上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高二年级英语学科10月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Rereading is a guilty pleasure for many readers. How can a keen reader abandon his to-be-read list and waste time with a book he already knows? At the same time, according to many experts, the act of rereading 1 (regard), without doubt, as the only way to truly understand a text. Academics most often discuss the benefit of rereading as a way to gain deep understandings of complex texts and of the self. Teachers of early reading-age children agree that rereading improves understanding beyond basic words. For adults, rereading is necessary to understanding a text well so that good critical arguments 2 be made. Rereading helps to build a better understanding of a book. 3 rereading, many readers find it impossible to appreciate a writer's subtle talents or to comprehend a text's inner ideas and themes. Rereading is also an act of self-reflection. The practice of purposeful rereading in 4 creates a kind of self-consciousness. Since the book never changes, it functions as a constant(恒量) 5 can be used to measure the reader's growth. It is a way to re-examine the reader himself and the changes he 6 (undergo) since the initial reading. Of course, there are possible drawbacks to rereading as well. Rereading takes time, 7 (draw) the readers away from their to-be-read list. And it's hard to imagine 8 frustrating it can be if a beloved book falls short of your rosy memories in rereading. According to David Galef, emotions like pleasure, excitement, and curiosity cause the reader to rush through a story and pass over the inner complexity 9 (appreciate) in re-readings, and yet they are also important elements that may be dulled by those repeated readings. Furthermore, 10 your rereading is focused and intentional about gaining new thoughts, it may not result in improved understanding. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. cultivate B. reassuring C. opposing D. objective E. confidence F. evidence G. perceived H. functioning I. estimate J. existing K. scientism Why Doubt Is Essential To Science The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n) 11 way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their 12 beliefs. To the question "When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?" 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say "it depends". But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly 13 , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions-not certainty. Doubt does not 14 trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions? As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often 15 as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new 16 emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as 17 as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process. Scientists understand this, but in the 18 force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind 19 - that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of 20 in the very existence of truth. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. No area of technology is hotter than AI, or artificial intelligence. Venture-capital investment in AI in the first nine months of 2017 totalled $7.6bn, according to PitchBook, a data provider; that compares with full-year figures of $5.4bn in 2016. At the heart of the 21 are some familiar names: the likes of Amazon, Apple, Microsoft... Several have put AI at the centre of their strategies. They see AI as a way to improve their 22 services, and to push into new areas like driverless cars. Many observers fear that, by cementing and extending the power of a handful of giants, AI will 23 competition. That will depend on two open questions. The first one is whether AI will always 24 vast amounts of data. Machines today are usually trained on huge datasets, from which they can recognise useful patterns such as illegal financial behaviours. 25 real-world data remain essential to AI, the tech superstars enjoy the biggest advantage. They have vast amounts of the stuff, and are gaining more as they push into 26 areas such as health care. A competing vision of AI stresses simulations, in which machines teach themselves using synthetic data or in virtual environments. Early versions of a program developed to play Go, an Asian board game, by DeepMind, a unit of Alphabet, were trained using data from 27 games; the latest was simply given the rules and started playing Go against itself. Within three days it had done better than its predecessor (前辈), which had itself beaten the best human player. If this approach is widely 28 , or if future AI systems can be trained using small amounts of data, the tech giants will obviously lose their advantage. The other question is how openly 29 will be shared. The tech giants' ability to employ AI expertise from universities is helped by their willingness to 30 research; Google and Facebook have opened software libraries to outside developers. But their 31 to share valuable data and algorithms are weak. Much will depend on whether there will be relevant regulations. 32 , Europe's data-protection rules that will take effect soon require firms to get approval for how they use data and to make it easier for customers to 33 their information to other providers. The battle in AI is fiercest among the tech giants. It is too early to know how good that will be for competition, but not to 34 the magic ingredient that will determine the outcome: the importance, 35 and openness of data. 21. A. craze B. battle C. system D. model 22. A. social B. existing C. technical D. demanding 23. A. reduce B. hurt C. stimulate D. face 24. A. result from B. give rise to C. depend on D. take pride in 25. A. Although B. Unless C. Until D. If 26. A. fresh B. public C. traditional D. safe 27. A. fierce B. virtual C. actual D. boring 28. A. objective B. recognisable C. subjective D. applicable 29. A. advice B. knowledge C. consequences D. questions 30. A. design B. conduct C. involve D. publish 31. A. arrangements B. inquiries C. motivations D. complaints 32. A. By all means B. In addition C. To sum up D. For example 33. A. transfer B. explain C. cause D. deny 34. A. expect B. ignore C. produce D. taste 35. A. justifiability B. capability C. accessibility D. responsibility Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column, he explained, was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year. The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism--as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions (喜欢), meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people--we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is about its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth. I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail. (I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.) Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely -- everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable; this isn't a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected--"sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying--but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us. 36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against B. there was a shortage of good quality columns C. writers could hardly find a place to share their likes D. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership 37. The word "ode" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to A. praise B. blame C. hesitation D. determination 38. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 3? A. To give an example of the writerly tone. B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers. C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works. D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column. 39. The writer hopes that in the column, A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readers B. the recommended items should follow the latest trend C. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendations D. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation （B） The Dirt on Organic Farming People assume that organic products come from small family farms, but many of the foods labeled organic in supermarkets are actually produced by large corporations. Big or small, a farm must follow the same rules to be certified organic: fertilizing (施肥) soil with natural substances, planting with organic seeds, rotating crops to protect soil, and allowing animals to graze (放牧). Using pesticides (杀虫剂) isn't completely forbidden on an organic farm. "There are about 25 chemicals that have been approved for use," says Jessica Shade, PhD, director of science programs at the Organic Center in Washington, DC. "But before organic farmers even use those 25, they have to prove that they have used every other method possible." While it may seem that there are all-natural farms everywhere these days, less than 1 percent of the 911 million acres of farmland in the United States are certified organic, according to the Pew Research Center. We know it's good for our health, but eating organic is costly. Organic produce carries a premium of 10 to 30 percent. Fortunately, a study has shown that the risk of ingesting pesticides is relatively low with certain foods, primarily because their thicker skins or outer covering protect us. At the top of the Environmental Working Group's "Clean 15" list: avocados and sweet corn, with less than 1 percent of the samples showing any pesticide residue. Organic farming isn't just about feeding you. According to Statista, pet owners will spend $6.8 billion on organic food for their dogs and cats this year, more than double a decade ago. But listen, animal lovers: Foods marked "natural" do not carry the same requirement as those that are certified organic. 40. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. To introduce the history of organic farming. B. To make clear some facts concerning organic products. C. To persuade readers to be careful with organic products. D. To correct people's misunderstanding of organic farming. 41. What can be learned about the use of pesticides in organic farming from the passage? A. No pesticides are allowed to be used in organic farming. B. Some pesticides can be used only if no better method is available. C. Organic farmers are beginning to appeal for the use of pesticides. D. Only 25 chemicals are not included in the approved list for organic farming. 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Most organic farms are small family farms. B. Organic food for pets are often just labeled as "natural". C. In no case is non-organic produce better than organic produce. D. Only a small part of farmland in the US is devoted to organic farming. （C） The human sense of smell is weaker than sight. And the relative weakness of smell extends to language, too. Humans have no difficulty putting names to colours but are bad at putting names to odours (气味). Some people suggest it is very likely a consequence of the tendency of languages to contain words useful to their speakers. A study by Asifa Majid at Radboud University in the Netherlands supports this. Dr Majid knew from previous work she had done that the Jahai, a group of hunter-gatherers who live in western Malaysia, are remarkably good at naming odours. For example, when she asked some Jahai, and also a comparable group of American volunteers, to name colours and odours they were presented with, the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colours but agreed much less when putting names to odours. Jahai answers, in contrast, were in equal agreement about both odours and colours. Dr Majid suggested that it might, in part, be because the Jahai have a dozen words dedicated to describing different sorts of smells in the abstract. To test how important someone's way of life is to his or her use of abstract words for smells, Dr Majid looked at how two other groups of people used terms for colours and odours. These were the Semaq Beri, who also hunt and gather for a living, and the Semelai, who cultivate rice. Crucially, although these two peoples make their livings in different ways, their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest. Dr Majid asked 20 Semaq Beri and 21 Semelai to name odours and colours presented to them at random. The colours were on 80 differently coloured cards; the odours on 16 variously scented (有香味的) sticks. The researcher found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odours 85% of the time-about as often as they did for colours, which was 80%. The Semelai also used abstract colour descriptions at a similar rate, namely 78% of the time. But when it came to describing odours they relied on abstraction on only 44% of occasions, while resorting to analogies, such as "banana-like" and "chocolate-like", 56% of the time. Moreover, as with Dr Majid's earlier study with the Jahai, the Semaq Beri more frequently agreed with one another about naming odours than did the Semelai. Given these findings, Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life, rather than the use of a particular language, that is crucial to applying abstract names to odours. The business of surviving by eating what the forest has to offer requires more use of the nose than is needed for farming. 43. What does the pronoun "this" (in the last sentence of paragraph 1) refer to? A. More words should be coined to name odours. B. Human beings have a weaker sense of smell than sight. C. Languages tend to contain fewer words unrelated to culture. D. As smells matter little, most languages have few words for them. 44. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Americans agreed less on the names of odours partly because A. they had not been given proper training before the test B. colours are in most cases easier to tell apart than odours C. there are not many English words distinctively for odours D. they were too sensitive to odours to name them correctly 45. What can be learned about the Semaq Beri and the Semelai concerning their performance in the study? A. The former used fewer terms for odours than for colours. B. The latter often turned to other items to describe odours precisely. C. The former seldom agreed with each other about naming odours. D. The latter revealed a less advanced language system. 46. What is the conclusion that Dr Majid drew from her research involving the Semaq Beri and the Semelai? A. The use of abstract terms for odours is related to people's lifestyle. B. Living in the forest requires more use of the nose than living on the farm. C. The business of surviving varies greatly from one tribe to another. D. It is people's way of life that decides what language they speak. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Smart Home Security A. A combination of devices can make your home dangerous. B. Things get really weird when your home gets hijacked. C. So if you decide you need it, make sure you set up a strong password for it. D. The number one risk is invasion of privacy. E. It's difficult for the consumer to know which product is going to be good and which product is going to be bad. F. Are you willing to gamble your privacy for the sake of being able to turn something off and on remotely? Many of us are buying smart home devices, but are we signing away our safety? Security expert Ken Munro reveals all. What risks come with smart gadgets? 47 If you've got smart cameras, or any device that's listening to you, there's a chance those can be hijacked (劫持) and you can get spied on. We [my company, Pen Test Partners] found bugs in in-house security cameras, baby monitors and smart home assistants. We looked at an interactive kids' doll that has a microphone and speaker, and connects to your phone via Bluetooth. When you connect to the doll there is no PIN, which means that anyone within Bluetooth range, 30, 40, 50 metres away, can connect. That means that someone outside on the street or in the next house can listen to the microphone and spy on your kids, and can talk to them as well. 48 We showed, a few years ago, the very first case of ransomware (勒索软件) being loaded onto a smart thermostat (恒温器). It's all about a loss of control. You lost control of your heating system, so what? But what if that was your car? What if that was a life support system? That's where things get scary. What if it's your smart door locks and you can't get in or out of your own house? How can we protect ourselves? First of all, when buying a product, ask yourself if you need it. 49 There are some fantastic smart products out there that, for example, allow you to be more efficient with your energy. 50 And don't use the one you use somewhere else. Write it down somewhere privately, or use a tool called a password manager that does it all for you. Lastly, keep everything up to date. When updates come out for your computer, your phone, or your apps, they're there to fix security bugs, so if you don't apply them, your product is becoming easier to attack. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Offshore production The world's consumption of fashion is huge. The European Union imported textiles (clothing and carpets) to the value of €83.7 billion in 2010. Prices have fallen, too, with hand-finished shirts costing less than five euros. To make clothes at these low prices, companies have to keep costs down. They use offshore production to do this. Large companies make their products in developing countries where workers are paid much less than in developed countries. A point that should be considered in that case is that developing countries encourage developed countries to invest in them to provide jobs. Supporters of overseas production point out that increased investment has positive effects in the long term. Nobel prize-winning economist Paul Krugman points out that the growth in manufacturing has an impact on the rest of the economy, because it reduces the number of people needing to work in agriculture and increases competition for labour. This leads to higher wages, which lead to other improvements, such as the ability to send children to school. On the other hand, the disadvantage of this foreign investment is the fact that it can have a negative impact on the economy of developed countries, because people lose their jobs when production is outsourced to other countries. It seems that if multinationals are going to benefit from low production costs by using overseas suppliers, they should do more to improve the social situation--for example, by building schools for the children in those communities. It is also clear that multinationals should invest in communities in the developed countries where they sell their products. In conclusion, there are clear benefits for the multinationals in terms of lower costs of production in developing countries and their workers, but they should still do more to protect the workers in overseas manufacturing plants. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。 53. 这位心理学家发现，我们拥有的物品带给我们的满足感会随着时间消逝。 54. 最好请人审阅一下你的文章，看看自己的想法是否有条不紊地表达出来了。 55. 尽管每天少喝一点咖啡不会让你收获即时的好处，但从长远来看对你的健康有益。 V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校团委计划组织一次周末社会实践活动，现给出两种形式听取学生意见： 形式一：前往社区敬老院陪伴老人（线下互动，提供精神慰藉）； 形式二：发起线上募捐并为乡村儿童录制励志微课（线上公益，覆盖面广）。 写一封邮件给团委，内容须包括： 1）你的选择； 2）你的理由。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. is regarded 2. can 3. Without 4. itself 5. which/that 6. has undergone 7. drawing 8. how 9. appreciated 10. unless Section B 11. D 12. J 13. H 14. A 15. G 16. F 17. B 18. C 19. K 20. E II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C Section B 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. B 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A Section C 47. D 48. B 49. F 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. Large companies have their products produced in developing countries because of the low pay there, thus lowering the costs and increasing the profit. The economy of developing countries benefits while the economy of developed countries may suffer to some degree. The companies can profit from this approach, but more needs to be done to protect the workers there. IV. Translation 52. In his opinion, it is experiences rather than things that are worth investing in. 53. The psychologist finds that our satisfaction with our possessions wears off over time. 54. You'd better have someone review your essay to see whether your ideas are conveyed in an organized way. 55. Though drinking less coffee every day doesn't pay off with immediate benefits, it will be good for your health in the long run. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Youth League Committee, I am writing to share my thoughts on the upcoming weekend social practice. Were I to make a decision, I would give absolute priority to visiting the local nursing home. To begin with, direct interaction brings unparalleled warmth to the elderly. Should we dedicate our weekends to accompanying them, their deep-seated loneliness would be significantly alleviated. A simple chat or a shared song can brighten their entire week, reminding them that they are not forgotten by society. Moreover, offline practice cultivates students' empathy and social responsibility. Rarely can teenagers fully appreciate the value of caring for others if they only participate in virtual activities. Stepping into the community enables us to translate abstract compassion into concrete, tangible actions. Therefore, I strongly advocate for the offline visit. Only by immersing ourselves in such real-life experiences can we cultivate genuine compassion and make a meaningful difference in the world. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $