精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年第一学期高二年级英语学科9月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it. The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system ___1___ or through their suppliers. That is ___2___ the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply ___3___ (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020 ___4___ forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosmetics, and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse or recycle the items. The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK ___5___ (take) has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. In the past year alone, sales of consumer goods from brands with a demonstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally, ___6___those without grew less than 1%. What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be ___7___ (good) invested in things like social care or parks or libraries. Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste. So far, Sweden’s anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash. The ___8___ (recycle) rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste. In many countries, kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste. This type of waste, ___9___ collected separately, can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer. ____10____ the differences in policies and regulations, one thing is clear: governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be based on concrete principles and solid actions. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. inclusion B. significant C. exclude D. implement E. saving F. house G. confirmed H. interconnected I. desirability J. ambitious K. concentrating Plans revealed for high-tech “10-minute city” in Seoul The idea of a “15-minute city”, in which residents can all reach work and leisure facilities within a quarter-hour walk — or cycle — of their homes, has gained ____11____ attention among urban planners during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now, a group of architects is planning an even more ____12____ neighborhood in South Korea’s capital, Seoul: a 10-minute city. Named “Project H1”, the development is set to transform an old industrial site into a(n) ____13____ “smart” city. Combining eight residential buildings with co-working offices and study spaces, the 125-acre district is also set to ____14____ entertainment sites, fitness centers, swimming pools and even urban farms. Designed by Dutch architecture firm UNStudio and backed by a real estate firm, the neighborhood will also be completely car-free. A press release for the project claimed that “all the conveniences of the city” will be within a 10-minute walk of people’s homes. In a statement, UNStudio co-founder Ben van Berkel said that residents’ “daily life experience” is the project’s “top priority”. “We do this through the ____15____ of a rich density of uplifting, on-site experiences that provide an extensive range of options for how they can spend their living, working and leisure time, thereby also ____16____ them the time needed to travel elsewhere in the city,” he is quoted as saying. A spokesperson for UNStudio ____17____ that project has been green-lit but did not reveal when it is likely to break ground. The architects also said that clean energy will be produced on site, while systems to capture and store rain are being designed to reduce water use. Critics have suggested that the concept could cause urban renewal by further ____18____ wealth in the most accessible and convenient districts. The ____19____ of “15-minute” neighborhoods may, in turn, result in home prices that ______20______ low-income and marginalized communities. But the Covid-19 pandemic has seen growing interest in the concept. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery. But ____21____ often plays out in delicate ways and it’s easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck. These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset, downplaying the power of chances. Consider the history of the Mona Lisa. After having staved in the ____22____ for most of its early existence, the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre. The famous theft remained ____23____ for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting. His arrest caused a second wave of ____24____, with the painting on everyone’s lips. As in the art world, it is so too in the world of work. Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones. Inevitably, some of those ____25____ steps can be influenced by chance factors, which, as a result, are sure to affect the following process. So it is reasonable to conclude that ____26____ all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck. One’s date of birth ____27____, for example. According to a study, most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class, which explains why they are less likely to hold ____28____ positions during high school and thus, less likely to land good jobs later in life. To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of ____29____. Charlie Munger has said. “The safest way to get what you want is to _____30_____ what you want.” Of course, luck counts too. Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has _____31_____. The human tendency to _____32_____ luck’s role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education, the strong system of which can produce _____33_____ for the next generation. Luckily, there is a solution. Guiding people to _____34_____ their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the _____35_____, according to a study. So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck. In the process, the next generation’s odds of success may well increase and meanwhile, all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service. 21. A. randomness B. potential C. masterpiece D. success 22. A. emergency- B. maintenance C. review D. shade 23. A. accidental B. unsolved C. official D. objective 24. A. protest B. suspicion C. publicity D. investigation 25. A. previous B. negative C. realistic D. entire 26. A. virtually B. sustainably C. adequately D. negatively 27. A. occurs B. contracts C. matters D. approaches 28. A. accessible B. original C. superior D. secure 29. A. effort B. logic C. relationship D. investment 30. A. deserve B. evaluate C. modify D. exploit 31. A. shone B. shrunk C. ballooned D. flown 32. A. preserve B. popularize C. underestimate D. revolutionize 33. A. challenge B. luck C. motivation D. experience 34. A. reflect on B. save on C. adjust to D. live on 35. A. mutual understanding B. mental fitness C. family value D. common good Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news. They are institutions at the heart of British society. After all, the word ‘pub’ is actually short for ‘public house’. As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites. that tourists visit. One of the most famous examples is the city of Nottingham called “The Old Trip to Jerusalem”, which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England. It was the same year in which kings Richard the first came into power, who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem. Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn’t mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcome people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price. That’s how things used to be. but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental financial measures, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then. This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allow by law to stay open after 11 pm. Previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of drinking is known as “binge drinking”, and it causes long-term health problems individuals and problems with violent crime for communities. The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of king too much. 36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world. B. British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life. C. Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans. D. Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban. 37. Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11 pm? A. To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks. B. To help British pubs survive economic downturns. C. To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs. D. To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain. 38. The term “binge drinking” in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe A. drinking too much and too quickly B. social problems related to British pubs C. a new long-term drinking approach D. problems caused by drinking too much 39. What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage? A. Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs. B. Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking. C. The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs. D. Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones. （B） Darius (runner) I’ve always been sporty, but I was best at football and athletics. When I was 14, I had a trial for a professional football club, but eventually I chose to go down the athletics route instead. My biggest moment came when I got to compete for my country in the youth team and got a medal. It didn’t result in much media attention, though. I’d been hoping some sponsorship would come out of it, because the training doesn’t come cheap. I train at home all winter and then go away for three weeks before the season starts. You’ve got to be really disciplined, though. If friends ask me to go out the night before training, I have to say no. I wish I didn’t, but dedication pays in this sport. The main goal for me is to get to the next Olympics—that would be fantastic. Gabriel (surfer) The surfing community is small, so you get to meet the same guys wherever you compete. Professional surfers are very serious and often the best waves are at dawn, so if you’re really going to get anywhere, you have to cut out late-night parties altogether. I don’t mind that so much, but I do love having a lie-in, and I usually have to give that up too. But it’s worth it because without that kind of dedication I might not have won the National Championships last year. And, of course, the sacrifices are worth it in the long run because winning that championship meant I got picked to present a surfing series on TV. I guess I’m a bit of a star now. Dieter (yacht (帆船) racer) With five people on a boat together, you have a good laugh. We’re very traditional and we always celebrate a win in great style. If it has been said that we act a bit childishly when we’re out, but we don’t actively go looking for media coverage. Sometimes the reporters actually seem more concerned about where you go out celebrating and what you get up to there than about where you came in the race. I’m away for eight months of the year, so if it is great to get back, go out with my mates from other walks of life and do the things they do. I’m known within the world of sailing, but fortunately I can count the number of times I’ve been recognised in the street on the fingers of one hand, I’d hate to become a star. Tomas (tennis player) It’s always a great thing to walk on court and feel that the crowd’s behind you. At the last competition, though, it all got a bit crazy with people crowding around. Despite that, I have to admit that I do still get excited if spotted by fans when I’m out shopping or something. It has its downside though. Tennis players have to travel quite a lot, and in the end that’s why my last girlfriend and I split up, I guess. That was hard, but you’ve got to make sacrifices in any sport; you’ve got to be serious and professional. Actually, it doesn’t really bother me too much. I’m satisfied to concentrate on my game now and catch up on the other things in life once I retired, because, after all, that comes pretty early in this sport. 40. Both Darius and Gabriel think that ________ plays an important role in being a professional athlete. A. relaxation B. talent C. media attention D. self-discipline 41. Which of the following athletes says he/ she doesn’t enjoy media attention? A. Darius B. Gabriel C. Dieter D. Tomas 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Dieter isn’t that popular in the world of sailing. B. Gabriel won last year’s National Championship. C. Darius had been a professional footballer for several years. D. Tomas doesn’t like his personal life being affected by his career. （C） Wild-animal reintroduction programs aim to set animals bred in zoos back into their natural wild habitat. These projects sound attractive, yet many of them end up with low success rates. Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. One obvious factor is the condition of the target wild habitat. If the original environment has been severely destroyed or polluted, releasing animals there makes little sense. Even if the habitat is physically intact, we need to make sure there is enough food and suitable shelter for the released animals. Another vital factor is the animals’ skill of survival. Animals raised inside zoos lose many essential wild skills. They may not know how to hunt, avoid natural enemies or search for safe shelters. Therefore, prerelease training programmes are very important. Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. Without such training, most released animals cannot survive long in the wild. Human behaviour also plays a big role. Illegal hunting, poaching and human-animal conflict can wipe out the reintroduced population. Local public education is essential. Residents living nearby should be informed of the significance of this wildlife project, and taught how to coexist peacefully with wild animals. Strict antipoaching measures must also be carried out. Reintroduction is not simply “opening the cage door and letting animals go”. It is complex systematic work. Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. 43. Why do many animal reintroduction projects fail? A. Zoo animals refuse to leave zoos. B. Multiple key factors are not well-prepared. C. Local residents dislike these wild animals. D. There are too many natural enemies in the wild. 44. What is prerelease training intended for? A. To help animals get used to human beings. B. To check animals’ physical health condition. C. To teach zoo-raised animals necessary survival skills. D. To increase the number of zoo-bred animals. 45. Which of the following measure belongs to human factor preparation? A. Restoring food resources inside the habitat. B. Training animals to escape from predators. C. Repairing damaged wild environment. D. Carrying out antipoaching laws strictly. 46. What is the main idea of this article? A. Zoo-bred animals are not fit for wild life. B. Wild-animal reintroduction is impractical. C. Successful animal reintroduction requires multiple conditions. D. Human activities are the biggest threat to wild animals. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Internet’s Largest Encyclopaedia (百科全书) Being the founder of the Internet’s largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of strange emails. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who’ve just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. ____47____Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on and add to it or edit it. And they do. Academics are upset. ____48____ An Encyclopaedia Britannica editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don’t know who used it last. Loyal users claim that cooperation improves articles over time. But what exactly is a wiki and how does it work? Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free.____49____Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. And the name? Believe it or not, the name came about because the inventor of the wiki had his honeymoon in Hawaii, where you catch the ‘wiki wiki’ (quick) bus from the airport. Anyway, years ago, Jimmy Wales was looking for a way to combine his two major hobbies: ‘reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica and surfing the Internet. I met all these great people online,’ he says, ‘and we were all discussing things on mailing lists no one ever looks at. I thought, why not build something long-lasting, more fun and entertaining?’ Ah, fun. ____50____Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was ‘fun and cool’. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia’s growth? Simply amazing. A. It has 1.5 million entries in seventy-six languages — and counting. B. The wide-open nature of the Internet encourages people to disregard the importance of professionalism. C. They know you could confirm anything you like by adding it yourself. D. You then use them to set up a website that can be edited by anyone you like. E. ‘Oh,’ they write, ‘you’ve got a major security issue.’ F. Spend enough time talking to Wales and you’ll believe his life has been one long series of laughter. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Leave your plastic wrapping at the tills, urges BBC presenter A television wildlife presenter takes all the plastic off her shopping and leaves it at supermarket tills (收银台) to highlight the overuse of packaging. Liz Bonnin, a biologist who presented the BBC One documentary Drowning in Plastic, makes a point of leaving the packaging behind every time she shops so that retailers (零售店) are full of plastic bags and encouraged to change how they pack products. She has also given up using plastic products and will only drink coffee if it is in a reusable cup. In an interview with Saga magazine, Bonnin, 44, said that if people changed their habits, they could force retailers to change their ways. “Supermarkets are obliged to take plastic wrapping from customers,” she said, “If retailers get covered with all our plastic packaging, they will implement change. We have to change our habits; I will never again buy water in a plastic bottle.” Britain’s supermarkets produce more than 59 billion pieces of plastic packaging a year, a Greenpeace report found. Bonnin said that most plastics found in the ocean are ingested by species and enter our food chain. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the impact this has on humans. Bonnin started her career at the Irish broadcaster RTE before presenting science and natural history programmes for the BBC, including Big Blue Live and Bang Goes the Theory. “I wish I could be presenting nothing but beautiful programmes about animals, but instead I’m presenting hard-hitting environmental films,” she said. “We have no more time.” People’s focus on “financial gain and economic growth” has pushed us into an unsustainable society, she believes. She said, “The three biggest environmental threats are plastic pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. They are all interconnected and share the same root cause: our appetite for consumption.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 要记住，没有失败我们也不会成长。(without)（汉译英） 53. 你越是善于反思自己的行为，就越有可能突破自我。(reflect) （汉译英） 54. 一看到这张照片，我想起了去年夏令营时的点点滴滴。(sight) （汉译英） 55. 一旦找出了让你感到恼火的问题，你就会更明白谁能够解决问题。(make…right) （汉译英） V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Carol的邮件。在邮件中，她提到在学习三年中文后，她想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合她阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1)你推荐的小说名字及该小说的主要内容； 2)你推荐该小说的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it. The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system ___1___ or through their suppliers. That is ___2___ the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply ___3___ (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020 ___4___ forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosmetics, and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse or recycle the items. The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK ___5___ (take) has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. In the past year alone, sales of consumer goods from brands with a demonstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally, ___6___those without grew less than 1%. What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be ___7___ (good) invested in things like social care or parks or libraries. Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste. So far, Sweden’s anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash. The ___8___ (recycle) rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste. In many countries, kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste. This type of waste, ___9___ collected separately, can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer. ____10____ the differences in policies and regulations, one thing is clear: governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be based on concrete principles and solid actions. 【答案】1. themselves 2. what 3. stated 4. that##which 5. is taking##takes##has taken 6. while 7. better 8. recycling 9. when##if 10. Regardless of 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了英国政府有一项减少垃圾的计划，将处理垃圾的责任从国家转移到制造垃圾的公司，同时介绍了其它国家在处理垃圾方面采取的措施和成效。 【1题详解】 考查代词。句意：该法案要求废物生产者自己或通过其供应商进入这个系统支付费用。根据上文“for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it”可知，法案要求废物生产者自己为废物生产付费。由上文的producers可知用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。 【2题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是政府所说的“污染者支付”。分析句子可知，is是系动词，后接表语从句，call后接双宾语，从句缺少宾语，故用连词what，表示“……的（东西）”，根据句意，故填what。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：简单地说，污染者支付原则意味着，与污染有关的费用应由污染者支付，而不是由政府或社会支付。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词是implies，state用非谓语动词形式作状语，state与逻辑主语the Polluter Pays Principle 是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填stated。 【4题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这类似于2020年2月在法国通过的反废物立法，禁止生产商销毁未售出的服装、化妆品和电子产品。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰the anti-waste legislation ，从句中缺少主语，先行词指物，故用关系代词that或者which，故填that / which。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据《积极新闻》报道，像英国采取的强硬态度一样，要求立法的呼声越来越高。分析句子可知，“the UK ___5___ (take)”是定语从句，修饰attitude，根据上文内容可知，“take”这一动词是现在的动作，可以用一般现在时，动作仍旧在进行，可以使用现在进行时，也可以表示现在的结果用现在完成时，主语the UK是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数，故填is taking / takes / has taken。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：仅在过去一年，在全球范围内，那些已证明致力于可持续发展的品牌的消费品销售额增长超过4%，而那些没有实现可持续发展的品牌的销售额增长不到1%。根据句意，前后文表示对比，用连词while表示对比。故填while。 【7题详解】 考查比较级。句意：这些资金可以更好地投资于社会福利、公园或图书馆等领域。修饰动词invested用副词well作状语，根据上下文可知，此处表示“更好地投资与其他领域”，用比较级，故填better。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：回收率几乎达到99%，他们正在迅速接近零废物。分析句子可知，空处修饰rate作定语，recycle与rate是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，recycling rate“回收率；再循环率”。故填recycling。 【9题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：这种类型的废物，当（如果）分开收集时，可以转化为能源或肥料。分析句子可知，此处填连词，是状语从句的省略，省略了主语This type of waste和is，根据句意，用when引导时间状语从句，或者if引导条件状语从句，故填when / if。 【10题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：尽管政策和法规的不同，有一点是明确的：各国政府都有一个共同的概念，即防止环境破坏应该基于具体的原则和坚实的行动。根据句意，regardless of“不管；不顾”符合句意，故填Regardless of。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. inclusion B. significant C. exclude D. implement E. saving F. house G. confirmed H. interconnected I. desirability J. ambitious K. concentrating Plans revealed for high-tech “10-minute city” in Seoul The idea of a “15-minute city”, in which residents can all reach work and leisure facilities within a quarter-hour walk — or cycle — of their homes, has gained ____11____ attention among urban planners during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now, a group of architects is planning an even more ____12____ neighborhood in South Korea’s capital, Seoul: a 10-minute city. Named “Project H1”, the development is set to transform an old industrial site into a(n) ____13____ “smart” city. Combining eight residential buildings with co-working offices and study spaces, the 125-acre district is also set to ____14____ entertainment sites, fitness centers, swimming pools and even urban farms. Designed by Dutch architecture firm UNStudio and backed by a real estate firm, the neighborhood will also be completely car-free. A press release for the project claimed that “all the conveniences of the city” will be within a 10-minute walk of people’s homes. In a statement, UNStudio co-founder Ben van Berkel said that residents’ “daily life experience” is the project’s “top priority”. “We do this through the ____15____ of a rich density of uplifting, on-site experiences that provide an extensive range of options for how they can spend their living, working and leisure time, thereby also ____16____ them the time needed to travel elsewhere in the city,” he is quoted as saying. A spokesperson for UNStudio ____17____ that project has been green-lit but did not reveal when it is likely to break ground. The architects also said that clean energy will be produced on site, while systems to capture and store rain are being designed to reduce water use. Critics have suggested that the concept could cause urban renewal by further ____18____ wealth in the most accessible and convenient districts. The ____19____ of “15-minute” neighborhoods may, in turn, result in home prices that ______20______ low-income and marginalized communities. But the Covid-19 pandemic has seen growing interest in the concept. 【答案】11. B 12. J 13. H 14. F 15. A 16. E 17. G 18. K 19. I 20. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了首尔推出高科技“十分钟城市”计划。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，“15分钟城市”的概念得到了城市规划者的高度重视，在“15分钟城市”中，所有居民都可以在离家1 / 4小时的步行或骑行时间内到达工作和休闲场所。修饰名词attention，前用形容词形式作定语。形容词significant为“重要的”之意。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：现在，一群建筑师正在韩国首都首尔规划一个更具雄心的社区：一个10分钟车程的城市。修饰名词neighborhood，前用形容词形式作定语。形容词ambitious为“雄心的”之意。故选J。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：该项目名为“H1项目”，旨在将一个老工业基地转变为一个互联的“智能”城市。修饰名词city，前用形容词形式作定语。形容词interconnected为“相互连接的”之意。故选H。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：这片125英亩的区域由8栋住宅楼、联合办公办公室和学习空间组成，还设有娱乐场所、健身中心、游泳池甚至城市农场。动词不定式to后接动词原形。动词house为“容纳，安置”之意。故选F。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：他说：“我们通过丰富的高密度现场体验来做到这一点，为他们如何度过他们的生活、工作和休闲时间提供了广泛的选择，从而也节省了他们在城市其他地方旅行所需的时间。”the +名词+ of +名词，名词所有格。名词inclusion为“包含”之意。故选A。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他说：“我们通过丰富的高密度现场体验来做到这一点，为他们如何度过他们的生活、工作和休闲时间提供了广泛的选择，从而也节省了他们在城市其他地方旅行所需的时间。”动词save为“节省”之意，与逻辑主语We之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选E。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：UNStudio的一名发言人证实，该项目已经获得批准，但没有透露动工时间。主句缺少谓语动词，根据连词but后面的句子时态可知，用一般过去时。动词confirm为“证实”之意，用过去式confirmed。故选G。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：批评人士认为，这一概念可能会导致城市更新，因为它会将财富进一步集中在交通最便利的地区。介词by后接动名词形式。动词concentrate为“专心；集中”之意。故选K。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：“15分钟”社区的有利条件可能反过来导致房价将低收入和边缘化社区排除在外。the +名词+ of +名词，名词所有格。名词desirability为“有利条件”之意。故选I。 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：“15分钟”社区的有利条件可能反过来导致房价将低收入和边缘化社区排除在外。定语从句缺乏谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。句中先行词为home prices，在定语从句中作主语，所以谓语动词用复数形式。动词exclude为“排除”之意。故选C。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery. But ____21____ often plays out in delicate ways and it’s easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck. These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset, downplaying the power of chances. Consider the history of the Mona Lisa. After having staved in the ____22____ for most of its early existence, the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre. The famous theft remained ____23____ for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting. His arrest caused a second wave of ____24____, with the painting on everyone’s lips. As in the art world, it is so too in the world of work. Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones. Inevitably, some of those ____25____ steps can be influenced by chance factors, which, as a result, are sure to affect the following process. So it is reasonable to conclude that ____26____ all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck. One’s date of birth ____27____, for example. According to a study, most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class, which explains why they are less likely to hold ____28____ positions during high school and thus, less likely to land good jobs later in life. To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of ____29____. Charlie Munger has said. “The safest way to get what you want is to _____30_____ what you want.” Of course, luck counts too. Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has _____31_____. The human tendency to _____32_____ luck’s role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education, the strong system of which can produce _____33_____ for the next generation. Luckily, there is a solution. Guiding people to _____34_____ their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the _____35_____, according to a study. So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck. In the process, the next generation’s odds of success may well increase and meanwhile, all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service. 21. A. randomness B. potential C. masterpiece D. success 22. A. emergency- B. maintenance C. review D. shade 23. A. accidental B. unsolved C. official D. objective 24. A. protest B. suspicion C. publicity D. investigation 25. A. previous B. negative C. realistic D. entire 26. A. virtually B. sustainably C. adequately D. negatively 27. A. occurs B. contracts C. matters D. approaches 28. A. accessible B. original C. superior D. secure 29. A. effort B. logic C. relationship D. investment 30. A. deserve B. evaluate C. modify D. exploit 31. A. shone B. shrunk C. ballooned D. flown 32. A. preserve B. popularize C. underestimate D. revolutionize 33. A. challenge B. luck C. motivation D. experience 34. A. reflect on B. save on C. adjust to D. live on 35. A. mutual understanding B. mental fitness C. family value D. common good 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了几乎所有成功的事业都有一定程度的运气的作用，构建良好的教育体系，可以让孩子有更多的好运气，得到更好的发展。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随机性往往以微妙的方式表现出来，很容易构建一种逻辑，将成功描绘成除了运气之外的一切。A. randomness随机性；B. potential潜在性；C. masterpiece杰作；D. success成功。根据“Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery.”以及该空后的“often plays out in delicate ways”可知，作者认为，好运气有着像中彩票一样的随机性，这种随机性（randomness）往往以微妙的方式表现出来。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在其早期存在的大部分时间里，这幅画一直在阴暗处保存，1911年从卢浮宫被盗时，它被推到了聚光灯下。A. emergency紧急,；B. maintenance维护；C. review 审查；D. shade阴影，阴暗处。结合上文及该空后“...the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre.”可知，蒙娜丽莎这幅画直到1911被盗，才引起世人的瞩目，在此之前一直在阴暗处（shade）保存，与下文的spotlight形成鲜明对比。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这起著名的盗窃案持续了两年仍未解决，直到一名维修工人在试图出售这幅画后被捕。A.accidental意外的；B.unsolved尚未解决的；C.official官方的；D. objective客观的。根据下文“…until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting.”可知，直到一名维修工人在试图出售这幅画后被捕，推知在此之前，这起盗窃案一直尚未解决（unsolved）。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的被捕引起了第二波公众关注，每个人都在谈论这幅画。A. protest抗议；B. suspicion怀疑；C. publicity关注，宣传；D. investigation调查。根据“…with the painting on everyone’s lips.”可知，每个人都在谈论这幅画，可见，蒙娜丽莎这幅画因为被盗，得到了世人的关注和宣传（publicity）。故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不可避免地，前面的一些步骤可能会受到偶然因素的影响，因此肯定会影响后面的过程。A. previous以前；B. negative消极的；C. realistic现实的；D. entire整个的。根据“Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones.”可知，几乎每一条职业道路都由一系列步骤组成，每一个步骤都依赖于以前的步骤，推知此处指前面的（previous）步骤可能会影响后面的过程。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们有理由得出这样的结论：几乎所有成功的职业都至少有一定程度的运气。A.virtually几乎；B.sustainably可持续地；C.adequately充分地；D. negatively消极地。根据上文“As in the art world, it is so too in the world of work. Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones. Inevitably, some of those ____5____ steps can be influenced by chance factors, which, as a result, are sure to affect the following process.”可知，正如在艺术世界一样，在工作世界也是如此。几乎每一条职业道路都由一系列步骤组成，每一个步骤都依赖于以前的步骤，每个步骤都可能会受到一些偶然运气因素的影响。可推知，几乎（virtually）所有成功的职业都至少有一定程度的运气。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，一个人的出生日期事关紧要。A. occurs 发生；B. contracts使收缩；C. matters事关紧要；D. approaches靠近。根据“for example. According to a study, most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class, which explains why they are less likely to hold ____8____ positions during high school and thus, less likely to land good jobs later in life.”可知，下文举例说明了，夏天出生的孩子，往往在高中不太担任高级职位，在以后生活中也不太可能找到好的工作，推知，小孩的出生日期事关紧要（matters）。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据一项研究，大多数在夏天出生的孩子往往是他们班上最年轻的成员，这就解释了为什么他们在高中时不太可能担任高级职位，因此在以后的生活中不太可能找到好工作。A. accessible可到达的；B. original原始的；C. superior高级的；D. secure安全的。根据下文“less likely to land good jobs later in life”可知，根据一项研究，夏天出生的孩子在以后的生活中不太可能找到好工作，推知，他们在高中时不太可能担任高级（superior）职位。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：承认偶然事件的力量并不意味着成功独立于努力。A. effort 努力；B. logic逻辑；C.relationship 关系；D. investment投资。结合上文及根据下文“The safest way to get what you want is to ____10____ what you want.”可知，得到想要的东西最安全的方法就是做到让自己值得去拥有，可推知，成功需要努力和机遇，偶然的幸运事件并不是意味着成功独立于努力（effort）。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：得到你想要的东西最安全的方法就是做到值得得到你想要的东西。A. deserve值得；B. evaluate评估；C. modify修改；D. exploit利用。根据上文“To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of ____9____.”可知，偶然事件的力量并不意味着成功独立于努力，可推知，得到想要的东西，不仅靠幸运的机遇，也要靠自己的努力，才值得（deserve）拥有想要的东西。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在美国，随着教育预算的缩减，我们的工作一直很糟糕。A. shone 照；B. shrunk 萎缩，缩减；C. ballooned 膨胀；D. flown飞行。根据上文“But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job…”可知，美国在这方面的工作很糟糕，推知教育预算缩减（shrunk）。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类低估运气作用的倾向导致了这种令人不安的状态，原因是不愿意投资于教育，而教育的强大体系可以为下一代带来运气。A. preserve保护；B. popularize 推广；C.underestimat低估；D.revolutionize发动革命。根据上文“Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has ____11____.”可知，出生在一个良好的教育体系中是一种我们可以控制的运气——也就是说，至少我们可以决定我们的孩子会有多幸运，然而，美国做的很糟糕，在教育方面的预算缩减，可推知，此处指人类低估（underestimate）运气作用。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人类低估运气作用的倾向导致了这种令人不安的状态，原因是不愿意投资于教育，而强大的教育体系可以为下一代带来运气。A. challenge 挑战；B. luck运气；C. motivation 动机；D. experience 经验。根据“Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be.”可知，出生在一个良好的教育体系中是一种我们可以控制的运气，推知，强大的教育体系可以为下一代带来运气（luck）。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：一项研究表明，引导人们回顾自己的好运往往会使他们更愿意为共同的利益做出贡献。A. reflect on回顾；B. save on节省；C. adjust to适应；D. live on以……为食。根据下文“So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck. In the process, the next generation’s odds of success may well increase…”可知，试着让你成功的朋友们回顾他们的幸运经历，在这个过程中，下一代成功的几率可能会增加。可推知，研究表明，引导人们回顾（reflect on）自己的好运往往会使他们更愿意为共同的利益做出贡献。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：一项研究表明，引导人们回顾自己的好运往往会使他们更愿意为共同的利益做出贡献。A.mutual understanding相互了解；B.mental fitness心理健康；C.family value家庭价值；D.common good共同利益。根据最后一句“…all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service.”可知，下文提到所有社会成员都更有可能享受到改善的公共服务，可推知，此处指他们更愿意为共同的利益（common good）做出贡献。故选D项。 Section B Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the people gather together to socialize and exchange news. They are institutions at the heart of British society. After all, the word ‘pub’ is actually short for ‘public house’. As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites. that tourists visit. One of the most famous examples is the city of Nottingham called “The Old Trip to Jerusalem”, which dates back to the year AD 1189 and is probably the oldest pub in England. It was the same year in which kings Richard the first came into power, who led the First Crusade into the Holy Land, towards Jerusalem. Many British pubs have old names referring to governors, such as The King's Head or The Queen Victoria, but of course this doesn’t mean they are only for kings and queens. Pubs have always welcome people from all classes and parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price. That’s how things used to be. but there are worrying signs that things are beginning to change. Economic downturns, governmental financial measures, and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business. People do not have a lot of spare money to spend on beer. On top of that, in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spaces, including pubs, which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then. This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allow by law to stay open after 11 pm. Previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of drinking is known as “binge drinking”, and it causes long-term health problems individuals and problems with violent crime for communities. The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of king too much. 36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. British pubs are preserved well mainly to attract tourists from all of the world. B. British pubs are quite popular and accessible to people from all walks of life. C. Most British pubs are going out of business because of economic and cultural bans. D. Most British pubs have to shut down to adjust themselves to meet the smoking ban. 37. Why did the UK government allow pubs to stay open after 11 pm? A. To stimulate customers to spend more on drinks. B. To help British pubs survive economic downturns. C. To encourage more sensible ways of drinking in pubs. D. To get rid of violent crime in most part of Britain. 38. The term “binge drinking” in paragraph 5 would be most likely to describe A. drinking too much and too quickly B. social problems related to British pubs C. a new long-term drinking approach D. problems caused by drinking too much 39. What will most probably be covered in the paragraph that follows the last in the passage? A. Different methods to welcome new customers to pubs. B. Various advertisements encouraging people to quit drinking. C. The campaigns and strategies to support the traditional pubs. D. Trends of migrating back from the modern wine bars to old ones. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲的是传统酒馆在英国的变迁史以及当代酒馆没落的原因和政府支持传统酒馆的一些举措。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub. In fact, until a place has a church and a pub, it is not really considered a community worthy of a name.”（数千年来，英国乡村最重要的两座建筑是教堂和酒馆。事实上，直到一个地方有了教堂和酒馆，它才真正被认为是一个名副其实的社区。）和第三段“Pubs have always welcome people from all classes and parts of society.”（酒馆总是欢迎来自社会各个阶层的人。） 可知，酒馆在英国广受欢迎，各行各业的人都可以去。故选B。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。通过题干中“11 pm.”将答案定位在第五段，根据“Previously, with 11 pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly.”（之前，因为关门时间是11点，顾客不得不喝酒很快，这也就意味着他们有时候喝得快会比喝得慢喝得更醉。）反推，酒馆被允许在11点后再关门，那么顾客就不用喝那么快，也就不用喝得更醉，喝酒的方式也就更合理了。故选C。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段前文“customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk”（顾客不得不喝酒很快，这也就意味着他们有时候喝得更醉），后文“The British habit of drinking is known as “binge drinking”, and it causes long-term health problems individuals and problems with violent crime for communities”（英国人的饮酒习惯被称为“binge drinking”，它会给个人和社区带来长期的健康问题和暴力犯罪问题。）可知，这种喝酒方式会带一系列恶性问题，因此这种“binge drinking”喝酒方式应该是“喝得又快又多”。故选A。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This decline is happening despite the fact that pubs are now allow by law to stay open after 11 pm.”（尽管它们被允许开门到11点后，酒馆的衰落还在进行中。），文末“The UK government is trying to find ways of discouraging binge drinking, and regularly spends money on television commercials to warn people of the problems of king too much.”（英国政府正试图找到阻止酗酒的方法，并定期在电视广告上花钱，警告人们过度饮酒的问题。）可知，近些年酒馆没落，但政府采取了一系列措施振兴酒馆，因此后文可能会继续承接最后一段列举一些举措支持传统酒馆。故选C。 （B） Darius (runner) I’ve always been sporty, but I was best at football and athletics. When I was 14, I had a trial for a professional football club, but eventually I chose to go down the athletics route instead. My biggest moment came when I got to compete for my country in the youth team and got a medal. It didn’t result in much media attention, though. I’d been hoping some sponsorship would come out of it, because the training doesn’t come cheap. I train at home all winter and then go away for three weeks before the season starts. You’ve got to be really disciplined, though. If friends ask me to go out the night before training, I have to say no. I wish I didn’t, but dedication pays in this sport. The main goal for me is to get to the next Olympics—that would be fantastic. Gabriel (surfer) The surfing community is small, so you get to meet the same guys wherever you compete. Professional surfers are very serious and often the best waves are at dawn, so if you’re really going to get anywhere, you have to cut out late-night parties altogether. I don’t mind that so much, but I do love having a lie-in, and I usually have to give that up too. But it’s worth it because without that kind of dedication I might not have won the National Championships last year. And, of course, the sacrifices are worth it in the long run because winning that championship meant I got picked to present a surfing series on TV. I guess I’m a bit of a star now. Dieter (yacht (帆船) racer) With five people on a boat together, you have a good laugh. We’re very traditional and we always celebrate a win in great style. If it has been said that we act a bit childishly when we’re out, but we don’t actively go looking for media coverage. Sometimes the reporters actually seem more concerned about where you go out celebrating and what you get up to there than about where you came in the race. I’m away for eight months of the year, so if it is great to get back, go out with my mates from other walks of life and do the things they do. I’m known within the world of sailing, but fortunately I can count the number of times I’ve been recognised in the street on the fingers of one hand, I’d hate to become a star. Tomas (tennis player) It’s always a great thing to walk on court and feel that the crowd’s behind you. At the last competition, though, it all got a bit crazy with people crowding around. Despite that, I have to admit that I do still get excited if spotted by fans when I’m out shopping or something. It has its downside though. Tennis players have to travel quite a lot, and in the end that’s why my last girlfriend and I split up, I guess. That was hard, but you’ve got to make sacrifices in any sport; you’ve got to be serious and professional. Actually, it doesn’t really bother me too much. I’m satisfied to concentrate on my game now and catch up on the other things in life once I retired, because, after all, that comes pretty early in this sport. 40. Both Darius and Gabriel think that ________ plays an important role in being a professional athlete. A. relaxation B. talent C. media attention D. self-discipline 41. Which of the following athletes says he/ she doesn’t enjoy media attention? A. Darius B. Gabriel C. Dieter D. Tomas 42. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Dieter isn’t that popular in the world of sailing. B. Gabriel won last year’s National Championship. C. Darius had been a professional footballer for several years. D. Tomas doesn’t like his personal life being affected by his career. 【答案】40. D 41. C 42. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位运动员以及他们的个人经历和生活。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Darius (runner)中“It didn’t result in much media attention, though. I’d been hoping some sponsorship would come out of it, because the training doesn’t come cheap. (不过你必须非常自律。如果朋友们在训练前的晚上叫我出去，我不得不说不)”和Gabriel (surfer)中“I don’t mind that so much, but I do love having a lie-in, and I usually have to give that up too. But it’s worth it because without that kind of dedication I might not have won the National Championships last year. (我不太介意，但我喜欢睡懒觉，而且我通常也不得不放弃睡懒觉。但这是值得的，因为如果没有那种奉献精神，我可能无法赢得去年的全国冠军)”可知，Darius和Gabriel都认为自律在成为职业运动员中起着重要的作用。故选D项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据Dieter (yacht (帆船) racer)中“I’m known within the world of sailing, but fortunately I can count the number of times I’ve been recognised in the street on the fingers of one hand, I’d hate to become a star. (我在帆船界很有名，但幸运的是，我能数出我在街上被认出的次数，用一只手的手指就能数出来，我讨厌成为明星)”可推知，Dieter不喜欢媒体的关注。故选C项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据Gabriel (surfer)中“But it’s worth it because without that kind of dedication I might not have won the National Championships last year. (但这是值得的，因为如果没有那种奉献精神，我可能无法赢得去年的全国锦标赛)”可知，Gabriel赢得了去年的全国锦标赛。故选B项。 （C） Wild-animal reintroduction programs aim to set animals bred in zoos back into their natural wild habitat. These projects sound attractive, yet many of them end up with low success rates. Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. One obvious factor is the condition of the target wild habitat. If the original environment has been severely destroyed or polluted, releasing animals there makes little sense. Even if the habitat is physically intact, we need to make sure there is enough food and suitable shelter for the released animals. Another vital factor is the animals’ skill of survival. Animals raised inside zoos lose many essential wild skills. They may not know how to hunt, avoid natural enemies or search for safe shelters. Therefore, prerelease training programmes are very important. Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. Without such training, most released animals cannot survive long in the wild. Human behaviour also plays a big role. Illegal hunting, poaching and human-animal conflict can wipe out the reintroduced population. Local public education is essential. Residents living nearby should be informed of the significance of this wildlife project, and taught how to coexist peacefully with wild animals. Strict antipoaching measures must also be carried out. Reintroduction is not simply “opening the cage door and letting animals go”. It is complex systematic work. Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. 43. Why do many animal reintroduction projects fail? A. Zoo animals refuse to leave zoos. B. Multiple key factors are not well-prepared. C. Local residents dislike these wild animals. D. There are too many natural enemies in the wild. 44. What is prerelease training intended for? A. To help animals get used to human beings. B. To check animals’ physical health condition. C. To teach zoo-raised animals necessary survival skills. D. To increase the number of zoo-bred animals. 45. Which of the following measure belongs to human factor preparation? A. Restoring food resources inside the habitat. B. Training animals to escape from predators. C. Repairing damaged wild environment. D. Carrying out antipoaching laws strictly. 46. What is the main idea of this article? A. Zoo-bred animals are not fit for wild life. B. Wild-animal reintroduction is impractical. C. Successful animal reintroduction requires multiple conditions. D. Human activities are the biggest threat to wild animals. 【答案】43. B 44. C 45. D 46. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了野生动物重引入项目成功的关键因素，包括栖息地条件、动物生存技能和人类相关准备。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists have been exploring the key factors that decide whether reintroduction will succeed. (科学家们一直在探索决定重引入能否成功的关键因素。)”以及最后一段“Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. (只有当栖息地、动物生存技能和人类相关条件都准备充分时，野生动物重引入项目才能取得长期成功。)”可知，许多动物重引入项目失败是因为多个关键因素没有准备充分。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Before being set free, zoo-bred animals should receive practical training: learning to identify natural food sources, recognize and escape from predators. (在被放归之前，动物园饲养的动物应该接受实际训练：学习识别天然食物来源、识别并逃离捕食者。)”可知，放归前训练的目的是教授动物园饲养的动物必要的生存技能。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Strict antipoaching measures must also be carried out. (必须严格执行反偷猎措施。)”可知，严格执行反偷猎法律属于人类因素准备。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Only when habitat, animal survival skills and human related conditions are all well-prepared can a wild-animal reintroduction project achieve long term success. (只有当栖息地、动物生存技能和人类相关条件都准备充分时，野生动物重引入项目才能取得长期成功。)”可知，本文的主旨是成功的动物重引入需要多个条件。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Internet’s Largest Encyclopaedia (百科全书) Being the founder of the Internet’s largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of strange emails. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who’ve just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. ____47____Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on and add to it or edit it. And they do. Academics are upset. ____48____ An Encyclopaedia Britannica editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don’t know who used it last. Loyal users claim that cooperation improves articles over time. But what exactly is a wiki and how does it work? Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free.____49____Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki. And the name? Believe it or not, the name came about because the inventor of the wiki had his honeymoon in Hawaii, where you catch the ‘wiki wiki’ (quick) bus from the airport. Anyway, years ago, Jimmy Wales was looking for a way to combine his two major hobbies: ‘reading the Encyclopaedia Britannica and surfing the Internet. I met all these great people online,’ he says, ‘and we were all discussing things on mailing lists no one ever looks at. I thought, why not build something long-lasting, more fun and entertaining?’ Ah, fun. ____50____Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was ‘fun and cool’. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia’s growth? Simply amazing. A. It has 1.5 million entries in seventy-six languages — and counting. B. The wide-open nature of the Internet encourages people to disregard the importance of professionalism. C. They know you could confirm anything you like by adding it yourself. D. You then use them to set up a website that can be edited by anyone you like. E. ‘Oh,’ they write, ‘you’ve got a major security issue.’ F. Spend enough time talking to Wales and you’ll believe his life has been one long series of laughter. 【答案】47. E 48. C 49. D 50. F 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍互联网最大百科全书维基百科，讲述其开放编辑模式、维基软件原理以及创始人吉米・威尔士的相关想法。 【47题详解】 前文“But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who’ve just discovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button.(但是让他放声大笑的邮件来自心存顾虑的新用户，这些新用户刚刚发现他们点击一下按钮就拥有编辑维基百科词条的全部权限)”介绍新用户发来让他发笑的担忧邮件，E项“‘Oh,’ they write, ‘you’ve got a major security issue.’(‘哦，’他们写道，‘你们存在一个重大的安全隐患。’)”承接上文，说明邮件具体内容。 【48题详解】 前文“Wikipedia is a free open-source encyclopaedia, which basically means that anyone can log on and add to it or edit it. And they do. Academics are upset.(维基百科是一本免费的开源百科全书，这基本上意味着任何人都可以登录并添加内容或者编辑它。而且人们确实这么做了。学者们感到不满)”提到维基百科的开源模式让学者们感到不满，C项“They know you could confirm anything you like by adding it yourself.(他们知道你可以自行添加内容来证实任何你喜欢的东西)”承接学者的不满，解释学者担忧的原因，引出后文“An Encyclopaedia Britannica editor once compared Wikipedia to a public toilet seat because you don’t know who used it last.(《大英百科全书》的一名编辑曾经把维基百科比作公共马桶座圈，因为你不知道上一个使用者是谁)”对维基开放模式的负面评价， 【49题详解】 前文“Wikis are simple pieces of software that you can download for free.(维基是一些你可以免费下载的简易软件)”介绍维基软件可以免费下载，D项“You then use them to set up a website that can be edited by anyone you like.(然后你可以利用它们搭建一个网站，任何你允许的人都可以编辑这个网站)”承接下载软件，说明软件的使用方式，引出后文“Need to solve a business problem overnight and all the members of your team are in different time zones? Start a wiki.(需要一夜之间解决一个商业问题，而你的团队成员全都处在不同时区吗？搭建一个维基网站)”对具体运用场景的描述。 【50题详解】 前文“Ah, fun.(啊，乐趣)”引出威尔士对乐趣的看法，后文“Options and futures trading, which he did in Chicago in the 1990s, was ‘fun and cool’. Quitting his job to start an Internet company? Delightful. Paying the mortgage purely from investments? Fantastic. And Wikipedia’s growth? Simply amazing.(他在20世纪90年代于芝加哥从事的期权期货交易是“有趣又很酷的”。辞去工作创办互联网公司？令人愉快。单纯依靠投资偿还房贷？太棒了。维基百科的发展？简直令人惊叹)”列举一件件他觉得充满乐趣的事，F项“Spend enough time talking to Wales and you’ll believe his life has been one long series of laughter.(花足够多时间和威尔士交谈，你就会相信他的人生就是一连串持续不断的欢乐)”引出下文多个趣事，符合语境。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Leave your plastic wrapping at the tills, urges BBC presenter A television wildlife presenter takes all the plastic off her shopping and leaves it at supermarket tills (收银台) to highlight the overuse of packaging. Liz Bonnin, a biologist who presented the BBC One documentary Drowning in Plastic, makes a point of leaving the packaging behind every time she shops so that retailers (零售店) are full of plastic bags and encouraged to change how they pack products. She has also given up using plastic products and will only drink coffee if it is in a reusable cup. In an interview with Saga magazine, Bonnin, 44, said that if people changed their habits, they could force retailers to change their ways. “Supermarkets are obliged to take plastic wrapping from customers,” she said, “If retailers get covered with all our plastic packaging, they will implement change. We have to change our habits; I will never again buy water in a plastic bottle.” Britain’s supermarkets produce more than 59 billion pieces of plastic packaging a year, a Greenpeace report found. Bonnin said that most plastics found in the ocean are ingested by species and enter our food chain. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the impact this has on humans. Bonnin started her career at the Irish broadcaster RTE before presenting science and natural history programmes for the BBC, including Big Blue Live and Bang Goes the Theory. “I wish I could be presenting nothing but beautiful programmes about animals, but instead I’m presenting hard-hitting environmental films,” she said. “We have no more time.” People’s focus on “financial gain and economic growth” has pushed us into an unsustainable society, she believes. She said, “The three biggest environmental threats are plastic pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. They are all interconnected and share the same root cause: our appetite for consumption.” ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Liz Bonnin, a BBC presenter, leaves her plastic packaging at the retailers to reveal the overuse of plastics. She no longer uses plastic products, believing we can make a difference by changing our habits. Plastics are dangerous to the environment and our health. Liz maintains that our environment is in greater danger, for which humans’ desire is to blame. 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍BBC主持人Liz Bonnin为凸显塑料过度包装问题，购物时把塑料包装留在收银台，呼吁人们改变习惯倒逼商家做出改变；她指出塑料污染危害环境与人类健康，塑料污染、气候变化和生物多样性丧失三大环境问题根源都是人类的消费欲望。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Liz Bonnin, a biologist who presented the BBC One documentary Drowning in Plastic, makes a point of leaving the packaging behind every time she shops so that retailers (零售店) are full of plastic bags and encouraged to change how they pack products.  ②We have to change our habits; I will never again buy water in a plastic bottle. ③Bonnin said that most plastics found in the ocean are ingested by species and enter our food chain. Scientists are increasingly concerned about the impact this has on humans. ④She said, “The three biggest environmental threats are plastic pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss. They are all interconnected and share the same root cause: our appetite for consumption.” 2.缜密构思 将①②两个要点合并说明Liz的行动和想法；③单独概括塑料的危害；④整合三大环境问题及其共同根源。 3.遣词造句 Liz Bonnin, a BBC presenter, leaves plastic packaging at supermarkets to show plastic overuse and push retailers to change. She stops using plastic and believes our habit changes can work. Plastic pollution harms sea creatures and human health. She argues that three major environmental problems come from people’s desire for consumption. 【点睛】[高分句型1] She no longer uses plastic products, believing we can make a difference by changing our habits. (运用了现在分词believing作状语及省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Liz maintains that our environment is in greater danger, for which humans’ desire is to blame. (运用了that引导的宾语从句及for which引导的非限制性定语从句) IV. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets. 52. 要记住，没有失败我们也不会成长。(without)（汉译英） 【答案】Remember we can't grow without failure. 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查介词和情态动词用法。分析汉语可知要用祈使句，动词用原形remember；后半句要用情态动词can't，后加动词原形grow。要求用介词without，后加名词failure作宾语。故答案为：Remember we can't grow without failure. 53. 你越是善于反思自己的行为，就越有可能突破自我。(reflect) （汉译英） 【答案】The better you are at reflecting on your behaviors, the more likely you are to break through yourself. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词比较级、名词和动词短语。表示“越......，就越......”应用句式the+形容词比较级......，the+形容词比较级；表示“善于”应用动词短语be good at，后接名词或动名词作宾语；表示“反思”应用动词短语 reflect on，后接名词或动名词作宾语；表示“行为”应用名词behavior，是可数名词；表示 “越可能做某事”应用固定句型 be more likely to do sth.；表示“突破自我”应用动词短语break through oneself。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。故翻译为The better you are at reflecting on your behaviors, the more likely you are to break through yourself。 54. 一看到这张照片，我想起了去年夏令营时的点点滴滴。(sight) （汉译英） 【答案】At the sight of this picture, I think of the dribs and drabs of last year's summer camp. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语和一般现在时。根据提示可知，表示“一看到”应用介词短语at the sight of，表示“照片”应用名词picture。表示“想起”应用动词短语think of，表示“点点滴滴”应用名词短语dribs and drabs，表示“去年”应用短语last year，表示“夏令营”应用名词短语summer camp。此处没有明显的时间提示，所以可用一般现在时。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为At the sight of this picture, I think of the dribs and drabs of last year's summer camp.。 55. 一旦找出了让你感到恼火的问题，你就会更明白谁能够解决问题。(make…right) （汉译英） 【答案】Once you figure out what’s bothering you, you’ll have a better idea of who can make it right. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语、动词时态和宾语从句。表示“一旦”应用连词once引导条件状语从句，根据句意，此处表示将来的事情，在条件状语从句中应用一般现在时表将来；表示“找出，弄清楚”应用动词短语figure out，表示“使恼火”应用动词bother，在out后的宾语从句中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what引导；问题一直存在，所以应用现在进行时表示持续的状态，在主句中应用一般将来时。表示“明白”可用固定搭配have a good idea of，表示“更明白”good应用比较级better；表示“谁能够解决问题”应用who引导宾语从句作have a good idea of的宾语，表示“能够”应用情态动词can，根据提示，表示“解决”应用make...right，此处用it代 指“问题”。故翻译为Once you figure out what’s bothering you, you’ll have a better idea of who can make it right. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到英国笔友Carol的邮件。在邮件中，她提到在学习三年中文后，她想通过阅读中文小说进一步提高自己的中文水平，希望你可以推荐一部适合她阅读的小说。回复一封邮件，内容须包括： 1)你推荐的小说名字及该小说的主要内容； 2)你推荐该小说的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】one possible version: Dear Carol, I’m very glad to know you are interested in Chinese novels. I would like to recommend one from so many famous Chinese books—Journey to the West, which is very popular among Chinese people. The novel, written by Wu Cheng’en, is an outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales. It is generally recognized as a masterpiece about god and spirits. Basically, the novel is about Tang Sanzang’s journey to fetch back some Buddist scriptures and the difficulties he and his followers face in between. Along the way, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing have to battle lots of demons,who all want their master because his flesh will give immortality to anyone who eats it. By reading it, not only do you lift your spirit but also you can gain courage when faced with obstacles. I wish you would have fun reading it. Yours, Li Ming 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Carol回复一封邮件，推荐一部适合她阅读的中文小说。 【详解】1.词汇积累 拿回： carry back→ fetch back 斗争：fight→ battle 困难：trouble→ obstacles 享受做某事：enjoy doing sth. → have fun doing sth. 2.拓展句式 简单句变复合句 原句：The novel, written by Wu Cheng’en, is an outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales.  拓展句：The novel, which is written by Wu Cheng’en, is an outstanding romantic work full of fantastic tales. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I would like to recommend one from so many famous Chinese books—Journey to the West, which is very popular among Chinese people.（运用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] Along the way, Sun Wukong, Zhu Bajie and Sha Wujing have to battle lots of demons,who all want their master because his flesh will give immortality to anyone who eats it.（运用了由who引导非限制性定语从句，由because引导原因状语从句和由who引导限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $