting. In ____7____ study, Matt Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about! Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills ____8____ were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn. Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish ____9____ not. (They’re not sure about birds.) How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when ____10____ (lie) down. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adequate B. continentally C. dominated D. enforcement E. historically F. home G. location H. performing I. reuniting J. sought K. status Locally Extinct Rhino Is Back in Chad Pigs don’t fly yet, but rhinos do. Six black rhinoceroses were flown from South Africa to Zakouma National Park in Chad last week, ____11____ the threatened animal with a land it has not walked on in nearly five decades. Chad is one of several African countries that have recently ____12____ to start their own small black rhino populations in an attempt to protect the species from extinction. It is a participant in the African Rhino Conservation Plan, which hopes to significantly grow the number of rhinos in Africa over the next five years. Up until the mid-20th century, black rhinos ____13____ the landscape of Chad, grazing (吃草) and attracting tourists. But they also attracted poachers, who hunted them for their horns, which are displayed as ____14____ symbols. The population of black rhinos is down 97.6 percent since I960. Some estimate that as few as 5,500 are left on the continent according to the African Wildlife Foundation. Cathy Dean, chief executive officer of Save the Rhino, an advocacy group, said six black rhinos were not significant in the context of the 5,000 or so that exist ____15____. But it’s a good sign that Chad has a safe place to house rhinos now. According to the African Wildlife Foundation, 98 percent of the current black rhino population exists in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Namibia. South Africa, which is ____16____ to 40 percent of the rhinos, has already moved some of them to other countries, like Botswana. Zakouma National Park will be responsible for protecting the rhinos from poachers and providing them with a(n) ____17____ environment to live in. Transporting the animals to create a new population is a plan that can prove effective, Ms. Dean said “Some subspecies are ____18____ really well, with an annual growth rate at 9 percent or even higher,” she said in an email. But moving the rhinos to a place where they once were and no longer are isn’t enough. The population must be managed and protected, and law ____19____ must play a role, Ms. Dean said. There should also be biological management, guided by effective monitoring. The rhinos cannot be dropped into a(n) ____20____ and expected to mate. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ transition to the ____21____ world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. ____22____, everyone — from web academics to print analysts — says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ____23____. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be ____24____, wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably ____25____. As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had an 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a ____26____ phenomenon when it comes to books. Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn’t be ____27____. Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other. It was ____28____. So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the ____29____ mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly ____30____. The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____31____ the difference. Already 360 US papers — including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____32____ package. ____33____ print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn’t ____34____ news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print. Adrift on the web, the job of just being ____35____ becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. For instance B. To begin with C. After all D. On the other hand 23. A. fit B. emerge C. exist D. stop 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimised 25. A. changeable B. creative C. simple D. solid 26. A. similar B. scientific C. common D. cultural 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. either B. both C. neither D. all 29. A. figure B. crisis C. system D. service 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. complex B. modern C. mysterious D. joint 33. A. Even so B. What’s more C. On the contrary D. In other words 34. A. good B. big C. sad D. new 35. A. edited B. noticed C. updated D. spared Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Sometimes a stranger can significantly improve our day. A pleasant encounter with someone we don’t know, even a nonverbal exchange, can comfort us when no one else is around. It may get us out of our own heads — a proven mood booster — and help broaden our perspective. "People feel more connected when they talk to strangers, like they are part of something bigger," says Gillian Sandstrom, a psychologist and senior lecturer at the University of Essex who studies interactions between strangers. In research studies, Sandstrom has found that people’s moods improve after they have a conversation with a stranger — say, a Starbucks barista, a volunteer at a museum, or the person next to them in line. Overall, people report that they are happier on days when they have more interactions with acquaintances (泛泛之交) they don’t know well. And yet most of us resist talking to people we don’t know or barely know. We feel upset about the mechanics of the conversation-how to start, maintain, or stop it. We think we will blather on and disclose too much, or not talk enough. We worry we will bore the other person. We’re typically wrong. Sandstrom’s research shows that people underestimate how much another person will like them when they talk for the first time. In a study in which she asked participants to talk to at least one stranger a day for five days, 99 percent said they had found at least one of the exchanges pleasantly surprising, 82 percent said they’d learned something from one of the strangers, 43 percent had exchanged contact information, and 40 percent had communicated with one of the strangers again. Scientists believe there may be an ancient reason why humans are able to enjoy interacting with strangers. To survive as a species, we need to mate outside our own gene pool, so we may have evolved to have both the social skills and the motivation to be with people who are not in our tribe. You don’t even have to talk to complete strangers to reap the benefits. Multiple studies show that people who interact regularly with passing acquaintances or who engage with others through community groups, religious gatherings, or volunteer opportunities have better emotional and physical health and live longer than those who do not. 36. According to the passage, most people are ________ to talk with strangers. A. disappointed B. eager C. relieved D. unwilling 37. The figures in paragraph 3 are meant to illustrate that________. A. people feel better than expected after talking with strangers B. people may disclose too much if they communicate with strangers C. people should leave a good impression while talking with strangers D. people underestimate their ability to start a conversation with strangers 38. According to the passage, which statement are scientists most likely to agree with? A. Our social skills are declining with evolution. B. We enjoy interacting with strangers by nature. C. We prefer to communicate with strangers non-verbally. D. Our motivation to interact with strangers varies across cultures. 39. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Strangers are kinder than we think. B. Random interactions can be meaningful. C. We should be careful when talking with strangers. D. Interactions with acquaintances may not benefit us. （B） Ancient Greek pottery is one of our most important windows into ancient Greek life. Thousands of vases survive, painted with scenes from daily life, myths and sports. These vases were not made as museum pieces. They were ordinary objects used for drinking wine, storing oil or mixing water. Yet their paintings tell us far more than written texts about how ordinary people lived 2,500 years ago. In ancient Greece, pottery-making was a major craft. Workshops were usually small family businesses. Men shaped the clay on the potter’s wheel. Women sometimes painted the vases, though most painters were men. Some painters signed their work. Most did not. Many beautiful pots were produced for everyday use. Others were made as grave gifts, prizes for sports competitions or wedding presents. There are two main styles of painted Greek pottery: black-figure and red-figure. In black-figure style, figures are painted in black slip on the red clay surface. Details are cut into the black paint with a sharp tool. In red-figure style, the background is painted black, and the figures are left showing the natural red colour of the clay. Artists could draw much finer details with red-figure technique, so this style gradually became more popular. For modern researchers, these pots are precious evidence. Writers in ancient Greece mostly came from wealthy, educated male backgrounds. Their books often focus on upper-class men’s politics and wars. Pottery, by contrast, shows women, children, slaves and working-class people going about their daily activities. We can see weaving, cooking, farming, sports and religious ceremonies. Of course, we must be careful. Pottery painters were artists, not documentary photographers. They might exaggerate or omit details. But even with these limitations, ancient Greek pottery remains an invaluable source for understanding the past. 40. What was the original purpose of most ancient Greek pottery vases? A. To serve as practical daily-use objects. B. To be exhibited in public museums. C. To record important historical events. D. To win competitions for painters. 41. Compared with black-figure style, red-figure pottery ________. A. was mostly painted by women artists B. allowed artists to paint more detailed pictures C. used black clay as the main material D. was mainly used as grave gifts 42. Why are ancient Greek pots so valuable for modern researchers? A. Most of them have clear painter signatures. B. They only record the life of upper-class males. C. They show the lives of various groups of ancient Greeks. D. They are completely reliable documentary records of real life. （C） ‌“Moby-Dick” was, for me, one of those books classified as ‌“things you should have read a long time ago”. Plus, I am a mathematician. And despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that ‌“Moby-Dick” contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves (曲线) in existence — the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache — but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read ‌“Moby-Dick”, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it’s not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry (几何). Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, ‌“Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person’s cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both ‌“The Canterbury Tales” and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it — that’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 43. What inspired the writer to read ‌“Moby-Dick”? A. The topic of the book. B. His friend’s recommendation. C. His long-time interest in literature. D. There being some maths in the book. 44. The writer’s English teacher’s words are mentioned in paragraph 2 in order to . A. form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B. show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects C. protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D. imply that mathematics and literature haven’t received proper attention 45. What do Omar Khayyam, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A. All of them were famous novelists. B. All of them were in favour of reading widely. C. All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D. All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. B. There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. C. Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. D. Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. Section C 47. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Living in the Valley We had been living in our valley for sixteen months when we first realised the dangers that could exist in the surrounding hills and threaten our very survival. Until that time, we had felt safe and sheltered in our valley below the protecting hills. Soon snow began to fall. Within a day it lay some 15 centimetres deep. It almost completely blocked out the lane and made the streamside path slippery and dangerous. But on the neighbouring heights the snow was much deeper and stayed for longer. Up there the wind was fierce. ____47____ And yet we knew that there was reason for us to worry. The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly. ____48____ It reminded us of what could have occurred if circumstances had been different if the flow of water from the hills had not, many years before, been controlled, held back by a series of dams. In a short time the snow started to melt. Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west Grey clouds extended over the valleys. ____49____ We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river, which every day was becoming fuller and wilder The snow was gradually washed away as more and more rain streamed from the clouds, but high up in the hills the reservoir (水库) was filling and was fast approaching danger level. And then it happened—for the first time in years the reservoir overflowed. There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below. ____50____ Just a couple of metres from our hut the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge. It was far deeper than we’d ever seen it so near our home, angrily striking its banks. For three days we prayed that it would stay below its walk. Fortunately, our prayers were answered as the dam held and the waters began to withdraw. A. We can thus enjoy, rather than fear, the huge clouds that hang over the valley. B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm. C. It was the year when the storms came early, before the calendar even hinted at winter. D. They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. E. It was the river, the Ryburn, which normally flowed so gently, that threatened us most. F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Internet of (Bad) Things Don’t be fooled by its boring-sounding name: the Internet of Things (IoT). Actually, the IoT is a revolution in the making. It is a global network of devices that have been connected and able to exchange data with each other. Everything from TVs to lights to cars to... well, you name it. So soon your car will drive you to your destination, find the best parking spot, tell your house when you’re returning home, get the heating and dinner on, while your wristband monitor tells your TV what mood you’re in and fixes the night’s entertainment. Can’t wait for the arrival of this day — or left cold by it? It makes no difference: it’s coming your way. Frankly, I’d rather put the central heating on myself than have that IoT knowing more about me. But that’s not my biggest concern about the IoT. Relatively speaking, they’re the good guys. What bothers me is that in the race to roll out this tech, too little is being done to keep out the bad guys. Most of the underlying technology is scarily primitive (原始的). And with time, the IoT will no doubt become the target of choice among hackers and terrorists. Security experts are warning that the IoT already links together hundreds of millions of devices that are easy to attack. The resulting threat isn’t theoretical, either: one tech company recently exposed this by using the IoT to hijack baby monitors, spy remotely and take control of home computers. Meanwhile, the IoT grows ever larger: industry estimates suggest that within five years it will have connected up 10 times more devices than there are humans on Earth. So what can we do? I believe that our best hope lies in the good old-fashioned internet. We can use this to detect and alert each other to all the devices that threaten our safety and privacy. In short, we need to flip the threat from the IoT around, and make sure big businesses know we are keeping tabs on them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 排队时，务必与他人保持安全距离。（sure）(汉译英) 53. 家中要常备手电筒等应急物品，以备不时之需。（in case）(汉译英) 54. 正是民间艺术家们的大胆尝试、不断创新，才使传统技艺得到了保护和发展。（It）(汉译英) 55. 昨天发布的报告称，目前还缺乏足够的数据来确定不明飞行物究竟是何物。（determine）(汉译英) V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，他提到自己因为刚来上海读大学，生活(如饮食和同学交流)和学习(如中文授课)上都不太习惯。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1)你的建议； 2)你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Do Animals Dream? You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when Fido or Fluffy might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as your cat falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular and her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, ____1____ (call) slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change ____2____ her eyes move under her closed lids. Fluffy has entered the REM (Rapid Eye Movement), or dreaming, stage of sleep. Although she moves and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs ____3____ (block), so she can’t run about. Back in 1963, Michel Jouvet, a French scientist who was studying sleep in cats, ____4____ (interrupt) their sleep paralysis, the state of being unable to act or function properly.____5____ they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to chase balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and bent their backs at invisible enemies. He figures he was watching them act out their dreams! What were they dreaming about? Mostly, the dreaming cats seemed ____6____ (practise) important cat skills: stalking, pouncing, and fighting. In ____7____ study, Matt Wilson, a neuroscientist, recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes (迷宫). One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could locate exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about! Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and nail down recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills ____8____ were probably vitally important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn. Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, scientists think that all mammals dream, such as humans, dogs, lions, and whales, but fish ____9____ not. (They’re not sure about birds.) How often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when ____10____ (lie) down. 【答案】1. called 2. that 3. are blocked 4. interrupted 5. Even though##Even if 6. to be practising 7. another 8. that##which 9. do 10. lying 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了科学家通过观察动物的脑电波和行为来研究动物是否做梦，以及梦的目的等相关科学发现，涵盖了猫、老鼠、大象等多种动物的睡眠与做梦情况。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：她已经进入了睡眠的第一阶段，被称为慢波睡眠。has entered为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the first stage of sleep和call为动宾关系，需填过去分词called。 【2题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：大约15分钟后，你会注意到一个变化——她的眼睛在闭着的眼皮下转动。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明change的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，需用连接词that引导。 【3题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：尽管她在移动并发出小的咕噜声，但从大脑到腿部大肌肉的信息被阻断了，所以她不能到处跑。设空处为谓语，此处描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，messages和block为动宾关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，be动词用are，block的过去分词是blocked。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：早在1963年，正在研究猫的睡眠的法国科学家米歇尔·茹韦打断了它们的睡眠麻痹。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语Back in 1963可知，此处使用一般过去时。 【5题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：即使它们完全睡着了，做梦的猫也开始追逐茹韦看不见的球，并对看不见的敌人弓起背。根据语境，此处表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句，可以用even though或者even if引导，句首单词首字母大写。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数时候，做梦的猫似乎在练习重要的猫科技能：潜行、猛扑和打斗。seem to do为固定用法，此处强调动作正在进行，需填动词不定式的进行式to be practising。 【7题详解】 考查限定词。句意：在另一项研究中，神经科学家马特·威尔逊记录了老鼠学习迷宫时的脑电波。此处表示“另一项”研究，需用形容词another修饰名词study。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这可能解释了为什么这么多人梦到打架和逃跑——这些技能对我们的祖先来说可能至关重要，以及为什么做梦会影响我们的学习能力。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词skills，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。 【9题详解】 考查助动词。句意：科学家认为所有哺乳动物都会做梦，比如人类、狗、狮子和鲸鱼，但鱼不会。此处表示否定，与前面dream形成对比，fish为复数名词，需用助动词do与not构成否定。 【10题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管牛和马通常站着睡觉，但它们只有躺下时才会做梦。当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，可以省略主语和be动词，所以此处when后省略了they are，lie与主语they为主动关系，需填现在分词lying。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adequate B. continentally C. dominated D. enforcement E. historically F. home G. location H. performing I. reuniting J. sought K. status Locally Extinct Rhino Is Back in Chad Pigs don’t fly yet, but rhinos do. Six black rhinoceroses were flown from South Africa to Zakouma National Park in Chad last week, ____11____ the threatened animal with a land it has not walked on in nearly five decades. Chad is one of several African countries that have recently ____12____ to start their own small black rhino populations in an attempt to protect the species from extinction. It is a participant in the African Rhino Conservation Plan, which hopes to significantly grow the number of rhinos in Africa over the next five years. Up until the mid-20th century, black rhinos ____13____ the landscape of Chad, grazing (吃草) and attracting tourists. But they also attracted poachers, who hunted them for their horns, which are displayed as ____14____ symbols. The population of black rhinos is down 97.6 percent since I960. Some estimate that as few as 5,500 are left on the continent according to the African Wildlife Foundation. Cathy Dean, chief executive officer of Save the Rhino, an advocacy group, said six black rhinos were not significant in the context of the 5,000 or so that exist ____15____. But it’s a good sign that Chad has a safe place to house rhinos now. According to the African Wildlife Foundation, 98 percent of the current black rhino population exists in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya and Namibia. South Africa, which is ____16____ to 40 percent of the rhinos, has already moved some of them to other countries, like Botswana. Zakouma National Park will be responsible for protecting the rhinos from poachers and providing them with a(n) ____17____ environment to live in. Transporting the animals to create a new population is a plan that can prove effective, Ms. Dean said “Some subspecies are ____18____ really well, with an annual growth rate at 9 percent or even higher,” she said in an email. But moving the rhinos to a place where they once were and no longer are isn’t enough. The population must be managed and protected, and law ____19____ must play a role, Ms. Dean said. There should also be biological management, guided by effective monitoring. The rhinos cannot be dropped into a(n) ____20____ and expected to mate. 【答案】11. I 12. J 13. C 14. K 15. B 16. F 17. A 18. H 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了黑犀牛已经严重濒危，有六只黑犀牛从南非空运到乍得的扎库马国家公园进行保护。 【11题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：上周，六头黑犀牛从南非被空运到乍得的扎库马国家公园，公园使濒临灭绝的动物踏上它们已经将近50年没有进入过的土地。分析句子可知，park与reunite之间是主动关系，空格应处为动词的现在分词作状语，reuniting“使重聚”为现在分词，符合句意。故选I项。 【12题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：为了保护黑犀牛物种免于灭绝，最近有几个非洲国家联合起来开始建立自己的小黑犀牛种群，乍得是其中之一。分析句子和时间状语recently可知，空格处应为动词的过去分词，与have 一起构成现在完成时，sought“寻找”为过去分词，符合句意。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：直到20世纪中期，黑犀牛一直在乍得的景观中处于主导地位，它们在那里吃草，并吸引着游客。分析句子可知，空格处为动词，作谓语，时态是一般过去时， dominated“处于主导地位，控制”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：但它们也吸引了偷猎者，他们猎杀它们是因为它们的角是社会地位的象征。分析句子可知，空格应处为名词，作介词宾语，status“地位，身份”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：维权组织“拯救犀牛”的首席执行官Cathy Dean表示，与大陆上现存的约5000头黑犀牛相比，六头犀牛不算多。分析句子可知，空格处应为副词，修饰动词exist，continentally“大陆上地”为副词，符合句意。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：南非，是40%犀牛的家园，它已经将一些犀牛转移到了其他国家，比如博茨瓦纳。分析句子可知，空格在is后应处为名词，home“家园”为名词，符合句意，短语be home to“是…的家园”。故选F项。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：扎库马国家公园将负责保护犀牛免受偷猎者的偷猎，并为它们提供一个适合的生活环境。分析句子可知，空格处为形容词，作定语，修饰名词environment，adequate“适合的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A项。 【18题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：“一些亚种的表现非常好，年增长率达到9%甚至更高。”分析句子可知，空格处应为动词的现在分词，与are一起构成现在进行时，performing“表现”为现在分词，符合句意。故选H项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：Dean说，这些数量必须得到管理和保护，执法部门也必须发挥作用。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，enforcement“执行”为名词，符合句意，短语“执法部门”。故选D项。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：不能把犀牛扔到某个地方并期望它们交配。分析句子可知，空格处应为名词，作dropped into的宾语，location“地点，位置”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Transition. It’s a pleasant word and a calming concept. It means going surely and sweetly from somewhere present to somewhere future. Unless, that is, it is newspapers’ transition to the ____21____ world, an uncertain and highly uncomfortable process. Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher. All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more. ____22____, everyone — from web academics to print analysts — says so. Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ____23____. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US. It ought to be ____24____, wrecked by the move to the tablets which fit existing magazine page sizes so perfectly. But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small, with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably ____25____. As for news and current affairs magazines — which you’d expect to find in the eye of the digital storm — they had an 8.4% increase to report. In short, on both sides of the Atlantic, although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth. You can discover a ____26____ phenomenon when it comes to books. Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year. The apparent first step of transition couldn’t be ____27____. Yet, when booksellers examined the value of the physical books they sold over the last six months, they found it just 0.4% down. Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other. It was ____28____. So if sales in that area have fallen so little, perhaps the ____29____ mostly affects newspapers? Yet again, though, the messages are oddly ____30____. The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____31____ the difference. Already 360 US papers — including most of the biggest and best — have built paywalls around their products. However, the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____32____ package. ____33____ print is also a crucial tool in selling internet subscriptions. And its advertising rates raise between nine and ten times more money than online. Of course this huge difference isn’t ____34____ news for newspaper companies, as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive. But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print. Adrift on the web, the job of just being ____35____ becomes far harder. 21. A. publishing B. online C. ideal D. unknown 22. A. For instance B. To begin with C. After all D. On the other hand 23. A. fit B. emerge C. exist D. stop 24. A. regulated B. advancing C. collapsing D. minimised 25. A. changeable B. creative C. simple D. solid 26. A. similar B. scientific C. common D. cultural 27. A. later B. harder C. clearer D. slower 28. A. either B. both C. neither D. all 29. A. figure B. crisis C. system D. service 30. A. right B. vague C. designed D. mixed 31. A. made up B. told apart C. took over D. held on 32. A. complex B. modern C. mysterious D. joint 33. A. Even so B. What’s more C. On the contrary D. In other words 34. A. good B. big C. sad D. new 35. A. edited B. noticed C. updated D. spared 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨媒体行业转型，报纸向网络世界过渡充满不确定性，但杂志、图书行业并未出现预想的大幅衰败，全球报纸发行量也有区域差异，纸质版与数字版可以共存。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：除非，也就是报纸向网络世界转型，这是一个不确定且令人非常不适的过程。A. publishing出版的；B. online网络的；C. ideal理想的；D. unknown未知的。根据后文“Just look at the latest print circulation figures. The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher.”可知，纸质报纸发行量下滑，网站流量上涨，指报纸向网络世界转型。 【22题详解】 考查短语。句意：毕竟每个人——从网络学者到纸质媒体分析师都这么说。A. For instance例如；B. To begin with首先；C. After all毕竟；D. On the other hand另一方面。根据上文“All of that may well be true, depending on timing, geography and more.”可知，前句说这些情况很可能属实，本句作补充说明，既然大家都这么说，那就更是如此，用after all（毕竟）。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：然而停下来想一想，数一数那些并不契合的小事。A. fit契合；B. emerge出现；C. exist存在；D. stop停止。根据下文“But, in fact, the rate of decline in magazine purchasing is relatively small”可知，杂志行业并没有像大家预期的那样衰败，现实与普遍认知并不契合。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：它本该崩溃，因转向平板设备而遭到重创，平板设备和现有的杂志页面尺寸完美契合。A. regulated管控；B. advancing前进；C. collapsing崩溃；D. minimised使最小化。根据上文“Yet pause for a while and count a few little things that don’t ____. One is the magazine world, both in the UK and in the US.”可知，人们原本普遍认为杂志界会在平板冲击下走向崩溃。 【25题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但事实上，杂志购买量的下降幅度相对较小，订阅量保持强劲，广告业务也相当稳固。A. changeable多变的；B. creative有创造力的；C. simple简单的；D. solid稳固的。根据上文“with subscriptions holding up strongly and advertising remarkably ”可知，订阅量坚挺，与之并列，广告业务同样稳固。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当谈及图书领域，你会发现一个类似的现象。A. similar类似的；B. scientific科学的；C. common普通的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文“although some magazine areas went down, many showed rapid growth”杂志行业没有大幅衰败，以及下文“Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year.”可知，电子书虽热销，实体书销量几乎没降，与杂志是类似的情况。 【27题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：这场转型的第一步再清晰不过。A. later更晚；B. harder更难；C. clearer更清晰；D. slower更慢。根据上文“Kindle and similar e-readers are booming, with sales up massively this year.”可知，电子书销量暴涨，转型趋势看起来再清楚不过，couldn’t be clearer表示“再清楚不过”。 【28题详解】 考查代词。句意：不是非此即彼，而是两者皆是。A. either二者任一；B. both两者都；C. neither两者都不；D. all全部（三者及以上）。根据上文“Screen or paper, then? It wasn’t one or the other.”可知，屏幕或纸质并非二选一，而是两者共存。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：所以如果图书领域的销售额降幅如此之小，也许这场危机主要影响的是报纸？A. figure数字；B. crisis危机；C. system系统；D. service服务。根据上文第一段“The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian and many of the rest are down overall between 8% and 10% year-on-year, but their websites go ever higher.”讨论纸质媒体受数字化冲击、各处销量下滑可知，这被普遍看作一场行业危机。 【30题详解】 考查形容词。句意：但再说一次，相关信息却出奇的混杂。A. right正确的；B. vague模糊的；C. designed特意设计的；D. mixed混杂的。根据下文“The latest survey of trends by the World Association of Newspapers shows that global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than ____ the difference.”可知，西方销量下滑、亚洲上涨，信息好坏参半、混杂。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：西方销量回落，但亚洲的增量足以弥补这一差额。A. made up弥补；B. told apart区分；C. took over接管；D. held on坚持。根据上文“global circulation rose 1.1% last year (to 812 million copies a day). Sales in the West dropped back but Asia more than”以及下文“the difference.”可知，全球总发行量上涨，亚洲市场弥补了西方市场造成的缺口。 【32题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，吸引付费读者最好的方式似乎是一项套餐服务，将纸质版和数字阅读权限打包为某种联合套餐。A. complex复杂的；B. modern现代的；C. mysterious神秘的；D. joint联合的。根据上文“a deal that offers the print copy and digital access”可知，套餐同时提供纸质拷贝和数字访问权限，是纸电联合套餐。 【33题详解】 考查短语。句意：换句话说，纸质出版物也是销售网络订阅的关键工具。A. Even so即便如此；B. What’s more此外；C. On the contrary相反；D. In other words换句话说。根据上文“the best way of attracting a paying readership appears to be a deal that offers the print copy and digital access as some kind of ____ package”可知，纸电联合套餐正是以纸质版带动网络订阅，本句用另一种说法重申这一含义。 【34题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，这种巨大的差距对报业公司而言并不是好消息，因为同时维护活跃网站和纸质刊既困难、复杂又昂贵。A. good好的；B. big大的；C. sad悲伤的；D. new新的。根据下文“as maintaining both an active website and an active print edition is difficult, complex and expensive.”可知，同时维持双版本成本高昂，所以这个差距不是好消息。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在网络的汪洋中漂泊，仅仅被注意到这件事就变得艰难得多。A. edited被编辑；B. noticed被注意；C. updated被更新；D. spared被饶恕。根据上文“But newspaper brands still have much of their high profile in print.”可知，报纸品牌在纸质领域知名度高，转到网络后想被大众注意到会更难。 Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Sometimes a stranger can significantly improve our day. A pleasant encounter with someone we don’t know, even a nonverbal exchange, can comfort us when no one else is around. It may get us out of our own heads — a proven mood booster — and help broaden our perspective. "People feel more connected when they talk to strangers, like they are part of something bigger," says Gillian Sandstrom, a psychologist and senior lecturer at the University of Essex who studies interactions between strangers. In research studies, Sandstrom has found that people’s moods improve after they have a conversation with a stranger — say, a Starbucks barista, a volunteer at a museum, or the person next to them in line. Overall, people report that they are happier on days when they have more interactions with acquaintances (泛泛之交) they don’t know well. And yet most of us resist talking to people we don’t know or barely know. We feel upset about the mechanics of the conversation-how to start, maintain, or stop it. We think we will blather on and disclose too much, or not talk enough. We worry we will bore the other person. We’re typically wrong. Sandstrom’s research shows that people underestimate how much another person will like them when they talk for the first time. In a study in which she asked participants to talk to at least one stranger a day for five days, 99 percent said they had found at least one of the exchanges pleasantly surprising, 82 percent said they’d learned something from one of the strangers, 43 percent had exchanged contact information, and 40 percent had communicated with one of the strangers again. Scientists believe there may be an ancient reason why humans are able to enjoy interacting with strangers. To survive as a species, we need to mate outside our own gene pool, so we may have evolved to have both the social skills and the motivation to be with people who are not in our tribe. You don’t even have to talk to complete strangers to reap the benefits. Multiple studies show that people who interact regularly with passing acquaintances or who engage with others through community groups, religious gatherings, or volunteer opportunities have better emotional and physical health and live longer than those who do not. 36. According to the passage, most people are ________ to talk with strangers. A. disappointed B. eager C. relieved D. unwilling 37. The figures in paragraph 3 are meant to illustrate that________. A. people feel better than expected after talking with strangers B. people may disclose too much if they communicate with strangers C. people should leave a good impression while talking with strangers D. people underestimate their ability to start a conversation with strangers 38. According to the passage, which statement are scientists most likely to agree with? A. Our social skills are declining with evolution. B. We enjoy interacting with strangers by nature. C. We prefer to communicate with strangers non-verbally. D. Our motivation to interact with strangers varies across cultures. 39. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Strangers are kinder than we think. B. Random interactions can be meaningful. C. We should be careful when talking with strangers. D. Interactions with acquaintances may not benefit us. 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. B 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍和陌生人交流能够改善情绪，并阐述相关研究与背后的进化原因。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And yet most of us resist talking to people we don’t know or barely know.(然而我们大多数人抗拒和不认识或几乎不认识的人交谈。)”可知，大多数人不愿意和陌生人交谈。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sandstrom’s research shows that people underestimate how much another person will like them when they talk for the first time. In a study in which she asked participants to talk to at least one stranger a day for five days, 99 percent said they had found at least one of the exchanges pleasantly surprising, 82 percent said they’d learned something from one of the strangers, 43 percent had exchanged contact information, and 40 percent had communicated with one of the strangers again. Scientists believe there may be an ancient reason why humans are able to enjoy interacting with strangers.(桑德斯特伦的研究表明：人们会低估初次交谈时对方对自己的好感程度。在一项研究中，她要求参与者连续五天，每天至少和一位陌生人交谈一次。99% 的受试者表示，至少有一次交流带来了意外的愉悦感；82% 的人称从某位陌生人身上学到了东西；43% 的人与陌生人互换了联系方式；还有 40% 之后再次和其中一位陌生人进行了沟通。科学家认为，人类能够享受和陌生人交流，背后或许有古老的缘由。)”可知，这些数据用来证明：和陌生人交谈之后，人们的感受比预想的更好。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 “Scientists believe there may be an ancient reason why humans are able to enjoy interacting with strangers.(科学家认为，人类喜欢和陌生人互动或许存在古老的原因。)”以及第四段 “To survive as a species, we need to mate outside our own gene pool, so we may have evolved to have both the social skills and the motivation to be with people who are not in our tribe.(为了物种生存，我们需要在基因库外择偶，所以人类在进化中拥有社交能力以及和部落之外的人交往的动力。)”可以推断科学家会认同我们天生就喜欢和陌生人互动。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段 “Sometimes a stranger can significantly improve our day. A pleasant encounter with someone we don’t know, even a nonverbal exchange, can comfort us when no one else is around.(有时候一个陌生人能极大改善我们一天的心情。与陌生人愉快的相遇，哪怕是非语言的交流，也能在无人陪伴时抚慰我们。)”可知，文章说明这种随机的偶遇互动是有意义的，能改善情绪。 （B） Ancient Greek pottery is one of our most important windows into ancient Greek life. Thousands of vases survive, painted with scenes from daily life, myths and sports. These vases were not made as museum pieces. They were ordinary objects used for drinking wine, storing oil or mixing water. Yet their paintings tell us far more than written texts about how ordinary people lived 2,500 years ago. In ancient Greece, pottery-making was a major craft. Workshops were usually small family businesses. Men shaped the clay on the potter’s wheel. Women sometimes painted the vases, though most painters were men. Some painters signed their work. Most did not. Many beautiful pots were produced for everyday use. Others were made as grave gifts, prizes for sports competitions or wedding presents. There are two main styles of painted Greek pottery: black-figure and red-figure. In black-figure style, figures are painted in black slip on the red clay surface. Details are cut into the black paint with a sharp tool. In red-figure style, the background is painted black, and the figures are left showing the natural red colour of the clay. Artists could draw much finer details with red-figure technique, so this style gradually became more popular. For modern researchers, these pots are precious evidence. Writers in ancient Greece mostly came from wealthy, educated male backgrounds. Their books often focus on upper-class men’s politics and wars. Pottery, by contrast, shows women, children, slaves and working-class people going about their daily activities. We can see weaving, cooking, farming, sports and religious ceremonies. Of course, we must be careful. Pottery painters were artists, not documentary photographers. They might exaggerate or omit details. But even with these limitations, ancient Greek pottery remains an invaluable source for understanding the past. 40. What was the original purpose of most ancient Greek pottery vases? A. To serve as practical daily-use objects. B. To be exhibited in public museums. C. To record important historical events. D. To win competitions for painters. 41. Compared with black-figure style, red-figure pottery ________. A. was mostly painted by women artists B. allowed artists to paint more detailed pictures C. used black clay as the main material D. was mainly used as grave gifts 42. Why are ancient Greek pots so valuable for modern researchers? A. Most of them have clear painter signatures. B. They only record the life of upper-class males. C. They show the lives of various groups of ancient Greeks. D. They are completely reliable documentary records of real life. 【答案】40. A 41. B 42. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍古希腊陶器的原本用途、两种彩绘风格，以及它为何是研究古希腊各阶层民众生活的珍贵史料。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“These vases were not made as museum pieces. They were ordinary objects used for drinking wine, storing oil or mixing water.(这些花瓶并不是作为博物馆藏品制作的。它们是用来饮酒、储油或是调水的日常普通器物。)”可知，大多数古希腊陶瓶原本是实用的日用品。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Artists could draw much finer details with red-figure technique, so this style gradually became more popular.(艺术家可以用红绘技法画出精细得多的图案，所以这种风格慢慢变得更加流行。)”可知，和黑绘风格相比，红绘陶器可以让艺术家绘制更细致的图案。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For modern researchers, these pots are precious evidence.(对现代研究者而言，这些陶罐是珍贵的史料。)”“Pottery, by contrast, shows women, children, slaves and working-class people going about their daily activities.(与之相反，陶器展现了妇女、儿童、奴隶以及劳动阶层人群的日常活动。)”可知，因为它们展现了古希腊不同群体的生活。 （C） ‌“Moby-Dick” was, for me, one of those books classified as ‌“things you should have read a long time ago”. Plus, I am a mathematician. And despite my interest in literature, my intellectual priorities did not include a 400-page novel about whales. That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that ‌“Moby-Dick” contains a reference to cycloids. Cycloids are among the most beautiful mathematical curves (曲线) in existence — the French mathematician Blaise Pascal found them so distractingly fascinating that he claimed merely thinking about them could relieve the pain of a bad toothache — but applications to whaling are not usually listed on their resume. Curious, I finally read ‌“Moby-Dick”, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors. I realized further it’s not just Herman Melville; Leo Tolstoy writes about calculus (微积分), James Joyce about geometry (几何). Regretfully, the connections between mathematics and literature have not received the attention they deserve. In fact, they are often considered to be against each other. I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, ‌“Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both. The perceived boundary between math and literature is actually a very recent idea. For most of recorded history, mathematics was part of every educated person’s cultural awareness. The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both ‌“The Canterbury Tales” and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second. There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it — that’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure. 43. What inspired the writer to read ‌“Moby-Dick”? A. The topic of the book. B. His friend’s recommendation. C. His long-time interest in literature. D. There being some maths in the book. 44. The writer’s English teacher’s words are mentioned in paragraph 2 in order to . A. form a sharp contrast with the attainment he later made B. show that maths and literature are regarded as distinctive subjects C. protest against the unfair treatment he once received while young D. imply that mathematics and literature haven’t received proper attention 45. What do Omar Khayyam, Chaucer and Lewis Carroll have in common? A. All of them were famous novelists. B. All of them were in favour of reading widely. C. All of them were masters in both maths and literature. D. All of them were aware of the boundary between maths and literature. 46. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with? A. Both maths and literature are part of the pursuit to understand the universe. B. There is enough research on the connections between maths and literature. C. Taking on maths and giving up literature was not a wise choice for him. D. Mathematicians may find it hard to understand ideas embedded in literature. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者因发现《白鲸》含数学内容而阅读该书，并探讨了数学与文学之间的紧密联系。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“That all changed one day when I overheard a mathematician friend mention that ‌“Moby-Dick” contains a reference to cycloids.(这一切在某一天改变了，我无意中听到一位数学家朋友提到《白鲸》中提到了摆线。)”以及第二段中“Curious, I finally read ‌“Moby-Dick”, and was delighted to find that it is full of mathematical metaphors.(出于好奇，我终于读了《白鲸》，并高兴地发现其中充满了数学隐喻。)”可知，是书中包含数学内容激发了作者阅读《白鲸》的兴趣。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I recall that at the end of my very last English class at school, in 1991, the teacher gave me a lovely handwritten note with a long list of books she thought I might like, saying, ‌“Sorry to lose you to the lab.” The idea that one would have to choose between mathematics and literature is, I think, something of a tragedy — not only because the two fields are fundamentally linked, but also because understanding these links can enhance your enjoyment of both.(我记得1991年我最后一堂英语课结束时，老师给了我一张可爱的手写便条，上面列了一长串她认为我可能喜欢的书，并说：“很遗憾你被实验室夺走了。”我认为，人们必须在数学和文学之间做出选择的想法是一种悲剧——不仅因为这两个领域从根本上相互联系，而且因为理解这些联系可以增强你对两者的享受。)”可知，作者提到英语老师的话是为了说明数学和文学被视为截然不同的学科。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The 11th-century Persian scholar Omar Khayyam, to whom the poetry collection known as the Rubaiyat is credited, was also a mathematician, and created beautiful geometric solutions to mathematical problems. In the 14th century, Chaucer wrote both ‌“The Canterbury Tales” and a paper on the astrolabe (星盘，用于测量天体的距离). (11世纪波斯学者奥马尔·海亚姆是诗集《鲁拜集》的作者，同时也是一位数学家，并创造了优美的几何方法解决数学问题。14世纪，乔叟既写了《坎特伯雷故事集》，也写了一篇关于星盘的论文。)”以及第四段中“There are innumerable such examples, not least that of Lewis Carroll, who, of course, was a mathematician first and an author second.(这样的例子数不胜数，尤其是刘易斯·卡罗尔，他当然是先成为数学家，后成为作家。)”可知，奥马尔·海亚姆、乔叟和刘易斯·卡罗尔的共同点是他们都是数学和文学方面的大师。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“There is a deeper reason we find mathematics at the heart of literature. The universe is full of underlying structure, pattern and regularity, and mathematics is the best tool we have for understanding it — that’s why mathematics is often called the language of the universe, and why it is so vital to science. Since we humans are part of the universe, it is only natural that our forms of creative expression, literature among them, will also reveal a tendency for pattern and structure.(我们在文学的核心发现数学，有一个更深层的原因。宇宙充满了潜在的结构、模式和规律，而数学是我们理解它的最佳工具——这就是为什么数学常被称为宇宙的语言，也是为什么它对科学如此重要。既然我们人类是宇宙的一部分，那么我们的创造性表达形式，包括文学，自然也会展现出对模式和结构的倾向。)”可知，作者认为数学是理解宇宙结构的最佳工具，而人类作为宇宙的一部分，其文学等创造性表达也自然体现模式和结构，所以作者最可能同意“数学和文学都是人类理解宇宙这一共同追求的一部分”这一观点。 Section C 47. Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Living in the Valley We had been living in our valley for sixteen months when we first realised the dangers that could exist in the surrounding hills and threaten our very survival. Until that time, we had felt safe and sheltered in our valley below the protecting hills. Soon snow began to fall. Within a day it lay some 15 centimetres deep. It almost completely blocked out the lane and made the streamside path slippery and dangerous. But on the neighbouring heights the snow was much deeper and stayed for longer. Up there the wind was fierce. ____47____ And yet we knew that there was reason for us to worry. The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly. ____48____ It reminded us of what could have occurred if circumstances had been different if the flow of water from the hills had not, many years before, been controlled, held back by a series of dams. In a short time the snow started to melt. Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west Grey clouds extended over the valleys. ____49____ We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river, which every day was becoming fuller and wilder The snow was gradually washed away as more and more rain streamed from the clouds, but high up in the hills the reservoir (水库) was filling and was fast approaching danger level. And then it happened—for the first time in years the reservoir overflowed. There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below. ____50____ Just a couple of metres from our hut the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge. It was far deeper than we’d ever seen it so near our home, angrily striking its banks. For three days we prayed that it would stay below its walk. Fortunately, our prayers were answered as the dam held and the waters began to withdraw. A. We can thus enjoy, rather than fear, the huge clouds that hang over the valley. B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm. C. It was the year when the storms came early, before the calendar even hinted at winter. D. They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. E. It was the river, the Ryburn, which normally flowed so gently, that threatened us most. F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. 【答案】47. B 48. A 49. D 50. F 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者描绘了住在山谷里的情形，虽然那里有雨雪狂风和洪水，但是自从有了水坝之后，这个地方变得安全起来。 【47题详解】 根据前一句“Up there the wind was fierce.”可知，作者此处描述了山风，上面的风是猛烈的，而在作者所居住的山谷里，风过处，有惊无险。并与下文“The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly”呼应。选项B. Deep in our valley we felt only sudden fits of wind; trees swayed but the branches held firm(在山谷深处，我们只感到一阵阵风突如其来;树在摇摆，但树枝坚挺)符合语境，故选B。 【48题详解】 根据上一句“The snow and wind were certainly inconvenient but they did not really trouble us greatly.”可知，雪和风确实给我们带来不便，但实际上并没有给我们带来多大的麻烦。因此，作者面对突至的风雪并不担心，甚至可以安心享受，故选A。 【49题详解】 根据下一句“We had seen enough of the sky; now we began to watch the river…”可知，作者描述所看到的天上的情形，再根据上一句“Day after day, we watched clouds pile up high over the hills to the west Grey clouds extended over the valleys.”中，每天作者都在观察云的动向，选项D中“they”与前文中的“clouds”为代指关系，“They twisted and turned, rising eastwards and upwards, warning of what was to come. (它们扭来扭去，向东向上上升，预告着即将发生的事情。)”符合语境，故选D。 【50题详解】 根据空格前一句“There in the heights it was like the Niagara Falls, as the water flowed over the edge of the dam and poured into the stream below.”和后一句“Just a couple of metres from our hut the stream seemed wild beneath the bridge.”可知，作者以空间顺序描写了水库泄洪时，水流狂奔而下的情形，选项F. The river seemed maddened as the waters poured almost horizontally down to its lower stretches. (这条河似乎发狂了，洪水几乎是水平地向下游倾泻而下。)符合语境，故选F。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Internet of (Bad) Things Don’t be fooled by its boring-sounding name: the Internet of Things (IoT). Actually, the IoT is a revolution in the making. It is a global network of devices that have been connected and able to exchange data with each other. Everything from TVs to lights to cars to... well, you name it. So soon your car will drive you to your destination, find the best parking spot, tell your house when you’re returning home, get the heating and dinner on, while your wristband monitor tells your TV what mood you’re in and fixes the night’s entertainment. Can’t wait for the arrival of this day — or left cold by it? It makes no difference: it’s coming your way. Frankly, I’d rather put the central heating on myself than have that IoT knowing more about me. But that’s not my biggest concern about the IoT. Relatively speaking, they’re the good guys. What bothers me is that in the race to roll out this tech, too little is being done to keep out the bad guys. Most of the underlying technology is scarily primitive (原始的). And with time, the IoT will no doubt become the target of choice among hackers and terrorists. Security experts are warning that the IoT already links together hundreds of millions of devices that are easy to attack. The resulting threat isn’t theoretical, either: one tech company recently exposed this by using the IoT to hijack baby monitors, spy remotely and take control of home computers. Meanwhile, the IoT grows ever larger: industry estimates suggest that within five years it will have connected up 10 times more devices than there are humans on Earth. So what can we do? I believe that our best hope lies in the good old-fashioned internet. We can use this to detect and alert each other to all the devices that threaten our safety and privacy. In short, we need to flip the threat from the IoT around, and make sure big businesses know we are keeping tabs on them. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The IoT is a global network of interconnected devices, sharing data with each other. Although still at its early stage, it may well be used by bad guys. To provide against it, we can use the internet to warn each other of any invasion, thus letting the companies know we know what they are doing. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍物联网是互联设备交换数据的全球网络，指出其技术原始、易被黑客利用，并建议借助互联网互相警示以防范威胁。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It is a global network of devices that have been connected and able to exchange data with each other. ②What bothers me is that in the race to roll out this tech, too little is being done to keep out the bad guys. ③Most of the underlying technology is scarily primitive (原始的). ④And with time, the IoT will no doubt become the target of choice among hackers and terrorists. ⑤The resulting threat isn’t theoretical, either: one tech company recently exposed this by using the IoT to hijack baby monitors, spy remotely and take control of home computers. ⑥I believe that our best hope lies in the good old-fashioned internet. ⑦We can use this to detect and alert each other to all the devices that threaten our safety and privacy. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点单独保留，界定物联网；将第2、3、4、5四个要点整合，说明技术原始、防范不足，物联网易被黑客和恐怖分子利用，威胁并非理论；将第6、7两个要点整合，说明应借助互联网互相检测警示。 3. 遣词造句 The IoT is a global network of interconnected devices, sharing data with each other. Although still at its early stage, it may well be used by bad guys. To provide against it, we can use the internet to warn each other of any invasion, thus letting the companies know we know what they are doing. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The IoT is a global network of interconnected devices, sharing data with each other. (运用了过去分词短语作定语和现在分词短语作伴随状语) [高分句型2] Although still at its early stage, it may well be used by bad guys. (运用了although引导的让步状语从句的省略形式) IV. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 排队时，务必与他人保持安全距离。（sure）(汉译英) 【答案】When queuing, be sure to keep a safe distance from others. 【解析】 【详解】考查状语省略和动词短语。表示“排队时”应用When queuing，queue是动词，与在when引导的时间状语从句中，主从句主语为you，可以将主语省略，转换成when doing sth.；表示“务必”应用be sure to；表示“与他人保持安全距离”应用keep a safe distance from others。故翻译为When queuing, be sure to keep a safe distance from others.。 53. 家中要常备手电筒等应急物品，以备不时之需。（in case）(汉译英) 【答案】Keep flashlights and other emergency supplies at home in case you need. 【解析】 【详解】考查祈使句、名词和介词短语。结合和句意可知，主句用祈使句，手电筒等应急物品用名词的复数形式，“手电筒”用flashlights来表示，“应急物品”用 emergency supplies来表示；“以备”用in case来表示，引导目的状语从句，“需要”用need，为从句谓语动词。故翻译为：Keep flashlights and other emergency supplies at home in case you need. 54. 正是民间艺术家们的大胆尝试、不断创新，才使传统技艺得到了保护和发展。（It）(汉译英) 【答案】It is the bold attempt and continuous innovation of folk artists that protect and develop traditional skills 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句式、短语和名词。根据句意，本句用强调句式It is/was +被强调部分+that+其他部分。本句是客观事实，用一般现在时表示，谓语动词用is。表示“大胆尝试”短语为bold attempt，“不断创新”短语为continuous innovation；表示“…的…”用the+名词+of表示，“民间艺术家们”用folk artists；表示“民间艺术家们的大胆尝试、不断创新”用the bold attempt and continuous innovation of folk artists；“才使传统技艺得到了保护和发展”可写成“保护和发展了传统技艺” protect and develop traditional skills；故翻译为It is the bold attempt and continuous innovation of folk artists that protect and develop traditional skills. 55. 昨天发布的报告称，目前还缺乏足够的数据来确定不明飞行物究竟是何物。（determine）(汉译英) 【答案】The report released yesterday said there was not enough data to determine exactly what the UFO was. 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词，宾语从句和时态。分析句意可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“报告”是the report，“昨天发布的”用过去分词作后置定语，表被动，翻译为released yesterday，“称”是said，“目前还缺乏足够的数据”是there was not enough data，“来确定”用不定式，是to determine，“不明飞行物究竟是何物”是exactly what the UFO was，是what引导的宾语从句，作determine的宾语，故翻译为The report released yesterday said there was not enough data to determine exactly what the UFO was。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，他提到自己因为刚来上海读大学，生活(如饮食和同学交流)和学习(如中文授课)上都不太习惯。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1)你的建议； 2)你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mike, Thank you for your recent email. I’m sorry to hear that you’re having a difficult time adjusting to life as a university student in Shanghai. In terms of food, I would suggest that you try different types of local cuisine to get a taste of what Shanghai has to offer. You might find some new dishes that you really enjoy. Also, many universities have international student associations, where you can meet students from various countries and cultural backgrounds. This is a great way to make new friends, and they might have some suggestions for places to eat or activities to do in Shanghai. In terms of language barriers and adapting to Mandarin being the primary language of instruction, I suggest that you find a language exchange partner or join a language-learning group. I hope these suggestions can help you adjust to your new life in Shanghai. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any more questions. Best regards, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Mike的邮件。在邮件中，他提到自己因为刚来上海读大学，生活(如饮食和同学交流)和学习(如中文授课)上都不太 习惯。回复一封邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 遇到：meet→come across 各种各样：various→a variety of 建议：suggest→advise 建议：suggestion→advice 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This is a great way to make new friends, and they might have some suggestions for places to eat or activities to do in Shanghai. 拓展句：This is a great way to make new friends because they might have some suggestions for places to eat or activities to do in Shanghai. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Also, many universities have international student associations, where you can meet students from various countries and cultural backgrounds. (运用了where引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] In terms of food, I would suggest that you try different types of local cuisine to get a taste of what Shanghai has to offer. (运用了what引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $