Unit 5 Play by the rules（知识清单）英语新教材外研版八年级上册
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Unit 5 Play by the rules
主
题
场
景
分
类
词
汇
一、规则与标志
1. ________ n. 法则，法令（________________________ 人人都必须遵守法律。）
2. ________ n. 律师（________________________ 我的叔叔是一名律师。）
3. ________ n. 标记；指示牌，标牌（________________________ 十字路口有一个停车指示牌。）
4. ________ n. 原因，起因（________________________ 我们应该找出火灾的原因。）
5. ________ n. 责任（________________________ 保持房间整洁是我们的责任。）
二、公共场所与交通
1. ________ n. 座，座位（________________________ 请坐下稍等片刻。）
2. ________ n. 腰带，皮带（________________________ 他系着一条黑色皮带。）
3. ________ n. 安全带（________________________ 在车里请系好安全带。）
4. ________ n. 车站（________________________ 我会在公交车站和你见面。）
5. ________ n. 乘客，旅客（________________________ 那位乘客正在等火车。）
6. ________ n. 花盆（________________________ 那个花盆碎了。）
7. ________ 捡起（________________________ 请把地上的纸捡起来。）
8. ________ prep. 在……的对面（________________________ 银行在学校的对面。）
三、行为与责任
1. ________ v. 表现（________________________ 你应该在课堂上表现好。）
2. ________ n. 诚实，正直；坦诚（________________________ 诚实为上策。）
3. ________ n. 蠢人，傻子，笨蛋（________________________ 不要出自己的洋相。）
4. ________ v. 欺诈，欺骗（________________________ 考试作弊是不对的。）
5. ________ v. 信任，信赖，相信（________________________ 我信任我最好的朋友。）
6. ________ n. 敌人（________________________ 我们应该交朋友，而不是树敌。）
7. ________ v. 传播（________________________ 不要传播这个坏消息。）
四、安全与意识
1. ________ adj. 注意到的，察觉到的（________________________ 我们应该意识到危险。）
2. ________ adj. 不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的（________________________ 他做作业时很粗心。）
3. ________ adj. 紧急的，急迫的（________________________ 这是一条紧急消息。）
4. ________ v. 避免（________________________ 我们应该避免弄得一团糟。）
5. ________ v. 限制，限定（________________________ 父母应该限制玩游戏的时间。）
6. ________ v. 减少；缩小；降低（________________________ 我们必须减少图书馆里的噪声。）
五、网络与陌生人
1. ________ n. 公民；市民，城镇居民（________________________ 作为一名好公民，我们应该遵守规则。）
2. ________ n. 网络霸凌（欺凌）（________________________ 我们必须对网络霸凌说不。）
3. ________ n. 点击（鼠标）（________________________ 一次点击就能分享这张照片。）
4. ________ adj. 基础的，基本的，根本的（________________________ 我们应该学习网络的基本规则。）
5. ________ adj. 个人的，私人的（________________________ 不要告诉陌生人你的个人信息。）
6. ________ adj. 个人的，秘密的（________________________ 保管好你的密码，不要泄露。）
7. ________ n. 地址（________________________ 永远不要把家庭地址告诉别人。）
8. ________ n. 护照（________________________ 旅行时带上你的护照。）
六、物品与其他
1. ________ n. 喉咙，咽喉（________________________ 他说话前清了清嗓子。）
2. ________ n. 脏乱；凌乱（________________________ 请把这一团糟清理干净。）
3. ________ n. 噪声；嘈杂声（________________________ 图书馆里不要喧哗。）
4. ________ n. 小包，小盒，小袋（________________________ 她买了一小包糖果。）
5. ________ n. 野餐（________________________ 我们在公园里野餐。）
6. ________ adj. 有臭味的（________________________ 这有臭味的食物让我恶心。）
7. ________ n. 干酪，奶酪（________________________ 我不喜欢奶酪。）
8. ________ v. 踢（________________________ 不要在房间里踢球。）
9. ________ pron. 任何事物都（没有）（________________________ 我在盒子里什么也没看见。）
短
语
一、动词短语
1. ________ 违反规则（________________________ 你不应该违反校规。）
2. ________ 遵守规则（________________________ 为保安全必须遵守规则。）
3. ________ 照顾，照料（________________________ 我们应爱护公物。）
4. ________ 捡起（________________________ 请把地上的垃圾捡起来。）
5. ________ 清理杂物（________________________ 我们一起把杂乱清理干净吧。）
6. ________ 上车（________________________ 请大家依次上车。）
二、介词短语
1. ________ 惊讶地（________________________ 她惊讶地看着我。）
2. ________ 在某人心里（________________________ 这条规则一直留在我心里。）
3. ________ 在路上/在街上（________________________ 别在马路上玩耍。）
4. ________ 在车站（________________________ 我们在汽车站碰面。）
三、名词短语
1. ________ 安全带（________________________ 请系好安全带。）
2. ________ 公共场所（________________________ 公共场所禁止吸烟。）
3. ________ 深呼吸（________________________ 深呼吸，放松一下。）
实
用
交
际
句
型
三、实用交际套句型
一、表达规则与禁止
1. ________（你必须……）________________________（你必须系安全带。）
2. ________（你禁止……）________________________（这里禁止吸烟。）
3. ________（你（不）应该……）________________________（在图书馆你应保持安静。）
4. ________（不要……）________________________（不要在走廊里奔跑。）
二、描述行为与后果
1. ________（如果违反规则，……）________________________（如果违反规则，你可能会受伤。）
2. ________（……是某人的责任）________________________（保持环境整洁是我们的责任。）
3. ________（遵守规则并……）________________________（遵守规则就能平安。）
三、表达提醒与感受
1. ________（多么让人震惊！）
2. ________（提醒某人……）________________________（这个故事提醒我们规则保障安全。）
3. ________（意识到……）________________________（警惕网上的陌生人。）
语法
动词不定式作目的状语
写作
遵守规则（校规、家规、交通规则或网络安全规则）的经历、看法与倡议。
一、知识点精讲
1. remind v. 提醒；使想起
【句型】
①remind sb. of sth. 使某人记起某事
I like these photos and they can remind me of the life living in the countryside. 我喜欢这些照片，它们能让我想起农村的生活。
②remind sb.（not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不）去做某事。
例：Please remind me to turn off the light. 请提醒我关灯。
③ remind sb. + that从句
例：It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily. 它提醒我们，战争是可怕的，和平来之不易
2. seat 与 sit 辨析
①seat 名词：意为“座，座位”，常见搭配 take a seat（坐下）
例：The plane has 200 seats, including 12 in first class.（这架飞机有200个座位，其中12个在头等舱。）
②sit 动词：意为“坐下，就座”，常见搭配 sit down（坐下）
例：The teacher asked the students to sit down before starting the lesson.（老师在开始上课前让学生们坐下。）
3. aware 的用法
aware 形容词：意为“注意到的；察觉到的”。
①be aware of + 名词/动名词
例：Are you aware of the new rules?（你知道新的规章吗？）
②be/become aware that + 从句
例：She became aware that someone was following her.（她察觉到有人在跟踪她。）
【拓展】：aware + -ness → awareness（n. 意识；了解）。
例：The activity helps people raise the awareness of protecting the environment.（这个活动帮助人们提升保护环境的意识。）
4. noise 的用法
①noise 名词：意为“噪声；嘈杂声”，make a noise/noises 制造噪声；形容词 noisy（吵闹的）。
例：Don't be noisy!（别吵！）
拓展 noise / voice / sound 辨析：
②noise：不悦耳、令人烦躁的嘈杂声，可作可数或不可数名词。
例：The noise of traffic kept him awake.（交通的噪声让他睡不着。）
③voice：人发出的声音（说话、唱歌、笑等）。
例：She has a beautiful voice.（她有着美妙的嗓音。）
④sound：泛指人能听到的各种声音。
例：Light travels faster than sound.（光比声音传播得快。）
5. sign 的用法
【作名词】
①记号；符号（The plus sign is a mathematical symbol. 加号是一个数学符号。）
②指示牌（There is a stop sign at the crossing. 十字路口有一个停车指示牌。）
③迹象；征兆（Dark clouds are a sign of rain. 乌云是下雨的征兆。）
④手势（He gave me a sign to show that he was ready to leave. 他给我做了个手势示意准备离开。）
【作动词】
①示意；打手势（He signed to me to come over. 他示意我过去。）
②签（名）；签署（Please sign your name on the paper. 请在这张纸上签上你的名字。）
6. mess 的用法
①mess 名词：意为“脏乱；凌乱”，make a mess of sth. 把某事搞砸；in a mess 一团糟。
The project is in a mess because no one is organising it properly.（这个项目一团糟，因为没人妥善安排。）
②mess 动词：意为“弄乱；弄脏”，mess up sth. 把……搞砸/弄乱。
The rain messed up our plans for a picnic in the park.（下雨打乱了我们去公园野餐的计划。）
7. care 及相关词汇
① care 名词：小心；照料；护理。
The baby needs a lot of care.（这个婴儿需要悉心照料。）
② care 动词：关心；在意。
He doesn't care what other people think of him.（他不在乎别人怎么看他。）
③ careful 形容词：小心的；仔细的。
Be careful when crossing the road.（过马路时要小心。）
④ careless 形容词：不小心的；粗心的。
The careless student made many spelling mistakes.（那个粗心的学生犯了很多拼写错误。）
⑤ carefully 副词：小心地；仔细地。
She listened carefully to what the teacher said.（她仔细地听老师讲的话。）
⑥ carelessly 副词：粗心地；草率地。
He threw the book carelessly on the desk and left.（他把书随意地扔在桌上就离开了。）
8. spread 的用法
① 作名词：蔓延，传播。
The spread of the disease has been controlled.（疾病的传播已经得到了控制。）
② 作动词：传播，展开。
You can spread joy and happiness with a bright smile.（你可以用灿烂的微笑传播快乐和幸福。）
The bird spread its wings and was ready for flight.（鸟儿展开翅膀准备飞翔。）
二、核心语法精讲
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式（to ＋ 动词原形）在句中可以作目的状语，表示"做某事是为了……"，用来回答 Why?（为什么） 的问题。
一、基本形式：to do
不定式直接放在谓语动词之后，说明前面动作的目的。
• The WWF is working hard to save all the animals. 世界自然基金会正在努力挽救所有的动物。
• She practises every day to improve her singing skills. 她每天练习，以提高自己的歌唱技巧。
• We should follow the rules to keep ourselves safe. 我们应当遵守规则，保障自身安全。
二、位置：句尾或句首
不定式作目的状语，既可以放在句尾（紧接谓语动词），也可以放在句首（常加逗号，起强调作用）。
• 句尾：Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills.
• 句首：To improve his basketball skills, Dylan trained hard. 为了提高篮球技术，迪伦刻苦训练。
注意：置于句首时，不定式的逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致；若不一致，要用 for sb. to do 结构。
三、同义结构：in order to / so as to
两者都表示"为了做某事"，语气比 to do 更正式、更书面。
• in order to（可放句首或句尾）：He's saving money in order to buy a new computer. 为了买一台新电脑，他正在攒钱。
• so as to（通常只放句尾，不能用于句首）：Linda started work early so as to finish it by five. Linda 很早就开始工作，以便在五点前完成。
辨析：二者都表目的，区别仅在位置——so as to 一般不用于句首，in order to 位置更灵活。
四、否定形式
在不定式前加 not，或用 in order not to / so as not to。
• He left early in order not to miss the train. 他早早离开，以免误了火车。
• Be careful not to make a mess. 小心，别弄得一团糟。
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析（Topic Analysis）
本单元写作话题为“遵守规则（Rules around us）”，属于“规则与责任”主题。常见写作任务有三种：①写一次遵守或违反规则的经历（记叙文，一般过去时）；②谈对规则的看法（说明/议论，一般现在时）；③写一份遵守规则倡议（应用文）。无论哪种，都要写清“是什么规则、为什么重要、我怎么做”，并自然运用本单元词汇（rule, sign, seat belt, safety, awareness, responsibility, netizen 等）与情态动词表规则的句型。
2. 写作框架（Writing Framework）
一、三段式结构（总—分—总）
1、开头段（Introduction，1–2 句）——点题引入：
引出"规则"话题，点明规则对安全与秩序的意义。常用句型：As we all know, rules are everywhere in our daily life. / It is important for everyone to follow the rules. / Without rules, the world would be in a mess. 也可用俗语引入，如 As the saying goes, "Nothing can be done without rules."（没有规矩，不成方圆。）
2、主体段（Body，2–4 点）——按场景分类展开（本单元核心）：
写法公式 = 场景 ＋ We must / should / mustn't ＋ 具体做法 ＋ 理由（because... / so that...）。
四个分论点：
① 在校 At school：don't be late, listen to teachers, keep the classroom clean；
② 在路上 On the road：wear a seat belt, cross at the crossing, never run the red light；
③ 在公共场所 In public places：keep quiet, queue, clean up the mess；
④ 在网络 Online：never tell strangers password, be aware of danger, avoid cyberbullying。
过渡词：First of all,... Besides,... What's more,... Last but not least,...
3、结尾段（Conclusion，1–2 句）——升华倡议：总结规则意义，发出号召。
常用句型：Rules keep us safe and make the world a better place. / Let's follow the rules and be responsible citizens. / Only by following the rules can we live a happy and safe life.
二、谋篇布局小贴士
· 时态：经历类用一般过去时；看法/倡议类用一般现在时。
· 人称：多用第一人称 I / we，增强真实感与说服力。
· 衔接：巧用 First, Besides, What's more 等分点过渡词，让条理更清晰。
· 详略：主体段是重点，每个场景写 1–2 句具体做法＋理由，避免只罗列规则名称。
3. 写作素材（Useful Expressions）
一、核心短语（按场景归类）
规则类：follow / obey / keep the rules（遵守规则），break the rules（违反规则），make a rule（制定规则），school rules / traffic rules / family rules（校规/交规/家规）
安全类：wear a seat belt（系安全带），cross the road at the crossing（在十字路口过马路），run the red light（闯红灯），keep ... safe（保障……安全），be in danger / be aware of the danger（处于危险/意识到危险）
责任类：It is one's duty to...（是某人的责任），take responsibility（承担责任），behave well（行为得体）
公共秩序类：keep quiet（保持安静），queue (for)...（排队），clean up the mess（收拾脏乱），in public places（在公共场所）
网络类：surf the Internet（上网），tell strangers our password（把密码告诉陌生人），avoid cyberbullying（避免网络欺凌），protect personal information（保护个人信息）
二、高频句型
1. 规则表达：We must / mustn't / should (not) ＋ 动词原形……（表必须 / 禁止 / 应该）
2. 责任表达：It is one's duty / responsibility to keep the place clean.（保持环境整洁是某人的责任。）
3. 身份表达：As a student / citizen / teenager, we should obey the rules.
4. 目的表达：We should ... so as to / in order to keep safe.
5. 意义表达：Rules keep us safe and make the world better.
6. 后果表达：If we break the rules, we may get hurt / get into trouble.
7. 号召表达：Let's follow the rules and be responsible citizens!
三、开头 / 过渡 / 结尾金句（让文章更出彩）
• 开头：As we all know, rules are important in our life. / It is well known that rules make us safe.
• 过渡：First of all,... Besides,... What's more,... Last but not least,...
• 结尾：Rules are not to trouble us, but to protect us. / Only by following the rules can we live a better life.
4. 范文背诵（Model Essay）
Rules Are Important
As we all know, rules are everywhere in our life and they keep us safe. Rules play an important role in our daily life. They help us live in a good order and protect us from danger.
As a student, I always follow different kinds of rules. At school, I obey the school rules. On the road, I must wear a seat belt in the car and never run the red light. In public places, I keep quiet and help clean up the mess. Online, I am careful and never tell strangers my password, because safety always comes first. Once I saw a warning sign near a deep river. I was aware of the danger and stopped my friend from swimming there.
Rules are not to trouble us, but to protect us. Let's follow the rules and make the world a better place!
易错点01 情态动词表规则混淆
【错因辨析】
1.must 与 have to 都表“必须”。must 强调主观意愿；have to 强调客观要求（如法律规定）。
2.mustn't 表“禁止”，易误当作“不必”；“不必”应用 needn't / don't have to。
3.should 表“应该”，语气比 must 弱。
【对点训练】
1.You wear a seat belt in the car. It's the law.
A. must B. needn't C. mustn't
2.—Must I finish it today? —No, you .
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
易错点02 近义辨析 noise / voice / sound
【错因辨析】
1.noise：不悦耳、令人烦躁的嘈杂声，可作可数或不可数。
2.voice：人发出的声音（说话、唱歌、笑等）。
3.sound：泛指人能听到的各种声音。
【对点训练】
用 noise /voice/sound 填空
1. I heard the ______ of birds singing outside the window.
2. Don’t make so much ______. The baby is sleeping.
3. She has a beautiful ______. She sings very well.
一、单项选择
1．The little boy did lots of research _______ to understand the experiment.
A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried
2．My mother gets up very early every morning _______ cook breakfast for me.
A．because of B．so that C．because D．in order to
3．She eats less sweet food ________ getting fat in her daily life.
A．avoid B．avoided C．to avoid D．avoiding
4．Jackson got up early______arrive at the train station on time.
A．even though B．in order to C．so that D．in order that
5．In some very special situations, breaking rules can ________ lives.
A．take B．save C．lose D．cost
6．“To be, or not to be: that is the question” is a famous line from ________.
A．a poem B．a movie C．a play D．a novel
7．There is a “No Smoking” ________ at the bus station.
A．citizen B．sign C．enemy D．lawyer
8．Don’t make loud ________ in the library. It disturbs others.
A．noise B．law C．citizen D．passport
9．Every passenger must wear a ________ when taking a car.
A．seat belt B．flowerpot C．packet D．sign
10．Think carefully before ________ something online.
A．posting B．post C．posts D．posted
二、补全对话
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(Tony and Laura are talking in the playground. T: Tony, L: Laura)
T: Hello, Laura! Do you know the show in the library at 6:00 pm?
L: Yeah, Tony. But I think I can’t go there. 11
T: I can’t either. I must go home right after school. I have too many rules at home.
L: 12
T: Well, I can’t watch TV. I also have to read English for twenty minutes every day.
L: That’s awful. 13
T: I know, but I feel tired. Do you have any rules at home?
L: 14 My mum always makes a lot of rules for me. But I can relax on the weekend. How about going out on the weekend?
T: Sounds great. Is there a gym around here?
L: Yes. 15
T: OK. See you then.
A．Yes, of course!
B．I have to finish my history homework today.
C．What are the rules?
D．But I think they are good for you.
E．What do you think of the rules?
F．I must wear uniforms at school.
G．Let’s go to the gym on Saturday morning!
三、完形填空
Li Ming went to the city park with his classmates last weekend. He was so excited that he ran past the entrance gate before checking the 16 . When he got to the grassland, he wanted to sit on the grass to rest. Just then, a park worker stopped him and pointed to a sign that 17 “No Walking on the Grass”. Li Ming felt a little unhappy. He thought it was just a little piece of grass, why was the rule so 18 ?
The park worker explained that the grass was very important for the park’s environment. If everyone walked on it, the grass would 19 soon and the park would become ugly. She told Li Ming that all public rules are made to keep the park 20 and comfortable for all visitors. Li Ming understood his mistake 21 . He said sorry to the worker and walked to the open area for visitors.
Later, Li Ming joined his classmates. They all 22 that rules are not made to restrict (限制) people’s fun, but to make sure everyone can enjoy 23 . Now, Li Ming always checks the rules before going into any public place. He also reminds his friends and family to 24 rules everywhere. He thinks good rule-following habits help us become better 25 and make the world a more orderly place.
16．A．rules B．tickets C．maps D．snacks
17．A．writes B．reads C．says D．tells
18．A．easy B．strict C．bad D．different
19．A．die B．grow C．spread D．appear
20．A．dirty B．crowded C．clean D．large
21．A．suddenly B．slowly C．finally D．quickly
22．A．disagreed B．realized C．ordered D．guessed
23．A．himself B．herself C．ourselves D．themselves
24．A．break B．follow C．make D．change
25．A．visitors B．players C．citizens D．students
四、阅读理解
Library Rules
The library workers want to make the library a welcoming and safe place for everyone. The library opens at 7:30 a.m. every workday and closes at 4:30 p.m., except Fridays when the library closes at 4:00 p.m.
Library Pass (通行证)
You must have a pass from your teacher to come into the library during class or lunch hours.
Computer Use
You may use the computers in the computer room to search for the information you need. Every student can use the computer at most for two hours.
Wear Your ID Card
To keep the school safe, please carry your ID card at all times.
Library Books
Students may take up to 5 books and need to give them back in two weeks. If you can’t return your books on time, you may have to pay fines (罚金). You can just pay the workers in the library or go to www.schoollibrarybooks.com for fines.
Please be respectful of everything and everyone in the library.
26．When can you go to the library?
A．At 4:20 p.m. on Wednesday. B．At 7:00 a.m. on Monday.
C．At 4:20 p.m. on Friday. D．At 9:00 a.m. on Saturday.
27．What do you need to enter the library during class or lunch hours?
A．A library book. B．A library pass from your teacher.
C．An ID card. D．A computer.
28．Where can you pay fines for not returning library books on time?
A．Only in the library. B．Only on www.schoollibrarybooks.com
C．At the school gate. D．In the library or on www.schoollibrarybooks.com
29．What can you do in the library?
A．Take 6 books from the library. B．Keep three books for two weeks.
C．Leave your ID card in the library. D．Use the computer from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
30．Who might be the readers of this notice?
A．The teachers. B．Doctors. C．The students. D．The library workers.
Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media (社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making friends face to face. Are you shy? If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also good for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library of Science found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad? Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media. We must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
31．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage?
A．Expressing our voices freely.
B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life.
D．Connecting with people more easily.
32．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Clear. B．Different. C．Incorrect. D．Simple.
33．Which picture shows the structure of the passage?
A． B． C． D．
34．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?
B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use?
C．Social Media: Connecting The World
D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
35．What will the author probably tell us through Malala’s words at the end of the passage?
A．We should spend more time on social media.
B．We should avoid using social media to feel happier.
C．The power of social media is too dangerous for young people.
D．Social media itself is neither good nor bad; it depends on how we use it.
①How to be a good rule-follower in our daily life? Here are some helpful tips.
②Learn the rules first before you go to a new place. Many people break rules just because they don’t know what the rules are. For example, when you go to a new museum, you should look at the rule list at the entrance first, so you will know what you can do and what you cannot do.
③Don’t think breaking a small rule is not a big problem. Many people think “I just do this one time, no one will know”. But small breaks of rules can become bad habits. If you often break small rules, you will be more likely to break big rules later.
④Ask yourself “what if everyone does this?”. When you want to break a rule, just think about this question. If everyone runs the red light, what will happen? The street will be full of accidents. If everyone drops rubbish on the ground, what will our city look like? It will be very dirty and smelly. This question can help you know why you need to follow the rule.
⑤Tell other people to follow the rules when you see someone breaking them. You can give them a warm reminder. Most people will stop breaking the rule after you remind them.
If everyone follows these tips, we can all be good rule-followers and make our life better.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案：
36．Why does the writer write the first paragraph?
A．To tell us what the passage is about. B．To describe how bad breaking rules is.
C．To explain why we need rules. D．To ask people not to break any rules.
37．The underlined word “reminder” means “________”.
A．警告 B．提醒 C．表扬 D．惩罚
38．Which of the following is the writer’s idea?
A．We don’t need to know rules if we go to a place for the first time.
B．Breaking small rules won’t cause any bad results.
C．Thinking about “what if everyone does this” helps us follow rules.
D．We should not say anything when others break rules.
39．What’s the structure of the passage?
A．①//②③④⑤ B．①②//③④//⑤ C．①//②③//④⑤ D．①②③//④//⑤
40．What could be the best title for this passage?
A．Where can we find rules in our life B．Why we should play by the rules
C．How to be a good rule-follower in daily life D．What will happen if we break rules
五、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。
read, weekend, because, make, health, always, play, lot, important, dish, wise, someone
My name is Anna. I’m a 12-year-old student. My parents love me, but they are strict with me. At home, I have 41 of rules.
Every day, I must get up early and 42 the bed. Then I have to exercise for half an hour. My father says it’s very 43 for me to exercise in the morning. It can help me keep 44 . After school, I must go home on time. After dinner, I help my mother do the 45 or clean the kitchen. In the evening, I can’t watch TV. I must either 46 books or do my homework. Then I must go to bed before nine o’clock 47 I have to get up early the next morning. My mother is a music teacher. She 48 teaches me to sing songs in her free time. At 49 , I need to play the piano or practise the guitar at home. I’m very good at 50 them now. I know my parents make the rules to help me be better. I am tired but happy every day.
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Unit 5 Play by the rules
主
题
场
景
分
类
词
汇
一、规则与标志：
1. law (n. 法则，法令) Everyone must obey the law.（人人都必须遵守法律。）
2. lawyer (n. 律师) My uncle is a lawyer.（我的叔叔是一名律师。）
3. sign (n. 标记；指示牌，标牌) There is a stop sign at the crossing.（十字路口有一个停车指示牌。）
4. cause (n. 原因，起因) We should find the cause of the fire.（我们应该找出火灾的原因。）5. responsibility (n. 责任) It is our responsibility to keep the room clean.（保持房间整洁是我们的责任。）
二、公共场所与交通：
1. seat (n. 座，座位) Please take a seat and wait a moment.（请坐下稍等片刻。）
2. belt (n. 腰带，皮带) He wears a black belt.（他系着一条黑色皮带。）
3. seat belt (n. 安全带) Please wear your seat belt in the car.（在车里请系好安全带。）
4. station (n. 车站) I'll meet you at the bus station.（我会在公交车站和你见面。）
5. passenger (n. 乘客，旅客) The passenger is waiting for the train.（那位乘客正在等火车。）
6. flowerpot (n. 花盆) The flowerpot is broken.（那个花盆碎了。）
7. pick up (捡起) Please pick up the paper on the floor.（请把地上的纸捡起来。）
8. opposite (prep. 在……的对面) The bank is opposite the school.（银行在学校的对面。）
三、行为与责任：
1. behave (v. 表现) You should behave well in class.（你应该在课堂上表现好。）
2. honesty (n. 诚实，正直；坦诚) Honesty is the best policy.（诚实为上策。）
3. fool (n. 蠢人，傻子，笨蛋) Don't make a fool of yourself.（不要出自己的洋相。）
4. cheat (v. 欺诈，欺骗) It is wrong to cheat in the exam.（考试作弊是不对的。）
5. trust (v. 信任，信赖，相信) I trust my best friend.（我信任我最好的朋友。）
6. enemy (n. 敌人) We should make friends, not enemies.（我们应该交朋友，而不是树敌。）
7. spread (v. 传播) Don't spread the bad news.（不要传播这个坏消息。）
四、安全与意识：
1. aware (adj. 注意到的，察觉到的) We should be aware of the danger.（我们应该意识到危险。）
2. careless (adj. 不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的) He is careless with his homework.（他做作业时很粗心。）
3. urgent (adj. 紧急的，急迫的) This is an urgent message.（这是一条紧急消息。）
4. avoid (v. 避免) We should avoid making a mess.（我们应该避免弄得一团糟。）
5. limit (v. 限制，限定) Parents should limit the time of games.（父母应该限制玩游戏的时间。）
6. reduce (v. 减少；缩小；降低) We must reduce noise in the library.（我们必须减少图书馆里的噪声。）
五、网络与陌生人：
1. citizen (n. 公民；市民，城镇居民) As a good citizen, we should follow the rules.（作为一名好公民，我们应该遵守规则。）
2. cyberbullying (n. 网络霸凌（欺凌）) We must say no to cyberbullying.（我们必须对网络霸凌说不。）
3. click (n. 点击（鼠标）) One click can share the photo.（一次点击就能分享这张照片。）4. basic (adj. 基础的，基本的，根本的) We should learn the basic rules online.（我们应该学习网络的基本规则。）
5. personal (adj. 个人的，私人的) Don't tell strangers your personal information.（不要告诉陌生人你的个人信息。）
6. private (adj. 个人的，秘密的) Keep your password private.（保管好你的密码，不要泄露。）
7. address (n. 地址) Never give your home address to others.（永远不要把家庭地址告诉别人。）
8. passport (n. 护照) Take your passport when you travel.（旅行时带上你的护照。）
六、物品与其他：
1. throat (n. 喉咙，咽喉) He cleared his throat before speaking.（他说话前清了清嗓子。）
2. mess (n. 脏乱；凌乱) Please clean up the mess.（请把这一团糟清理干净。）
3. noise (n. 噪声；嘈杂声) Don't make a noise in the library.（图书馆里不要喧哗。）
4. packet (n. 小包，小盒，小袋) She bought a packet of sweets.（她买了一小包糖果。）
5. picnic (n. 野餐) We had a picnic in the park.（我们在公园里野餐。）
6. smelly (adj. 有臭味的) The smelly food makes me sick.（这有臭味的食物让我恶心。）
7. cheese (n. 干酪，奶酪) I don't like cheese.（我不喜欢奶酪。）
8. kick (v. 踢) Don't kick the ball in the room.（不要在房间里踢球。）
9. anything (pron. 任何事物都（没有）) I didn't see anything in the box.（我在盒子里什么也没看见。）
短
语
一、动词短语：
1. break the rules（违反规则）You shouldn't break the school rules.（你不应该违反校规。）
2. follow / obey the rules（遵守规则）We must follow the rules to stay safe.（为保安全必须遵守规则。）
3. look after（照顾，照料）We should look after public things.（我们应爱护公物。）
4. pick up（捡起）Please pick up the litter on the ground.（请把地上的垃圾捡起来。）
5. clean up the mess（清理杂物）Let's clean up the mess together.（我们一起把杂乱清理干净吧。）
6. get on（上车）Get on the bus one by one.（请大家依次上车。）
二、介词短语
1. in surprise（惊讶地）She looked at me in surprise.（她惊讶地看着我。）
2. in one's heart（在某人心里）The rule stays in my heart.（这条规则一直留在我心里。）
3. on the road / in the street（在路上/在街上）Don't play on the road.（别在马路上玩耍。）
4. at the station（在车站）We met at the bus station.（我们在汽车站碰面。）
三、名词短语
1. seat belt（安全带）Wear your seat belt, please.（请系好安全带。）
2. public place（公共场所）No smoking in public places.（公共场所禁止吸烟。）
3. deep breath（深呼吸）Take a deep breath and relax.（深呼吸，放松一下。）
实
用
交
际
套
句
型
一、表达规则与禁止
1. You must (do)...（你必须……）You must wear a seat belt.（你必须系安全带。）
2. You mustn't (do)...（你禁止……）You mustn't smoke here.（这里禁止吸烟。）
3. You should (not) (do)...（你（不）应该……）You should keep quiet in the library.（在图书馆你应保持安静。）
4. Don't...（不要……）Don't run in the hallway.（不要在走廊里奔跑。）
二、描述行为与后果
1. If you break the rules, ...（如果违反规则，……）If you break the rules, you may get hurt.（如果违反规则，你可能会受伤。）
2. It is one's responsibility to...（……是某人的责任）It is our responsibility to keep the place clean.（保持环境整洁是我们的责任。）
3. Follow the rules and...（遵守规则并……）Follow the rules and you will be safe.（遵守规则就能平安。）
三、表达提醒与感受
1. What a shock!（多么让人震惊！）
2. remind sb. of / to do / that...（提醒某人……）The story reminds us that rules keep us safe.（这个故事提醒我们规则保障安全。）
3. be aware of...（意识到……）Be aware of the strangers online.（警惕网上的陌生人。）
语法
动词不定式作目的状语
写作
遵守规则（校规、家规、交通规则或网络安全规则）的经历、看法与倡议。
一、知识点精讲
1. remind v. 提醒；使想起
【句型】
①remind sb. of sth. 使某人记起某事
I like these photos and they can remind me of the life living in the countryside. 我喜欢这些照片，它们能让我想起农村的生活。
②remind sb.（not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不）去做某事。
例：Please remind me to turn off the light. 请提醒我关灯。
③ remind sb. + that从句
例：It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily. 它提醒我们，战争是可怕的，和平来之不易
2. seat 与 sit 辨析
①seat 名词：意为“座，座位”，常见搭配 take a seat（坐下）
例：The plane has 200 seats, including 12 in first class.（这架飞机有200个座位，其中12个在头等舱。）
②sit 动词：意为“坐下，就座”，常见搭配 sit down（坐下）
例：The teacher asked the students to sit down before starting the lesson.（老师在开始上课前让学生们坐下。）
3. aware 的用法
aware 形容词：意为“注意到的；察觉到的”。
①be aware of + 名词/动名词
例：Are you aware of the new rules?（你知道新的规章吗？）
②be/become aware that + 从句
例：She became aware that someone was following her.（她察觉到有人在跟踪她。）
【拓展】：aware + -ness → awareness（n. 意识；了解）。
例：The activity helps people raise the awareness of protecting the environment.（这个活动帮助人们提升保护环境的意识。）
4. noise 的用法
①noise 名词：意为“噪声；嘈杂声”，make a noise/noises 制造噪声；形容词 noisy（吵闹的）。
例：Don't be noisy!（别吵！）
拓展 noise / voice / sound 辨析：
②noise：不悦耳、令人烦躁的嘈杂声，可作可数或不可数名词。
例：The noise of traffic kept him awake.（交通的噪声让他睡不着。）
③voice：人发出的声音（说话、唱歌、笑等）。
例：She has a beautiful voice.（她有着美妙的嗓音。）
④sound：泛指人能听到的各种声音。
例：Light travels faster than sound.（光比声音传播得快。）
5. sign 的用法
【作名词】
①记号；符号（The plus sign is a mathematical symbol. 加号是一个数学符号。）
②指示牌（There is a stop sign at the crossing. 十字路口有一个停车指示牌。）
③迹象；征兆（Dark clouds are a sign of rain. 乌云是下雨的征兆。）
④手势（He gave me a sign to show that he was ready to leave. 他给我做了个手势示意准备离开。）
【作动词】
①示意；打手势（He signed to me to come over. 他示意我过去。）
②签（名）；签署（Please sign your name on the paper. 请在这张纸上签上你的名字。）
6. mess 的用法
①mess 名词：意为“脏乱；凌乱”，make a mess of sth. 把某事搞砸；in a mess 一团糟。
The project is in a mess because no one is organising it properly.（这个项目一团糟，因为没人妥善安排。）
②mess 动词：意为“弄乱；弄脏”，mess up sth. 把……搞砸/弄乱。
The rain messed up our plans for a picnic in the park.（下雨打乱了我们去公园野餐的计划。）
7. care 及相关词汇
① care 名词：小心；照料；护理。
The baby needs a lot of care.（这个婴儿需要悉心照料。）
② care 动词：关心；在意。
He doesn't care what other people think of him.（他不在乎别人怎么看他。）
③ careful 形容词：小心的；仔细的。
Be careful when crossing the road.（过马路时要小心。）
④ careless 形容词：不小心的；粗心的。
The careless student made many spelling mistakes.（那个粗心的学生犯了很多拼写错误。）
⑤ carefully 副词：小心地；仔细地。
She listened carefully to what the teacher said.（她仔细地听老师讲的话。）
⑥ carelessly 副词：粗心地；草率地。
He threw the book carelessly on the desk and left.（他把书随意地扔在桌上就离开了。）
8. spread 的用法
① 作名词：蔓延，传播。
The spread of the disease has been controlled.（疾病的传播已经得到了控制。）
② 作动词：传播，展开。
You can spread joy and happiness with a bright smile.（你可以用灿烂的微笑传播快乐和幸福。）
The bird spread its wings and was ready for flight.（鸟儿展开翅膀准备飞翔。）
二、核心语法精讲
动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式（to ＋ 动词原形）在句中可以作目的状语，表示"做某事是为了……"，用来回答 Why?（为什么） 的问题。
一、基本形式：to do
不定式直接放在谓语动词之后，说明前面动作的目的。
• The WWF is working hard to save all the animals. 世界自然基金会正在努力挽救所有的动物。
• She practises every day to improve her singing skills. 她每天练习，以提高自己的歌唱技巧。
• We should follow the rules to keep ourselves safe. 我们应当遵守规则，保障自身安全。
二、位置：句尾或句首
不定式作目的状语，既可以放在句尾（紧接谓语动词），也可以放在句首（常加逗号，起强调作用）。
• 句尾：Dylan trained hard to improve his basketball skills.
• 句首：To improve his basketball skills, Dylan trained hard. 为了提高篮球技术，迪伦刻苦训练。
注意：置于句首时，不定式的逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致；若不一致，要用 for sb. to do 结构。
三、同义结构：in order to / so as to
两者都表示"为了做某事"，语气比 to do 更正式、更书面。
• in order to（可放句首或句尾）：He's saving money in order to buy a new computer. 为了买一台新电脑，他正在攒钱。
• so as to（通常只放句尾，不能用于句首）：Linda started work early so as to finish it by five. Linda 很早就开始工作，以便在五点前完成。
辨析：二者都表目的，区别仅在位置——so as to 一般不用于句首，in order to 位置更灵活。
四、否定形式
在不定式前加 not，或用 in order not to / so as not to。
• He left early in order not to miss the train. 他早早离开，以免误了火车。
• Be careful not to make a mess. 小心，别弄得一团糟。
三、单元写作清单
1. 话题分析（Topic Analysis）
本单元写作话题为“遵守规则（Rules around us）”，属于“规则与责任”主题。常见写作任务有三种：①写一次遵守或违反规则的经历（记叙文，一般过去时）；②谈对规则的看法（说明/议论，一般现在时）；③写一份遵守规则倡议（应用文）。无论哪种，都要写清“是什么规则、为什么重要、我怎么做”，并自然运用本单元词汇（rule, sign, seat belt, safety, awareness, responsibility, netizen 等）与情态动词表规则的句型。
2. 写作框架（Writing Framework）
一、三段式结构（总—分—总）
1、开头段（Introduction，1–2 句）——点题引入：
引出"规则"话题，点明规则对安全与秩序的意义。常用句型：As we all know, rules are everywhere in our daily life. / It is important for everyone to follow the rules. / Without rules, the world would be in a mess. 也可用俗语引入，如 As the saying goes, "Nothing can be done without rules."（没有规矩，不成方圆。）
2、主体段（Body，2–4 点）——按场景分类展开（本单元核心）：
写法公式 = 场景 ＋ We must / should / mustn't ＋ 具体做法 ＋ 理由（because... / so that...）。
四个分论点：
① 在校 At school：don't be late, listen to teachers, keep the classroom clean；
② 在路上 On the road：wear a seat belt, cross at the crossing, never run the red light；
③ 在公共场所 In public places：keep quiet, queue, clean up the mess；
④ 在网络 Online：never tell strangers password, be aware of danger, avoid cyberbullying。
过渡词：First of all,... Besides,... What's more,... Last but not least,...
3、结尾段（Conclusion，1–2 句）——升华倡议：总结规则意义，发出号召。
常用句型：Rules keep us safe and make the world a better place. / Let's follow the rules and be responsible citizens. / Only by following the rules can we live a happy and safe life.
二、谋篇布局小贴士
· 时态：经历类用一般过去时；看法/倡议类用一般现在时。
· 人称：多用第一人称 I / we，增强真实感与说服力。
· 衔接：巧用 First, Besides, What's more 等分点过渡词，让条理更清晰。
· 详略：主体段是重点，每个场景写 1–2 句具体做法＋理由，避免只罗列规则名称。
3. 写作素材（Useful Expressions）
一、核心短语（按场景归类）
规则类：follow / obey / keep the rules（遵守规则），break the rules（违反规则），make a rule（制定规则），school rules / traffic rules / family rules（校规/交规/家规）
安全类：wear a seat belt（系安全带），cross the road at the crossing（在十字路口过马路），run the red light（闯红灯），keep ... safe（保障……安全），be in danger / be aware of the danger（处于危险/意识到危险）
责任类：It is one's duty to...（是某人的责任），take responsibility（承担责任），behave well（行为得体）
公共秩序类：keep quiet（保持安静），queue (for)...（排队），clean up the mess（收拾脏乱），in public places（在公共场所）
网络类：surf the Internet（上网），tell strangers our password（把密码告诉陌生人），avoid cyberbullying（避免网络欺凌），protect personal information（保护个人信息）
二、高频句型
1. 规则表达：We must / mustn't / should (not) ＋ 动词原形……（表必须 / 禁止 / 应该）
2. 责任表达：It is one's duty / responsibility to keep the place clean.（保持环境整洁是某人的责任。）
3. 身份表达：As a student / citizen / teenager, we should obey the rules.
4. 目的表达：We should ... so as to / in order to keep safe.
5. 意义表达：Rules keep us safe and make the world better.
6. 后果表达：If we break the rules, we may get hurt / get into trouble.
7. 号召表达：Let's follow the rules and be responsible citizens!
三、开头 / 过渡 / 结尾金句（让文章更出彩）
• 开头：As we all know, rules are important in our life. / It is well known that rules make us safe.
• 过渡：First of all,... Besides,... What's more,... Last but not least,...
• 结尾：Rules are not to trouble us, but to protect us. / Only by following the rules can we live a better life.
4. 范文背诵（Model Essay）
Rules Are Important
As we all know, rules are everywhere in our life and they keep us safe. Rules play an important role in our daily life. They help us live in a good order and protect us from danger.
As a student, I always follow different kinds of rules. At school, I obey the school rules. On the road, I must wear a seat belt in the car and never run the red light. In public places, I keep quiet and help clean up the mess. Online, I am careful and never tell strangers my password, because safety always comes first. Once I saw a warning sign near a deep river. I was aware of the danger and stopped my friend from swimming there.
Rules are not to trouble us, but to protect us. Let's follow the rules and make the world a better place!
易错点01 情态动词表规则混淆
【错因辨析】
1.must 与 have to 都表“必须”。must 强调主观意愿；have to 强调客观要求（如法律规定）。
2.mustn't 表“禁止”，易误当作“不必”；“不必”应用 needn't / don't have to。
3.should 表“应该”，语气比 must 弱。
【对点训练】
1.You wear a seat belt in the car. It's the law.
A. must B. needn't C. mustn't
【答案】A
【解析】法律规定必须系安全带，用 must 表“必须”。
2.—Must I finish it today? —No, you .
A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't
【答案】B
【解析】Must 疑问句否定回答用 needn't / don't have to 表“不必”；mustn't 表“禁止”，不符句意。
易错点02 近义辨析 noise / voice / sound
【错因辨析】
1.noise：不悦耳、令人烦躁的嘈杂声，可作可数或不可数。
2.voice：人发出的声音（说话、唱歌、笑等）。
3.sound：泛指人能听到的各种声音。
【对点训练】
用 noise /voice/sound 填空
1. I heard the ______ of birds singing outside the window.
2. Don’t make so much ______. The baby is sleeping.
3. She has a beautiful ______. She sings very well.
【答案】
1. sound
2. noise
3. voice
【解析】
1. sound：鸟叫声是普通可听见的声音，用泛指一切声音的 sound。
2. noise：make noise 是固定搭配，表示制造吵闹的噪音，打扰别人。
3. voice：描述人的嗓音，用 voice。
一、单项选择
1．The little boy did lots of research _______ to understand the experiment.
A．try B．to try C．trying D．tried
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这个小男孩做了很多研究试图去理解这个实验。
句中已有谓语动词did，空格处表示做研究的目的，应用动词不定式to do结构。
2．My mother gets up very early every morning _______ cook breakfast for me.
A．because of B．so that C．because D．in order to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我妈妈每天早晨起得很早，是为了给我做早餐。
because of因为（后接名词或代词）；so that为了（后接从句）；because因为（后接从句）；in order to为了（后接动词原形）。空格后是动词原形cook，且表示目的，因此用in order to。
3．She eats less sweet food ________ getting fat in her daily life.
A．avoid B．avoided C．to avoid D．avoiding
【答案】C
【详解】句意：她日常生活中少吃甜食是为了避免变胖。
根据句意可知，少吃甜食的目的是避免变胖，应用动词不定式作目的状语，to avoid符合句意。
4．Jackson got up early______arrive at the train station on time.
A．even though B．in order to C．so that D．in order that
【答案】B
【详解】句意：杰克逊早起是为了按时到达火车站。考查目的状语。空后是动词原形 arrive，无主语，因此需用后接动词原形的短语。in order to 后接动词原形表目的；so that 和 in order that 后接从句；even though 引导让步状语从句。根据语法结构判断。故选 B。
5．In some very special situations, breaking rules can ________ lives.
A．take B．save C．lose D．cost
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在一些非常特殊的情况下，违反规则可以挽救生命。
take夺去；save挽救；lose失去；cost使丧失，使付出（生命等代价）。根据“In some very special situations”可知，此处指特殊情况下的例外，打破常规是为了正面目的，即“挽救”生命。
6．“To be, or not to be: that is the question” is a famous line from ________.
A．a poem B．a movie C．a play D．a novel
【答案】C
【详解】句意：“生存还是毁灭：这是一个问题”是出自一部戏剧的名句。
a poem一首诗歌；a movie一部电影；a play一部戏剧；a novel一篇小说。“To be, or not to be”是莎士比亚作品《哈姆雷特》中的经典台词，该作品是一部戏剧。根据文学常识可知该名句出自戏剧而非诗歌、电影或小说。
7．There is a “No Smoking” ________ at the bus station.
A．citizen B．sign C．enemy D．lawyer
【答案】B
【详解】句意：公交车站有一个“禁止吸烟”的标志。
citizen公民；sign标志；enemy敌人；lawyer律师。根据There is a “No Smoking”...at the bus station可知，公交车站通常设有禁止吸烟的标识，应填sign。
8．Don’t make loud ________ in the library. It disturbs others.
A．noise B．law C．citizen D．passport
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不要在图书馆里制造噪音，这打扰别人。
noise噪音；law法律；citizen公民；passport护照。根据“in the library”和“it disturbs others”可知，在图书馆应保持安静，制造噪音会打扰他人，make noise表示“制造噪音”，符合语境。应填noise。
9．Every passenger must wear a ________ when taking a car.
A．seat belt B．flowerpot C．packet D．sign
【答案】A
【详解】句意：每位乘客乘坐汽车时必须系安全带。
seat belt安全带；flowerpot花盆；packet小包；sign标志。根据“when taking a car”可知乘坐汽车时为了安全必须系安全带。选项A正确。
10．Think carefully before ________ something online.
A．posting B．post C．posts D．posted
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在网上发布内容之前要仔细思考。
句中before是介词，介词后接动词时需用动名词形式。应填posting。
二、补全对话
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(Tony and Laura are talking in the playground. T: Tony, L: Laura)
T: Hello, Laura! Do you know the show in the library at 6:00 pm?
L: Yeah, Tony. But I think I can’t go there. 11
T: I can’t either. I must go home right after school. I have too many rules at home.
L: 12
T: Well, I can’t watch TV. I also have to read English for twenty minutes every day.
L: That’s awful. 13
T: I know, but I feel tired. Do you have any rules at home?
L: 14 My mum always makes a lot of rules for me. But I can relax on the weekend. How about going out on the weekend?
T: Sounds great. Is there a gym around here?
L: Yes. 15
T: OK. See you then.
A．Yes, of course!
B．I have to finish my history homework today.
C．What are the rules?
D．But I think they are good for you.
E．What do you think of the rules?
F．I must wear uniforms at school.
G．Let’s go to the gym on Saturday morning!
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．G
【导语】本文是Tony和Laura讨论各自的家规并相约周末出去玩的对话。
【详解】11．上文Laura表明自己不能去看演出，会说明不能去的原因。选项B“I have to finish my history homework today.”符合语境。
12．上下文Tony都提及自己家有很多规则，下文也进一步举例说明了家规的内容，由此可知，此处应是Laura询问Tony有哪些家规，选项C“What are the rules?”符合语境。
13．上文是Laura对Tony的家规的评价，选项D“But I think they are good for you.”符合语境。
14．下文说Laura的妈妈也为她制定了很多规则，都表明此处Laura应对其作肯定回答。选项A“Yes, of course!”符合语境。
15．上文Tony问附近有体育馆吗，说明此处Laura和Tony应该是约好去体育馆。选项G“Let’s go to the gym on Saturday morning!”符合语境。
三、完形填空
Li Ming went to the city park with his classmates last weekend. He was so excited that he ran past the entrance gate before checking the 16 . When he got to the grassland, he wanted to sit on the grass to rest. Just then, a park worker stopped him and pointed to a sign that 17 “No Walking on the Grass”. Li Ming felt a little unhappy. He thought it was just a little piece of grass, why was the rule so 18 ?
The park worker explained that the grass was very important for the park’s environment. If everyone walked on it, the grass would 19 soon and the park would become ugly. She told Li Ming that all public rules are made to keep the park 20 and comfortable for all visitors. Li Ming understood his mistake 21 . He said sorry to the worker and walked to the open area for visitors.
Later, Li Ming joined his classmates. They all 22 that rules are not made to restrict (限制) people’s fun, but to make sure everyone can enjoy 23 . Now, Li Ming always checks the rules before going into any public place. He also reminds his friends and family to 24 rules everywhere. He thinks good rule-following habits help us become better 25 and make the world a more orderly place.
16．A．rules B．tickets C．maps D．snacks
17．A．writes B．reads C．says D．tells
18．A．easy B．strict C．bad D．different
19．A．die B．grow C．spread D．appear
20．A．dirty B．crowded C．clean D．large
21．A．suddenly B．slowly C．finally D．quickly
22．A．disagreed B．realized C．ordered D．guessed
23．A．himself B．herself C．ourselves D．themselves
24．A．break B．follow C．make D．change
25．A．visitors B．players C．citizens D．students
【答案】
16．A 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．D 24．B 25．C
【导语】本文讲述了李明在公园因想踩草坪被工作人员制止，经解释后明白规则的重要性，从而养成遵守规则的好习惯的故事。
【详解】16．句意：他太兴奋了，以至于在查看规则之前就跑过了入口大门。
根据下文“Now, Li Ming always checks the rules before going into any public place.”，结尾也提到checks the rules，rules“规则”呼应全文主题；tickets“票”、maps“地图”、snacks“零食”均与后文的规则提醒、规则教育的内容不对应。
17．句意：就在这时，一名公园工作人员拦住了他，指着一个写着“禁止踩踏草坪”的牌子。
根据“a sign that…”，标牌上显示内容常用say，此处say强调传达的信息内容，符合语境；read强调印在书面材料上的原文，writes“书写”主语通常是人，tells“告诉”不符合标识牌的表达习惯。
18．句意：他觉得只是一小块草地，为什么规则这么严格？
根据“He felt a little unhappy.”及他想坐草坪却被制止，可知他觉得规则太“严格”，strict“严格的”契合他当时的想法；easy“简单的”、bad“糟糕的”、different“不同的”均不符合他质疑规则的语境。
19．句意：如果每个人都走在上面，草很快就会死掉，公园会变得很难看。
根据“If everyone walked on it”，践踏草坪的直接后果是草枯萎死亡，die“死亡”符合逻辑；grow“生长”、spread“扩散”、appear“出现”均与践踏草坪的结果相悖。
20．句意：她告诉李明，所有的公共规则都是为了保持公园干净舒适，供所有游客使用。
规则的作用是维护公园的环境，clean“干净的”和comfortable并列，符合公共环境的管理目标；dirty“脏的”与文意相反，crowded“拥挤的”、large“宽敞的”均不是规则制定的核心目的。
21．句意：李明很快意识到了他的错误。
根据“He said sorry to the worker and walked to the open area…”，说明他理解得很快，行动迅速，quickly“很快地”符合认知的速度；suddenly“突然地”侧重突发性，slowly“慢慢地”与文意不符，finally“最终”侧重经过很长过程，均不符合语境。
22．句意：他们都意识到规则不是为了限制人们的乐趣，而是为了确保每个人都能玩得开心。
根据上文李明理解错误并道歉，可知他和同学们“意识到”了规则的真谛，realized“意识到”契合认知的转变；disagreed“不同意”、ordered“命令”、guessed“猜测”均不符合语境。
23．句意：他们都意识到规则不是为了限制人们的乐趣，而是为了确保每个人都能玩得开心。
enjoy oneself是固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”，主语是everyone，对应的反身代词是themselves；himself、herself指代单一性别，ourselves对应第一人称we，均不匹配。
24．句意：他还提醒他的朋友和家人在任何地方都要遵守规则。
根据上文李明养成好习惯，可知他提醒他人“遵守”规则，follow rules是固定搭配，意为“遵守规则”，契合全文倡导守规的主题；break“违反”、make“制定”、change“修改”均不符合语境。
25．句意：他认为良好的遵守规则的习惯帮助我们成为更好的公民，使世界成为一个更有序的地方。
根据“good rule-following habits”，citizens“公民”涵盖所有社会成员，符合普适性的道理；visitors“游客”、players“运动员”、students“学生”都过于片面，不能对应“让世界更有秩序”的宽泛范围。
四、阅读理解
Library Rules
The library workers want to make the library a welcoming and safe place for everyone. The library opens at 7:30 a.m. every workday and closes at 4:30 p.m., except Fridays when the library closes at 4:00 p.m.
Library Pass (通行证)
You must have a pass from your teacher to come into the library during class or lunch hours.
Computer Use
You may use the computers in the computer room to search for the information you need. Every student can use the computer at most for two hours.
Wear Your ID Card
To keep the school safe, please carry your ID card at all times.
Library Books
Students may take up to 5 books and need to give them back in two weeks. If you can’t return your books on time, you may have to pay fines (罚金). You can just pay the workers in the library or go to www.schoollibrarybooks.com for fines.
Please be respectful of everything and everyone in the library.
26．When can you go to the library?
A．At 4:20 p.m. on Wednesday. B．At 7:00 a.m. on Monday.
C．At 4:20 p.m. on Friday. D．At 9:00 a.m. on Saturday.
27．What do you need to enter the library during class or lunch hours?
A．A library book. B．A library pass from your teacher.
C．An ID card. D．A computer.
28．Where can you pay fines for not returning library books on time?
A．Only in the library. B．Only on www.schoollibrarybooks.com
C．At the school gate. D．In the library or on www.schoollibrarybooks.com
29．What can you do in the library?
A．Take 6 books from the library. B．Keep three books for two weeks.
C．Leave your ID card in the library. D．Use the computer from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
30．Who might be the readers of this notice?
A．The teachers. B．Doctors. C．The students. D．The library workers.
【答案】26．A 27．B 28．D 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了学校图书馆的规章制度，详细列举了开馆时间、上课及午休期间的通行证要求、电脑使用时长限制、佩戴学生卡须知以及图书借阅借期与罚金缴纳方式等信息。
【详解】26．细节理解题。第一段第二句明确提到：“The library opens at 7:30 a.m. every workday and closes at 4:30 p.m. , except Fridays when the library closes at 4:00 p.m.”，说明图书馆在除周五以外的工作日开放至下午4:30，周五开放至下午4:00，周末闭馆，因此周三下午4:20处于开放时间内，可以前往图书馆。
27．细节理解题。“Library Pass”部分明确提到：“You must have a pass from your teacher to come into the library during class or lunch hours.”，说明在上课或午休时间进入图书馆需要持有老师开具的通行证。
28．细节理解题。“Library Books”部分最后一句明确提到：“You can just pay the workers in the library or go to www.schoollibrarybooks.com for fines.”，说明如果未能按时归还图书，可以在图书馆直接交给工作人员，也可以登录指定网站缴纳罚金。
29．细节理解题。“Library Books”部分第一句明确提到：“Students may take up to 5 books and need to give them back in two weeks.”，说明学生最多可以借5本书并需在两周内归还，借3本书保留两周符合借书数量与时限规定。
30．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文中多次出现“a pass from your teacher”、“Every student can use the computer”以及“Students may take up to 5 books”等针对学生的具体规定，说明这篇图书馆规章制度的主要阅读对象是学生。
Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media (社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making friends face to face. Are you shy? If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also good for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library of Science found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad? Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media. We must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
31．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage?
A．Expressing our voices freely.
B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life.
D．Connecting with people more easily.
32．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Clear. B．Different. C．Incorrect. D．Simple.
33．Which picture shows the structure of the passage?
A． B． C． D．
34．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?
B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use?
C．Social Media: Connecting The World
D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
35．What will the author probably tell us through Malala’s words at the end of the passage?
A．We should spend more time on social media.
B．We should avoid using social media to feel happier.
C．The power of social media is too dangerous for young people.
D．Social media itself is neither good nor bad; it depends on how we use it.
【答案】31．D 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，围绕社交媒体的利弊展开探讨，指出社交媒体总体利大于弊，其本身并无绝对的好坏，使用效果取决于人们的使用方式，呼吁人们合理使用社交媒体。
【详解】31．细节理解题。第二段“The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily.”指出社交媒体最大的优势是能让人们更轻松地与他人建立联系。
32．词句猜测题。根据第四段“One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.”可知，人们在社交平台上只展示自己最好的瞬间，这会让我们对他人的生活产生不符合实际的错误认知，因此distorted的含义与incorrect“不正确的”相近。
33．篇章结构题。文章第一段为总起段，引出社交媒体的话题并提出“社交媒体利大于弊”的核心观点；第二、三段分别介绍社交媒体的两项优点，同属于“利”的论述部分；第四段介绍社交媒体的弊端，属于“弊”的论述部分；第五段总结全文，点明社交媒体的好坏取决于使用者的使用方式。B选项符合文章结构。
34．最佳标题题。文章围绕社交媒体的利与弊展开核心探讨，最终点明社交媒体的性质取决于使用方式。“Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy?”精准涵盖了文章对社交媒体好坏的探讨，契合全文核心话题，适合作为标题。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use ..., ‘What ... We must try to use social media in a good way.’ After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.”可推知，作者引用Malala的话是为了说明社交媒体本身只是工具，没有绝对的好坏，其影响取决于人们如何使用它。
①How to be a good rule-follower in our daily life? Here are some helpful tips.
②Learn the rules first before you go to a new place. Many people break rules just because they don’t know what the rules are. For example, when you go to a new museum, you should look at the rule list at the entrance first, so you will know what you can do and what you cannot do.
③Don’t think breaking a small rule is not a big problem. Many people think “I just do this one time, no one will know”. But small breaks of rules can become bad habits. If you often break small rules, you will be more likely to break big rules later.
④Ask yourself “what if everyone does this?”. When you want to break a rule, just think about this question. If everyone runs the red light, what will happen? The street will be full of accidents. If everyone drops rubbish on the ground, what will our city look like? It will be very dirty and smelly. This question can help you know why you need to follow the rule.
⑤Tell other people to follow the rules when you see someone breaking them. You can give them a warm reminder. Most people will stop breaking the rule after you remind them.
If everyone follows these tips, we can all be good rule-followers and make our life better.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案：
36．Why does the writer write the first paragraph?
A．To tell us what the passage is about. B．To describe how bad breaking rules is.
C．To explain why we need rules. D．To ask people not to break any rules.
37．The underlined word “reminder” means “________”.
A．警告 B．提醒 C．表扬 D．惩罚
38．Which of the following is the writer’s idea?
A．We don’t need to know rules if we go to a place for the first time.
B．Breaking small rules won’t cause any bad results.
C．Thinking about “what if everyone does this” helps us follow rules.
D．We should not say anything when others break rules.
39．What’s the structure of the passage?
A．①//②③④⑤ B．①②//③④//⑤ C．①//②③//④⑤ D．①②③//④//⑤
40．What could be the best title for this passage?
A．Where can we find rules in our life B．Why we should play by the rules
C．How to be a good rule-follower in daily life D．What will happen if we break rules
【答案】36．A 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C
【导语】文章介绍了在日常生活中成为良好规则遵守者的方法，包括提前了解规则、不忽视小规则、换位思考以及提醒他人，旨在倡导大家遵守规则让生活更美好。
【详解】36．第一段中的句子“How to be a good rule-follower in our daily life? Here are some helpful tips.”表明，第一段通过提出问题并指出会有建议，旨在引出文章的主题，即告诉我们这篇文章是关于什么的。
37．第五段中的句子“Tell other people to follow the rules when you see someone breaking them. You can give them a warm reminder. Most people will stop breaking the rule after you remind them.”表明，后句的“remind them”是对前句“reminder”的解释，意为“提醒”。
38．第四段中的句子“Ask yourself ‘what if everyone does this?’... This question can help you know why you need to follow the rule.”表明，作者认为思考“如果每个人都这样做会怎样”有助于我们理解为何要遵守规则。
39．第一段中的句子“Here are some helpful tips.”及第二段至第五段分别列举的具体建议内容表明，文章第一段为总起引出主题，第二至第五段分述具体建议，属于总分结构。
40．第一段中的句子“How to be a good rule-follower in our daily life? Here are some helpful tips.”及全文内容表明，文章主要围绕如何在日常生活中成为良好的规则遵守者展开，该标题最能概括全文主旨。
五、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。
read, weekend, because, make, health, always,
play, lot, important, dish, wise, someone
My name is Anna. I’m a 12-year-old student. My parents love me, but they are strict with me. At home, I have 41 of rules.
Every day, I must get up early and 42 the bed. Then I have to exercise for half an hour. My father says it’s very 43 for me to exercise in the morning. It can help me keep 44 . After school, I must go home on time. After dinner, I help my mother do the 45 or clean the kitchen. In the evening, I can’t watch TV. I must either 46 books or do my homework. Then I must go to bed before nine o’clock 47 I have to get up early the next morning. My mother is a music teacher. She 48 teaches me to sing songs in her free time. At 49 , I need to play the piano or practise the guitar at home. I’m very good at 50 them now. I know my parents make the rules to help me be better. I am tired but happy every day.
【答案】
41．lots 42．make 43．important 44．healthy 45．dishes 46．read 47．because 48．always 49．weekends 50．playing
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Anna介绍了自己的家庭规矩、日常生活习惯以及兴趣爱好。
【详解】41．句意：在家里，我有很多规矩。根据下文举例了“很多”规矩，方框内选lot，lots of = a lot of，表示“许多”，修饰可数名词复数rules，故填lots。
42．句意：每天我必须早起并整理床铺。根据日常生活短语，早起后对应和“床”有关系的是“整理床铺”，make the bed意为“整理床铺”，must为情态动词，后接动词原形make。
43．句意：爸爸说早上锻炼对我来说很重要。固定句型It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.意为“做某事对某人来说很……”，方框内的important就是形容词，代入句中语义通顺，important意为“重要的”，符合语境。故填important。
44．句意：它能帮助我保持健康。根据句意：锻炼使人保持“健康”。方框内选用health，keep为系动词，后接形容词作表语，health的形容词形式为healthy。
45．句意：晚饭后，我帮妈妈洗碗或打扫厨房。此处短语和“clean the kitchen”并列，固定搭配do the dishes意为“洗碗”，方框内dish需用复数形式dishes。
46．句意：我必须要么读书要么做作业。搭配books的短语是“读书”，对应的短语是read books，must后接动词原形read。
47．句意：我必须在九点前睡觉，因为第二天我得早起。前后句为因果关系，后句解释原因，用because引导原因状语从句。
48．句意：她总是在空闲时间教我唱歌。句子主谓完整，teaches是动词，用副词修饰动词。句中缺少频度副词，方框内always是频度副词，符合句意。故填always，意为“总是”。
49．句意：在周末，我需要在家弹钢琴或练习吉他。根据上下文线索：前面讲平日的规则，转到“周末”安排。方框内选weekend，At weekends意为“在周末”，表示习惯性时间，weekend需用复数形式weekends。
50．句意：我现在很擅长演奏它们。固定搭配be good at doing sth，意为“擅长做某事”，them指代piano、guitar这些乐器，和乐器搭配的动词是play，故填playing。
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