Unit 1 Let’s Celebrate! 简单句、并列句与复合句（核心语法精练）英语新教材人教版九年级下册
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内容正文：
Unit 1 Let’s Celebrate! 核心语法精练
（简单句、并列句与复合句）
目录
二、考点夯基 3
一、单项选择 3
二、完成句子 7
一、语法填空 9
二、选词填空 11
简单句、并列句与复合句
一、简单句
1. 定义
简单句是只含有一套主谓结构的句子。句子里可以有多个定语、状语来修饰成分，也可以有并列的主语或者并列的谓语，但不会出现两套独立的主谓结构，没有从句，也没有并列连词连接独立分句。
> 注意：简单句不等于短句！很多很长的句子，只要只有一套核心主谓，依然是简单句。
> 例：The girl in red beside the window reads English poems aloud every morning.
> 翻译：窗边那位穿红衣服的女孩每天早上大声朗读英文诗歌。
> 这句话修饰成分很多，但只有一个主语the girl、一个谓语reads，属于简单句。
2. 五大基本句型（所有简单句的基础）
① 主谓结构（S + V）
谓语动词是不及物动词，本身意思完整，后面不需要接宾语。常见动词：happen, appear, rise, sleep, arrive等。
例：The sun rises slowly in the east.
太阳从东方缓缓升起。
② 主谓宾结构（S + V + O）
谓语动词是及物动词，动作需要作用在宾语上，句意才完整。宾语是动作的承受者，可以是名词、代词、动名词等。
例：Many teenagers enjoy watching traditional cultural shows.
很多青少年喜欢观看传统文化节目。
③ 主系表结构（S + Link.V + P）
谓语是系动词，后面接表语，用来描述主语的身份、特征、状态。
✅ 系动词分类：
be动词：am, is, are, was, were
感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
变化类系动词：become, get, turn, grow
保持类系动词：keep, stay
例：The silk scarf feels soft and smooth.
这条丝巾摸起来柔软顺滑。
④ 主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）
动词后面接两个宾语：间接宾语（多指人，表动作接收对象）、直接宾语（多指物，表动作内容）。
常用动词：give, pass, send, tell, show, offer, teach
转换公式：动词 + sb. + sth. = 动词 + sth. + to/for + sb.
例：My grandma told me a story about ancient villages.
= My grandma told a story about ancient villages to me.
奶奶给我讲了一个关于古村落的故事。
⑤ 主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + OC）
宾语之后加上宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的状态、动作；如果去掉宾补，句子意思不完整。
宾补可以是形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词等。
例：We find the book about local history very interesting.
我们发现这本关于地方史的书十分有趣。
（去掉interesting，句子“We find the book about local history”语义残缺）
3. 补充易错点
1. 简单句可以有并列主语：Tom and Jerry like painting.（主语并列，一套谓语，简单句）
2. 简单句可以有并列谓语：He opened the door and walked in.（谓语并列，一套主语，简单句）
3. 一个简单句，不能有两个互不关联的谓语动词直接放在一起，这是改错题高频考点。
二、并列句
1. 定义
由两个或两个以上独立、地位平等的简单句（分句），通过并列连词连接而成的句子。
每一个分句都有自己完整的主谓结构，分句之间没有主次、修饰关系，谁都不依附另外一句。
2. 基础结构
分句1 + 并列连词 + 分句2
> 书写要点：逗号一般放在连词前面；部分短句子也可以不用逗号。
3. 并列连词分类（中考必考）
① 表并列、顺承：and, not only…but also…
and 表示动作先后、语义顺延、并列关系；
not only…but also… 不仅……而且……，侧重递进。
例：He prepared carefully and he won the speech competition.
他认真准备，赢得了演讲比赛。
② 表转折：but, yet
but 但是，前后语义相反；yet 然而，转折语气更柔和。
⚠️ 重点：but 和 although/though 不能同时出现在一句话里。
例：The task is hard, but it is worth trying.
这项任务很难，但是值得一试。
③ 表选择、警示：or
两层含义：或者；否则（用于提醒）
例：You should take a map, or you may get lost in the forest.
你带上地图吧，不然你可能会在林中迷路。
④ 表因果：so, for
so 所以，引出结果；for 因为，用来补充说明理由，语气偏弱，一般不放在句首。
⚠️ 重点：so 和 because 不能同时使用。
例：It rained heavily, so we put off the outdoor activity.
雨下得很大，所以我们推迟了户外活动。
4. 并列句判断关键点
1. 存在两套及以上主谓结构；
2. 依靠and / but / or / so / not only…but also…等并列连词连接；
3. 把连词去掉，前后两个分句都可以独立成句。
5. 拓展：并列连词的就近原则
not only…but also…连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
例：Not only the students but also their teacher likes this documentary.
不仅学生们，连他们的老师也喜欢这部纪录片。
三、复合句
1. 定义
由一个主句 + 一个或多个从句组成。
主句：句子的核心主干，可以独立成句；
从句：由从属连词引导，依附主句存在，不能单独拿出来作为完整句子，作用是修饰、补充说明主句的信息。
主句和从句有明确的主次关系，这是复合句和并列句最核心的区别。
2. 三大类复合句（九年级核心，贯穿中考）
（1）宾语从句
功能：放在动词、介词、部分形容词之后，在句中充当宾语。
引导词分三类：
① that：陈述句变宾语从句，that无词义，口语中常省略；
② if / whether：一般疑问句变宾语从句，含义“是否”；
③ 特殊疑问词（what/who/where/when/why/how等）：特殊疑问句变宾语从句。
✅ 宾语从句三要素：引导词、语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应
例：I think that traditional culture will last forever.
我认为传统文化会一直传承下去。
例：She asks whether we will join the city museum visit.
她问我们是否会参加城市博物馆的参观活动。
（2）状语从句
功能：修饰主句里的动词、形容词或者整个主句，用来表达时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较等逻辑。
常考分类+引导词：
时间状语从句：when, while, before, after, until, as soon as
条件状语从句：if, unless（除非）
原因状语从句：because, since, as
让步状语从句：though / although（虽然）
目的状语从句：so that（以便，为了）
结果状语从句：so…that…（如此……以至于……）
例：Although he met many difficulties, he never gave up his dream.
虽然他遇到很多困难，但是他从未放弃梦想。
例：We get up early so that we can catch the first bus.
我们早起，这样就能赶上首班车。
（3）定语从句
功能：放在名词/代词之后，用来修饰、限定这个名词（先行词），相当于中文里“……的”。
常考关系代词：who（指人）、which（指物）、that（人/物都可以）
例：The woman who gave us the lecture is a famous writer.
给我们做讲座的那位女士是一位知名作家。
例：The photo that you took last week looks wonderful.
你上周拍的那张照片很好看。
3. 复合句判断关键点
1. 含有两套及以上主谓结构；
2. 带有从属连词（that/if/when/because/though/who/which等）；
3. 拆分之后，从句无法独立表达完整意思，必须依附主句。
一、单项选择
1．What is the sentence pattern of “The summer holiday is coming.”?
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC
2．Choose the sentence structure of this sentence: “He made us laugh.”
A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+IO+DO
3．Which of the following sentences belongs to the pattern S+V+O?
A．The flowers smell sweet. B．She reads English every morning.
C．My mum bought me a new pen. D．The kids kept the room clean.
4．The sentence “I sent Kangkang an email.” belongs to the pattern ________.
A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S+V+ IO+DO D．S + V + O + C
5．The sentence structure of “They make paper flowers.” is ________.
A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O+OC C．S+V D．S+V+O
6．The sun rises in the east. The sentence structure is ________.
A．S+V+C B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO
7．The sentence pattern of the sentence “The old man feels better today” is ________.
A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC
8．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I saw some kids kicking the ball.” ?
A．Hobo is building a tent. B．The rain was falling the whole night.
C．He advised me to make notes. D．I bought him a toy train.
9．Which of the following sentences is presented with the structure of “S+V+O+O” ?
A．Zhalong is an important wetland in the world.
B．The area gives a lot of wildlife food and cover.
C．Zhalong needs more people to count the birds.
D．We call these people volunteers.
10．The sentence structure of “The birds fly happily in the sky.” is ________.
A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C
11．The sentence structure of “We paint the wall blue.” is “________”.
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C
12．Which is the sentence pattern of “I like reading very much”?
A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO
C．S+V D．S+V+P
13．Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure?
A．You have a very nice sister. B．The news made me happy.
C．My grandpa gave me a red packet. D．He likes playing the piano.
14．Everyone knows fire is very useful in our daily life, ________ it is also dangerous.
A．but B．for C．because
15．Zhang Ying had a position high up in the government, ________ his family wrote to him for advice.
A．so B．but C．because D．although
16．I’ve wanted to read The Little Prince for long, _______ today I finally borrowed the book from the library.
A．or B．since C．and D．because
17．We must get up before 6:00 tomorrow morning, ______ we’ll miss the early bus.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
18．You should review the texts before doing your homework, ________ you will make more mistakes.
A．or B．but C．and
19．He is only 12 years old, ________ he knows a lot about the history of cinema.
A．although B．though C．but D．however
20．Paper-cutting is a special form of traditional Chinese art, ________ it attracts many foreigners.
A．but B．or C．because D．so
21．—Tom, please tell me ________ to Beijing. I can pick you up at the airport.
—Thank you. The flight arrives at 7:30 p.m.
A．when you will get B．when will you get C．when did you get D．when you got
22．—Frank, can you tell me ________? I’m new here.
—Usually at 8:00 am.
A．what time does the school gym open B．what time the school gym opens
C．what time did the school gym open D．what time the school gym opened
23．—Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you tell me ________?
—Oh, I bought them in the post office next to the bank.
A．why did you buy them B．why you bought them C．where you bought them
24．Could you tell me ________?
A．how can I improve my pronunciation B．how I can improve my pronunciation
C．how did I improve my pronunciation D．how I improve can my pronunciation
25．—Do you know ________?
—Yes, he is from Hunan.
A．where the scientist comes from B．where does the scientist come from
C．where the scientist came from D．where did the scientist come from
26．—Could you tell me _______?
—Next Friday afternoon.
A．when we will hold the sports meeting
B．when will we hold the sports meeting
C．where we will hold the sports meeting
27．— Could you please tell me ________?
— No problem. It can help write music in your own style.
A．when the AI app came out B．when did the AI app come out
C．what the AI app can do D．what can the AI app do
28．—Could you tell me ________?
—Sure. It is on the second floor.
A．where is the reading room B．where the reading room is
C．where was the reading room D．where the reading room was
29．Could you tell me ________?
A．where is the restroom B．where the restroom is
C．where was the restroom D．the restroom where is
30．— Have a nice journey!
— Thank you, Mum. I’ll give you a call ________ I get there.
A．until B．while C．since D．as soon as
31．We will wait here ________ you come back safely.
A．till B．if C．though D．because
32．Tom didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back last night.
A．till B．if C．because D．unless
33．________ you keep practicing smart learning skills, you will get better grades.
A．Unless B．If C．Though D．Before
34．—Cindy, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday?
—Unless I ________.
A．will be invited B．invited C．am invited
35．________ Yuan Longping helped many people keep away from hunger, he lived a simple life.
A．Ever since B．Even though C．Only if D．As long as
36．________ he is very young, he has read lots of books about Chinese history and culture.
A．Although B．Unless C．Since D．As long as
37．He failed the exam ________ he didn’t work hard enough.
A．since B．because C．as D．so
38．________ our topic is about protecting the earth, I plan to start our report with Blue Planet.
A．Since B．Although C．While D．Unless
39．I study hard ________ I can pass the coming exam.
A．so that B．such that C．so…that D．because
40．The workers have planted thousands of trees on the hills ________ they can hold the soil together.
A．in order that B．because C．even though D．as if
41．This is ________ a wonderful film ________ many people want to watch it.
A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to
42．It was ________ a funny story ________ all of us laughed a lot.
A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to
43．We all like the story ________ was told in our lab last month about the engineer.
A．who B．which C．whose D．what
44．—Look at the beautiful painting! Do you know who painted it?
—Yes. It was painted by a famous artist ________ lived in the 19th century.
A．which B．who C．what D．whose
45．Yu Yi, a great teacher ________ devoted all her life to education, died on March 14, 2026.
A．who B．which C．what D．whom
46．The painting ________ you see on the wall is my favourite work by Vincent van Gogh.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
47．I like the song ________ has great lyrics.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
48．Beijing is the first city _________ has hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
A．who B．which C．that D．where
49．I love music ________ I can dance to.
A．who B．what C．that D．where
50．Lucy is a girl ________ is good at singing.
A．which B．who C．whose D．what
二、其他
写出下列句子的句子结构。
51．The students are playing football over there.
_________________
52．Some fishermen are fishing in the river.
_________________
53．The music sounds beautiful.
_________________
54．The government has made laws.
_________________
55．Some birds are flying in the sky.
_________________
56．The woman in a red dress looks pretty.
_________________
57．The temperature dropped a lot.
_________________
58．The leaves turn green in spring.
_________________
59．Sandy turned the key.
_________________
60．Mr Zhang made a cage for his parrot.
_________________
一、语法填空
（26-27九年级上·辽宁大连·阶段检测）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Mooncakes: Sweet Treats for a Family Night
Mooncakes are round, filled pastries (带馅的糕点) eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. They are small and dense (密实), 1 (usual) about the size of a palm (手掌), with patterns pressed on top — often flowers, moons, or the Chinese characters for “longevity” and “harmony.” The round shape symbolizes family reunion and completeness (完整).
The tradition of eating mooncakes goes back over a thousand years. During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD), people 2 (offer) round cakes to the moon during harvest festivals. 3 the most famous story comes from the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 AD). It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋) wanted to overthrow (推翻) the 4 (rule). He hid secret messages inside mooncakes telling people to rise up on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival. The plan worked, and mooncakes became a symbol of unity and resistance (抵抗). After Zhu founded the Ming Dynasty, mooncakes remained a special festival food.
Mooncakes carry deep meanings:
● Family reunion: Families gather under 5 full moon, share mooncakes, and drink tea.
● Gift of love: People give mooncakes to parents, teachers, and friends 6 (show) care and gratitude (感恩).
● Harvest celebration: The festival thanks nature 7 autumn’s bounty (馈赠).
Mooncakes come in different kinds such as the ones with lotus seed paste (莲蓉), ice cream, and even truffle (松露), etc. So far, companies 8 (create) low-sugar and mini mooncakes for people who pay attention to their health. Many schools 9 (hold) mooncake-making workshops where children learn to press dough (面团) into wooden molds (木模).
The Mid-Autumn Festival remains one of China’s 10 (important) holidays, and mooncakes are its sweetest symbol. Mooncakes teach us: the best things in life are meant to be shared.
（26-27九年级上·辽宁锦州·阶段检测）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Speaking of respecting the elderly, the first Chinese festival that comes to your mind might be the traditional Double Ninth Festival. The festival is celebrated 1 the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar every year. The festival is known as Chongyang Festival, too.
One of the main 2 (tradition) during the festival is mountain climbing. People get together with their families and friends to hike up mountains to “stand high and see far”. This 3 (be) a Chinese tradition since ancient times.
Traditionally, the festival is also a time to drink chrysanthemum wine(菊花酒), eat Chongyang cakes 4 wear cornels(茱萸). The chrysanthemum wine is not only a delicious drink but also believed to be good for health. People also believe that cornels can help to drive out the bad spirits and bring good luck.
However, the Double Ninth Festival is not just a time for climbing mountains and 5 (enjoy) the autumn scenery. More importantly, it is a time to show respect for the elderly.
As nine is 6 (big) single-digit (个位) number, and its pronunciation sounds the same as “long” in Chinese, the festival shows people’s wish for all the elderly to live a long and 7 (health) life. So the day is also seen as a chance 8 (care) for and express thanks to the elderly. Families usually come together and show respect and love for their elder relatives. People may also visit 9 (they) grandparents or elderly neighbors, bringing gifts and sharing meals.
The Double Ninth Festival is of great 10 (important) in Chinese traditional culture. It reminds us of not only the beauty of autumn but also the value of the elderly.
二、选词填空
（25-26九年级上·山东德州·阶段检测）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。
thousand, between, tour, life, though, why, they, healthy, rain, but, good
Did ancient people plant trees? 1 they didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree Planting Day, the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time. Back then, the weather was always 2 around the Qingming Festival in spring. The trees had 3 conditions (状况) to grow than usual, so people formed the custom of planting trees around the Qingming Festival.
There were 4 of kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were popular in ancient times. To feed the silkworms (蚕), more mulberry leaves were needed. Silk came from the silkworms, and then was made into silk clothes and traded (交易) 5 the east and the west of the world.
Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdom Period (三国时期), saved many people’s 6 for free. He only asked 7 to plant apricot trees (杏树) on a hill. Day by day, a forest of apricot trees grew on the hill. That’s 8 we now praise an excellent doctor with the words “warmth in an apricot forest”.
Each dynasty (朝代) has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty planted a ginkgo (银杏) tree personally in a temple (寺庙) in Chang’an 1,400 years ago, and the ginkgo tree is still growing 9 now. So far, the temple has become a popular place for 10 .
So, on Tree Planting Day next year, do you want to plant a tree with your wishes on it?
（25-26九年级上·湖北襄阳·阶段检测）阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。
strong himself eat five especially remember for heavy feed kind
The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the 1 day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. People often eat zongzi and row dragon boats during the festival.
Thousands of years ago, people often threw rice into the Miluo River to 2 fishes so that they wouldn’t eat Qu Yuan on May 5th every year, because he threw 3 in the Miluo River. They thought he was still alive in the river. Now, in order to 4 the great man, people in China often make zongzi. They will make all 5 of zongzi during the Duanwu Festival. This kind of food is very delicious. That is why men and women, young and old like 6 zongzi very much.
The festival is also well known 7 its dragon boat races. During the festival, people often race dragon boats in many places, 8 in South China. There are many rivers and lakes. The dragon boat is about 50—100 feet long, 5 feet wide. And the boat is not very 9 . There are more than 20 10 men on the boat. They sit in the boat side by side. At the head of the boat, there is a big drum. The drummer plays the drum during the race.
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Unit 1 Let’s Celebrate! 核心语法精练
（简单句、并列句与复合句）
目录
二、考点夯基 3
一、单项选择 3
二、完成句子 7
一、语法填空 9
二、选词填空 11
简单句、并列句与复合句
一、简单句
1. 定义
简单句是只含有一套主谓结构的句子。句子里可以有多个定语、状语来修饰成分，也可以有并列的主语或者并列的谓语，但不会出现两套独立的主谓结构，没有从句，也没有并列连词连接独立分句。
> 注意：简单句不等于短句！很多很长的句子，只要只有一套核心主谓，依然是简单句。
> 例：The girl in red beside the window reads English poems aloud every morning.
> 翻译：窗边那位穿红衣服的女孩每天早上大声朗读英文诗歌。
> 这句话修饰成分很多，但只有一个主语the girl、一个谓语reads，属于简单句。
2. 五大基本句型（所有简单句的基础）
① 主谓结构（S + V）
谓语动词是不及物动词，本身意思完整，后面不需要接宾语。常见动词：happen, appear, rise, sleep, arrive等。
例：The sun rises slowly in the east.
太阳从东方缓缓升起。
② 主谓宾结构（S + V + O）
谓语动词是及物动词，动作需要作用在宾语上，句意才完整。宾语是动作的承受者，可以是名词、代词、动名词等。
例：Many teenagers enjoy watching traditional cultural shows.
很多青少年喜欢观看传统文化节目。
③ 主系表结构（S + Link.V + P）
谓语是系动词，后面接表语，用来描述主语的身份、特征、状态。
✅ 系动词分类：
be动词：am, is, are, was, were
感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
变化类系动词：become, get, turn, grow
保持类系动词：keep, stay
例：The silk scarf feels soft and smooth.
这条丝巾摸起来柔软顺滑。
④ 主谓双宾结构（S + V + IO + DO）
动词后面接两个宾语：间接宾语（多指人，表动作接收对象）、直接宾语（多指物，表动作内容）。
常用动词：give, pass, send, tell, show, offer, teach
转换公式：动词 + sb. + sth. = 动词 + sth. + to/for + sb.
例：My grandma told me a story about ancient villages.
= My grandma told a story about ancient villages to me.
奶奶给我讲了一个关于古村落的故事。
⑤ 主谓宾补结构（S + V + O + OC）
宾语之后加上宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的状态、动作；如果去掉宾补，句子意思不完整。
宾补可以是形容词、名词、不定式、现在分词等。
例：We find the book about local history very interesting.
我们发现这本关于地方史的书十分有趣。
（去掉interesting，句子“We find the book about local history”语义残缺）
3. 补充易错点
1. 简单句可以有并列主语：Tom and Jerry like painting.（主语并列，一套谓语，简单句）
2. 简单句可以有并列谓语：He opened the door and walked in.（谓语并列，一套主语，简单句）
3. 一个简单句，不能有两个互不关联的谓语动词直接放在一起，这是改错题高频考点。
二、并列句
1. 定义
由两个或两个以上独立、地位平等的简单句（分句），通过并列连词连接而成的句子。
每一个分句都有自己完整的主谓结构，分句之间没有主次、修饰关系，谁都不依附另外一句。
2. 基础结构
分句1 + 并列连词 + 分句2
> 书写要点：逗号一般放在连词前面；部分短句子也可以不用逗号。
3. 并列连词分类（中考必考）
① 表并列、顺承：and, not only…but also…
and 表示动作先后、语义顺延、并列关系；
not only…but also… 不仅……而且……，侧重递进。
例：He prepared carefully and he won the speech competition.
他认真准备，赢得了演讲比赛。
② 表转折：but, yet
but 但是，前后语义相反；yet 然而，转折语气更柔和。
⚠️ 重点：but 和 although/though 不能同时出现在一句话里。
例：The task is hard, but it is worth trying.
这项任务很难，但是值得一试。
③ 表选择、警示：or
两层含义：或者；否则（用于提醒）
例：You should take a map, or you may get lost in the forest.
你带上地图吧，不然你可能会在林中迷路。
④ 表因果：so, for
so 所以，引出结果；for 因为，用来补充说明理由，语气偏弱，一般不放在句首。
⚠️ 重点：so 和 because 不能同时使用。
例：It rained heavily, so we put off the outdoor activity.
雨下得很大，所以我们推迟了户外活动。
4. 并列句判断关键点
1. 存在两套及以上主谓结构；
2. 依靠and / but / or / so / not only…but also…等并列连词连接；
3. 把连词去掉，前后两个分句都可以独立成句。
5. 拓展：并列连词的就近原则
not only…but also…连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
例：Not only the students but also their teacher likes this documentary.
不仅学生们，连他们的老师也喜欢这部纪录片。
三、复合句
1. 定义
由一个主句 + 一个或多个从句组成。
主句：句子的核心主干，可以独立成句；
从句：由从属连词引导，依附主句存在，不能单独拿出来作为完整句子，作用是修饰、补充说明主句的信息。
主句和从句有明确的主次关系，这是复合句和并列句最核心的区别。
2. 三大类复合句（九年级核心，贯穿中考）
（1）宾语从句
功能：放在动词、介词、部分形容词之后，在句中充当宾语。
引导词分三类：
① that：陈述句变宾语从句，that无词义，口语中常省略；
② if / whether：一般疑问句变宾语从句，含义“是否”；
③ 特殊疑问词（what/who/where/when/why/how等）：特殊疑问句变宾语从句。
✅ 宾语从句三要素：引导词、语序（陈述语序）、时态呼应
例：I think that traditional culture will last forever.
我认为传统文化会一直传承下去。
例：She asks whether we will join the city museum visit.
她问我们是否会参加城市博物馆的参观活动。
（2）状语从句
功能：修饰主句里的动词、形容词或者整个主句，用来表达时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较等逻辑。
常考分类+引导词：
时间状语从句：when, while, before, after, until, as soon as
条件状语从句：if, unless（除非）
原因状语从句：because, since, as
让步状语从句：though / although（虽然）
目的状语从句：so that（以便，为了）
结果状语从句：so…that…（如此……以至于……）
例：Although he met many difficulties, he never gave up his dream.
虽然他遇到很多困难，但是他从未放弃梦想。
例：We get up early so that we can catch the first bus.
我们早起，这样就能赶上首班车。
（3）定语从句
功能：放在名词/代词之后，用来修饰、限定这个名词（先行词），相当于中文里“……的”。
常考关系代词：who（指人）、which（指物）、that（人/物都可以）
例：The woman who gave us the lecture is a famous writer.
给我们做讲座的那位女士是一位知名作家。
例：The photo that you took last week looks wonderful.
你上周拍的那张照片很好看。
3. 复合句判断关键点
1. 含有两套及以上主谓结构；
2. 带有从属连词（that/if/when/because/though/who/which等）；
3. 拆分之后，从句无法独立表达完整意思，必须依附主句。
一、单项选择
1．What is the sentence pattern of “The summer holiday is coming.”?
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+OC
【答案】A
【详解】句意：“The summer holiday is coming.”的句型是什么？
“The summer holiday”是主语，表示“暑假”，“is coming”是谓语，表示“即将来临”，come是不及物动词。句子结构是S+V。
2．Choose the sentence structure of this sentence: “He made us laugh.”
A．S+V+P B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+OC D．S+V+IO+DO
【答案】C
【详解】句意：选出“He made us laugh”的句子结构。
S+V+P主系表结构；S+V+O主谓宾结构；S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补结构；S+V+IO+DO主谓双宾结构。句中He是主语，made是谓语，us是宾语，laugh是宾语补足语，补充说明宾语us的动作，us和laugh存在逻辑上的主谓关系，符合S+V+O+OC的结构特征，应选S+V+O+OC。
3．Which of the following sentences belongs to the pattern S+V+O?
A．The flowers smell sweet. B．She reads English every morning.
C．My mum bought me a new pen. D．The kids kept the room clean.
【答案】B
【详解】句意：下面哪一个句子属于S+V+O（主谓宾）句型？
The flowers smell sweet花儿闻起来很香，结构为S+V+P（主语+系动词+表语）；She reads English every morning她每天早晨读英语，结构为S+V+O（主语+谓语+宾语）；My mum bought me a new pen妈妈给我买了一支新钢笔，结构为S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）；The kids kept the room clean. 孩子们保持房间干净，结构为S+V+O+C（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）。“She reads English every morning.” 中，She为主语，reads为谓语，English为宾语，every morning是时间状语，结构是S+V+O。故选用“She reads English every morning.”。
4．The sentence “I sent Kangkang an email.” belongs to the pattern ________.
A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S+V+ IO+DO D．S + V + O + C
【答案】C
【详解】句意：句子“I sent Kangkang an email.”属于句型“S+V+ IO+DO”结构。
S + V + O主谓宾结构；S + V + P主系表结构；S + V + IO + DO主谓双宾结构；S + V + O + C主谓宾补结构。根据句子“I sent Kangkang an email.”可知，I是主语（S），sent是谓语（V），Kangkang是间接宾语（IO），an email是直接宾语（DO），该句属于主谓双宾结构。
5．The sentence structure of “They make paper flowers.” is ________.
A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O+OC C．S+V D．S+V+O
【答案】D
【详解】句意：“They make paper flowers.”的句子结构是“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”。
S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，双宾语结构）；S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）；S+V（主谓，不及物动词后面不加宾语）；S+V+O（主谓宾）。They作主语；make作谓语；paper flowers作宾语。故选D。
6．The sun rises in the east. The sentence structure is ________.
A．S+V+C B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO
【答案】B
【详解】句意：太阳从东方升起。句子结构是主语＋谓语。
S+V+C主系表结构；S+V主谓结构；S+V+O主谓宾结构；S+V+DO主谓＋直接宾语结构。分析句子成分可知，“The sun”是主语，“rises”是不及物动词作谓语，“in the east”是地点状语。不及物动词后不接宾语或表语，该句核心结构为主语加谓语，应填S+V。
7．The sentence pattern of the sentence “The old man feels better today” is ________.
A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“这位老人今天感觉好多了。”的句型是S+V+P。
句子“The old man feels better today”中，“The old man”是主语，“feels”是系动词，“better”是形容词作表语，“today”是时间状语。该句结构符合“主语+系动词+表语”，故填S+V+P。
8．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I saw some kids kicking the ball.” ?
A．Hobo is building a tent. B．The rain was falling the whole night.
C．He advised me to make notes. D．I bought him a toy train.
【答案】C
【详解】句意：下面哪个句子和 “I saw some kids kicking the ball.” 句子结构相同？
“I saw some kids kicking the ball.”的句子结构为“S＋V＋DO＋OC”，“Hobo is building a tent.”结构为“S＋V＋O”；“The rain was falling the whole night.”结构为“S＋V”；“He advised me to make notes.”结构为“S＋V＋DO＋OC”；“I bought him a toy train.”结构为“S＋V＋IO＋DO”。应填He advised me to make notes.
9．Which of the following sentences is presented with the structure of “S+V+O+O” ?
A．Zhalong is an important wetland in the world.
B．The area gives a lot of wildlife food and cover.
C．Zhalong needs more people to count the birds.
D．We call these people volunteers.
【答案】B
【详解】句意：下列哪一个句子呈现的是“S+V+O+O”的结构？
Zhalong is an important wetland in the world.是S+V+P结构； The area gives a lot of wildlife food and cover.S+V+O+O是 结构；Zhalong needs more people to count the birds.是S+V+O+OC 结构；We call these people volunteers.S+V+O+OC是结构。根据“The area gives a lot of wildlife food and cover”可知，The area是主语，gives是谓语，wildlife是间接宾语，food and cover是直接宾语，符合双宾语结构。
10．The sentence structure of “The birds fly happily in the sky.” is ________.
A．S+V+O B．S+V C．S+V+P D．S+V+O+C
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“鸟儿在天空中快乐地飞翔。”这个句子的结构是S+V。
S+V+O主谓宾；S+V主谓；S+V+P主谓表；S+V+O+C主谓宾宾补。“The birds”是主语 (S)，“fly”是谓语 (V)，后面没有宾语或表语，属于“主语+谓语”结构。应填S+V。
11．The sentence structure of “We paint the wall blue.” is “________”.
A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+O+O D．S+V+O+C
【答案】D
【详解】句意：“We paint the wall blue.”的句子结构是“S+V+O+C”。
在句子“We paint the wall blue.”中，We为主语，paint为谓语，the wall为宾语，blue为形容词作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语the wall的状态，因此句子是“S+V+O+C”的结构。
12．Which is the sentence pattern of “I like reading very much”?
A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO
C．S+V D．S+V+P
【答案】A
【详解】句意：“我非常喜欢阅读”是什么句型？
I是主语，like是谓语，reading是宾语，very much是状语。该句核心成分为主语+谓语+宾语。应填S+V+O。
13．Which of the following is the same as “I saw him reading a book.” in structure?
A．You have a very nice sister. B．The news made me happy.
C．My grandpa gave me a red packet. D．He likes playing the piano.
【答案】B
【详解】句意：下列哪项在结构上与“I saw him reading a book.”相同？
You have a very nice sister. 你有一个非常漂亮的姐姐（主谓宾结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语）；The news made me happy. 这个消息让我很高兴（主谓宾宾补结构：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语）；My grandpa gave me a red packet. 我爷爷给我了一个红包（主谓双宾结构：主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）；He likes playing the piano. 他喜欢弹钢琴（主谓宾结构：主语 + 谓语 + 动名词短语作宾语）。题干中的例句“I saw him reading a book.”属于“主语 (I) + 谓语 (saw) + 宾语 (him) + 宾语补足语 (reading a book)”结构（现在分词短语作宾语补足语）。在四个选项中，只有B选项中的happy作宾语me的补足语，充当宾补，属于“主谓宾宾补”结构。
14．Everyone knows fire is very useful in our daily life, ________ it is also dangerous.
A．but B．for C．because
【答案】A
【详解】句意：每个人都知道火在我们的日常生活中非常有用，但是它也很危险。
but但是；for因为；because因为。根据“fire is very useful...it is also dangerous”可知，有用和危险之间表示转折关系。应填but。
15．Zhang Ying had a position high up in the government, ________ his family wrote to him for advice.
A．so B．but C．because D．although
【答案】A
【详解】句意：张英在政府身居高位，所以他的家人写信给他寻求建议。
so所以；but但是；because因为；although虽然。根据“Zhang Ying had a position high up in the government”可知张英地位高，家人因此写信寻求建议，前后构成因果关系，空处表示结果，应用so连接。
16．I’ve wanted to read The Little Prince for long, _______ today I finally borrowed the book from the library.
A．or B．since C．and D．because
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我一直想读《小王子》，今天终于从图书馆借到了这本书。
考查连词辨析。or否则；since自从；and和；because因为。一直想读《小王子》，今天借到了这本书，设空处前后句意出现递进，用and连接表递进关系的并列句。故选C。
17．We must get up before 6:00 tomorrow morning, ______ we’ll miss the early bus.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们必须在明天早上6点前起床，否则我们会错过早班车。
考查连词辨析。and和；but但是；so所以；or否则。根据句意，前半句“必须在6点前起床”表示条件，后半句“会错过早班车”表示不满足该条件的负面结果，需用“否则”来连接，表示警告或选择关系。选项D符合此逻辑。故选D。
18．You should review the texts before doing your homework, ________ you will make more mistakes.
A．or B．but C．and
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在做作业之前你应该复习课文，否则你会犯更多的错误。
or否则；but但是；and和。根据“You should review the texts before doing your homework”及“you will make more mistakes”可知，前句是建议，后句是不执行建议的后果，表示“否则”的含义。
19．He is only 12 years old, ________ he knows a lot about the history of cinema.
A．although B．though C．but D．however
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他只有12岁，但是他懂得很多关于电影史的知识。
although虽然；though虽然；but但是；however然而。根据“He is only 12 years old,...he knows a lot about the history of cinema”可知，前后句为转折关系，应选用but。however后需使用逗号。
20．Paper-cutting is a special form of traditional Chinese art, ________ it attracts many foreigners.
A．but B．or C．because D．so
【答案】D
【详解】句意：剪纸是一种特殊的中国传统艺术形式，因此它吸引了许多外国人。
but但是（表转折）；or否则（表选择）；because因为（表原因）；so所以（表结果）。前一分句“剪纸是一种特殊的中国传统艺术”与后一分句“吸引了许多外国人”之间为因果关系，前因后果，故应用so。
21．—Tom, please tell me ________ to Beijing. I can pick you up at the airport.
—Thank you. The flight arrives at 7:30 p.m.
A．when you will get B．when will you get C．when did you get D．when you got
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——汤姆，请告诉我你什么时候到北京。我可以去机场接你。——谢谢。航班下午7:30到达。
when you will get你什么时候到达（宾语从句用陈述语序，且表示将来）；when will you get你什么时候到达（疑问语序，错误）；when did you get你什么时候到达的（一般过去时，与答语“arrives at 7:30 p.m.”的时间不符）；when you got你什么时候到达的（一般过去时，错误）。根据答语“The flight arrives at 7:30 p.m.”可知，“到达”是将来的事情，应用一般将来时；且宾语从句需用陈述语序。
22．—Frank, can you tell me ________? I’m new here.
—Usually at 8:00 am.
A．what time does the school gym open B．what time the school gym opens
C．what time did the school gym open D．what time the school gym opened
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——弗兰克，你能告诉我学校体育馆几点开放吗？我刚来这里。——通常是上午8点。
what time does the school gym open学校体育馆几点开放（疑问语序）；what time the school gym opens学校体育馆几点开放（陈述语序）；what time did the school gym open学校体育馆几点开放（一般过去时）；what time the school gym opened学校体育馆几点开放（一般过去时，陈述语序）。根据“can you tell me”可知，此处考查宾语从句，应用陈述语序；再根据答语“Usually at 8:00 am.”可知，此处询问学校体育馆通常开放的时间，应用一般现在时，应填what time the school gym opens。
23．—Your stamps are so fantastic. Could you tell me ________?
—Oh, I bought them in the post office next to the bank.
A．why did you buy them B．why you bought them C．where you bought them
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你的邮票太棒了。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——哦，我在银行旁边的邮局买的。
why did you buy them你为什么买它们（疑问句语序，询问原因）；why you bought them你为什么买它们（陈述句语序，询问原因）；where you bought them你在哪里买的（陈述句语序，询问地点）。根据答句“in the post office”可知，询问的是地点，应用where引导宾语从句，且从句用陈述句语序，应填where you bought them。
24．Could you tell me ________?
A．how can I improve my pronunciation B．how I can improve my pronunciation
C．how did I improve my pronunciation D．how I improve can my pronunciation
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎么提高我的发音吗？
how can I improve my pronunciation疑问语序；how I can improve my pronunciation陈述语序；how did I improve my pronunciation疑问语序；how I improve can my pronunciation语序错误。宾语从句要用陈述语序，因此选B。
25．—Do you know ________?
—Yes, he is from Hunan.
A．where the scientist comes from B．where does the scientist come from
C．where the scientist came from D．where did the scientist come from
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你知道这位科学家来自哪里吗？——是的，他来自湖南。
宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，选项B和D是疑问语序，所以排除。根据答语“he is from Hunan”是一般现在时，可知从句也用一般现在时，选项C是过去时，所以排除，应填where the scientist comes from。
26．—Could you tell me _______?
—Next Friday afternoon.
A．when we will hold the sports meeting
B．when will we hold the sports meeting
C．where we will hold the sports meeting
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我什么时候将举办运动会吗？——下周五的下午。
根据答语“Next Friday afternoon”可知，问句询问的是时间，引导词应用when，C选项引导词为where，故排除；宾语从句需用陈述语序，即连接词后接“主语+谓语”，B选项语序为will we，属于疑问语序，不符合规则。应填when we will hold the sports meeting。
27．— Could you please tell me ________?
— No problem. It can help write music in your own style.
A．when the AI app came out B．when did the AI app come out
C．what the AI app can do D．what can the AI app do
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这个人工智能应用程序能做什么吗？——没问题。它可以帮助你以自己的风格创作音乐。
when the AI app came out这个人工智能应用程序何时问世；when did the AI app come out这个人工智能应用程序何时问世（疑问句语序）；what the AI app can do这个人工智能应用程序能做什么；what can the AI app do这个人工智能应用程序能做什么（疑问句语序）。根据答语“It can help write music in your own style”可知，此处询问人工智能应用程序的功能；根据“Could you please tell me”可知，空处是宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，应填what the AI app can do。
28．—Could you tell me ________?
—Sure. It is on the second floor.
A．where is the reading room B．where the reading room is
C．where was the reading room D．where the reading room was
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我阅览室在哪里吗？——当然可以。它在二楼。
Could在这里是委婉提问，不表示过去；宾语从句要使用陈述语序。根据答句“It is on the second floor.”可知，句子为一般现在时，应填where the reading room is。
29．Could you tell me ________?
A．where is the restroom B．where the restroom is
C．where was the restroom D．the restroom where is
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗？
此处是宾语从句，从句应该用陈述语序，选项B符合句意。
30．— Have a nice journey!
— Thank you, Mum. I’ll give you a call ________ I get there.
A．until B．while C．since D．as soon as
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——旅途愉快！——谢谢你，妈妈。我一到那里就会给你打电话。
until直到……为止；while当……时候；since 自从；as soon as 一……就……。根据主句“I’ll give you a call”是一般将来时，从句“I get there”是一般现在时，符合“主将从现”原则。结合语境，孩子向妈妈保证到达目的地后立刻打电话报平安，as soon as引导时间状语从句符合题意。
31．We will wait here ________ you come back safely.
A．till B．if C．though D．because
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们会一直等待，直到你平安回来。
till直到；if如果；though虽然；because因为。根据“We will wait here…you come back safely.”可知此处表达等待的动作会持续到对方回来为止，till符合。
32．Tom didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back last night.
A．till B．if C．because D．unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：昨晚，汤姆直到他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。
till直到……为止；if如果；because因为；unless除非。根据“Tom didn’t go to bed _____ his mother came back last night.”可知，此处指汤姆直到妈妈回来才上床睡觉，till符合语境。
33．________ you keep practicing smart learning skills, you will get better grades.
A．Unless B．If C．Though D．Before
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果你坚持练习巧妙的学习技巧，你将取得更好的成绩。
Unless除非；If如果；Though虽然；Before在……之前。根据“you will get better grades”可知，后半句是前半句“坚持练习”带来的结果，前半句表示条件，应用If引导条件状语从句。
34．—Cindy, are you going to Jeff’s birthday party on Saturday?
—Unless I ________.
A．will be invited B．invited C．am invited
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Cindy，你周六要去Jeff的生日派对吗？——除非我被邀请。
unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，从句需用一般现在时表将来；主语I与动词invite之间为被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。
35．________ Yuan Longping helped many people keep away from hunger, he lived a simple life.
A．Ever since B．Even though C．Only if D．As long as
【答案】B
【详解】句意：尽管袁隆平帮助许多人远离了饥饿，但他却过着朴素的生活。
Ever since自从；Even though尽管；Only if只有；As long as只要。根据前后句句意可知，前句提到巨大贡献，后句提到生活朴素，前后分句之间存在让步关系。Even though引导让步状语从句，符合语境。其余选项分别引导时间或条件状语从句，逻辑不通。
36．________ he is very young, he has read lots of books about Chinese history and culture.
A．Although B．Unless C．Since D．As long as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：虽然他很年轻，但他读了很多关于中国历史和文化的书籍。
Although虽然；Unless除非；Since自从/既然；As long as只要。根据句中的“very young”和“read lots of books”可知，前后句意存在让步关系，Although引导让步状语从句，符合语境。
37．He failed the exam ________ he didn’t work hard enough.
A．since B．because C．as D．so
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他考试不及格，因为他学习不够努力。
since因为；because因为；as因为；so所以。根据“He failed the exam”和“he didn’t work hard enough”可知，后者是前者的原因，应用表示“因为”的连词引导原因状语从句。since/as多表双方已知的、显而易见的原因，语气弱于because，结合题目，“他不够努力” 是解释不及格的直接原因，不是大家已知的前提，应填because。
38．________ our topic is about protecting the earth, I plan to start our report with Blue Planet.
A．Since B．Although C．While D．Unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：既然我们的主题是关于保护地球，我计划以《蓝色星球》开始我们的报告。
Since既然/由于；Although尽管；While当……时；Unless除非。前半句“主题是关于保护地球”是后半句“计划以《蓝色星球》开始报告”的原因，since引导原因状语从句，符合逻辑。
39．I study hard ________ I can pass the coming exam.
A．so that B．such that C．so…that D．because
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我努力学习，为了能够通过即将到来的考试。
so that为了，以便；such that如此……以至于；so…that如此……以至于；because因为。前半句“I study hard”是采取的行动，后半句“I can pass the coming exam”是行动的目的。应用so that引导目的状语从句。
40．The workers have planted thousands of trees on the hills ________ they can hold the soil together.
A．in order that B．because C．even though D．as if
【答案】A
【详解】句意：工人们在山上种了成千上万棵树，以便他们能把土壤固住。
in order that目的是；because因为；even though虽然；as if好像，似乎。分析句子逻辑，前句“种树”是措施，后句“固土”是目的，in order that引导目的状语从句，符合语境。
41．This is ________ a wonderful film ________ many people want to watch it.
A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这是如此精彩的一部电影，以至于很多人都想看它。
so…that如此……以至于；such…that如此……以至于；too…to太……而不能；enough…to足够……去做。本句中心词是名词film，要用such修饰，应填such; that。
42．It was ________ a funny story ________ all of us laughed a lot.
A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这是一个如此有趣的故事，以至于我们所有人都笑了很多。
so...that...如此……以至于……（so修饰形容词或副词）；such...that...如此……以至于……（such修饰名词）；too...to...太……而不能……；enough...to...足够……去做……。此处“a funny story”为名词短语，应用such...that...引导结果状语从句。
43．We all like the story ________ was told in our lab last month about the engineer.
A．who B．which C．whose D．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们都喜欢上个月在我们实验室讲的那个关于那位工程师的故事。
who谁；which哪一个；whose谁的；what什么。先行词是the story，指物，定语从句中缺主语，应填which。
44．—Look at the beautiful painting! Do you know who painted it?
—Yes. It was painted by a famous artist ________ lived in the 19th century.
A．which B．who C．what D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——看看这幅美丽的画！你知道是谁画的吗？——是的。这幅画是由一位19世纪的著名艺术家创作的。
先行词artist指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who。
45．Yu Yi, a great teacher ________ devoted all her life to education, died on March 14, 2026.
A．who B．which C．what D．whom
【答案】A
【详解】句意：于漪，一位把毕生奉献给教育的伟大教师，于2026年3月14日逝世。
who谁（指人，作主语）；which哪一个（指物）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）；whom谁（指人，作宾语）。根据先行词“teacher”是人，且在定语从句中作主语，可知应填入“who”。
46．The painting ________ you see on the wall is my favourite work by Vincent van Gogh.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你在墙上看到的这幅画是我最喜欢的梵高作品。
who指代人；whom指代人，在从句中作宾语；whose表所属；which指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语。先行词painting是物，从句缺宾语，所以用which。
47．I like the song ________ has great lyrics.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我喜欢这首歌词很棒的歌。
句子是定语从句，先行词the song是物，关系词在从句中作主语，应选which引导定语从句。
48．Beijing is the first city _________ has hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
A．who B．which C．that D．where
【答案】C
【详解】句意：北京是第一个既举办过夏季奥运会又举办过冬季奥运会的城市。
who谁；which哪一个；that那个；where在哪里。根据先行词city前面有序数词the first修饰，定语从句关系词只能用that的语法规则可知，that符合语境。
49．I love music ________ I can dance to.
A．who B．what C．that D．where
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。
先行词music指物，在定语从句中作dance to的宾语，应用关系代词that或which。who指人；what不能引导定语从句；where关系副词，指地点。应填that。
50．Lucy is a girl ________ is good at singing.
A．which B．who C．whose D．what
【答案】B
【详解】句意：露西是一个擅长唱歌的女孩。
which指物，可作主语或宾语；who指人，可作主语或宾语；whose指人或物，表所属关系，作定语；what不能引导定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是a girl，关系词指人，且在从句中作主语，所以用who。
二、其他
写出下列句子的句子结构。
51．The students are playing football over there.
_________________
52．Some fishermen are fishing in the river.
_________________
53．The music sounds beautiful.
_________________
54．The government has made laws.
_________________
55．Some birds are flying in the sky.
_________________
56．The woman in a red dress looks pretty.
_________________
57．The temperature dropped a lot.
_________________
58．The leaves turn green in spring.
_________________
59．Sandy turned the key.
_________________
60．Mr Zhang made a cage for his parrot.
_________________
【答案】
51．S+V+O 52．S+V 53．S+V+P 54．S+V+O 55．S+V 56．S+V+P 57．S+V 58．S+V+P 59．S+V+O 60．S+V+O
【详解】51．句意：学生们正在那边踢足球。
The students在句中做主语（S）；are playing是谓语动词（V），后面紧跟着宾语football（O）。故答案为S+V+O。
52．句意：一些渔民正在河里钓鱼。
Some fishermen在句中做主语（S）；are fishing是谓语动词（V），fishing为不及物动词，后面无宾语。故答案为S+V。
53．句意：音乐听起来很美妙。
The music在句中做主语（S）；sounds是系动词（属于 V），后面接表语beautiful（P）构成系表结构。故答案为S+V+P。
54．句意：政府已经制定了法律。
The government在句中做主语（S）；has made是谓语动词（V），后面紧跟着宾语laws（O）。故答案为S+V+O。
55．句意：一些鸟正在天空中飞翔。
Some birds在句中做主语（S）；are flying是谓语动词（V），flying为不及物动词，后面无宾语。故答案为S+V。
56．句意：穿红裙子的女士看起来很漂亮。
The woman（in a red dress为定语，修饰 The woman）在句中做主语（S）；looks是系动词（属于 V），后面接表语pretty（P）构成系表结构。故答案为S+V+P。
57．句意：气温下降了很多。
The temperature在句中做主语（S）；dropped是谓语动词（V），dropped 为不及物动词，后面无宾语。故答案为S+V。
58．句意：树叶在春天变绿了。
The leaves在句中做主语（S）；turn是系动词（属于 V），后面接表语green（P）构成系表结构。故答案为S+V+P。
59．句意：桑迪转动了钥匙。
Sandy在句中做主语（S）；turned是谓语动词（V），后面紧跟着宾语the key（O）。故答案为S+V+O。
60．句意：张先生为他的鹦鹉做了一个笼子。
Mr Zhang在句中做主语（S）；made是谓语动词（V），后面紧跟着宾语a cage（for his parrot 为状语，修饰 made）。故答案为S+V+O。
一、语法填空
（26-27九年级上·辽宁大连·阶段检测）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Mooncakes: Sweet Treats for a Family Night
Mooncakes are round, filled pastries (带馅的糕点) eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. They are small and dense (密实), 1 (usual) about the size of a palm (手掌), with patterns pressed on top — often flowers, moons, or the Chinese characters for “longevity” and “harmony.” The round shape symbolizes family reunion and completeness (完整).
The tradition of eating mooncakes goes back over a thousand years. During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD), people 2 (offer) round cakes to the moon during harvest festivals. 3 the most famous story comes from the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 AD). It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋) wanted to overthrow (推翻) the 4 (rule). He hid secret messages inside mooncakes telling people to rise up on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival. The plan worked, and mooncakes became a symbol of unity and resistance (抵抗). After Zhu founded the Ming Dynasty, mooncakes remained a special festival food.
Mooncakes carry deep meanings:
● Family reunion: Families gather under 5 full moon, share mooncakes, and drink tea.
● Gift of love: People give mooncakes to parents, teachers, and friends 6 (show) care and gratitude (感恩).
● Harvest celebration: The festival thanks nature 7 autumn’s bounty (馈赠).
Mooncakes come in different kinds such as the ones with lotus seed paste (莲蓉), ice cream, and even truffle (松露), etc. So far, companies 8 (create) low-sugar and mini mooncakes for people who pay attention to their health. Many schools 9 (hold) mooncake-making workshops where children learn to press dough (面团) into wooden molds (木模).
The Mid-Autumn Festival remains one of China’s 10 (important) holidays, and mooncakes are its sweetest symbol. Mooncakes teach us: the best things in life are meant to be shared.
【答案】
1．usually 2．offered 3．But 4．rulers 5．the 6．to show 7．for 8．have created 9．hold 10．most important
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中秋节的传统美食——月饼，包括它的外观、历史起源、象征意义以及现代的发展变化。
1．句意：它们小而密实，通常大约有手掌那么大，上面印有图案——通常是花、月亮或汉字“寿”和“和”。设空处在句中修饰后面的介词短语，作状语，应用副词形式，usual的副词是usually。
2．句意：在唐朝（公元618-907年）期间，人们在丰收节期间向月亮供奉圆饼。根据时间状语“During the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD)”可知，事情发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填offered。
3．句意：但是，最著名的故事来自元朝（公元1271-1368年）。前文提到吃月饼的传统可以追溯到唐朝，后文说最著名的故事来自元朝，前后句意存在转折关系，应用连词but，且设空处位于句首，首字母需大写。
4．句意：据说朱元璋想推翻统治者。设空处前面有定冠词the修饰，作动词overthrow的宾语，应用名词形式。rule的名词形式ruler意为“统治者”，结合历史语境，推翻的应是统治者，可填rulers。
5．句意：一家人聚在满月下，分享月饼，喝茶。此处特指中秋节的那一轮满月，应用定冠词the。
6．句意：人们把月饼送给父母、老师和朋友来表达关心和感激。设空处表示送月饼的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to show。
7．句意：这个节日感谢大自然赐予的秋季丰收。固定搭配thank sb. for sth.意为“因某事感谢某人”，此处表示感谢大自然的原因，应用介词for。
8．句意：到目前为止，公司已经为关注健康的人们创造了低糖和迷你月饼。根据时间状语“So far”可知，句子应用现在完成时。主语companies是复数，助动词用have，故填have created。
9．句意：许多学校举办制作月饼的工坊，孩子们在那里学习将面团压入木模中。此处陈述的是现在的普遍现象或客观事实，句子应用一般现在时。主语Many schools是复数，谓语动词用原形，故填hold。
10．句意：中秋节仍然是中国最重要的节日之一，而月饼是它最甜蜜的象征。分析句子结构，此处表达最高级的含义，设空处应用important的最高级most important。
（26-27九年级上·辽宁锦州·阶段检测）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
Speaking of respecting the elderly, the first Chinese festival that comes to your mind might be the traditional Double Ninth Festival. The festival is celebrated 1 the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar every year. The festival is known as Chongyang Festival, too.
One of the main 2 (tradition) during the festival is mountain climbing. People get together with their families and friends to hike up mountains to “stand high and see far”. This 3 (be) a Chinese tradition since ancient times.
Traditionally, the festival is also a time to drink chrysanthemum wine(菊花酒), eat Chongyang cakes 4 wear cornels(茱萸). The chrysanthemum wine is not only a delicious drink but also believed to be good for health. People also believe that cornels can help to drive out the bad spirits and bring good luck.
However, the Double Ninth Festival is not just a time for climbing mountains and 5 (enjoy) the autumn scenery. More importantly, it is a time to show respect for the elderly.
As nine is 6 (big) single-digit (个位) number, and its pronunciation sounds the same as “long” in Chinese, the festival shows people’s wish for all the elderly to live a long and 7 (health) life. So the day is also seen as a chance 8 (care) for and express thanks to the elderly. Families usually come together and show respect and love for their elder relatives. People may also visit 9 (they) grandparents or elderly neighbors, bringing gifts and sharing meals.
The Double Ninth Festival is of great 10 (important) in Chinese traditional culture. It reminds us of not only the beauty of autumn but also the value of the elderly.
【答案】
1．on 2．traditions 3．has been 4．and 5．enjoying 6．the biggest 7．healthy 8．to care 9．their 10．importance
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日重阳节的时间、登高饮菊花酒等习俗，以及它敬老、祈福长寿的文化意义。
1．句意：这个节日在每年中国农历九月初九庆祝。具体到某一天，介词用on。
2．句意：节日期间的主要传统之一就是登山。one of the main + 复数名词，tradition要用复数traditions。
3．句意：自古以来这就是中国的传统。since ancient times与现在完成时连用，主语This是单数，所以用has been。
4．句意：传统上，这个节日也是饮菊花酒、吃重阳糕和佩戴茱萸的时候。三个动作drink、eat、wear并列，用连词and。
5．句意：然而，重阳节不仅仅是登山和欣赏秋景的时候。a time for doing sth.，for是介词，后面接动名词；与 climbing并列，所以enjoy变为enjoying。
6．句意：因为九是最大的个位数，而且它的发音在中文里和“久”相同，这个节日表达了人们希望所有老人健康长寿的愿望。个位数中最大的是九，用最高级the biggest。
7．句意：因为九是最大的个位数，而且它的发音在中文里和“久”相同，这个节日表达了人们希望所有老人健康长寿的愿望。修饰名词life，用形容词healthy。
8．句意：所以这一天也被看作关心老人并向他们表达感谢的机会。a chance to do sth.，用不定式to care，与后面的express并列。
9．句意：人们也可能去看望他们的祖父母或年长的邻居，带礼物并一起吃饭。 修饰grandparents，用形容词性物主代词their。
10．句意：重阳节在中国传统文化中非常重要。be of great + 名词，表示“具有很大的……”，important的名词形式是importance。
二、选词填空
（25-26九年级上·山东德州·阶段检测）阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。
thousand, between, tour, life, though, why, they, healthy, rain, but, good
Did ancient people plant trees? 1 they didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree Planting Day, the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time. Back then, the weather was always 2 around the Qingming Festival in spring. The trees had 3 conditions (状况) to grow than usual, so people formed the custom of planting trees around the Qingming Festival.
There were 4 of kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were popular in ancient times. To feed the silkworms (蚕), more mulberry leaves were needed. Silk came from the silkworms, and then was made into silk clothes and traded (交易) 5 the east and the west of the world.
Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdom Period (三国时期), saved many people’s 6 for free. He only asked 7 to plant apricot trees (杏树) on a hill. Day by day, a forest of apricot trees grew on the hill. That’s 8 we now praise an excellent doctor with the words “warmth in an apricot forest”.
Each dynasty (朝代) has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty planted a ginkgo (银杏) tree personally in a temple (寺庙) in Chang’an 1,400 years ago, and the ginkgo tree is still growing 9 now. So far, the temple has become a popular place for 10 .
So, on Tree Planting Day next year, do you want to plant a tree with your wishes on it?
【答案】
1．Though 2．rainy 3．better 4．thousands 5．between 6．lives 7．them 8．why 9．healthy 10．tourists
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国古代植树的传统，包括清明节植树的习俗、桑树和果树的作用、三国时期董奉的“杏林”典故以及唐代银杏树的现状，旨在弘扬植树文化。
1．句意：虽然他们没有像植树节这样的特殊日子，但植树的传统已经存在很久了。分析句子结构，前后句存在让步关系，应用though引导让步状语从句，位于句首首字母要大写。
2．句意：那时，春天清明节前后的天气总是多雨的。设空处作表语，形容天气，结合常识可知，清明前后天气多雨，用rain的形容词rainy。
3．句意：树木比平时有更好的生长条件，所以人们形成了在清明节前后植树的习俗。根据空后than可知，此处应用比较级，此处指树木生长的条件比平时更好，用good的比较级better。
4．句意：有成千上万种树木。固定短语thousands of意为“成千上万的”，修饰kinds。
5．句意：丝绸来自蚕，然后被制成丝绸衣服，并在东西方之间进行贸易。固定搭配between ... and ... 意为“在……和……之间”，符合交易的语境。
6．句意：董奉是三国时期的一位著名医生，他免费救了很多人的命。many people’s后应接复数名词，此处指拯救了很多人的生命，用life“生命”的复数形式lives。
7．句意：他只要求他们在山上种杏树。ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，动词asked后接宾语，指代被救治的人们，用代词they的宾格形式them。
8．句意：这就是为什么我们现在用“杏林春暖”来赞扬优秀的医生。空处引导表语从句，此处表语从句解释我们用“杏林春暖”称赞良医的原因，用why引导从句。
9．句意：1400年前，唐太宗李世民在长安的一座寺庙里亲自种植了一棵银杏树，现在这棵银杏树仍然健康生长。grow在此处为系动词，后接形容词作表语，此处指银杏树至今仍然很健康，长势良好，用形容词healthy“健康的”，符合语境。
10．句意：到目前为止，这座寺庙已经成为一个受游客欢迎的地方。此处指寺庙成为受游客欢迎的地点，将tour变为表示人的名词tourist，意为“游客”，且泛指众多游客，因此用复数形式tourists。
（25-26九年级上·湖北襄阳·阶段检测）阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词，每词仅用一次。
strong himself eat five especially remember for heavy feed kind
The Dragon Boat Festival, also called the Duanwu Festival, is celebrated on the 1 day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. People often eat zongzi and row dragon boats during the festival.
Thousands of years ago, people often threw rice into the Miluo River to 2 fishes so that they wouldn’t eat Qu Yuan on May 5th every year, because he threw 3 in the Miluo River. They thought he was still alive in the river. Now, in order to 4 the great man, people in China often make zongzi. They will make all 5 of zongzi during the Duanwu Festival. This kind of food is very delicious. That is why men and women, young and old like 6 zongzi very much.
The festival is also well known 7 its dragon boat races. During the festival, people often race dragon boats in many places, 8 in South China. There are many rivers and lakes. The dragon boat is about 50—100 feet long, 5 feet wide. And the boat is not very 9 . There are more than 20 10 men on the boat. They sit in the boat side by side. At the head of the boat, there is a big drum. The drummer plays the drum during the race.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了端午节的日期、起源传说、传统习俗（吃粽子、赛龙舟）以及龙舟的具体细节。
1．句意：端午节是在中国农历五月的第五天庆祝。根据常识可知，端午节在农历五月初五，表示日期的顺序应用序数词，且空格前“the”后面接序数词，应填fifth。
2．句意：几千年前，人们经常把米扔进汨罗江喂鱼。空格前为动词不定式符号“to”后接动词原形表目的，根据句意，此处描述的是端午节的起源传说，人们把米扔进汨罗江喂鱼，应填feed。
3．句意：因为他把自己投进了汨罗江。根据前文“they wouldn’t eat Qu Yuan on May 5th ”可知，此处主语“he”表示屈原，他把自己投入河中，此处需用反身代词，与宾语指代同一人，应填himself。
4．句意：现在，为了纪念这位伟人，中国人经常制作粽子。空格前“in order to”后接动词原形，表示目的。根据后文“people in China often make zongzi”可知，人们端午节做粽子是为了“纪念”屈原，应填remember。
5．句意：在端午节期间他们会制作各种各样的粽子。此处为all kinds of固定短语，意为“各种各样的”，应填kinds。
6．句意：这就是为什么男女老少都非常喜欢吃粽子。根据前文“This kind of food is very delicious.”可知，此处表示男女老少都喜欢吃粽子，eat符合语境；此处为like doing sth.固定短语，表示“喜欢做某事”。应填eating。
7．句意：这个节日也因龙舟赛而闻名。此处为be well known for固定搭配，意为“因……而闻名”，应填for。
8．句意：节日期间，人们经常在很多地方赛龙舟，尤其是在中国南方。此处修饰地点状语，表示强调，应用副词，应填especially。
9．句意：并且船不是很重。此处为“主语+be动词”后接形容词作表语的主系表结构，根据语境赛龙舟需要速度，船身不宜过重，heavy“重的”符合语境。
10．句意：船上有20多名强壮的男子。此处修饰名词“men”，需用形容词，表示划船的人需要“强壮”，应填strong。
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