精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科1月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试题

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科1月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Children's Fine Motor Skills Using a fork to eat, zipping up a sweatshirt and turning a doorknob are all things most people do without thinking, but children spend their early years developing and refining these abilities. They are known as fine motor skills, ____1____ the small muscles of the hands with adequate strength, dexterity (灵巧) and coordination (协调) to grasp and control objects are used. It is firmly believed ____2____ later, fine motor skills do help children to succeed in school. ____3____ are also important in day-to-day life. ____4____ (watch) a baby use their uncoordinated arms and legs might be adorable, but these early reactions are practice for the fine motor skills they'll eventually develop. ____5____ Stephanie Reich, a professor of the University of California, toddlers need to increase the coordination of fine movements in the preschool years. ____6____ children grow older, these fine motor skills will improve and become more complex. For example, a 4-year-old may hold a crayon with their fist, using their whole hand to draw. But five-year-olds can start using a pencil between the first and middle fingers and thumb, as adults can. The elementary school years and beyond see ____7____ (advanced) fine motor skills, such as when children learn to tie shoes between 5 and 6 years old. At about age 7, ____8____ (improve) performance can be amazingly witnessed. However, every child develops at their own pace. If a single milestone, such as using eating utensils (餐具), ____9____ (delay), it isn't necessarily cause for concern. In fact, when working on fine motor skills in the classroom, short lessons provide the most benefit for learning,. Play-based learning is also one of the strategies that are preferred. Teachers may also use hand-eye coordination - the ability of a child's eyes ____10____ (control) their hands and fingers - to work with children to improve fine motor skills. Using computers, especially a keyboard and mouse, also helps younger children with fine motor skills. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. genuinely B. pocket C. mass-produced D. seemingly E. inspiration F. familiarize G. group H. encounter I. customary J. symbolic K. motivation A Deeper Meaning behind Souvenirs “Nobody sits us down and tells us to collect objects when we’re young,” writes Rolf Potts, “it’s just something we do, as a way to____11____ourselves with the world, its possibilities, and our place in it.” Few of us would call ourselves collectors, but most travelers ____12____a seashell from a vacation, or bring a keychain. As Mr. Potts notes in a book called “Souvenir,” there is more to this ____13____simple practice than meets the eye. For one thing, it can date back to the oldest described journeys, so it’s a____14____practice that goes back thousands of years. And academic researchers have classified souvenirs -- even____15____items like “I Love New York” T-shirts and plastic miniatures of Michelangelo’s David -- into various categories, likely unknown to many travelers. Which categories do the things we’ve bought or found in our travels fall into? Further, what’s ____16____behind our need to bring home souvenirs? Over time, intellectual curiosity became the driving____17____for personal travel. Yet even as travelers began collecting historical and scientific souvenirs, not just religious items, the things they brought home stood for feelings for holy objects. Scholars____18____these souvenirs into different buckets, including “markers” (location branded items like T-shirts and teacups), “pictorial images” (postcards and posters), and “____19____landmarks” (for example, Statue of Liberty key chains), with the latter two categories symbolizing, though not exclusive to, mass tourism. In the end, “Souvenir” suggests that its meaning is not fixed because its importance to the owner can change over time and that its significance is closely related to the traveler’s identity. Mr. Potts himself has had plenty of souvenirs, things that remind him not merely of the places he’s been and the extraordinary _____20_____between him and local people, but of former life phases. “When we collect souvenirs,” he writes, “we do so not to evaluate the world, but to tell the self.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In recent weeks, a group of 15 wild elephants on a long, strange trip out of the jungles of far southwestern China have attracted millions of people across the country. Since the elephants left a wildlife reserve near China’s border with Laos and Myanmar last year, they have ____21____ steadily northward and have been wandering the suburbs of Kunming, a city of 8. 5 million residents. Millions have ____22____ to watch the elephants’ 300-mile journey on television and on internet live streams, or tracked their movements on social media. While ____23____ with the creatures, some increasingly see the elephants and their journey as a lesson on the risks of nature and a rapidly urbanizing China crashing into one another, especially as development ____24____. Videos of the ____25____ elephants, wandering down empty streets, breaking into a car dealership and in the case of one mother elephant using her trunk to lift her baby out of danger, have gone ____26____. Along the way, the elephants have broken into villagers’ homes, eaten their food, drank their water and destroyed their crops. All told, the group has now caused more than 400 separate incidents of damage, worth some $1. 1 million. ____27____, authorities have formed a government task force. They mobilized hundreds of people, and distributed drones with infrared (红外线的) capabilities to ____28____ them as they wander through China’s Yunnan province. To keep the elephants away from more densely populated villages, authorities have blocked roads with trucks. Local authorities have been experimenting with snacks to ____29____ the elephants, laying out corn, bananas and pineapples. The _____30_____ so far: The elephants like corn, while the pineapples have been largely ignored. The elephants have shown a continued interest in wooden buckets of alcohol. Some specialists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have assumed that a recent solar storm may have _____31_____ the creatures’ inner compass (指南针) and triggered (引发) a(n) _____32_____ to head north. Some scientists have theorized that the elephants are on the move because their _____33_____ has shrunk while their population has grown. In recent days, the _____34_____ obsession among the elephants’ new fans has given way to _____35_____ over the unintended consequences of China’s prosperity and economic development. “We’ve made a lot of money, but all these human activities have also caused a lot of trouble for the elephants,” says Mr. Liao, the truck driver, who says he has been inspired to pay more attention to wild animals and their habitats. 21. A. hunted B. located C. marched D. invaded 22. A. taken over B. tuned in C. got together D. showed up 23. A. fascinated B. concerned C. bored D. frightened 24. A. declines B. booms C. reverses D. settles 25. A. trembling B. imposing C. striking D. parading 26. A. global B. wrong C. viral D. crazy 27. A. In response B. In addition C. In turn D. In theory 28. A. capture B. tend C. surround D. track 29. A. trap B. raise C. steer D. tame 30. A. content B. contrast C. context D. consequence 31. A. abused B. detected C. awakened D. liberated 32. A. urge B. possibility C. memory D. permission 33. A. material B. value C. habitat D. size 34. A. consistent B. initial C. restricted D. separated 35. A. concern B. control C. quarrel D. reflection Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） It was one of the most destructive days in the history of our planet, and now we know how it played out. Scientists have pieced together the first day of the dinosaurs’ extinction, by drilling into the crater(火山口)that formed from the asteroid(小行星)that caused their downfall. The asteroid, which led to the extinction of all dinosaurs that can’t fly, crashed into the Gulf of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula some 66 million years ago. In 2016, a scientific drilling project by the International Ocean Discovery Program got rocks from the impact site, which has been underwater for a long time. Now, scientists have analysed these rocks to travel back in time to that particular day itself. “It’s an expanded record of events that we were able to recover from within ground zero,” said Dr Sean Gulick, a geophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin and leader of this study. “It tells us about impact processes from an eyewitness location.” In just 24 hours following the impact, a layer of material 130m thick was deposited. This include charcoal, which provides evidence for the intense wildfires that are thought to have been caused by the crash. Meanwhile, the impact also led to a huge tsunami, an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake, as evidenced by layers of rocks and sand in the core samples, which appear to have been deposited by flooding waters. One thing conspicuously missing from the samples, though, is the element of sulphur(硫磺). Although the surrounding area is full of sulphur-rich rocks, the crater is unusually sulphur-free. This supports the idea that the asteroid impact instantly vaporised sulphurous rocks, releasing the sulphur into the atmosphere, where it remained and reflected away the Sun’s light, cooling the Earth’s climate. Although the impact had destructive effects on a regional level, it’s this large-scale global cooling that’s thought to be behind the dinosaurs’ eventual extinction, as well as that of countless other plant and animal species. “The real killer has got to be atmospheric,” said Gulick. “The only way you get a global mass extinction like this is an atmospheric effect.” 36. Dr Sean Gulick is quoted in paragraph 3 in order to ______. A. stress the impact of the crash B. illustrate the significance of their study C. explain what they did in their study D. state the reason for dinosaurs’ death 37. The word “conspicuously”(in paragraph 6)is closest in meaning to“______”. A. obviously B. restlessly C. occasionally D. potentially 38. Which of the following is a cause of the dramatic drop in temperature mentioned in the passage? A. The tsunami. B. The wildfires. C. The vapourised sulphur. D. The deposit of rocks. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Touching on the dinosaur’s time B. Drilling into the day the dinosaurs died C. Why we need to study the atmospheric effect D. What we should know about the history of our planet （B） (You may read the questions first.) Book 1 In Factfulness, Professor Hans Roslingasks simple questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out that the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort (扭曲) our perspective. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book focuses on our instinctive biases (偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world. Book 2 Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. Book 3 For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill. Book 4 The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries. In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process. 40. What is the common feature of the four books? A. They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries. B. They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries. C. They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development. D. They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries. 41. Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence? A. Hans Roslingasks B. Steven Pinker C. Matt Ridley D. Stevens Radelet 42. Which of the following can be a possible title for Book 3? A. The Rational Optimist B. Human History: Where Are We C. A Public Debate D. Out of Poverty: What and How （C） Science may never know what memories play on the mind of the California sea hare, a foot-long marine snail, when it eats algae — a sea plant — in the tide pools of the Pacific coast. But in a new study, researchers claim to have made headway in understanding the simplest kind of memory a creature might form. David Glanzman, a neurobiologist at the University of California, believes the kinds of memories that trigger a defensive reaction in the snail are encoded not in the connections between brain cells, as many scientists would argue, but in RNA molecules (分子) that form part of an organism’s genetic machinery. In an experiment to test the idea, Glanzman implanted wire into the tails of California sea hares, and gave them a series of electrical shocks. The procedure sensitized the animals so that when they were prodded (戳) in a fleshy spout called a siphon, they contracted their gills (鳃状呼吸器官) in a strong defensive action. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman extracted RNA from the animals and injected it into other sea snails to see what happened. He found the recipient sea snails became sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. When Glanzman repeated the experiment with RNA from sea snails that had been hooked up to wires but not shocked, the reaction behavior did not transfer. Despite the result, the work has not found widespread acceptance. “Obviously further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these changes can happen without failure in a wide range of conditions,” said Prof Sherilynn Vann, who studies memory at Cardiff University. “While the sea hare is a fantastic model for studying basic neuroscience, we must be very cautious in drawing comparisons to human memory processes.” Tomas Ryan, who studies memory at Trinity College Dublin, is firmly unconvinced. “It’s interesting, but I don’t think they’ve transferred a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of switch in the animal and there is something in the liquid that Glanzman extracts that is hitting that switch.” But Ryan added that different thinking about memory was badly needed: “In a field like this which is so full of accepted beliefs, we need as many new ideas as possible. This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have a huge amount of skepticism about it.” 43. Why were the sea hares given electrical shocks? A. To rob them of their memory. B. To see how they defend themselves. C. To break the connection between nerves. D. To make them sensitive to external stimulations. 44. What conclusion may Glanzman draw from the experiment? A. Memory can be encoded and changed by people. B. Only with strong stimulation can sea snails form reaction. C. The memory giving rise to sea snail’s sensitization is held in RNA. D. The sea snail’s defense is probably enabled by connectivity of brain cells. 45. According to the passage, the limitations of Glanzman’s experiment involve the following EXCEPT ________. A. The recipient sea snail’s response may require further confirmation. B. Variables (变量) in the experiments may not have remained the same. C. Something else other than RNA in the extract may lead to the recipient’s reaction. D. The sea snail “memory transplant” may not apply to more complex memory process. 46. The underlined word “skepticism” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. criticism B. doubt C. relief D. optimism Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Tea has become rooted in the British way of life, from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed— in a jacket and tie, of course. ____47____ Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug. But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup. She observes that the strongest brews of black tea— with the largest doses of flavour factors— are typically drunk by the working class. The flavor gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder. Milk and sweetener have their own codes. According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower-class indicator. ____48____ Other implications involve when and how milk is added, if any. Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong (正山小种红茶) with no sugar of milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class. Fox suggests. It’s as far as possible as one can get from sweet, strong, milky cups of no-nonsense ‘builder’s tea’. A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here. “____49____” You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it, thought obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything. A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it— the culture of it. Fox also observes that, alongside its chemical properties, tea is a social space-filler. Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events. ____50____ Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation, they cook tea. A. And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable. B. Thought regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary between cultures. C. The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities. D. Food choices are driven by one’s environment-the context. E. Tea making is the perfect replacement activity. F. Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent. An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 辩论赛虽然结束了，但我一点都没感到轻松。(far)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 53. 物理学家们正在研究两种他们希望可以带来变化的设计。(work) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 54. 许多读者认为这位被誉为五十年来最伟大的作家其实名不副实。(live) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 55. 最初的四年对我们来说异常煎熬，我们不断犯错，也不善于向他人求助。(turn) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为“The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade”的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括：(1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在；(2) 你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科1月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Children's Fine Motor Skills Using a fork to eat, zipping up a sweatshirt and turning a doorknob are all things most people do without thinking, but children spend their early years developing and refining these abilities. They are known as fine motor skills, ____1____ the small muscles of the hands with adequate strength, dexterity (灵巧) and coordination (协调) to grasp and control objects are used. It is firmly believed ____2____ later, fine motor skills do help children to succeed in school. ____3____ are also important in day-to-day life. ____4____ (watch) a baby use their uncoordinated arms and legs might be adorable, but these early reactions are practice for the fine motor skills they'll eventually develop. ____5____ Stephanie Reich, a professor of the University of California, toddlers need to increase the coordination of fine movements in the preschool years. ____6____ children grow older, these fine motor skills will improve and become more complex. For example, a 4-year-old may hold a crayon with their fist, using their whole hand to draw. But five-year-olds can start using a pencil between the first and middle fingers and thumb, as adults can. The elementary school years and beyond see ____7____ (advanced) fine motor skills, such as when children learn to tie shoes between 5 and 6 years old. At about age 7, ____8____ (improve) performance can be amazingly witnessed. However, every child develops at their own pace. If a single milestone, such as using eating utensils (餐具), ____9____ (delay), it isn't necessarily cause for concern. In fact, when working on fine motor skills in the classroom, short lessons provide the most benefit for learning,. Play-based learning is also one of the strategies that are preferred. Teachers may also use hand-eye coordination - the ability of a child's eyes ____10____ (control) their hands and fingers - to work with children to improve fine motor skills. Using computers, especially a keyboard and mouse, also helps younger children with fine motor skills. 【答案】1. where 2. that 3. They 4. Watching 5. According to 6. As 7. more advanced 8. improved 9. is delayed 10. to control 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解了儿童的精细运动技能，最初儿童可以做简单的动作，如拉拉链，用刀叉等，在接下来的时间里，慢慢的孩子可以在日常生活和学习中深化这些日常动作，提高这些精细的运动技能。 【1题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它们被称为精细运动技能，即手部的肌肉具有足够的力量、灵活性和协调性来抓握和控制物体并加以使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填连词来连接后面的从句，从句不缺少成分，用来修饰前面的“fine motor skills”，“fine motor skills”在从句中充当地点状语，需要用where。故填where。 【2题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：后来人们坚信，良好的运动技能确实有助于孩子在学校取得成功。句子中It作形式主语，真正的主语从句被后置，根据句意和句子结构可知，主语从句不缺少成分，句意完整，需要用that来引导。故填that。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：他们在日常生活中也很重要。由句子结构分析可知，句子缺少主语，指代上一句的“fine motor skills”，所以填代词，因其指代复数含义，需要用They，故填They。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看婴儿用他们不协调的胳膊和腿可能很可爱，但这些早期反应是为了练习他们最终发展的精细运动技能。分析句子结构，句子中动词是might be，所以空格处要用非谓语动词，watch和a baby之间是动宾关系，且表示伴随，需要用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Watching。 【5题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：根据加州大学的教授斯蒂芬妮 · 赖希所说，幼儿在学龄前需要增加细微动作的协调性。分析句子结构，句子成分完整。根据句意，句子意思残缺，固定搭配according to“根据”符合语境，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填According to。 【6题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：随着孩子们年龄的增长，这些精细的运动技能将得到提高，并变得更加复杂。分析句子结构，空格处应填连词来引导从句，从句不缺少成分，根据句意， 连词as“随着”符合语境，由as引导时间状语从句。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填As。 【7题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：小学及以后可以看到更进一步的精细运动技能，如当孩子5至6岁学会系鞋带。由“fine motor skills”可知，空格处应该填形容词，advanced是形容词“先进的，进一步的”，结合语境，对比上文讲述4岁和5岁小孩子可以做的事情，那么5岁至6岁，即小学以后可以看到更近一步的精细运动技能，因此要用形容词的比较级。故填more advanced。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在7岁的时候，我们可以惊奇地看到他们的表现有所提高。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词修饰主语“performance”，故填improved。 【9题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：如果一个单一的里程碑，比如使用餐具，被推迟，它不一定会引起关注。分析句子结构可知，if 引导的从句缺少动词，主语是“a single milestone”，与动词delay之间是被动关系，由语境可知，表示事实应该用一般现在时，所以空出要填一般现在时的被动语态。故填is delayed。 【10题详解】 考查不定式。句意：老师也可以利用手眼协调能力——孩子的眼睛，来控制他们的手和手指的能力——来帮助孩子提高精细的运动技能。分析句子结构可知，句中含有动词use，因此设空处应该用非谓语动词，根据句意老师可以使用手眼协调鞥能力去控制孩子的手和手指的能力，为目的状语，to control符合语境。故填to control。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. genuinely B. pocket C. mass-produced D. seemingly E. inspiration F. familiarize G. group H. encounter I. customary J. symbolic K. motivation A Deeper Meaning behind Souvenirs “Nobody sits us down and tells us to collect objects when we’re young,” writes Rolf Potts, “it’s just something we do, as a way to____11____ourselves with the world, its possibilities, and our place in it.” Few of us would call ourselves collectors, but most travelers ____12____a seashell from a vacation, or bring a keychain. As Mr. Potts notes in a book called “Souvenir,” there is more to this ____13____simple practice than meets the eye. For one thing, it can date back to the oldest described journeys, so it’s a____14____practice that goes back thousands of years. And academic researchers have classified souvenirs -- even____15____items like “I Love New York” T-shirts and plastic miniatures of Michelangelo’s David -- into various categories, likely unknown to many travelers. Which categories do the things we’ve bought or found in our travels fall into? Further, what’s ____16____behind our need to bring home souvenirs? Over time, intellectual curiosity became the driving____17____for personal travel. Yet even as travelers began collecting historical and scientific souvenirs, not just religious items, the things they brought home stood for feelings for holy objects. Scholars____18____these souvenirs into different buckets, including “markers” (location branded items like T-shirts and teacups), “pictorial images” (postcards and posters), and “____19____landmarks” (for example, Statue of Liberty key chains), with the latter two categories symbolizing, though not exclusive to, mass tourism. In the end, “Souvenir” suggests that its meaning is not fixed because its importance to the owner can change over time and that its significance is closely related to the traveler’s identity. Mr. Potts himself has had plenty of souvenirs, things that remind him not merely of the places he’s been and the extraordinary _____20_____between him and local people, but of former life phases. “When we collect souvenirs,” he writes, “we do so not to evaluate the world, but to tell the self.” 【答案】11. F 12. B 13. D 14. I 15. C 16. A 17. K 18. G 19. J 20. H 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主题是纪念品背后的深层含义。它的意义不是固定的，因为它对主人的重要性会随着时间的推移而改变，它的重要性与旅行者的身份密切相关。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：这只是我们做的事情，让我们自己熟悉这个世界，它的可能性，以及我们在其中的位置。分析句子，本句中涉及短语a way to do （一个做某事的方式），可知本空填动词原形。结合句意“让我们自己熟悉这个世界”可知familiarize（使…熟悉）符合句意。故选F项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们中很少有人会自称为收藏家，但大多数旅行者都会在度假时带上一个贝壳，或者带上钥匙链。分析句子结构，but连接转折关系的并列句。本句主语是most travelers，设空处为本句谓语动词。根据前面的“call”可知句子时态是一般现在时态。主语是复数形式，谓语动词为动词原形。“pocket”把…放进衣袋，符合语境。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查副词。句意：正如波茨先生在一本名为《纪念品》的书中所指出的那样，这种看似简单的做法远远不像人们初看到的那么简单。前面是As引导的定语从句，本句there be结构是主句，结合句意，这不仅仅是看似简单的做法。seemingly副词修饰形容词simple这个形容词作状语。故选D项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：首先，它可以追溯到最古老的旅程，因此这是一种可以追溯到几千年前的习惯做法。分析句子，so引导的句子中主语是it，be动词后面的名词practice（做法）是句子表语，设空处应填入形容词作定语修饰practice，结合句意“习惯做法”可知，customary（习惯的）符合语境。故选I项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：学术研究人员已经将纪念品——甚至是大规模生产的项目——比如“我爱纽约”T恤衫和米开朗基罗的大卫的塑料微缩画——分类为不同的类别，可能很多旅行者都不知道。分析句子，设空处后面的名词“items”（商品，项目）前面缺修饰词，根据句意“大规模生产的项目”可知mass-produced（大量生产的）符合语境。故选C项。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：此外，我们带纪念品回家的真正原因是什么？分析句子，本句是what引导的特殊疑问句，结合句意，设空处填genuinely（真正地）作状语修饰be动词。故选A项。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，好奇心成为个人旅行的动力。分析句子，intellectual curiosity是句子主语，此空在be动词之后作整个句子表语，driving（起推动作用的）作它的定语，结合句意“驱动力”，motivation（动机）符合语境。故选K项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：学者们将这些纪念品分成不同的桶，包括“标记”（T恤衫和茶杯等带有地点标志的物品）、“图像”（明信片和海报）和“象征性地标”（如自由女神像钥匙链），后两类虽然不是唯一的象征性地标，大众旅游。分析句子，本句主语是Scholars，此空作谓语，根据后面的““markers” “pictorial images” and “____ ____landmarks””可知这是纪念品的分类。group将…分类，符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。分析句子，此空后的“landmarks”和“markers”以及“pictorial images”并列作介词into的宾语，本空修饰landmarks作定语，结合句意“象征性地标”可知，symbolic（象征性的）符合语境。故选J项。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意；波茨先生自己也有很多纪念品，这些纪念品不仅让他想起他去过的地方和他与当地人之间不同寻常的邂逅，还让他想起以前的生活阶段。根据此空后面的“between him and local people,”，再结合句意“不同寻常的邂逅”，可知encounter（邂逅）符合语境。故选H项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. In recent weeks, a group of 15 wild elephants on a long, strange trip out of the jungles of far southwestern China have attracted millions of people across the country. Since the elephants left a wildlife reserve near China’s border with Laos and Myanmar last year, they have ____21____ steadily northward and have been wandering the suburbs of Kunming, a city of 8. 5 million residents. Millions have ____22____ to watch the elephants’ 300-mile journey on television and on internet live streams, or tracked their movements on social media. While ____23____ with the creatures, some increasingly see the elephants and their journey as a lesson on the risks of nature and a rapidly urbanizing China crashing into one another, especially as development ____24____. Videos of the ____25____ elephants, wandering down empty streets, breaking into a car dealership and in the case of one mother elephant using her trunk to lift her baby out of danger, have gone ____26____. Along the way, the elephants have broken into villagers’ homes, eaten their food, drank their water and destroyed their crops. All told, the group has now caused more than 400 separate incidents of damage, worth some $1. 1 million. ____27____, authorities have formed a government task force. They mobilized hundreds of people, and distributed drones with infrared (红外线的) capabilities to ____28____ them as they wander through China’s Yunnan province. To keep the elephants away from more densely populated villages, authorities have blocked roads with trucks. Local authorities have been experimenting with snacks to ____29____ the elephants, laying out corn, bananas and pineapples. The _____30_____ so far: The elephants like corn, while the pineapples have been largely ignored. The elephants have shown a continued interest in wooden buckets of alcohol. Some specialists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have assumed that a recent solar storm may have _____31_____ the creatures’ inner compass (指南针) and triggered (引发) a(n) _____32_____ to head north. Some scientists have theorized that the elephants are on the move because their _____33_____ has shrunk while their population has grown. In recent days, the _____34_____ obsession among the elephants’ new fans has given way to _____35_____ over the unintended consequences of China’s prosperity and economic development. “We’ve made a lot of money, but all these human activities have also caused a lot of trouble for the elephants,” says Mr. Liao, the truck driver, who says he has been inspired to pay more attention to wild animals and their habitats. 21. A. hunted B. located C. marched D. invaded 22. A. taken over B. tuned in C. got together D. showed up 23. A. fascinated B. concerned C. bored D. frightened 24. A. declines B. booms C. reverses D. settles 25. A. trembling B. imposing C. striking D. parading 26. A. global B. wrong C. viral D. crazy 27. A. In response B. In addition C. In turn D. In theory 28. A. capture B. tend C. surround D. track 29. A. trap B. raise C. steer D. tame 30. A. content B. contrast C. context D. consequence 31. A. abused B. detected C. awakened D. liberated 32. A. urge B. possibility C. memory D. permission 33. A. material B. value C. habitat D. size 34. A. consistent B. initial C. restricted D. separated 35. A. concern B. control C. quarrel D. reflection 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一群大象在中国西南部的丛林中进行了一次漫长而奇怪的旅行事件，吸引了全国数百万人，最终引发的反思。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从大象去年离开中国与老挝和缅甸边境附近的野生动物保护区以来，它们一直在向北稳步前进，并一直在昆明市郊区一个有着85万人口的徘徊。A. hunted狩猎；B. located定位；C. marched行进；D. invaded入侵。根据下文“have been wandering”可知，大象在不断地行进。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：数以百计的人已经收听在电视或直播中大象的300英里旅程，或是在社交媒体上追踪它们的踪迹。A. taken over接管；B. tuned in收听，开始了解；C. got together聚会；D. showed up出现。根据下文“to watch the…”可知，此处应表示的是人们对此的关注和了解。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然着迷于这种生灵，一些人逐渐地把大象和它们的旅程视为是自然风险的教训，以及快速城市化的中国相互碰撞，特别是随着经济的快速发展。A. fascinated着迷；B. concerned关心；C. bored无聊；D. frightened害怕。根据“ watch the elephants’ 300-mile journey on television and on internet live streams, or tracked their movements on social media.”可知，人们对大象以及它们的行迹着迷。且下文的“obsession among the elephants’ new fans”也是提示。故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然着迷于生物，一些人逐渐地把大象和它们的旅程视为是自然风险的教训，以及快速城市化的中国相互碰撞，特别是随着发展繁荣。 A. declines下降，拒绝；B. booms繁荣，激增，迅速发展；C. reverses使反转；D. settles定居。根据上文“especially as development _4_. ”可知，快速城市化的中国应是经济的快速发展。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大象游行的视频——在空荡荡的街道上徘徊，闯入一家汽车经销商，以及一头母象用她的鼻子将她的孩子从危险中抬起的情况下——走红了。A. trembling颤抖；B. imposing强加；C. striking罢工；D. parading游行。根据上文“have been wandering”可知，此处指大象行进的视频。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大象游行的视频——在空荡荡的街道上徘徊，闯入一家汽车经销商，以及一头母象用她的鼻子将她的孩子从危险中抬起的情况下——走红了。A. global全球的；B. wrong错误的；C. viral病毒性的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据“Millions have 　　　2　　　　 to watch the elephants’ 300-mile journey on television and on internet live streams, or tracked their movements on social media.”可知，大象的视频在网络和恶电视上走红了，go viral“走红”。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为回应，当局已经成立了一个政府特别工作组。A. In response回复，回应；B. In addition此外；C. In turn轮流；D. In theory理论上。根据下文“authorities have formed a government task force.”可知，当局已经做出相应措施，以给予回应。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它们在中国云南省游荡时，动员了数百人，并分发了具有红外线能力的无人机去跟踪它们。A. capture捕获；B. tend倾向于；C. surround环绕；D. track跟踪。根据上文“distributed drones with infrared(红外线的)capabilities”可知，使用无人机用来跟踪大象的足迹。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：地方当局一直在做实验用零食引导大象，摆放玉米，香蕉和菠萝。A. trap陷阱；B. raise提升；C. steer控制，引导；D. tame驯服。根据句意可知，为使大象不对人们造成影响，地方当局用食物来引导大象远离村庄。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当目前为止，结果是：大象喜欢玉米，而菠萝在很大程度上被忽视了。A. content内容；B. contrast对比；C. context上下文；D. consequence后果。根据上文“Local authorities have been experimenting with snacks to ____9____ the elephants, laying out corn, bananas and pineapples.”及下文“The elephants like corn, while the pineapples have been largely ignored.”可知，通过实验引导大象得出的结果是，大象喜欢玉米，菠萝在很大程度上被忽视了。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国科学院的一些专家认为，最近的一场太阳风暴可能唤醒生物内部指南针并且触发向北走的冲动。A. abused滥用；B. detected检测；C. awakened唤醒；D. liberated解放。根据下文 “may have __11___和triggered （引发）”可知，应形成并列关系，用“唤醒”符合语境。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国科学院的一些专家认为，最近的一场太阳风暴可能唤醒生物内部指南针并且触发向北走的冲动。A. urge欲望，冲动；B. possibility可能性；C. memory记忆；D. permission允许。根据“the creatures’ inner compass”可知，科学家猜测这次大象集体出走，是因为大象身体内部的冲动被唤醒。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些科学家已经从理论上说明，大象在移动是因为它们的栖息地在缩小，尽管它们的数量已经增长。A. material材料；B. value价值；C. habitat栖息地；D. size大小。根据常识和下文“their ____13____ has shrunk”可知，是大象的栖息地在缩小。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近几天，大象新粉丝最初的痴迷已经让位于对中国繁荣和经济发展的意外后果的反思。A. consistent一致的，始终如一的；B. initial最初的，开始的；C. restricted有限的，受控制的；D. separated分开的。根据下文“has given way to”可知，由粉丝最初的痴迷已经逐渐退去。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近几天，大象新粉丝最初的痴迷已经让位于对中国繁荣和经济发展的意外后果的反思。A. concern关心，担忧；B. control控制；C. quarrel争吵；D. reflection反思。根据下文“unintended consequences of China’s prosperity and economic development.”可知，由粉丝最初的痴迷已经让位于反思。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） It was one of the most destructive days in the history of our planet, and now we know how it played out. Scientists have pieced together the first day of the dinosaurs’ extinction, by drilling into the crater(火山口)that formed from the asteroid(小行星)that caused their downfall. The asteroid, which led to the extinction of all dinosaurs that can’t fly, crashed into the Gulf of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula some 66 million years ago. In 2016, a scientific drilling project by the International Ocean Discovery Program got rocks from the impact site, which has been underwater for a long time. Now, scientists have analysed these rocks to travel back in time to that particular day itself. “It’s an expanded record of events that we were able to recover from within ground zero,” said Dr Sean Gulick, a geophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin and leader of this study. “It tells us about impact processes from an eyewitness location.” In just 24 hours following the impact, a layer of material 130m thick was deposited. This include charcoal, which provides evidence for the intense wildfires that are thought to have been caused by the crash. Meanwhile, the impact also led to a huge tsunami, an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake, as evidenced by layers of rocks and sand in the core samples, which appear to have been deposited by flooding waters. One thing conspicuously missing from the samples, though, is the element of sulphur(硫磺). Although the surrounding area is full of sulphur-rich rocks, the crater is unusually sulphur-free. This supports the idea that the asteroid impact instantly vaporised sulphurous rocks, releasing the sulphur into the atmosphere, where it remained and reflected away the Sun’s light, cooling the Earth’s climate. Although the impact had destructive effects on a regional level, it’s this large-scale global cooling that’s thought to be behind the dinosaurs’ eventual extinction, as well as that of countless other plant and animal species. “The real killer has got to be atmospheric,” said Gulick. “The only way you get a global mass extinction like this is an atmospheric effect.” 36. Dr Sean Gulick is quoted in paragraph 3 in order to ______. A. stress the impact of the crash B. illustrate the significance of their study C. explain what they did in their study D. state the reason for dinosaurs’ death 37. The word “conspicuously”(in paragraph 6)is closest in meaning to“______”. A. obviously B. restlessly C. occasionally D. potentially 38. Which of the following is a cause of the dramatic drop in temperature mentioned in the passage? A. The tsunami. B. The wildfires. C. The vapourised sulphur. D. The deposit of rocks. 39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Touching on the dinosaur’s time B. Drilling into the day the dinosaurs died C. Why we need to study the atmospheric effect D. What we should know about the history of our planet 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项科学研究表明导致恐龙灭绝的原因是小行星撞击地球后引起的大气变化。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段Sean Gulick博士所说的话“It’s an expanded record of events that we were able to recover from within ground zero(这是一个我们可以从撞击地收集的延伸记录)”及“It tells us about impact processes from an eyewitness location.(它从目击者的角度告诉我们撞击的过程)”可知，Sean Gulick博士在介绍这一研究的意义。故选B。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第六段第二句“Although the surrounding area is full of sulphur-rich rocks, the crater is unusually sulphur-free.(尽管周围地区布满了富含硫磺的岩石，但火山口却不含硫)”可知，在火山口采集的样品里的没有硫，进而前一句是在表达样品里的硫元素明显全部消失了。因而可知“conspicuously”表示“明显地”，与“obviously”意思相近。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“This supports the idea that the asteroid impact instantly vaporised sulphurous rocks, releasing the sulphur into the atmosphere, where it remained and reflected away the Sun’s light, cooling the Earth’s climate.(这支持了这样一种观点，即小行星撞击会使含硫岩石瞬间蒸发，将硫释放到大气中，并留在大气中反射太阳光，从而冷却地球气候)”可知，地表温度下降的原因是硫的蒸发。故选C。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Scientists have pieced together the first day of the dinosaurs’ extinction, by drilling into the crater that formed from the asteroid that caused their downfall.(科学家们通过钻入导致恐龙灭绝的小行星形成的陨石坑，拼凑出恐龙灭绝的第一天) ”结合本文主要内容可知，全文围绕 “科学家通过钻探小行星撞击形成的火山口，拼凑出恐龙灭绝第一天的细节” 展开，核心是 “钻探” 与 “恐龙灭绝当天的事件”。“Touching on the dinosaur’s time”（触及恐龙时代）范围过广；“Why we need to study the atmospheric effect”（为何研究大气影响）仅为部分内容；“What we should know about the history of our planet”（关于地球历史应知道的事）过于宽泛。只有 “Drilling into the day the dinosaurs died” 精准概括了文章核心。B项“Drilling into the day the dinosaurs died(探索恐龙灭绝的那一天)”适合做本文标题。故选B。 （B） (You may read the questions first.) Book 1 In Factfulness, Professor Hans Roslingasks simple questions like ‘How many girls finish school?’ and ‘What percentage of the world’s population is poor?’ It turns out that the majority of us get the answers to these questions completely wrong. Why does this happen? Factfulness sets out to explain why, showing that there are several instincts humans have that distort (扭曲) our perspective. Yes, there are real concerns. But we should adopt a mindset of factfulness – only carrying opinions that are supported by strong facts. This book focuses on our instinctive biases (偏见), offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world. Book 2 Are things getting worse every day? Is progress an impossible goal? In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news. We are living longer, healthier, freer and happier lives. Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data. In 75 surprising graphs, we see that safety, peace, knowledge and health are getting better all over the world. Economic inequality, he claims, is not really a problem, because it is not actually that important for human well-being. Book 3 For more than two hundred years those who hold negative thoughts have been winning the public debate. They tell us that things are getting worse. But as a matter of fact, life is getting better. Income, food availability and lifespan are rising; disease, violence and child mortality are falling. Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization. This bold book looks at the entirety of human history – from the Stone Age to the 21st century – and changes the concept that it’s all going downhill. Book 4 The majority of people believe that developing countries are in a terrible situation: suffering from incredible poverty and wars. The reality is that a great transformation is occurring. Over the past 20 years, more than 700 million people have increased their income and come out of poverty. This is happening across developing countries around the world. The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries. In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process. 40. What is the common feature of the four books? A. They focus on the present situations concerning developing countries. B. They emphasize the importance of dealing with problems in poor countries. C. They try to direct readers to a positive path in terms of human development. D. They appeal to show more sympathy and understanding for poor countries. 41. Which author supports his arguments by providing factual evidence? A. Hans Roslingasks B. Steven Pinker C. Matt Ridley D. Stevens Radelet 42. Which of the following can be a possible title for Book 3? A. The Rational Optimist B. Human History: Where Are We C. A Public Debate D. Out of Poverty: What and How 【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A 【解析】 【分析】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了四本关于人类发展的书籍。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据Book 1关键句“This book focuses on our instinctive biases, offering practical advice to help us see the good as well as the bad in the world.”（这本书专注于我们的本能偏见，提供实用的建议，帮助我们看清世界上的好与坏。）；Book 2关键句“In Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker looks at the big picture of human progress and finds good news.”（在《当下启蒙》一书中，史蒂文·平克着眼于人类进步的大图景，并发现了好消息。）；Book 3关键句 “Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well.”（畅销作家马特·里德利不仅解释了事情是如何变得更好的；他也给了我们原因。）及Book 4关键句“The end of the Cold War, the development of new technologies and brave new leadership have helped to improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people in poor countries.In his book The Great Surge, Stevens Radelet describes how all of this is happening and, more importantly, it shows us how we can speed up the process.”（冷战的结束、新技术的发展和勇敢的新领导人帮助改善了贫困国家数亿人的生活。在他的著作《大浪潮》中，史蒂文斯·拉德雷描述了这一切是如何发生的，更重要的是，它向我们展示了如何加快这一进程。）可知，四本书的共同特征是它们都试图将读者引导到人类发展的积极道路上。故选C项。 2.细节理解题。根据Book 2关键句“Pinker asks us to stop paying so much attention to negative headlines and news that declares the end of the world. Instead, he shows us some carefully selected data.”（平克要求我们停止对那些宣称世界末日的负面头条和新闻关注太多。相反，他向我们展示了一些精心挑选的数据。）可知，Steven Pinker通过提供事实证据来支持他的论点。故选B项。 3.主旨大意题。根据Book 3关键句“But as a matter of fact, life is getting better.”（但事实上，生活越来越好了。）及“Best-selling author Matt Ridley doesn’t only explain how things are getting better; he gives us reasons why as well. He shows us how human culture evolves in a positive direction thanks to the exchange of ideas and specialization.”（畅销作家马特·里德利不仅解释了事情是如何变得更好的 ；他也给了我们原因。 他向我们展示了人类文化如何通过思想交流和专业化向积极的方向发展。）及本段内容可知，畅销作家马特·里德利通过展示人类积极发展的真相，否定了消极的思想。“The Rational Optimist”（理性乐观主义者）符合本书主旨，可以作为书名。故选A项。 （C） Science may never know what memories play on the mind of the California sea hare, a foot-long marine snail, when it eats algae — a sea plant — in the tide pools of the Pacific coast. But in a new study, researchers claim to have made headway in understanding the simplest kind of memory a creature might form. David Glanzman, a neurobiologist at the University of California, believes the kinds of memories that trigger a defensive reaction in the snail are encoded not in the connections between brain cells, as many scientists would argue, but in RNA molecules (分子) that form part of an organism’s genetic machinery. In an experiment to test the idea, Glanzman implanted wire into the tails of California sea hares, and gave them a series of electrical shocks. The procedure sensitized the animals so that when they were prodded (戳) in a fleshy spout called a siphon, they contracted their gills (鳃状呼吸器官) in a strong defensive action. After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman extracted RNA from the animals and injected it into other sea snails to see what happened. He found the recipient sea snails became sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. When Glanzman repeated the experiment with RNA from sea snails that had been hooked up to wires but not shocked, the reaction behavior did not transfer. Despite the result, the work has not found widespread acceptance. “Obviously further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these changes can happen without failure in a wide range of conditions,” said Prof Sherilynn Vann, who studies memory at Cardiff University. “While the sea hare is a fantastic model for studying basic neuroscience, we must be very cautious in drawing comparisons to human memory processes.” Tomas Ryan, who studies memory at Trinity College Dublin, is firmly unconvinced. “It’s interesting, but I don’t think they’ve transferred a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of switch in the animal and there is something in the liquid that Glanzman extracts that is hitting that switch.” But Ryan added that different thinking about memory was badly needed: “In a field like this which is so full of accepted beliefs, we need as many new ideas as possible. This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have a huge amount of skepticism about it.” 43. Why were the sea hares given electrical shocks? A. To rob them of their memory. B. To see how they defend themselves. C. To break the connection between nerves. D. To make them sensitive to external stimulations. 44. What conclusion may Glanzman draw from the experiment? A. Memory can be encoded and changed by people. B. Only with strong stimulation can sea snails form reaction. C. The memory giving rise to sea snail’s sensitization is held in RNA. D. The sea snail’s defense is probably enabled by connectivity of brain cells. 45. According to the passage, the limitations of Glanzman’s experiment involve the following EXCEPT ________. A. The recipient sea snail’s response may require further confirmation. B. Variables (变量) in the experiments may not have remained the same. C. Something else other than RNA in the extract may lead to the recipient’s reaction. D. The sea snail “memory transplant” may not apply to more complex memory process. 46. The underlined word “skepticism” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________. A. criticism B. doubt C. relief D. optimism 【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍加利福尼亚大学神经生物学家David Glanzman的实验证明，蜗牛的防御反应的各种记忆是通过形成生物体遗传机制的核糖核酸分子决定的。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“David Glanzman, a neurobiologist at the University of California, believes the kinds of memories that trigger a defensive reaction in the snail are encoded not in the connections between brain cells, as many scientists would argue, but in RNA molecules (分子) that form part of an organism’s genetic machinery.”（加利福尼亚大学神经生物学家David Glanzman相信，引发蜗牛的防御反应的各种记忆被编成密码，不是像许多科学家争论的那样的在大脑细胞间的联系，而是在形成生物体的遗传机制的核糖核酸分子。）和第四段“In an experiment to test the idea, Glanzman implanted wire into the tails of California sea hares, and gave them a series of electrical shocks.”（在为了测试这个想法的实验中，Glanzman在加利福尼亚海兔的尾巴上植入了电线，并且给他们一系列的电击。）可知，科学家们给海兔电击，目的是为了让它们对外界的刺激敏感。故选D。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman extracted RNA from the animals and injected it into other sea snails to see what happened. He found the recipient sea snails became sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted.”（在刺激了那些海兔之后，Glanzman从这些动物身上萃取了核糖核酸，并且把它注射到其它的海兔体内去看看会发生什么。他发现那些接受者海兔变得敏感了，表明那些电击的“记忆”被移植了。）可知，Glanzman从实验中得到的结论是，海兔的记忆是通过核糖核酸移植的。故选C。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Despite the result, the work has not found widespread acceptance. “Obviously further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these changes can happen without failure in a wide range of conditions,””（尽管有了这个结果，但是却没有发现可普及的接受性。“很明显，进一步的工作需要被做去检查这些改变是否会发生而不会有在更广泛的条件下的失败。”）可知，如果实验环境和条件发生了变化，不知道结果会不会还一样。故选B。 【46题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“But Ryan added that different thinking about memory was badly needed: “In a field like this which is so full of accepted beliefs, we need as many new ideas as possible. This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have a huge amount of skepticism about it.””（但是Ryan补充说，关于记忆的不同观点是急迫需要的：“在这样一个已经被广泛接受理念的领域里，我们还需要尽可能多的新的想法。这项工作引领着我们沿着一条有趣的道路前行，但是我还有大量的疑问。”）可知，在这句话里，作者倡导大家要有新的想法和观点，言外之意，就是对目前的结果还有疑惑。所以，“skepticism”的意思应该是“疑问，疑惑”。故选B。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Tea has become rooted in the British way of life, from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed— in a jacket and tie, of course. ____47____ Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug. But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup. She observes that the strongest brews of black tea— with the largest doses of flavour factors— are typically drunk by the working class. The flavor gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder. Milk and sweetener have their own codes. According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower-class indicator. ____48____ Other implications involve when and how milk is added, if any. Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong (正山小种红茶) with no sugar of milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class. Fox suggests. It’s as far as possible as one can get from sweet, strong, milky cups of no-nonsense ‘builder’s tea’. A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here. “____49____” You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it, thought obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything. A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it— the culture of it. Fox also observes that, alongside its chemical properties, tea is a social space-filler. Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events. ____50____ Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation, they cook tea. A. And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable. B. Thought regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary between cultures. C. The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities. D. Food choices are driven by one’s environment-the context. E. Tea making is the perfect replacement activity. F. Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise. 【答案】47. A 48. F 49. D 50. E 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了开水泡茶可以降低患胃病的可能性、每当英国人沏茶时，都会传递出几个明确的信息以及茶是一个社交空间填充。许多无意义的时刻可以被茶和相关的活动所占据。 【47题详解】 根据后句“Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.”（例如，开水泡茶可以降低你患胃病的可能性。）A项：And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.（人们可以想出很多理论来解释为什么现在的泡茶和饮茶习惯是不可避免的。）后句承接上句，说明泡茶和饮茶可以降低患胃病的可能性，泡茶和饮茶是不可避免的。故选A。 【48题详解】 根据上句“According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower-class indicator. ”（根据她的说法，在英国，在茶里放糖被很多人认为是下层阶级的标志。）F项：Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.（即使是一勺也有点可疑，除非其他细节清楚地表明并非如此。）承接上句,“even”(甚至)承接上句并做进一步说明；“one spoonful”此处指代上句one spoonful “sugar ”话题一致。故选F。 【49题详解】 根据后句“ A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it— the culture of it.”（一种食物或饮料在你的生活中真正重要可能是因为它的周围的一切，它的文化）D项：Food choices are driven by one’s environment-the context.（人们对食物的选择取决于所处的环境——环境。）和后句“food”原词重现。故选D。 【50题详解】 根据上句“Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events.”（许多无意义的时刻可以被茶和相关的活动所占据）E项：Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.（泡茶是完美的替代活动。）上句的“tea and its related events.”（被茶和相关的活动）指代E项中的“tea making”(泡茶)；E项承接上句，过渡自然。故选E。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Seniority in Promotion Is Not a Wise Business Practice It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. In the past promoting an employee has been popularly handled by means of basic analysis of the employees' past performance nod seniority, In some cases, the individual's performance has been considered more important while in others the amount of time they have been with the company has been the deciding factor. Nevertheless, seniority is a standard that has never been left out, However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innovative and creative talents are sought by many companies in order to adapt to the market. To meet their needs, companies have more to gain by selecting outside employees since they are more willing to try new techniques and less afraid of breaking tradition when introducing new ideas. Thus, rather than promoting existing employees, it might be a wiser management decision to bring in outside talent. An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. Simply put no matter how long they have been with the company, employees have to contribute diligently to the organization if they want to move up the career ladder, As soon as people realize that the company could just as easily bring in a new person, employees will stop judging themselves against each other because they are no longer competing against their colleagues but everyone in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin to show more effort to bring the level of their work up to what they imagine is a much higher standard. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Nowadays, more companies prefer to select outside employees in promotion instead of considering employees' past performance and seniority mainly for two reasons/advantages. One is that outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. The other is that it stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees' work level. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去，公司提拔员工是通过对员工过去的表现和资历的分析。然而，在当代的商业世界，为了适应市场的变化，为了满足他们的需要，公司更愿意选择并提拔外部员工。他们更愿意引入新思路和新技术，也不害怕打破传统。因此，与提拔现有员工相比，从外部引进员工可能是一个更明智的管理决策。 【详解】1 要点摘录①It's not always an easy decision for companies when it comes to filling managerial spots. ②However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. ③Unlike experienced employees who have been with the company for a long time, new people are mare likely generate creative ideas. ④An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句In the contemporary business world, there is no need to consider employee’s seniority. The most important things for a company are innovative and creative talents . Outside employees are more likely to produce creative ideas, which helps companies adapt to the market. It stops employees thinking their seniority guarantees a promotion, which helps enhancing employees' work level. 【点睛】[高分句型1] However, in the contemporary business world, the importance of seniority in promotion is being destroyed as a growing number of companies look outside of their organizations when trying to fill top managerial spots. 运用一个复杂的主从复食句承接上文，引出下文。as引导原因状语从句。however 表示转折，引出文章主旨。 [高分句型2]：An additional advantage to this new system is that it prevents employees from feeling that they only need to wait for their seniority to provide them with a promotion.用that引导的表语从句写出了公司用外部员工的另一个理由。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 辩论赛虽然结束了，但我一点都没感到轻松。(far)(汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I am far from relaxed although the debate competition is over. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“我”应用I，作主语；表示“远非、一点都不”应用固定搭配far from ；表示“感到轻松”应用relaxed；although“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；表示“辩论赛”应用the debate competition，作从句主语；表示“结束了”应用is over，作系表结构，全文时态用一般现在时表客观事实。 53. 物理学家们正在研究两种他们希望可以带来变化的设计。(work) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The physicists are working on two designs that they hope will make a difference. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“物理学家们”应用The physicists，作主语；表示“正在研究”应用be working on，用现在进行时强调动作正在发生；表示“两种设计”应用two designs，作宾语；that引导定语从句修饰先行词designs；表示“他们希望”用they hope，为从句中的插入语；表示“可以带来变化”应用will make a difference。 54. 许多读者认为这位被誉为五十年来最伟大的作家其实名不副实。(live) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many readers think that the writer, who is praised as the greatest one in the past five decades, doesn’t live up to his reputation. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“许多读者”应用Many readers，作主句主语；表示“认为”应用think，作主句谓语，时态用一般现在时表客观事实；that引导宾语从句；表示“这位被誉为五十年来最伟大的作家”应用the writer, who is praised as the greatest one in the past five decades，who引导非限制性定语从句修饰the writer；表示“名不副实”应用doesn’t live up to his reputation，作从句谓语，其中live up to one’s reputation为固定搭配，表示“名副其实”。 55. 最初的四年对我们来说异常煎熬，我们不断犯错，也不善于向他人求助。(turn) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The first four years were extremely hard for us, as we kept making mistakes and were not good at turning to others. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“最初的四年”应用The first four years，作主语；表示“对我们来说异常煎熬”应用be extremely hard for us，作系表结构，时态用一般过去时表过去情况；as引导原因状语从句；表示“我们”应用we，作从句主语；表示“不断犯错”应用kept making mistakes；and并列谓语；表示“不善于向他人求助”应用were not good at turning to others，其中固定搭配turn to sb. “向某人求助”。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一份英语杂志上读到一篇题为“The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade”的文章。你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封信给该杂志读者来信专栏，内容须包括：(1) 你认为十年内哪类工作将不复存在；(2) 你的理由。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Dear Editor, I recently read an article in your magazine titled “The jobs that will no longer exist in a decade” and found it interesting. Please allow me to share my views. I believe jobs related to traditional print media might vanish within the next ten years. Technology is advancing rapidly, and digital platforms are widely used, leading to a decline in demand for physical newspapers and magazines. As more readers switch to online news sources and digital publications, the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may decrease significantly. Moreover, automation and artificial intelligence threaten jobs involving repetitive tasks. Positions like manual data entry, basic accounting, or some customer service roles could be replaced by intelligent machines. Technological advancements enable algorithms and automated systems to perform these tasks more efficiently, reducing human involvement. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】题目要求学生以李明的身份，给一份英语杂志的读者来信专栏写一封信，谈谈自己对“十年内不复存在的工作”的想法，并说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 有趣的：interesting→absorbing, engrossing, intriguing 威胁：threaten→endanger, put sth. at risk 取代：replace→substitute, take over 减少：decrease→reduce 2. 句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Technology is advancing rapidly, and digital platforms are widely used, leading to a decline in demand for physical newspapers and magazines. 拓展句：With technology advancing rapidly and digital platforms widely used, the demand for physical newspapers and magazines is declining. 【点睛】[高分句型1] As more readers switch to online news sources and digital publications, the need for print journalists, typesetters, and printing press operators may decrease significantly. (运用了As引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Technological advancements enable algorithms and automated systems to perform these tasks more efficiently, reducing human involvement. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $