Unit 2 Great people 第四课时 Grammar 课件2026-2027学年译林版英语九年级下册

Unit 2 Great people 第四课时 Grammar 动词短语 Phrasal verbs · small words, big meanings 译林九下 2027春 · 江苏译林版(新教材) Lead-in 三句话，找出共同点 复习导入 互动 1 2 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 三句话都来自钱学森的课文。先读句子，再抢答：红色部分有什么共同点？ 1 After going through many difficulties, he finally returned to China in 1955. 经历了重重困难之后，他终于在 1955 年回到中国。 2 Qian passed away in 2009, at the age of 98, but he will live on in the memory of Chinese people forever. 钱先生于 2009 年逝世，享年 98 岁，但他将永远活在中国人民的记忆中。 3 When Qian looked back on his life, he said he wanted to serve the people. 当钱先生回顾自己的一生时，他说自己想为人民服务。 共同点： 动词 + 小词 = 新意思 → Phrasal verbs 动词短语 (红色部分依次：go through / pass away / live on / look back on——都由动词加副词或介词构成) Learning objectives 学习目标 Objectives 教材 P26–28 3 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar By the end of this class, we will be able to — 1 tell what a phrasal verb is and what it is made up of 能说出什么是短语动词，以及它的三种构成方式 2 work out the meaning of a phrasal verb from the context 能借助语境推断短语动词的意思，而不是逐词硬猜 3 use phrasal verbs with the correct word order 能按语序规则正确使用短语动词：可分 / 不可分 / 代词位置 Overview 动词短语全景图 Overview 一图导览 4 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 今天的四站：先认识它，再猜懂它，然后正确地摆放它，最后成家族地记住它。 ① Form 构成 verb + preposition go through 经历 verb + adverb pass away 去世 verb + adverb + preposition look back on 回顾 ② Meaning 意义 意义 ≠ 部分相加 catch up with 赶上 go through = experience pass away = die live on = be remembered 靠语境推断 · 整条记忆 ③ 及物 or 不及物 Intransitive 不及物： take off 起飞 · show up 露面 Transitive 及物： learn about 了解 · turn to 求助于 划掉后面成分， 句子还完整吗？ ④ Word order 语序 可分：build up = build ... up 代词居中：bring it up 不可分：look into them 三词短语：look forward to 四条语序规则， 一条都不能错 Grammar A 什么是短语动词？三种构成 教材原句 规则 A 5 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar A phrasal verb is made up of a verb with an adverb, a preposition or both. 规则：短语动词由“动词 + 副词 / 介词 / 两者兼有”构成。三句话都出自钱学森的课文： Verb + preposition: After going through many difficulties, he finally returned to China in 1955. 译：动词 + 介词：经历了重重困难之后，他终于在 1955 年回到中国。 Verb + adverb: Qian passed away in 2009, at the age of 98, but he will live on in the memory of Chinese people forever. 译：动词 + 副词：钱先生 2009 年逝世，享年 98 岁，但他将永远活在人们的记忆中。 Verb + adverb + preposition: When Qian looked back on his life, he said he wanted to serve the people. 译：动词 + 副词 + 介词：当他回顾自己的一生时，他说想为人民服务。 小练 Yuan Longping passed away in 2021, but his spirit lives on. Grammar B 造短语动词的常用小词 教材 P26 规则 2 6 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Common words used to form phrasal verbs　(构成短语动词的常用小词) around at away down in off on out round up 同一个动词，配不同小词，意思大不同——以 take 家族为例： take off 起飞；脱下 The plane took off on time. take up 占用(时间、空间) The hobby takes up too much time. take in 吸收；理解 It takes time to take in new ideas. take on 呈现；承担 The city takes on a new look. 小练 —Mr Wu, may I have a word with you? —Sure. I won't take up too much of your time. Grammar C 意思不等于部分相加 教材 P26 规则 C 7 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Usually, the meaning of a phrasal verb is not obvious from the meanings of its individual parts. 规则：通常，短语动词的意思无法从各部分猜出。最好整条背下来，也可以借助上下文推断 He wanted to help China catch up with the rest of the world. 译：他想帮助中国赶上世界先进水平。(catch up with ＝ reach the same position as 赶上) After going through many difficulties, he finally returned to China in 1955. 译：经历重重困难后，他终于在 1955 年回到中国。(go through ＝ experience 经历) Qian passed away in 2009, but he will live on in the memory of Chinese people forever. 译：钱先生 2009 年去世，但他将永远活在人们的记忆中。(pass away ＝ die；live on ＝ be remembered) 小练 —What do you think of Yangzhou? —The whole city shows off its special style. Grammar D 及物还是不及物？ 教材 P26 规则 4 8 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Intransitive 不及物：后面不接宾语，句子自己完整； Transitive 及物：后面必须接宾语。判断法：划掉短语后面的成分，看句子是否完整。 ① 不及物(无宾语) China's space programmes took off at a very difficult time. 译：中国的航天事业起步于一个非常艰难的时期。 Tu Youyou showed up at an important meeting to share her research. 译：屠呦呦在一次重要会议上露面，分享她的研究。 ② 及物(必须接宾语) Qian learnt about space engineering from some of the world's best scientists. 译：钱学森师从世界上最优秀的科学家们，学习航天工程知识。 Tu's team turned to traditional Chinese medical texts to find a cure for malaria. 译：屠呦呦的团队转向中医药典籍，寻找治疗疟疾的方法。 小练 The scientist was too busy to _________ show up at the party—everyone was waiting for her. Grammar E 语序一：有些短语动词可分 教材 P27 规则 E 9 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar In terms of word order, some phrasal verbs are separable. 规则：“动词 + 副词”型短语动词，宾语可以插到动词与副词中间，两种说法都对： He returned to China to build up its knowledge of space engineering. 译：他回到中国，以积累国家的航天工程知识。(build up its knowledge) He returned to China to build its knowledge of space engineering up. 译：(= 上句：宾语 its knowledge 插到了 build 与 up 中间，意思不变) 再举例 turn off the light ＝ turn the light off(关灯)· put away the books ＝ put the books away(把书收好) 小练 Please put the old books away before you move the desk. Grammar F 语序二：宾语是代词，通常放中间 教材 P27 规则 F 10 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar When the object is a personal pronoun, it should usually be placed in the middle of the phrasal verb. 规则：宾语是人称代词(it / them / him…)时，通常必须插在动词与副词中间 One night he came up with a good idea. He brought it up at the meeting the next day. 译：一天晚上他想出一个好主意。第二天开会时他把它提了出来。(brought it up ✓，✗ brought up it) --Have you heard of the song? --Yes, I often look it up on the Internet. 译：--你听说过这首歌吗？--听过，我常在网上查它。(look it up ✓，✗ look up it) 记忆口诀：名词两边站可中间，代词一定站中间。 小练 The lights are on. Please turn them off before you leave. Grammar G 语序三：有些短语动词不能拆分 教材 P27 规则 G 11 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Some phrasal verbs cannot be separated, even if the object is a personal pronoun. 规则：“动词 + 介词”型短语动词不可分，即使宾语是代词也只能放在介词后面： Tu Youyou looked into traditional Chinese medical texts and found a cure for malaria. 译：屠呦呦研究了中医药典籍，找到了治疗疟疾的方法。(looked into them ✓) Tu Youyou looked into them and found a cure for malaria. 译：(✗ 不能说 look them into--介词永远紧跟着它的宾语) 教材提示：其他常见不可分短语动词--look after 照顾 · come across 偶遇 · walk out 走出 · talk about 谈论 小练 The police are looking into the case. (＝ They are looking into it .) Grammar H 语序四：三词短语同样不可拆 教材 P27 规则 8 12 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Some phrasal verbs contain three words. These kinds of phrasal verbs are also inseparable. 规则：“动词 + 副词 + 介词”三词短语动词也一律不可拆分。看教材的四句正误对比： When looking back on his life, Qian said he only wanted to serve the people. ✓ 回顾自己的一生时，钱先生说只想为人民服务。(✓ 三词短语整体使用) When looking back his life on, Qian said he only wanted to serve the people. ✗ (✗ 把 on 挪到句尾，拆开就错) I am really looking forward to reading this book about Qian's life. ✓ 我真的很期待读这本关于钱学森生平的书。(✓ 注意 to 是介词，后接 doing) I am really looking forward reading this book about Qian's life to. ✗ (✗ 同样不能拆) 再举例 同族三词短语：get along with 与……相处 · run out of 用完 · catch up with 赶上 · come up with 想出 小练 Work harder, and you will catch up with the top students in your class soon. 教材 A 五个短语动词，选正确含义 教材 P27 互动 2 13 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Daniel 正在读关于屠呦呦的句子。为每个短语动词选出正确含义——先说答案，再点击核对。 1 She set out for Hainan to study malaria. When she arrived, she realized many people were suffering from the disease. (arrived / left / began) 1 left set out 出发、动身(set out for + 地点) 2 She worked in Hainan for some time and had to leave her young children at home. She asked her mother to care for them. (search for / look after / get along with) 2 look after care for 照顾 ＝ look after 3 She kept on working for many years to find a cure for malaria. (caught on / continued / came to) 3 continued keep on 继续(做某事) 4 Tu Youyou came across a possible cure for malaria when reading traditional Chinese medical texts. (found / walked past / came by) 4 found come across 偶然遇到、偶然发现 5 She worked out how to use qinghaosu to treat malaria. (discovered / solved / studied) 5 discovered work out 想出、弄明白(怎么用青蒿素) 教材 A · Quick check 中文抢答英文 快检 互动 3 14 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 五个短语，一个一个过关。 1 出发，动身(set out for + 地点) → set out 2 照顾，照料(＝ look after) → care for 3 继续(后接 doing) → keep on 4 偶然遇到；偶然发现 → come across 5 想出；弄明白；解出(难题) → work out 教材 B-1 短语动词配释义 教材 P28 互动 4 15 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Mr Wu 让每位学生写一位伟人。Daniel 和 Amy 商量写谁。先把左边的短语动词和右边的释义配对——点击逐一核对。 1 calm down 2 hand in 3 let sb down 4 look up 5 put off 6 think of a look for information b become quiet and more relaxed c create something in your mind d give a piece of work to a teacher e change something to a later time f fail to do something as expected 教材 B-2 补全对话 教材 P28 互动 5 16 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 用上面短语动词的正确形式补全 Daniel 和 Amy 的对话——整段先读一遍，再逐空点击。 Amy: I'm thinking of writing about Wang Ganchang for my homework. Daniel: Have you looked up any information about the scientist online? Amy: Yes, but there's so much information that I don't know where to start. I keep putting it off . Daniel: We don't have much time. We have to hand in the homework by this Friday. Amy: I know! I'm starting to get really worried! Daniel: Calm down . I'll help you. Amy: That would be great. I'm sure I can think of something interesting to write with your help. Daniel: Yes, you can! Don't worry. I won't let you down . Amy: Thanks, Daniel. You're so kind. 教材 C 补全 Daniel 的短文 教材 P28 互动 6 17 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar Daniel 正在做作业——一篇关于“两弹一星”元勋王淦昌的短文。补全空格(可查词典)。 A man walked to the front of a school with a sheep. He tied ①______ the sheep nearby. He went ②______ to do an experiment, and after finishing it, he set ③ ______home with the sheep. This happened in the 1940s, and the man was Wang Ganchang. By working while raising sheep like this every day, he got ④________ that difficult period. Wang Ganchang was one of the founding fathers of nuclear physics in China. He once spent 17 years researching nuclear weapons, but didn't tell anyone about his work. He took part in thousands of experiments and made a great contribution to the country. Wang passed ⑤______ in 1998, at the age of 91. When we look back ⑥______ Wang's life, we can see that he was a smart, hard-working man who had a deep love for our country. ① up tie up 拴住(羊拴在附近) ② on go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事 ③ off set off home 动身回家 ④ through get through 度过(艰难时期) ⑤ away pass away 去世(1998 年，享年 91 岁) ⑥ on look back on 回顾一生 up on off through away on Practice 1 方框选词填空(1–5) 限时 4 分钟 练 1 18 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 方框里有 6 个词(短语)，其中 1 个多余。先通读句子再选词，注意形式变化。 build up look back on catch up with physics show up contribution 1. Looking back on this experience, I know how important it is to be prepared for natural disasters. 2. Learning about the history and culture of our country can build up our sense of pride. 3. She found it hard to catch up with the other classmates because they worked hard as well. 4. The teacher explained the physics problems clearly by doing some experiments. 5. I was very amazed when my best friend showed up at my door with a birthday cake. 提示：多余的是 contribution(名词，贡献)——其余五条都是本课短语动词。 Practice · 单项选择 (6–9) 你来解 练 2 19 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 先读题、选答案，举手报 A / B / C / D，说说为什么； 6. Mr Wu, may I have a word with you? I won't ________ too much of your time. A. take off　　B. take on　　C. take up　　D. take in C take up 占用(时间、空间) 7. Our school has ________ many plans to help students experience the joy of reading. A. turned out　　B. broke out　　C. carried out　　D. ran out C carry out 执行、实施 8. —More schools care about students' all-round development now. —Right. They ________ more after-school clubs and sports activities. A. push in　　B. push away　　C. push past　　D. push for D push for 推动、争取 9. —What do you think of Yangzhou's natural landscapes? —With ancient bridges and blooming flowers everywhere, the whole city ________ its special style. A. takes off　　B. turns off　　C. shows off　　D. gets off C show off 展示、彰显 Practice · 单项选择 (10–13) 你来解 练 3 20 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 10. From ________ the stars to building a “Sky Net” above the Earth, China's space dream is becoming reality step by step. A. putting out　　B. putting up　　C. looking down upon　　D. looking up at D look up at 仰望 11. Mike ________ an excuse about helping his mother clean the house to avoid going to the party he didn't want to attend. A. made up　　B. gave up　　C. showed up　　D. put up A make up 编造(借口) 12. I thought it was too difficult at first, but after I attended a workshop, it ________ to be much easier. A. looked out　　B. came out　　C. found out　　D. turned out D turn out to be 结果是 13. —The air is much fresher in our city than before. —That's true. Everyone is ________ the importance of protecting the environment. A. coming up with　　 B. getting along with　　 C. looking forward to　　 D. becoming aware of D become aware of 意识到 Practice · 单项选择 (14–16) 你来解 练 4 21 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 14. —Why did you call Lily “the girl with long hair” just now? —Because I couldn't ________ her name at that moment. A. think of　　B. write down　　C. spell out　　D. type in A think of 想起、记起 15. —Helen, ________ the lights when you leave the room. —OK, Mr Smith. I got it. A. turn on　　B. turn off　　C. turn up　　D. turn down B turn off 关掉 16. If we meet problems, we can ________ the reasons and solve them wisely. A. leave out　　B. make up　　C. turn down　　D. look into D look into 调查、研究 Practice · 单项选择 (17–19) 你来解 练 5 22 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 17. In the 2026 Spring Festival Gala, the performers ________ a wonderful show that perfectly mixed AI technology with traditional Chinese culture. A. put off　　B. put out　　C. put away　　D. put on D put on 上演、表演 18. —What do you ________ your experience of living in China? —There is always something new. 20 years on, China still surprises me. A. think over　　B. think of　　C. think back　　D. think out B think of 觉得(固定句式) 19. Zhurong, China's first Mars rover(火星车), has ________ a new age of exploring planets for humans. A. given up　　B. made up　　C. turned up　　D. opened up D open up 开启、开辟 Practice · 完成句子 (20–23) 同桌互译 练 6 23 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 一人读中文，另一人说英文；再点击逐空核对。注意代词的位置！ 20. 你的模型卫星放得到处都是。把它们收好。 Your model satellites are everywhere. Put them away . 21. 所有科研人员都期待工作中的新突破。 All researchers look forward to new breakthroughs in their work. 22. 如果你更加努力，你很快就能追上顶尖研究员。 If you work harder, you will catch up with the top researchers soon. 23. 他时常回想多年前经历的艰难岁月。 He often looks back on the hard days he went through years ago. Practice · 完成句子 (24–26) 同桌互译 练 7 24 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 一人读中文，另一人说英文；再点击逐空核对。注意代词的位置！ 24. 我们的未来不靠运气，而靠日复一日的努力。 Our future does not depend on luck but on our daily hard work. 25. —小组遇到困难时你会怎么做？—我会尽力想出新点子帮助团队。 —What can you do when your group has trouble? —I will try to come up with new ideas to help the team. 26. 如果我们浪费水，我们会用光地球上干净的水。 If we waste water, we will finally run out of clean water on earth. Test 当堂检测 限时 5 分钟 练 9 26 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 六小题，全部出自今天的语序规则——合上课本，独立完成； 1. The plane is flying into the sky. It will take off in five minutes.(起飞) 2. I don't know the word. I want to look it up in the dictionary.(代词放中间) 3. Nurses look after sick people in the hospital.(照顾) 4. I'm looking forward to hearing (hear) from you soon.(三词短语 + doing) 5. He came across an old friend on his way home yesterday.(偶遇) 6. Please turn them off . The lights are too bright.(代词放中间) 全对的同学请举手——今天的语序规则你已经拿下！ Word families 成家族地记短语 词族记忆 拓展 27 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 一个动词 + 不同小词 = 一个家族。四个最常见的家族，每个成员都配中文——早读就按家族背！ look 家族 look after 照顾 look for 寻找 look up 查阅；抬头看 look into 调查 look forward to 期待 look back on 回顾 turn 家族 turn on / off 打开 / 关掉 turn up / down 调大 / 调小 turn out 结果是 turn to 转向；求助于 turn into 变成 turn around 转身 put 家族 put on 穿上；上演 put off 推迟 put up 张贴；搭建 put away 收好 put out 扑灭 put into 输入；把……译成 come 家族 come up with 想出 come across 偶遇 come out 出版；出来 come from 来自 come on 加油；快点 come true 实现 Homework 分层作业 Homework 必做 + 选做 29 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 必做 背默教材 P26–28 的短语动词：三种构成 + 四条语序规则，各配 2 个例句。 选做 用今天学的 5 个短语动词，写一段 80 词左右的短文， 介绍你最敬佩的一位 great person，下节课开课分享。 下节课预告：Integration —— 听说读写大综合 Small words, big meanings. 小词大用，积少成多。 29 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · Grammar 申明：以下内容为语法总结，请选择性使用 什么是短语动词？ 总览 语法归纳 · 构成 2 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 动词后面跟一个小词，意思就变了——短语动词常见的构成方式有三种。 动词 + 副词 verb + adverb give up 放弃 cut down 砍伐 动词 + 介词 verb + preposition look at 看 work on 研究 动词 + 副词 + 介词 verb + adverb + preposition look forward to 期待 get along with 相处 关键问题只有一个：宾语放哪儿？—— 接下来的每一页都在回答它。 一张图总结 · 短语动词 Mind map 思维导图 3 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 构成 → 宾语位置 → 注意 → 意义， 短语动词 Phrasal Verbs ① 构成 · 三式 动词 + 副词(give up) 动词 + 介词(look at) 动词 + 副词 + 介词 (look forward to) ② 宾语放哪？ 名词宾语：中间 / 副词后皆可 代词宾语：必须放中间 动+介：宾语一律在介词后 动+副+介：宾语在末尾介词后 ③ 注意 有的短语既可接宾语， 也可不接：give up ④ 意义怎么记？ 看副词：up 向上·彻底 看介词：look at / into / for 口诀：名词两边放， 代词中间站，介词后面跟。 分支① 动词 + 副词(及物) 分支详解 vt + 副词 · 可接宾语 4 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 及物动词 + 副词 → 可接宾语 规则 · Rules 规则 ① 宾语是名词：放「动词和副词中间」或「副词后面」都可以。 规则 ② 宾语是代词：只能放动词和副词中间，不能放副词后面。 例句 · Examples cut down forests = cut forests down ✓✓ 名词宾语：两种位置都对 cut down them ✗ → cut them down ✓ 代词宾语：只能站中间 分支② 动词 + 副词(不及物) 分支详解 vi + 副词 · 不接宾语 5 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 不及物动词 + 副词 → 不能接宾语 规则 · Rules 规则 短语本身语义完整， 后面不加名词 / 代词作宾语。 判断法 副词只是补充说明动作， 去掉宾语句子照样完整。 例句 · Examples Never give up, and you'll succeed. 绝不放弃，最终你会成功的。 How soon will the plane take off? 飞机多久才起飞？ 常见此类：give up 放弃 · take off 起飞 · come on 加油 · look out 当心 分支③ 动词 + 介词 分支详解 v + 介词 · 宾语在介词后 6 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 动词 + 介词 → 介词后必须接宾语 规则 · Rules 规则 无论宾语是名词还是代词，一律放在介词后面，不可放在动词与介词中间。 为什么 介词必须有「对象」——宾语就是介词的对象。 例句 · Examples How long has Tom worked on this Physics problem? 汤姆研究这道物理题多久了？ Tom is still working on it. ✓(✗ working it on) 代词宾语也要放介词后面 常见此类：look at 看 · listen to 听 · wait for 等待 · work on 研究 分支④ 动词 + 副词 + 介词 分支详解 v + 副词 + 介词 · 宾语在末尾 7 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 整体作及物短语 → 宾语放末尾介词之后 规则 · Rules 规则 动词+副词+介词整体作及物短语，宾语放在末尾介词之后。 结构 动词 + 副词 + 介词 + 宾语，三段式不能拆。 例句 · Examples My friends and I always get along with each other. 我和我的朋友们总是相处融洽。 I'm looking forward to your reply. 我期待你的回复。 常见此类：look forward to 期待 · get along with 相处 · keep up with 跟上 · run out of 用完 注意 · 可接可不接宾语 易漏点 语法归纳 · 注意 8 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 想一想：give up 后面到底能不能接宾语？—— 都可以，看你想不想说「放弃了什么」。 不接宾语 She does not give up easily. 她不轻易放弃。—— 副词 easily 说明方式，语义已完整 接宾语 Li Shizhen never gave up looking for new herbal medicines. 李时珍从未放弃寻找新的草药。—— 接动名词短语作宾语 判断方法：看后面有没有宾语、语义是否完整——这类短语还有 try out(试验)、show off(炫耀)等。 意义怎么记？看小词的方向感 记忆法 语法归纳 · 词义 9 译林九下 · Unit 2 Great people · 语法总结 短语动词的意义可结合动词、副词、介词来理解——副词管「方向」，介词管「对象」。 动词 + 副词：看副词 up 含义 对应短语与释义 向上 get up / catch up / turn up 起床 / 赶上 / 调高 彻底、完全 eat up / use up / clean up 吃光 / 用光 / 打扫干净 up 自带「向上→由低到高→做彻底」的方向感。 动词 + 介词：看介词 look at at 朝向 → 看…… look into into 进入内部 → 调查；审查 look for for 为了得到 → 寻找…… 记短语 = 动词意思 + 小词的方向感，不必死记硬背。 $