Unit 4 Exploring literature（复习讲义）英语译林版必修第二册

译林版必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature (复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境：人与社会，话题是“文学作品”，语篇类型有：说明文、推荐信、小说(节选)、海报等跨文化场景展开。 2.词汇短语：认识阅读文学作品的意义；阅读原汁原味的英美文学经典作品，增强学生的阅读兴趣和动力，提升文学鉴赏能力，还要通过介绍优秀文学作品的特点，阐释阅读文学经典著作的意义，促进学生对美的追求和对生活的热爱等相关核心单词及变形、固定搭配。 3.语法：掌握“情态动词”。 4.应用文写作：培养文学阅读的习惯与兴趣；与同伴合作，完成一张海报，介绍一位作家,推荐一部经典文学作品。 复习重难点 重点：重点单词词性变形、语言文化类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。 难点：推荐信的写作和情态动词的进行式和完成式。 单元词汇 知识点 1. devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于 情景导学 My meaning simply is...that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely... 我的意思就是……无论我致力于什么,我都是全身心投入…… He devoted all his free time to reading literature. 他把所有的业余时间都用来读文学作品了。 用法归纳 ·devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于 devote...to (doing)... 把……用在/献给(做)某事上 注意：devote… to…中的to为介词, 其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。类似的词有： adapt… to…使适应; 使配合；adjust … to…调节……以适应；apply… to… 把……应用于……； prefer… to… 喜欢……胜过……；attach… to… 把……附在……上 词汇拓展 devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to致力于，献身于；忠诚于 devotion n. 奉献 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Li Lei is my ________ friend. Since graduation, he ________/________ himself to improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching, he has ________ a lot of time to raising money to build more schools. His ________ to his work moves the people deeply. (devote) 微写作 ②如果我被选中，我将努力成为一名合格的志愿者。希望您能考虑我的申请。 If I am chosen, I ________________________.I do hope that you can take my application into consideration. 【参考答案】 ①devoted; has been devoted/ has devoted; devoted; devotion ②will devote myself to being a qualified volunteer. 2. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁 情景导学 Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵,或者让一部巨著触动我们的心灵,这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界,一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。 Though he was poor, he never appealed to others for mercy. 尽管穷, 他从未向别人乞求怜悯。 The community is appealing to everyone to save water. 社区呼吁每个人节约用水。 We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 为建造这座桥, 我们呼吁村民捐款。 用法归纳 appeal to sb./sth. 吸引/迎合某人或某物 appeal to sb.for sth. 向某人申请某物 appeal (to sb.) to do sth. 呼吁(某人)做某事 ·make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 词汇拓展 appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的 注意：“引人注目的, 吸引人的”高频词 ①appealing　②attractive　③charming ④eye-catching　⑤absorbing ⑥fascinating 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Among the collections are some delicate Chinese vases, which appeal ________ visitors from all over the world. ②The art collection shown on the exhibition was ________(appeal). 微写作 ③为了强身健体，我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。 →Our school ________________ the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise to build up our health. →Our school ________________ the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise to build up our health. 【参考答案】 ①to ②appealing ③appeals to; makes an appeal to 3. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心 情景导学 The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特质。 He has determined/is determined to make an appeal to the local government to take measures to protect the cultural relics. 他决定呼吁当地政府采取措施保护文化遗产。 The whole group determined on an early start. 全队都决定了早点出发。 用法归纳 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 词汇拓展 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) determination n. 决心；决定 注意：表示“决定做某事”的其他表达: decide to do sth. make up one's mind to do sth. 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①The ________(determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. ②He determined ________ facing the defeat bravely instead of escaping from reality. 微写作 ③正是老师的鼓励使大卫决定参加赛跑。 It was the teacher’s encouragement that made David ________________ the running race.(determine to do) 【参考答案】 ①determined ②on/ upon ③determined to take part in 4. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 情景导学 The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特质。 It is significant that we should attach great significance to environmental protection. 重要的是我们应该强调保护环境的重要性。 Plogging not only helps us keep physically and mentally healthy but also is of great significance to protect the environment and our homeland. 跑步捡垃圾不仅有助于我们保持身心健康,而且对保护环境和我们的家园具有重要意义。 用法归纳 It is significant that... ……有重要意义 词汇拓展 significance n. 重要性；意义 be of significance = be significant 有重要意义的 attach significance to 重视，认为……重要/有意义 significantly adv. 重大地；显著地 insignificant adj. 不重要的;无足轻重的 注意： (1)常用于“be＋of＋n.”结构的名词有use, importance, help, benefit, value等，此结构相当于“be＋该名词的形容词形式”。 (2)常用于这一结构的修饰语有great, little, some, any, no, much等。 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①From this project，I have become aware of the ________(significant) of cooperation and teammates. ②I attach great significance to ________(work)out at school，so we students must have PE classes actively and punctually. 微写作 ③总之，在线学习对我们的学业发展很重要。 All in all，online learning is ________________/is ________________ to our academic development. 【参考答案】 ① significance ②working ③of great significance/ very significant 5. description n. 描述，形容，说明 情景导学 The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. 文学的第一个品质就是对真与美的描述。 The couple are spending their holiday on what is described as the most beautiful island in the world. 这对夫妇正在被称为世界上最美丽的岛屿上度假。 用法归纳 a description of... ……的描述/描写 a detailed/full/brief/general description 详细的/详尽的/简要的/大致的描述 beyond description 无法形容,难以描述 give a description of　对……进行描述/描写 词汇拓展 describe v. 描述；形容 describe...as... 把……描述为…… describe how/what... 描述…… descriptive adj. 描写的, 叙述的 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①The police asked me to give a ________(describe) of how the accident happened. ②Tom described himself ________ a kind man. 微写作 ③西湖非常美, 难以用言语来描述。 The West Lake is very beautiful and it is ________________. 【参考答案】①description ② as ③beyond description 6. sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的 情景导学 Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 一些真与美一直被忽视, 直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意, 就像贝壳反射出未被注意的声音一样。 I learned that fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 我了解到鱼是一种冷血动物, 因此对水温非常敏感。 用法归纳 be sensitive to　　对……敏感 be sensitive about 对……敏感的(感情上)/容易生气的 词汇拓展 sense n. 感觉官能, 观念 a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默/责任感 there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事无意义 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①There is no sense ________ pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it. ②The head teacher must be ________(sense) to a kid’s needs. 微写作 ③他有一种强烈的责任感。 He has ________________ responsibility. 【参考答案】①in ②sensitive ③a strong sense of 7. reflect vt. & vi. 反射(声、光、热等)；反映，显示；映出(影像)；仔细思考，沉思 情景导学 Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 有些真与美一直不为人察觉,直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意,正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。 I reflected on/upon my father's words, from which I learnt a lot. 我认真思考了父亲的话,从中我学到了很多。 用法归纳 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/沉思某事 词汇拓展 reflection n. 反射;反映;映像 on/upon reflection 经过认真思考 be lost in reflection 陷入沉思 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①On her way home she reflected ________ the process of the interview and hoped that the result would be good. ②On ________(reflect), I decided to go ahead. 微写作 ③我躺在床上，反思今天一天是如何度过的。 I lay on the bed, ________________________. 【参考答案】① on ②reflection ③reflecting on how I spent today 8. contain vt. 包含,含有,容纳;控制,克制,抑制 情景导学 He couldn't contain himself, asking me the same question again and again. 他无法克制自己，一遍又一遍地问我同样的问题。 用法归纳 (1)contain oneself 克制自己 (2)container n. 容器 易混辨析 contain表示所含之物的全部或一部分,侧重所含的数量或成分,不用于进行时。include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,通常指同类。常使用“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”结构。 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①I received a letter that ________(contain)some important information about the project. ② She couldn’t contain ________(oneself) after being treated rudely. 微写作 现在在建的体育馆足够大，可以容纳10,000名观众。 The stadium being built now is ________________________________. 【参考答案】 ①contains ②herself ③large enough to contain an audience of 10,000 9. particular adj. 特别的,格外的；特指的；挑剔的 情景导学 ①Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. 尤其是老师可以就有趣的阅读材料提供建议，这些材料在图书馆或书店很容易找到。 ②He is very particular about the kitchen—everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place. 他对厨房非常讲究--每件东西都必须非常干净，而且要放在相应的位置。 用法归纳 be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔 in particular 特别;尤其 词汇拓展 particularly adv. 尤其 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①There is no need for her to be very particular ________ what she wears. ②I am ________(particular) interested in this job because I want to improve my oral English. 微写作 ③当我们试图跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。 When we attempt to communicate across cultures, body language is ________________. 【参考答案】①about ②particularly ③particularly important 10. mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的v.表示……的意思；本意是；打算；意味着 情景导学 The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主要人物是斯克鲁奇，一个富有但吝啬的老人。 The rich boss, who is mean to his workers, is so mean with money that he doesn't like to donate any to those in need, which contributes to his failure in the end. 那位富有的老板对他的员工很刻薄，对钱非常吝啬，不愿捐一分钱给那些穷困的人，这最终导致了他的失败。 用法归纳 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬 【知识延伸】 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 means n. 方法，方式 by means of 借助……手段，依靠……方法 by all means可以，当然行 by no means 绝不 meaning n. 意思；意义 meaningful adj. 有意义的；重大的 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①She doesn't care about wasting her time, but is mean ________ money. ②Don't be mean ________ your brother. 微写作 ③我原本不打算吃任何东西，但是冰激凌看起来如此美味以至于我情不自禁地尝了尝它。 I ________________________ but the ice cream looked so delicious that I couldn't help trying it. 【参考答案】①with ②to ③didn't mean to eat anything 11. generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 情景导学 There is something that can be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we should treat others with kindness, generosity and love. 可以从《圣诞颂歌》里学到一些东西：我们应该以善意、宽容和爱对待他人。 用法归纳 (1)generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，宽宏大量的，仁慈的；丰富的 be generous with sth. 在……方面大方 be generous to sb. 对某人大方 (2)It is generous of sb. to do... 某人做……真大方 词汇拓展 generously adv. 慷慨地 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①He accepted the apology with great ________(generous). ②I'd like to thank Mary, who's been very generous ________ her time. 微写作 ③当他的朋友们向他求助时,他总是慷慨解囊。 He ________________________ his money when his friends turn to him for help. 【参考答案】①generosity ②with ③is always generous with 12. destroy vt. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏 情景导学 Criticizing will only destroy a relationship and create feelings of failure. 批评只能破坏关系, 让人产生失败感。 用法归纳 destroy one's life/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/希望/信心 词汇拓展 destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 destructive adj. 引起破坏的 【易混辨析】 damage 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词, 指彻底地破坏, 以致不可能修复, 常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复, 是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物, 也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①It is vital that we should take action to stop the ________(destroy) of rainforest. ②The ________(destroy) of natural habitats has caused the number of monarchs to crash. 微写作 ③至于具体措施，首先，在参观历史遗迹时，我们应该遵守规则，避免破坏文化遗产。(while引导省略时间状语从句) As for the specific measures, first, while visiting the relics, we should follow the rules to avoid ________ cultural heritage. 【参考答案】①destruction ②destructive ③destroying 13. defeat vt. 击败，战胜n.失败，战败；击败 情景导学 He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. 他非常擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被击败”。 用法归纳 (1)defeat the enemy　 打败敌人 (2)a big/bad defeat 大败 a narrow defeat 惜败 suffer a defeat 遭受失败 admit defeat 认输 Our baseball team suffered a defeat last week, but we didn’t give up. 我们的棒球队上周失利了, 但我们没有放弃。 【易混辨析】 defeat 宾语是竞争敌手，可以是人或团体 二者经常替换使用 beat 通常用于游戏或比赛中，表示“击败” win 宾语不能是竞争对手，而是 war、prize、game、match、battle、competition、support、respect等之类的词 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①The ________(defeat) team left the field with disappointment. ②They suffered ________ heavy defeat in the battle. 微写作 ③我们相信, 只要我们努力拼搏、通力合作, 我们就能战胜对手。 We believe that by working hard and working together, we can ________________________. 【参考答案】①defeated ② a ③defeat our opponents 14. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图 情景导学 After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish. 在两手空空 84 天后，圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。 The doctors made an attempt to save the boy's life. 医生们试图挽救这个男孩的生命。 用法归纳 (1)attempt to do sth./attempt at (doing) sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 (2)at the first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 词汇拓展 attempted adj. 未遂的 【易混辨析】 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.,结果不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①Dale tried desperately and after several ________(attempt) he finally made it. ②One afternoon, while attempting ________(get) into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. 微写作 ③为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。 ________________________ more customers, they took a variety of measures. 【参考答案】①attempts ②to get ③In an attempt to attract 15. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的 情景导学 Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. 你现在脑子开始犯糊涂了, 他想。 If you are confused about/at anything, call me. 如果有不明白的地方，就给我打电话。 Don't confuse Jim with his twin brother.They are much alike. 不要把吉姆跟他的孪生弟弟混淆了，他们长得太像了。 用法归纳 be/get confused about... 对……感到困惑 词汇拓展 confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 confuse vt. 使迷惑；使糊涂 confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 confuse sb. with sth. 用某物迷惑某人 confusion n. 混乱；困惑 in confusion困窘地 【易混辨析】 confused多用来描述中心词或主语的感受，常以人作主语或修饰与人有关的look、voice、expression等词；而confusing多用来说明中心词或主语本身的特征，常以事物作主语。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①To Henry, Chinese is a ________(confuse) language. ②A survey showed people were ________(confuse) about what they should eat to stay healthy. ③There is some ________(confuse) about what the correct procedure should be. 微写作 ④大多数老年人对于如何使用移动支付会感到困惑。 Most senior people will ________________________ use mobile payment. 【参考答案】①confusing ②confused ③confusion ④get confused about how to 单元句型 1.句型公式be doing sth… when… 情景导学 A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 孩子和男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发，这时开始下雨了。 He had just finished his homework when his mother came back. 他刚做完作业，这时他妈妈回来了。 知识总结 教材原句为be doing...when...句型，意为“正在做……这时……”,类似结构有： (1)had just done...when...“刚做了……这时……” (2)be about to do...when...“正要做……这时……” (3)be on the point of doing...when...“正要做……这时……” 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①He was making faces to the class ________ the teacher came in. ②I was about ________(speak) when Peter interrupted me. 微写作 ③亨利正要锁门时听到手机响了。 →Henry ________________________________ he heard his phone ringing. →Henry ________________________________ he heard his phone ringing. 【参考答案】 ①when ②to speak ③was about to lock the door when; was on the point of locking the door when 2.句型公式 表否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首引起的部分倒装 情景导学 Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。 Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他刚到车站，火车就开动了。 Neither have I seen him, nor have I heard from him recently. 最近我既没有见过他，也没有收到他的信。 知识总结 (1)当表示否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首时,句子用部分倒装，即把 be动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。有类似用法的词或短语有never、seldom、hardly、rarely、neither...nor、not until、in no way、by no means、on no account、in no sense、no longer等。 (2)主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装；not only...but also...连接的并列复合句中，not only所在分句要部分倒装，but also所在分句不倒装。 即时练习 完成句子 ①你千万不要灰心，继续努力，你迟早会成功的。(in no sense) ________________________________; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. ②父母不仅给了我们生命，而且给了我们无尽的爱和支持。(not only...but also...) ________________________________, but they give us endless love and support. ③(情绪、动作描写)他几乎无法抑制他的悲伤。(hardly) ________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 ①In no sense should you lose heart ②Not only do parents give us life ③Hardly could he contain his sadness. 3.句型公式with的复合结构 情景导学 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 With everything bought, he left the supermarket. 买完了所有的东西,他离开了超市。 With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to music. 有许多事情要处理,我只好停止听音乐。 知识总结 with复合结构的构成： (1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)with+宾语+doing (表主动或进行) (3)with+宾语+done (表被动或完成) (4)with+宾语+to do (表未做) 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________(finish),he gladly accepted it. ②________ his parents away, Tom becomes naughtier. 微写作 ③他躺在草地上,眼睛望着天空。 He lay on the grass ________________________________________________. 【参考答案】①finished ②with ③with his eyes looking at the sky 单元语法：情态动词 一. 概念 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表明说话人的看法或主观设想。 二. 基本用法 (1)can/could的用法 ①表示能力，意为“能，会”，泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。 ②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。 ③表示许可，意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别，只是could的语气更加委婉。 ④表示推测，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信；且此时could的可能性比can小；常见can't形式表推测。 His brother studying in college can speak four kinds of foreign languages. 他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime, so it is nothing serious. 任何人在一生中都可能犯错误，因此这没什么大不了的。 Could I have a look at that new monitor？ 我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗？ He's just had lunch， so he can't be hungry at present. 他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。 (2)may/might的用法 ①表示请求和许可。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ②表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 ③may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 —Might/May I answer the phone in this room？—No, you can't/mustn't, because it is the meeting room. ——我可以在这个房间接电话吗？——不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 或许你妈妈不知道真相。 May you have a healthy body all the time. 愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。 (3)must与have to的用法 ①表示“必须,必要”时，must强调说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要；must没有时态变化, have to 有时态变化。 Children must stay with their parents throughout the entire event. 整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。 Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her. 她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。 【易错提示】must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”；回答must引起的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn't, 而要用 needn't或 don't have to。 ②must表示推测、可能性(只用于表肯定的陈述句)。 ③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏；偏要；一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now？—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗？——是的, 你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。 You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 Your mother must be waiting for you now, so you'd better go back earlier. 你妈妈现在一定在等你，所以你最好早点回去。 I'm sleeping now. Must you make so much noise？我正在睡觉。 你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗？ (4)dare与need的用法 ①dare 作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 ②need作情态动词时，表示“需要，有必要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”；对 need 开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用need,作否定回答时用 needn't。 —Need I finish my homework today?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't. ——我今天需要完成家庭作业吗？——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 I dare not go there alone. 我不敢独自去那儿。 You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心这件事。 ③dare和need 也可以用作实义动词。 I didn't dare to say a word. 我不敢说一句话。 You don't need to come in person. 你没有必要亲自来。 (5)shall与should/ought to的用法 ①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见；用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 What shall we do this evening? 今天晚上我们做什么？ You shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我看完这本书你可以看。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it. 如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。 ②should/ought to表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称；should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然，竟然”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。 ③should/ought to表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重；在疑问句中常用should。 You ought to attend to your parents when they are old. 当你的父母年老时，你应该照顾他们。 (6)will/would的用法 ①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我,好吗? ②表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never say those words to you any more. 我再也不会对你说那些话了。 ③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是”。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。 【知识拓展】情态动词的进行式、完成式和完成进行式 (1)情态动词后接动词的进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 (2)情态动词后接动词的完成式，表示对过去情况的推测(can、could、may、might、must)或表示虚拟(may、might、could、should、need)。 (3)情态动词后接动词的完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。 Tom may be reading in the library now. 汤姆现在可能正在图书馆阅读。 Jack must have arrived home by now. 杰克现在肯定已经到家了。 You can't have seen Helen yesterday because she was in London. 你昨天是不可能看到海伦的，因为她当时在伦敦。 即时练习 一. 单句语法填空(根据句意，填入适当的情态动词) 1. If you’re the host, you ________ ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 【答案】can 【详解】句意：如果你是主人，你可以请他们到厨房搭把手，巧妙地让他们离开当下这个场合。本句为真实条件句，if引导条件状语从句，一般现在时表条件，主句表达能够、可以，用情态动词can。 2. Paid training and a company car are provided. You ________ have a driver’s license and a good driving record. You also need to have a smart phone for communication. 【答案】must 【详解】句意：提供带薪培训以及公司用车。你必须拥有驾照和良好的驾驶记录。你还需要一部智能手机用于沟通。空格后为动词原形have，空格需要填入情态动词，表示“必须”，描述应聘的必备条件。must表示“必须”，用来强调硬性要求。 3. “Stop right there! You ________ leave right now!” he called out, holding the branch with both hands. 【答案】must 【详解】句意：“立刻停下！你必须马上离开！”他大声喊道，双手紧握着那根树枝。根据“Stop right there!”的制止语气可知，此空是must，表示“必须”。 4. --You didn’t wait for Mr Smith last night, did you? --No, but we didn’t need ________. He didn’t return home at all. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：--昨晚你们没有等史密斯先生，是吗？--是的，不过我们没必要等。他根本就没回家。此空考查固定用法，need此处为实义动词，后面接不定式to wait，此处可以省略后面的动词只保留to，所以应填to。 5. You ________ expect your child to tackle their tasks with enthusiasm while you’re complaining about loading the dishwasher. 【答案】can’t 【详解】句意：你不能指望自己一边抱怨着要把碗碟装进洗碗机，孩子却能满怀热情地完成他们的任务。这里表示“不能”，用情态动词can’t表达否定的可能性或合理性。 6. Your plan ________ include everything from training session times to specific exercises or goals you have for each session. 【答案】should 【详解】句意：你的计划应当包含所有内容，从训练时段到每次训练对应的具体练习或目标。句子语境是说明计划理应涵盖从训练时段到每时段具体训练内容、目标的所有相关内容，情态动词should可表达“理应、应该”的含义，契合此处对计划内容的合理要求的语义。 7. Lily realized someone ________ be anxious about losing this wallet. 【答案】must 【详解】句意：莉莉意识到有人一定很担心丢失这个钱包。此处是对当下情况作出语气十分肯定的推测，用must do/be。 8. Indoor plants ________ look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 【答案】might 【详解】句意：室内植物或许看起来就只是待在那儿，没什么动静，但在很多方面，它们是家里默默无闻的英雄。might表示“或许、可能”，用来表达一种不那么肯定的推测。 9. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there ________ be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 【答案】can 【详解】句意：尽管昆士兰铁路公司全力确保列车准点运行，但无法保证列车之间以及列车与公交服务之间的换乘衔接。分析句子可知，此处为there can be no guarantee是正式文本中的常用固定表达，意为“无法保证、不存在保证”，can在此处表示客观上的可能性，说明 “保证”这件事客观上不成立。 10. If you plan on working out in a gym, that person ________ belong to the same gym. 【答案】must 【详解】句意：如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人必须属于同一个健身房。本句表述健身房的使用规则，must意为“必须”，带有强制约束力，体现规章制度的严肃性，契合健身场馆的规范语境。 11. Submissions ________ be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. 【答案】must 【详解】句意：投稿作品字数必须控制在 250 词以内。作品可以是诗歌、短篇故事这类独立篇章，也可以是长篇作品的节选。本句是投稿规则中的硬性字数要求，must意为“必须、务必”，带有强制约束力，体现官方规定的严肃性，比should(应当)的强制性更强，契合投稿须知的正式规范语境。 12. For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI ________ adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user’s preferences and responses. 【答案】can 【详解】句意：例如，由人工智能驱动的互动展品可根据用户的偏好和反馈调整内容及难度等级。此处表示AI驱动的互动展品具备的功能特性，用情态动词can，用来表示展品“能够、可以”。 13. AI ________ help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 【答案】can 【详解】句意：人工智能能够帮助识别最细微的损坏迹象，例如裂缝或褪色，这些迹象往往是人眼看不见的。空后为动词原形，所以此处使用情态动词，结合句意，此处表示“能够，可以”，为情态动词can，后接动词原形help。 14. In conclusion, we ________ have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient. 【答案】should 【详解】句意：总之，我们应该充分了解它的优点和缺点，并找到合适的方法使我们的学习更有效率。空后为动词原形have，结合语境，此处表达建议“应该”做某事，应用情态动词should。 15. Paid training and a company car are provided. You ________ have a driver’s license and a good driving record. You also need to have a smart phone for communication. 【答案】must 【详解】句意：公司提供带薪培训与公车。你必须持有驾照以及良好的驾驶记录，同时你还需要一部智能手机用于沟通。本句为岗位招聘硬性要求，用情态动词must表示规定上“必须”满足的条件。 二. 完成句子 1. 他不得不去躺一会儿。 He ________________ down for a while. 【答案】had to go and lie 2. 由于时间有限，我们只能匆匆忙忙地吃饭。 As time is limited, we ________________ our meal. 【答案】had to rush 3. 请你喂一下猫好吗？ ________________ the cat, please? 【答案】Can you feed 4. 要找到一本书，你没有必要必须知道作者的名字，你可以通过书名找到书。 You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ________________ by the title. 【答案】can find the book 5. 无论在中国还是在外国，残疾人都应当得到尊重和帮助。(should) Whether in China or in the foreign countries, ________________________ and helped. 【答案】the disabled should be respected 6. 这场飓风一定造成了巨大的破坏与苦难。 The hurricane ________________ a lot of damage and suffering. 【答案】must have caused 7. 两年后我们不得不去适应大学生活。 We have to ________________ ________ university life two years later. 【答案】have to adapt; to 8. 比赛结束后，我们最好反思一下我们学到的内容。 After the competition, ________________ what we have learned. 【答案】we’d better reflect on 9. 我们应该尽力在即将到来的高中生活中不断进步。 We ________________ improve ourselves in the coming senior high school life. 【答案】should try our best to 10. 我们不应该在公共场所大声喧哗。 We ________ ________ shout loudly in public places. 【答案】should not 三、运用所学情态动词相关的知识补全短文。 Li Fang 1.________(无法读书) for a week with a eyeache. Her mother told her that she 2.________(应该去) the hospital and see a doctor as soon as possible. She added, “You 3.________(可能需要) glasses. ”  Li Fang went to the hospital. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 4. ________________(可以见她) at 3: 30. Li Fang replied that she 5.________________________(不能到那里) at 3: 30 because she had a class then. “6.________________________(我能把你登记) for ten to four? ” the appointment clerk suggested. Li Fang thought she 7.________________(不应浪费) any more time. So she replied, “I think I 8.________________(可以赶到) at ten to four. ”  　Li Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, “9.________________(我可以离开) at 3: 45 today? I 10.________________(必须做) an eye examination. ” As expected, the teacher said, “Yes, of course you can. ”  【答案】 1. couldn’t read 2. should go to 3. may/might need 4. could see her 5. would not be able to be there/couldn’t be there 6. Shall I put you down 7. shouldn’t waste 8. can make it 9. May/Can I leave 10. must/have to have (时间：40分钟) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. To make progress every day, you’d better set yourself a s________(具体的) learning goal for each day and each week. 【答案】specific 2. She is always kind and helpful; t________(因此), she is loved by everyone around her. 【答案】therefore 3. The country plans to l________(发射) another spacecraft to explore outer space next year. 【答案】launch 4. He is very interested in classic l________(文学) and has read many books by Lu Xun and Dickens. 【答案】literature 5. It is a ________(普遍的) truth that hard work plays an important part in every person’s path to success. 【答案】universal 6. How much you’re paid r________(反映) how important you are to the company. 【答案】reflects 7. Where you are right now doesn’t have to d________(决定) where you’ll end up. 【答案】determine 8. The researcher wrote a brief s________(总结；摘要) of the whole experiment, which covered all major discoveries and problems that appeared during the testing period. 【答案】summary 9. A walking house is c________(有能力的) of using GPS technology to travel to different places. 【答案】capable 10. He is quite s________(敏感的) to what is happening around. 【答案】sensitive Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1. When asked about this, she got this ________(confuse) look on her face. 【答案】confused 【详解】句意：当被问及此事时，她脸上露出了困惑的表情。空格处需用形容词修饰名词 “look”(表情)，描述人的感受；confused，表示“感到困惑的”，用于修饰人或与人相关的表情、神态等。 2. Skipping breakfast is ________(extreme) harmful to our fitness. 【答案】extremely 【详解】句意：不吃早餐对我们的健康非常有害。空处修饰形容词harmful，应填副词extremely作状语。 3. How many buildings ________(destroy) when the hurricane ended? 【答案】had been destroyed 【详解】句意：当飓风结束时，有多少建筑物已经被摧毁了？句中从句部分when the hurricane ended使用了一般过去时。建筑物被毁坏的动作发生在飓风结束之前，即属于“过去的过去”，因此主句需要使用过去完成时。主语buildings与动词destroy之间是被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态。因此，句子用过去完成时的被动语态。 4. After a deep ________(reflect) on my first week, I realized I needed to improve my time management skills. 【答案】reflection 【详解】句意：在对我的第一周进行深入反思之后，我意识到我需要提高我的时间管理能力。 空格前有不定冠词a和形容词deep，空处需填单数名词。所给单词reflect是动词，意为“反思；思考”，它对应的名词形式是reflection。 5. I couldn’t do my homework with the noise ________(go) on. 【答案】going 【详解】句意：噪音持续不断，我没法做作业。空处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，noise与go之间为主动关系，应用现在分词going，作宾语补足语。 6. The home team managed ________(defeat) their opponents by a narrow margin in the final match. 【答案】to defeat 【详解】句意：主队在决赛中以微弱优势设法击败了对手。 此空考查固定搭配manage to do sth.，意为“设法做成某事”，to后面接动词原形，所以应填defeat。 7. I ________(do) like the book very much. 【答案】do 【详解】句意：我确实非常喜欢这本书。此处do为助动词，用来强调谓语动词；主语为I，时态一般现在时。 8. It was her ________(generous) that offered poor children a chance to receive good education. 【答案】generosity 【详解】句意：正是她的慷慨为贫困儿童提供了接受良好教育的机会。her为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，再结合句意“慷慨”应填generous的名词形式generosity，强调句式It was...that用来强调主语her generosity。 9. Lots of pieces of advanced equipment ________(transport) into the town so far. 【答案】have been transported 【详解】句意：到目前为止，许多先进的设备已被运送到镇上。句中时间状语so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志；主语Lots of pieces of advanced equipment(许多台先进设备)和动词transport(运输)之间是被动关系，需使用被动语态；“pieces of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和piece的数保持一致，此处pieces为复数，因此助动词用have。 10. Her ________(describe) of the concert made me wish I had been there. 【答案】description 【详解】句意：她对这场音乐会的描述让我真希望当时我也在场。形容词性物主代词Her后接名词，describe的名词形式为description，表示“描述”。 Ⅲ.短语填空 achieve great success, make remarkable contributions, win worldwide fame, promote social progress create great value, accomplish the goals, a great figure, role model, set a good example timeless influence, deserve the reputation 1. After more than fifteen years of dedicated research, the brilliant scientist finally ________ by developing a completely renewable and affordable energy source. 2. Mother Teresa ________ to the poorest and sickest people in India and was rightfully awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her extraordinary humanitarian work. 3. William Shakespeare ________ as a brilliant playwright, and his timeless works are still performed and read enthusiastically all over the world today. 4. The remarkable invention of the modern printing press greatly ________ by making it possible to spread knowledge and literacy to the general public cheaply. 5. A truly successful entrepreneur knows exactly how to ________ for society by creating useful products and providing fair employment opportunities. 6. The dedicated team worked together day and night for several months in order to successfully ________ of the complex engineering project. 7. In the long history of China, the famous philosopher Confucius is undoubtedly ________ whose wise teachings continue to guide millions of people even today. 8. My strong and loving mother has always been my most important ________ because she works incredibly hard and always treats everyone with kindness and respect. 9. The responsible teacher always tries to ________ for her young students by arriving at school on time, being well prepared, and treating everyone fairly. 10. His many outstanding achievements in the field of theoretical physics certainly ________; he is truly a living legend in his area of expertise. 【答案】 1. achieved great success 2. made remarkable contributions 3. won worldwide fame 4. promoted social progress 5. create great value 6. accomplish the goals 7. a great figure 8. role model 9. set a good example 10. deserve the reputation Ⅳ.高级句式表达 1. 我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，她致力于教学。 →The person I admire most is my English teacher ________________________.(过去分词短语作定语) →The person I admire most is my English teacher ________________________.(定语从句) 【答案】devoted to teaching us; who is devoted to teaching us 2. 作者呼吁我们要对动物更加友好。 →The author ________________________ kinder to animals. (appeal v.) →The author ________________________ kinder to animals. (appeal n.) 【答案】appeals to us to be; makes an appeal to us to be 3.大家都知道，此项目极其重要。 →As we all know, this project ________________________. (significant) →As we all know, this project ________________________. (significance) 【答案】is very significant; is of great significance 4. 这个团队尝试爬上那座山。 →The team ________________________________.(attempt n.) →The team ________________________________.(attempt v.) 【答案】made an attempt to climb/at climbing the mountain; attempted to climb/at climbing the mountain 5. 我们惊奇的不是他的外貌，而是她的写作技能。 →________________________ her appearance, but at her excellent writing skills. →________________________ was not her appearance, but her excellent writing skills. (what引导主语从句) 【答案】We were not amazed at; What amazed us 6. 我从未见过如此漂亮的湖，在太阳下闪闪发光。 → I ________________________, which shines brightly in the sun. →Never ________________________ such a beautiful lake, which shines brightly in the sun. 【答案】have never seen such a beautiful lake; have I seen Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Novelist and screenwriter Hanif Kureishi remembers only bits and pieces of the day in 2022 when his life changed forever. He recalls being sick with a stomach infection and starting to feel faint(昏眩) and then his memory got unclear. Looking back, Kureishi says, he likely stood up to walk, and then fell flat on his face, breaking his neck. Kureishi says when he woke up, he was in a pool of blood. He could speak, but he was unable to move his hands or other parts of his body. He spent a year in hospital before he was able to return home, where he was assisted by 24-hour caregivers. “In the beginning, there was a lot of anger,” he says. “Your ordinary life was taken away from you by an illness — as will happen to so many of us — you are absolutely angry. And you become angry with the people around you. You become angry with your life.” Kureishi was nominated(提名) for an Oscar for his screenplay of the 1985 film My Beautiful Launderette. He went on to more films and books, including the 1990 novel The Buddha of Suburbia. Kureishi started writing his new life story, Shattered, just days after the break by dictating(口述) the story to his wife and his son. In it, he describes being completely dependent on others, feeling helpless and ashamed. But he says writing about his condition also gives him purpose. Even though he can’t use his fingers to hold something or pick up a pen or anything like that, he is writing a blog every single day about his condition. He feels stronger than he was. Now he is writing another book. He is very excited about what he is doing, and he gets up in the morning and looks forward to the day, thinking what he is going to do today and whether it is going to be exciting. 1. What happened to Kureishi in 2022? A. He lost his memory. B. He suffered an accident. C. He had his face broken. D. He got a sudden stomachache. 2. How did Kureishi adapt to writing after losing the ability to move? A. The prize he won inspired him. B. He learned to type with his feet. C. He got support from his family. D. He hired a responsible caregiver. 3. Which of the following best describes Kureishi? A. Bitter and defeated. B. Strong-willed and adaptable. C. Productive and carefree. D. Fearful and disheartened. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Challenge Himself: from Screen to Novel B. Shattered: Presentation of New Life Story C. An Unexpected Disaster Turned into Fortune D. A Writer’s Journey to Recovery Through Words 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小说家兼编剧哈尼夫·库雷西在2022年因病导致颈部受伤，生活发生巨变。起初他感到愤怒和无助，但随后他开始口述自己的新生活故事《破碎》并坚持每天写博客记录自己的状况，这让他找到了生活的目标并对此感到非常兴奋和期待。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Novelist and screenwriter Hanif Kureishi remembers only bits and pieces of the day in 2022 when his life changed forever. He recalls being sick with a stomach infection and starting to feel faint (昏眩) and then his memory got unclear. Looking back, Kureishi says, he likely stood up to walk, and then fell flat on his face, breaking his neck. (小说家兼编剧哈尼夫・库雷希只记得2022年那一天的点点滴滴，而那一天永远地改变了他的人生。他记得自己当时患上了胃部感染，开始感到昏眩，然后记忆就变得模糊不清了。库雷希回忆说，回想起来，他当时可能是起身要走路，然后脸朝下直挺挺地摔倒了，摔断了脖子)”可知，2022年库雷西遭遇了一场事故。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Kureishi started writing his new life story, Shattered, just days after the break by dictating(口述) the story to his wife and his son. (库雷西在摔伤后几天就开始口述自己的新生活故事《破碎》，他的妻子和儿子帮他记录下来。)”可知，在失去行动能力后，库雷西通过家人的支持继续写作。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Kureishi started writing his new life story, Shattered, just days after the break by dictating the story to his wife and his son. In it, he describes being completely dependent on others, feeling helpless and ashamed.(库雷什在受伤几天后就开始通过向妻子和儿子口述来撰写新的人生故事《破碎》。在书中，他描述了完全依赖他人、感到无助和羞愧的状态。)”及第五段中的“Even though he can’t use his fingers to hold something or pick up a pen or anything like that, he is writing a blog every single day about his condition. He feels stronger than he was. Now he is writing another book. He is very excited about what he is doing, and he gets up in the morning and looks forward to the day, thinking what he is going to do today and whether it is going to be exciting. (尽管他无法用手指握住东西、拿起笔或其他类似物品，但他每天都在写关于自己状况的博客。他感觉比以前更坚强了。现在他正在写另一本书。他对自己正在做的事情感到非常兴奋，每天早上醒来都期待着这一天，思考今天要做什么，以及是否会很令人兴奋。)”可知，他在重伤后并未消沉，而是通过口述坚持写作，甚至每日更新博客，展现出顽强的意志力和适应能力。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段中的“But he says writing about his condition also gives him purpose. Even though he can’t use his fingers to hold something or pick up a pen or anything like that, he is writing a blog every single day about his condition. He feels stronger than he was. Now he is writing another book. He is very excited about what he is doing, and he gets up in the morning and looks forward to the day, thinking what he is going to do today and whether it is going to be exciting.(但他说，写下自己的状况也让他找到了生活的目标。尽管他无法用手指握住东西、拿起笔或其他类似物品，但他每天都在写关于自己状况的博客。他感觉比以前更坚强了。现在他正在写另一本书。他对自己正在做的事情感到非常兴奋，每天早上醒来都期待着这一天，思考今天要做什么，以及是否会很令人兴奋。)”可知，文章围绕库雷什在意外受伤后，通过文字创作(口述书籍、撰写博客)实现心理康复的过程展开，所以D选项“作家通过文字走向康复的旅程”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 B The Weirdest Tales in History promises stories too strange, dark or awkward for a typical classroom lesson. These are the kinds of stories your history teacher might have skipped over, even though they’re just as fascinating. From Ancient Rome to Cold War experiments, the book explores a wide range of lesser-known historical events. The book is made up of individual stories, so you can pick it up and start anywhere. Each one begins with ratings for absurdity, evidence, and cruelty, along with a “Tell-at-a-Party” introduction designed to grab your attention. The Roman Empire Goes to Auction, for example, opens like this: “In 193 CE (AD 193), Roman soldiers literally auctioned off(拍卖掉) the entire empire to the highest bidder(出价者) — and the winner ruled for 66 days before being killed.” The stories are told in a dramatic, often witty style that makes history feel alive and engaging. Each one ends with a “Truth Meter”, which sorts the details into “rock-solid”, “probable” or “debated”. A “Why This Story Matters” section then discusses the event’s historical impact and modern relevance. The analysis of the Roman auction, for instance, notes: “This isn’t just Rome’s weirdest moment. It’s a masterclass in what happens when the people guarding the system realize they can sell the system.” The informal style might strike some readers as too silly for serious history. However, the stories are well-researched and offer a fresh way to learn about the past. The book’s appeal goes beyond history, too. Its everyday language gives English as a second language (ESL) learners a chance to see how English is actually used, making it a great model for anyone who wants to sound more natural in English. Garlandium Books, the publisher, says on its Amazon page that its mission is “sharing knowledge in the most engaging way possible”. The Weirdest Tales in History largely lives up to that promise. Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, the book takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through some of the stranger, often grimmer corners of the past. 5. What do we know about the stories in the book? A. They follow a fixed time order. B. They center on famous events. C. They are rarely taught at school. D. They’re too dark to be interesting. 6. Why is the Roman auction mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the book’s format. B. To explain how auctions worked. C. To highlight the stories’ grimness. D. To show the book’s dramatic style. 7. What does the “Truth Meter” offer readers? A. A reliability check on the facts. B. A summary of each story’s plot. C. A measure of each story’s grimness. D. A rating of each story’s lasting value. 8. What does the author think of the book? A. Plain and practical. B. Strange but uplifting. C. Serious and demanding. D. Amusing and reliable. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 【导语】本文主要介绍《The Weirdest Tales in History》这本书的内容、编排特色、语言风格以及它的价值与优点。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Weirdest Tales in History promises stories too strange, dark or awkward for a typical classroom lesson. These are the kinds of stories your history teacher might have skipped over, even though they’re just as fascinating.(《史上最离奇故事》收录了那些太过怪异、沉重或尴尬，不适合常规课堂的故事。这类故事历史老师可能会略过，尽管它们同样吸引人)”可知，书中的故事很少在学校讲授。 6. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The book is made up of individual stories, so you can pick it up and start anywhere. Each one begins with ratings for absurdity, evidence, and cruelty, along with a “Tell-at-a-Party” introduction designed to grab your attention.(这本书由独立故事组成，你可以随手翻开从任意地方读起。每个故事开头都有荒诞度、证据充分度、残酷程度评分，还有用来吸引读者的趣味引言)”可知，举罗马帝国被拍卖的例子是为了说明这本书的编排形式。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Each one ends with a “Truth Meter”, which sorts the details into “rock-solid”, “probable” or “debated”.(每个故事结尾都设有“真实度标尺”，把细节分为确凿可信、有可能、存在争议三类)”可知，它用来检验事实信息的可靠程度。 8. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, the stories are well-researched and offer a fresh way to learn about the past.(但这些故事经过充分考证，提供了学习历史的新颖方式)”以及尾段中的“Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, the book takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through some of the stranger, often grimmer corners of the past.(无论你是历史爱好者还是只是好奇，这本书带你开启一场有趣又增长见识的旅程，探访过去那些离奇且往往沉重的角落)”可知，作者认为这本书有趣且内容可信。 Ⅵ.完形填空 When my children were young, I used to read to them every evening before bed. One of their favorite stories was called Somebody Loves You, Mr Hatch. Mr Hatch lived a 1 life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never 2 . He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early. His 3 changed, however, on Valentine’s Day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolates in the mail, along with a note that said, “Somebody 4 you.” At first, he couldn’t 5 it, but as he let the message sink in(被理解), he began to 6 , and dance around. That single message had opened his heart to the power of love. Soon he found himself being 7 . He became a joy at work and began to 8 people in the neighborhood. As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love 9 everyone in his community. Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box had been delivered to him 10 . He felt upset and went back to his 11 ways. When his neighbors found out, however, they were determined not to lose the light he shared. They surprised him with a party and a huge banner(条幅) that read: “Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.” Mr Hatch cried when he 12 that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled and 13 his friends. I think that we all have a tiny bit of Mr Hatch in us. At times we all feel unloved and unlovable. 14 , somebody does love us. May the pages of your life story be full of 15 . 1. A. happy B. rich C. hard D. lonely 2. A. cried B. smiled C. complained D. shouted 3. A. interest B. belief C. life D. dream 4. A. knows B. loves C. trusts D. understands 5. A. consider B. explain C. believe D. stand 6. A. laugh B. cry C. speak D. read 7. A. respectful B. peaceful C. successful D. cheerful 8. A. stare at B. learn from C. help out D. compete with 9. A. touched B. supported C. saved D. persuaded 10. A. on purpose B. in return C. by mistake D. in secret 11. A. different B. old C. strange D. special 12. A. imagined B. heard C. expected D. realized 13. A. hugged B. met C. praised D. greeted 14. A. Instead B. However C. Besides D. Therefore 15. A. beauty B. hope C. energy D. love 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【导语】本文作者介绍了自己给孩子睡前读的一本书，书中讲述了孤僻的哈奇先生意外收到匿名爱心礼物后变得热忱友善，得知礼物错送后消沉，最终被邻居的爱治愈的暖人故事。 1. 考查形容词。句意：哈奇先生过着孤独的生活。A. happy幸福的，快乐的；B. rich富有的；C. hard困难的；D. lonely孤独的。根据下文“He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. ”可知，他不与同事邻居交往，过着孤独的生活。 2. 考查动词。句意：他从不微笑。A. cried哭；喊叫；B. smiled微笑；C. complained抱怨；投诉；D. shouted大喊。根据下文“He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early.”和第9空句子“As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love____ everyone in his community.”可知，他很孤僻寡言，从不微笑，也与下文改变后的笑相呼应。 3. 考查名词。句意：然而，在情人节那天当他收到了一个心形的巧克力礼盒，还有一张写着“有人爱着你”的纸条时，他的生活发生了改变。A. interest兴趣；B. belief相信，信任；信仰；C. life生活；生命；D. dream梦；梦想。根据上文“Mr Hatch lived a ____life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner”及下文“He became a joy at work ”可知，他原本单调的生活在这天发生了转变。 4. 考查动词。句意：同上。A. knows认识；知道；B. loves爱，热爱；C. trusts信任；D. understands理解，懂得。根据上文“One of their favorite stories was called Somebody Loves You, Mr Hatch.”及下文第三段“a huge banner(条幅) that read: ‘Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.’”可知，呼应书名，字条内容应该是“有人爱着你”。 5. 考查动词。句意：起初，他简直不敢相信，但当他渐渐明白这封信的含义时，他开始大笑，甚至跳起舞来。A. consider考虑；认为；B. explain解释；C. believe相信；D. stand站立；忍受。根据上文“He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early.”可知，长期独居的他一开始收到表达爱意的礼物时，根本不敢相信这件事。 6. 考查动词。句意：A. laugh大笑；B. cry哭；喊；C. speak讲话；D. read读。根据下文“and dance around”可知，看到纸条后，开始大笑、围着跳舞，和后文的开心情绪呼应。 7. 考查形容词。句意：很快，他变得快乐起来。A. respectful尊敬的，满含敬意的；B. peaceful和平的；安静的；C. successful成功的；D. cheerful高兴的，快乐的。根据下文“He became a joy at work and began to ____ people in the neighborhood.”可知，爱的力量打开他的心扉，他整个人变得开朗快活起来。 8. 考查动词短语。句意：他在工作中成了大家的快乐源泉，并开始帮助邻居们。A. stare at盯着；B. learn from向……学习；C. help out帮助；D. compete with与……竞争。根据下文“kindness”可知，他变得热忱，开始主动帮助社区里的邻居。 9. 考查动词。句意：随着时间推移，他的笑声、笑容、善良、幸福与爱，感动了社区里每一个人。A. touched触动，感动；B. supported支持；支撑；C. saved节约；救；D. persuaded说服。根据前面主语“his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love”可知，他的善意、欢笑等美好特质打动了社区里的每一个人，这些都是很有感染力的。 10. 考查介词短语。句意：后来，哈奇先生发现那个心形礼盒是误送到他手中的。A. on purpose故意地；B. in return作为回报；C. by mistake错误地；D. in secret秘密地。根据下文“He felt upset”可知，情绪低落，说明这份礼物是错送到他手上的，礼物和纸条原本都不是送给他的。 11. 考查形容词。句意：他感到难过，便重新回到了从前的生活。A. different不同的；B. old老的；C. strange奇怪的；陌生的；D. special特殊的。根据上文“Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box had been delivered to him ____. He felt upset and went back”可知，礼物和纸条改变了他的生活，知道了这些其实不是送给他的后，他情绪低落，又变回了过去孤僻的老样子。 12. 考查动词。句意：当哈奇先生意识到有人真的爱他时，他哭了。A. imagined想像；B. heard听见；听说；C. expected期待；预计；D. realized意识到。根据上文“They surprised him with a party and a huge banner(条幅) that read: ‘Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.’”可知，看到邻居准备的条幅，他最终意识到确实有人在爱着自己。 13. 考查动词。句意：接着，他笑了，微笑着拥抱了朋友们。A. hugged拥抱；B. met遇到；C. praised赞扬，夸奖；D. greeted问候，打招呼。根据上文“Mr Hatch cried when he ____ that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled ”可知，他看到邻居们对他的爱是很兴奋的，他笑着和朋友们拥抱符合语境。 14. 考查副词。句意：然而，总有人在爱着我们。A. Instead代替；反而；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“At times we all feel unloved and unlovable.”及下文“somebody does love us.”可知，前文说我们有时会觉得不被爱，后文点明总有人爱着我们，前后转折关系。 15. 考查名词。句意：愿你的人生故事中充满爱。A. beauty美；B. hope希望；C. energy能量；精力；D. love爱。根据上文“ At times we all feel unloved and unlovable. ____, somebody does love us.”并结合全文可知，全文围绕“爱”的主题展开，作者在最后祝愿读者的人生故事满是爱意。 Ⅶ.语法填空 Classical Works Stay Popular In Modern Days Retold for centuries, 1 story of Prometheus(普罗米修斯) has changed from a story of power struggle into a symbol of revolution and spreading new ideas. In some understandings, Prometheus, 2 took fire away from the gods, clearly shows the deep conflicts between new 3 (arrive) and local people. Later, writers like Percy Shelley (1792-1822) rewrote him as a 4 (fear) hero who went against rulers. This figure touched Chinese thinkers in the early 1900s. They used Prometheus to stand for brave revolutionaries 5 (bring) Marxism into China. “Prometheus remains 6 (wide) known because generation after generation has continued to tell his story. People have interpreted 7 shared it in different ways.” says Huang Yue, a professor of comparative mythology at Beijing University. Traditionally 8 (define) as the study, translation and interpretation of ancient Greek and Roman texts, classical studies 9 (become) active again in recent years, especially after the World Conference of Classics held in Beijing in 2024. The event brought together more than 400 scholars from over 30 countries and regions 10 (discuss) the contemporary relevance and global significance of classical studies. 【答案】 1. the 2. who 3. arrivals 4. fearless 5. bringing 6. widely 7. and 8. defined 9. have become 10. to discuss 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了普罗米修斯的故事历经不断重新解读。正如黄悦所说，经典作品持续吸引人。近些年古典研究再度兴起，各国学者汇聚探讨其当代价值。 1. 考查冠词。句意：普罗米修斯的故事历经数个世纪的重述，已从一场权力斗争演变为革命与新思想传播的象征。此处特指“普罗米修斯的故事”，后有of Prometheus作限定修饰，表特指用定冠词the。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：在某些解读中，普罗米修斯夺走神火的行为，清晰地展现了外来者与本地居民之间的深刻矛盾。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Prometheus，从句中缺少主语，非限制性定语从句指人作主语用关系代词who，不可用that。 3. 考查名词。句意：在某些解读中，普罗米修斯夺走神火的行为，清晰地展现了外来者与本地居民之间的深刻矛盾。形容词 new后接名词，与后文local people对应，表“新来者”；arrive的名词形式为 arrival，此处表一类人，用复数arrivals。 4. 考查形容词。句意：后来，珀西·雪莱(1792–1822)等作家将他重新塑造为一位反抗统治者的无畏英雄。修饰名词hero需用形容词；结合后文“反抗统治者”的语境，此处表示 “无畏的英雄”，将名词fear变为形容词 fearless(无畏的)。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用普罗米修斯来代表把马克思主义带到中国的勇敢的革命者。句中已有谓语stand for，此处作后置定语修饰revolutionaries；革命者与 “传播马克思主义”是主动关系，用现在分词bringing。 6. 考查副词。句意：普罗米修斯之所以至今仍广为人知，是因为代代相传不断讲述他的故事。修饰形容词known需用副词；wide 的副词形式为widely，widely known表示“广为人知的”。 7. 考查连词。句意：北京大学比较神话学教授黄悦表示：“人们以各式各样的方式解读并传播这个故事。”分析句子可知，interpreted(解读)与 shared(传播)是两个并列的谓语动词，动作顺承，用并列连词and连接。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：传统上，古典研究被定义为对古希腊和罗马文献的研究、翻译与阐释。近年来，尤其是2024年在北京举行的“世界古典学大会”之后，古典研究再度活跃起来。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，句子主语 classical studies，与define(定义)是被动关系，即“被定义为”，用过去分词作状语，构成defined as...结构。 9. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：传统上，古典研究被定义为对古希腊和罗马文献的研究、翻译与阐释。近年来，尤其是2024年在北京举行的“世界古典学大会”之后，古典研究再度活跃起来。时间标志in recent years(近年来)是现在完成时的典型标志；主语classical studies为复数，所以为have become的填入。 10. 考查动词不定式。句意：此次活动汇集了来自30多个国家和地区的400多位学者，讨论古典研究的当代相关性和全球意义。根据句意可知，学者齐聚一堂的目的是“讨论古典研究的当代价值”，表目的用不定式to discuss作目的状语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 译林版必修第二册 Unit 4 Exploring literature (复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境：人与社会，话题是“文学作品”，语篇类型有：说明文、推荐信、小说(节选)、海报等跨文化场景展开。 2.词汇短语：认识阅读文学作品的意义；阅读原汁原味的英美文学经典作品，增强学生的阅读兴趣和动力，提升文学鉴赏能力，还要通过介绍优秀文学作品的特点，阐释阅读文学经典著作的意义，促进学生对美的追求和对生活的热爱等相关核心单词及变形、固定搭配。 3.语法：掌握“情态动词”。 4.应用文写作：培养文学阅读的习惯与兴趣；与同伴合作，完成一张海报，介绍一位作家,推荐一部经典文学作品。 复习重难点 重点：重点单词词性变形、语言文化类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。 难点：推荐信的写作和情态动词的进行式和完成式。 单元词汇 知识点 1. devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于 情景导学 My meaning simply is...that whatever I have devoted myself to, I have devoted myself to completely... 我的意思就是……无论我致力于什么,我都是全身心投入…… He devoted all his free time to reading literature. 他把所有的业余时间都用来读文学作品了。 用法归纳 ·devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于 devote...to (doing)... 把……用在/献给(做)某事上 注意：devote… to…中的to为介词, 其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。类似的词有： adapt… to…使适应; 使配合；adjust … to…调节……以适应；apply… to… 把……应用于……； prefer… to… 喜欢……胜过……；attach… to… 把……附在……上 词汇拓展 devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to致力于，献身于；忠诚于 devotion n. 奉献 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Li Lei is my ________ friend. Since graduation, he ________/________ himself to improving the education of the local people. In addition to teaching, he has ________ a lot of time to raising money to build more schools. His ________ to his work moves the people deeply. (devote) 微写作 ②如果我被选中，我将努力成为一名合格的志愿者。希望您能考虑我的申请。 If I am chosen, I ________________________.I do hope that you can take my application into consideration. 2. appeal vi. 有吸引力；申诉；呼吁 n. 吸引力；申诉；呼吁 情景导学 Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. 让一首小曲娱悦我们的耳朵,或者让一部巨著触动我们的心灵,这样我们便会发现一个全新的世界,一个充满梦想和魔力的世界。 Though he was poor, he never appealed to others for mercy. 尽管穷, 他从未向别人乞求怜悯。 The community is appealing to everyone to save water. 社区呼吁每个人节约用水。 We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge. 为建造这座桥, 我们呼吁村民捐款。 用法归纳 appeal to sb./sth. 吸引/迎合某人或某物 appeal to sb.for sth. 向某人申请某物 appeal (to sb.) to do sth. 呼吁(某人)做某事 ·make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事 词汇拓展 appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有感染力的 注意：“引人注目的, 吸引人的”高频词 ①appealing　②attractive　③charming ④eye-catching　⑤absorbing ⑥fascinating 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①Among the collections are some delicate Chinese vases, which appeal ________ visitors from all over the world. ②The art collection shown on the exhibition was ________(appeal). 微写作 ③为了强身健体，我们学校呼吁学生们每天至少留出一个小时来进行锻炼。 →Our school ________________ the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise to build up our health. →Our school ________________ the students to set aside at least an hour every day to take exercise to build up our health. 3. determine vt. 确定；支配；决心 vi. 决心 情景导学 The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特质。 He has determined/is determined to make an appeal to the local government to take measures to protect the cultural relics. 他决定呼吁当地政府采取措施保护文化遗产。 The whole group determined on an early start. 全队都决定了早点出发。 用法归纳 determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 词汇拓展 determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) determination n. 决心；决定 注意：表示“决定做某事”的其他表达: decide to do sth. make up one's mind to do sth. 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①The ________(determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself. ②He determined ________ facing the defeat bravely instead of escaping from reality. 微写作 ③正是老师的鼓励使大卫决定参加赛跑。 It was the teacher’s encouragement that made David ________________ the running race.(determine to do) 4. significant adj. 有重要意义的，显著的 情景导学 The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是确定它的一些重要的特质。 It is significant that we should attach great significance to environmental protection. 重要的是我们应该强调保护环境的重要性。 Plogging not only helps us keep physically and mentally healthy but also is of great significance to protect the environment and our homeland. 跑步捡垃圾不仅有助于我们保持身心健康,而且对保护环境和我们的家园具有重要意义。 用法归纳 It is significant that... ……有重要意义 词汇拓展 significance n. 重要性；意义 be of significance = be significant 有重要意义的 attach significance to 重视，认为……重要/有意义 significantly adv. 重大地；显著地 insignificant adj. 不重要的;无足轻重的 注意： (1)常用于“be＋of＋n.”结构的名词有use, importance, help, benefit, value等，此结构相当于“be＋该名词的形容词形式”。 (2)常用于这一结构的修饰语有great, little, some, any, no, much等。 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①From this project，I have become aware of the ________(significant) of cooperation and teammates. ②I attach great significance to ________(work)out at school，so we students must have PE classes actively and punctually. 微写作 ③总之，在线学习对我们的学业发展很重要。 All in all，online learning is ________________/is ________________ to our academic development. 5. description n. 描述，形容，说明 情景导学 The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty. 文学的第一个品质就是对真与美的描述。 The couple are spending their holiday on what is described as the most beautiful island in the world. 这对夫妇正在被称为世界上最美丽的岛屿上度假。 用法归纳 a description of... ……的描述/描写 a detailed/full/brief/general description 详细的/详尽的/简要的/大致的描述 beyond description 无法形容,难以描述 give a description of　对……进行描述/描写 词汇拓展 describe v. 描述；形容 describe...as... 把……描述为…… describe how/what... 描述…… descriptive adj. 描写的, 叙述的 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①The police asked me to give a ________(describe) of how the accident happened. ②Tom described himself ________ a kind man. 微写作 ③西湖非常美, 难以用言语来描述。 The West Lake is very beautiful and it is ________________. 6. sensitive adj. 感觉敏锐的;体贴的;敏感的;灵敏的 情景导学 Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 一些真与美一直被忽视, 直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意, 就像贝壳反射出未被注意的声音一样。 I learned that fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. 我了解到鱼是一种冷血动物, 因此对水温非常敏感。 用法归纳 be sensitive to　　对……敏感 be sensitive about 对……敏感的(感情上)/容易生气的 词汇拓展 sense n. 感觉官能, 观念 a sense of humor/responsibility 幽默/责任感 there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事无意义 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①There is no sense ________ pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it. ②The head teacher must be ________(sense) to a kid’s needs. 微写作 ③他有一种强烈的责任感。 He has ________________ responsibility. 7. reflect vt. & vi. 反射(声、光、热等)；反映，显示；映出(影像)；仔细思考，沉思 情景导学 Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. 有些真与美一直不为人察觉,直到一个敏锐的人类灵魂让它们引起我们的注意,正如贝壳把那些被人忽视的声音呈现出来一样。 I reflected on/upon my father's words, from which I learnt a lot. 我认真思考了父亲的话,从中我学到了很多。 用法归纳 be reflected in 倒映在；反映在 reflect on/upon sth. 认真思考/沉思某事 词汇拓展 reflection n. 反射;反映;映像 on/upon reflection 经过认真思考 be lost in reflection 陷入沉思 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①On her way home she reflected ________ the process of the interview and hoped that the result would be good. ②On ________(reflect), I decided to go ahead. 微写作 ③我躺在床上，反思今天一天是如何度过的。 I lay on the bed, ________________________. 8. contain vt. 包含,含有,容纳;控制,克制,抑制 情景导学 He couldn't contain himself, asking me the same question again and again. 他无法克制自己，一遍又一遍地问我同样的问题。 用法归纳 (1)contain oneself 克制自己 (2)container n. 容器 易混辨析 contain表示所含之物的全部或一部分,侧重所含的数量或成分,不用于进行时。include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去,通常指同类。常使用“including+被包括部分”或“被包括部分+included”结构。 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①I received a letter that ________(contain)some important information about the project. ② She couldn’t contain ________(oneself) after being treated rudely. 微写作 现在在建的体育馆足够大，可以容纳10,000名观众。 The stadium being built now is ________________________________. 9. particular adj. 特别的,格外的；特指的；挑剔的 情景导学 ①Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. 尤其是老师可以就有趣的阅读材料提供建议，这些材料在图书馆或书店很容易找到。 ②He is very particular about the kitchen—everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place. 他对厨房非常讲究--每件东西都必须非常干净，而且要放在相应的位置。 用法归纳 be particular about... 对……讲究/挑剔 in particular 特别;尤其 词汇拓展 particularly adv. 尤其 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①There is no need for her to be very particular ________ what she wears. ②I am ________(particular) interested in this job because I want to improve my oral English. 微写作 ③当我们试图跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。 When we attempt to communicate across cultures, body language is ________________. 10. mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的v.表示……的意思；本意是；打算；意味着 情景导学 The book's main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主要人物是斯克鲁奇，一个富有但吝啬的老人。 The rich boss, who is mean to his workers, is so mean with money that he doesn't like to donate any to those in need, which contributes to his failure in the end. 那位富有的老板对他的员工很刻薄，对钱非常吝啬，不愿捐一分钱给那些穷困的人，这最终导致了他的失败。 用法归纳 be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄 be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬 【知识延伸】 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 means n. 方法，方式 by means of 借助……手段，依靠……方法 by all means可以，当然行 by no means 绝不 meaning n. 意思；意义 meaningful adj. 有意义的；重大的 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①She doesn't care about wasting her time, but is mean ________ money. ②Don't be mean ________ your brother. 微写作 ③我原本不打算吃任何东西，但是冰激凌看起来如此美味以至于我情不自禁地尝了尝它。 I ________________________ but the ice cream looked so delicious that I couldn't help trying it. 11. generosity n. 慷慨，大方，宽宏大量 情景导学 There is something that can be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we should treat others with kindness, generosity and love. 可以从《圣诞颂歌》里学到一些东西：我们应该以善意、宽容和爱对待他人。 用法归纳 (1)generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，宽宏大量的，仁慈的；丰富的 be generous with sth. 在……方面大方 be generous to sb. 对某人大方 (2)It is generous of sb. to do... 某人做……真大方 词汇拓展 generously adv. 慷慨地 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①He accepted the apology with great ________(generous). ②I'd like to thank Mary, who's been very generous ________ her time. 微写作 ③当他的朋友们向他求助时,他总是慷慨解囊。 He ________________________ his money when his friends turn to him for help. 12. destroy vt. 摧毁,毁灭,破坏 情景导学 Criticizing will only destroy a relationship and create feelings of failure. 批评只能破坏关系, 让人产生失败感。 用法归纳 destroy one's life/hope/confidence 毁掉某人的生活/希望/信心 词汇拓展 destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 destructive adj. 引起破坏的 【易混辨析】 damage 既可作动词, 也可作名词, 指部分“损坏”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低 destroy 只能用作动词, 指彻底地破坏, 以致不可能修复, 常作“破坏”“毁灭”讲 ruin 表示破坏严重, 以致不能修复, 是长期损坏的结果。它既可以表示毁灭具体事物, 也可以用来表示抽象概念上的“毁掉或破坏” 即时训练 单句语法填空 ①It is vital that we should take action to stop the ________(destroy) of rainforest. ②The ________(destroy) of natural habitats has caused the number of monarchs to crash. 微写作 ③至于具体措施，首先，在参观历史遗迹时，我们应该遵守规则，避免破坏文化遗产。(while引导省略时间状语从句) As for the specific measures, first, while visiting the relics, we should follow the rules to avoid ________ cultural heritage. 13. defeat vt. 击败，战胜n.失败，战败；击败 情景导学 He is extremely good at describing the adventures of tough men who he believes “can be destroyed but not defeated”. 他非常擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭但不能被击败”。 用法归纳 (1)defeat the enemy　 打败敌人 (2)a big/bad defeat 大败 a narrow defeat 惜败 suffer a defeat 遭受失败 admit defeat 认输 Our baseball team suffered a defeat last week, but we didn’t give up. 我们的棒球队上周失利了, 但我们没有放弃。 【易混辨析】 defeat 宾语是竞争敌手，可以是人或团体 二者经常替换使用 beat 通常用于游戏或比赛中，表示“击败” win 宾语不能是竞争对手，而是 war、prize、game、match、battle、competition、support、respect等之类的词 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①The ________(defeat) team left the field with disappointment. ②They suffered ________ heavy defeat in the battle. 微写作 ③我们相信, 只要我们努力拼搏、通力合作, 我们就能战胜对手。 We believe that by working hard and working together, we can ________________________. 14. attempt vt. & n. 努力，尝试，试图 情景导学 After coming in empty-handed for eighty-four days, Santiago attempts to catch a huge fish. 在两手空空 84 天后，圣地亚哥试图捕一条大鱼。 The doctors made an attempt to save the boy's life. 医生们试图挽救这个男孩的生命。 用法归纳 (1)attempt to do sth./attempt at (doing) sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 (2)at the first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事 make an attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 试图/企图/尝试做某事 词汇拓展 attempted adj. 未遂的 【易混辨析】 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.,结果不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①Dale tried desperately and after several ________(attempt) he finally made it. ②One afternoon, while attempting ________(get) into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. 微写作 ③为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。 ________________________ more customers, they took a variety of measures. 15. confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的；混乱的 情景导学 Now you are getting confused in the head, he thought. 你现在脑子开始犯糊涂了, 他想。 If you are confused about/at anything, call me. 如果有不明白的地方，就给我打电话。 Don't confuse Jim with his twin brother.They are much alike. 不要把吉姆跟他的孪生弟弟混淆了，他们长得太像了。 用法归纳 be/get confused about... 对……感到困惑 词汇拓展 confusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的 confuse vt. 使迷惑；使糊涂 confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 confuse sb. with sth. 用某物迷惑某人 confusion n. 混乱；困惑 in confusion困窘地 【易混辨析】 confused多用来描述中心词或主语的感受，常以人作主语或修饰与人有关的look、voice、expression等词；而confusing多用来说明中心词或主语本身的特征，常以事物作主语。 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①To Henry, Chinese is a ________(confuse) language. ②A survey showed people were ________(confuse) about what they should eat to stay healthy. ③There is some ________(confuse) about what the correct procedure should be. 微写作 ④大多数老年人对于如何使用移动支付会感到困惑。 Most senior people will ________________________ use mobile payment. 单元句型 1.句型公式be doing sth… when… 情景导学 A child and a man were walking on the beach when the child found a shell and held it to his ear. 孩子和男人正在海滩上散步，这时孩子发现了一枚贝壳，把它放到了耳边。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发，这时开始下雨了。 He had just finished his homework when his mother came back. 他刚做完作业，这时他妈妈回来了。 知识总结 教材原句为be doing...when...句型，意为“正在做……这时……”,类似结构有： (1)had just done...when...“刚做了……这时……” (2)be about to do...when...“正要做……这时……” (3)be on the point of doing...when...“正要做……这时……” 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①He was making faces to the class ________ the teacher came in. ②I was about ________(speak) when Peter interrupted me. 微写作 ③亨利正要锁门时听到手机响了。 →Henry ________________________________ he heard his phone ringing. →Henry ________________________________ he heard his phone ringing. 2.句型公式 表否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首引起的部分倒装 情景导学 Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. 我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的东西，老兄。 Hardly had he arrived at the station when the train began to leave. 他刚到车站，火车就开动了。 Neither have I seen him, nor have I heard from him recently. 最近我既没有见过他，也没有收到他的信。 知识总结 (1)当表示否定意义的副词(短语)位于句首时,句子用部分倒装，即把 be动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。有类似用法的词或短语有never、seldom、hardly、rarely、neither...nor、not until、in no way、by no means、on no account、in no sense、no longer等。 (2)主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装；not only...but also...连接的并列复合句中，not only所在分句要部分倒装，but also所在分句不倒装。 即时练习 完成句子 ①你千万不要灰心，继续努力，你迟早会成功的。(in no sense) ________________________________; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. ②父母不仅给了我们生命，而且给了我们无尽的爱和支持。(not only...but also...) ________________________________, but they give us endless love and support. ③(情绪、动作描写)他几乎无法抑制他的悲伤。(hardly) ________________________________________________________________ 3.句型公式with的复合结构 情景导学 The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air. 鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去。 With everything bought, he left the supermarket. 买完了所有的东西,他离开了超市。 With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to music. 有许多事情要处理,我只好停止听音乐。 知识总结 with复合结构的构成： (1)with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语 (2)with+宾语+doing (表主动或进行) (3)with+宾语+done (表被动或完成) (4)with+宾语+to do (表未做) 即时练习 单句语法填空 ①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________(finish),he gladly accepted it. ②________ his parents away, Tom becomes naughtier. 微写作 ③他躺在草地上,眼睛望着天空。 He lay on the grass ________________________________________________. 单元语法：情态动词 一. 概念 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原形一起构成谓语，表明说话人的看法或主观设想。 二. 基本用法 (1)can/could的用法 ①表示能力，意为“能，会”，泛指一般的能力。could为can的过去式。 ②表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能，有时会”。 ③表示许可，意为“可以”。can和could的时态没有差别，只是could的语气更加委婉。 ④表示推测，通常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示惊异、怀疑、不相信；且此时could的可能性比can小；常见can't形式表推测。 His brother studying in college can speak four kinds of foreign languages. 他在大学读书的哥哥会说四门外语。 Anybody can make mistakes in his lifetime, so it is nothing serious. 任何人在一生中都可能犯错误，因此这没什么大不了的。 Could I have a look at that new monitor？ 我可以看一下那台新的显示器吗？ He's just had lunch， so he can't be hungry at present. 他刚吃过午饭,所以现在不可能饿。 (2)may/might的用法 ①表示请求和许可。might比 may语气更委婉。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ②表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 ③may可以用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 —Might/May I answer the phone in this room？—No, you can't/mustn't, because it is the meeting room. ——我可以在这个房间接电话吗？——不,你不可以,因为这里是会议室。 Your mother may/might not know the truth. 或许你妈妈不知道真相。 May you have a healthy body all the time. 愿你一直拥有一个健康的身体。 (3)must与have to的用法 ①表示“必须,必要”时，must强调说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要；must没有时态变化, have to 有时态变化。 Children must stay with their parents throughout the entire event. 整个活动期间,孩子必须和他们的父母待在一起。 Her mother was ill and she had to stay at home to look after her. 她妈妈生病了,她必须在家照顾她。 【易错提示】must的否定形式mustn't表示“禁止”；回答must引起的一般疑问句时，如果是否定的回答, 不能用 mustn't, 而要用 needn't或 don't have to。 ②must表示推测、可能性(只用于表肯定的陈述句)。 ③must表示感情色彩,意为“偏偏；偏要；一定要”,表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。 —Must we hand in our exercise books now？—Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ——我们必须现在就上交练习册吗？——是的, 你们必须现在上交。/不,你们不必。 You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友,所以你一定知道他最喜欢什么。 Your mother must be waiting for you now, so you'd better go back earlier. 你妈妈现在一定在等你，所以你最好早点回去。 I'm sleeping now. Must you make so much noise？我正在睡觉。 你偏要弄出这么大的噪音吗？ (4)dare与need的用法 ①dare 作情态动词时，表示“敢，敢于”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 ②need作情态动词时，表示“需要，有必要”，常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。needn't表示“不必”；对 need 开头的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用 must 而不用need,作否定回答时用 needn't。 —Need I finish my homework today?—Yes, you must./No, you needn't. ——我今天需要完成家庭作业吗？——是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 I dare not go there alone. 我不敢独自去那儿。 You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心这件事。 ③dare和need 也可以用作实义动词。 I didn't dare to say a word. 我不敢说一句话。 You don't need to come in person. 你没有必要亲自来。 (5)shall与should/ought to的用法 ①shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见；用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 What shall we do this evening? 今天晚上我们做什么？ You shall have the book when I finish reading it. 我看完这本书你可以看。 He shall be punished if he keeps on doing it. 如果他继续那样做，会受到惩罚的。 ②should/ought to表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称；should也可以表示说话者的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感, 意为“居然，竟然”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。 ③should/ought to表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重；在疑问句中常用should。 You ought to attend to your parents when they are old. 当你的父母年老时，你应该照顾他们。 (6)will/would的用法 ①二者均可表示请求,would语气更委婉。 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? 请把球递给我,好吗? ②表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never say those words to you any more. 我再也不会对你说那些话了。 ③will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 意为“总是”。 During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.假期期间,他总是每隔一天来看我一次。 【知识拓展】情态动词的进行式、完成式和完成进行式 (1)情态动词后接动词的进行式，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。 (2)情态动词后接动词的完成式，表示对过去情况的推测(can、could、may、might、must)或表示虚拟(may、might、could、should、need)。 (3)情态动词后接动词的完成进行式，表示对持续动作的推测。 Tom may be reading in the library now. 汤姆现在可能正在图书馆阅读。 Jack must have arrived home by now. 杰克现在肯定已经到家了。 You can't have seen Helen yesterday because she was in London. 你昨天是不可能看到海伦的，因为她当时在伦敦。 即时练习 一. 单句语法填空(根据句意，填入适当的情态动词) 1. If you’re the host, you ________ ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 2. Paid training and a company car are provided. You ________ have a driver’s license and a good driving record. You also need to have a smart phone for communication. 3. “Stop right there! You ________ leave right now!” he called out, holding the branch with both hands. 4. --You didn’t wait for Mr Smith last night, did you? --No, but we didn’t need ________. He didn’t return home at all. 5. You ________ expect your child to tackle their tasks with enthusiasm while you’re complaining about loading the dishwasher. 6. Your plan ________ include everything from training session times to specific exercises or goals you have for each session. 7. Lily realized someone ________ be anxious about losing this wallet. 8. Indoor plants ________ look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 9. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there ________ be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 10. If you plan on working out in a gym, that person ________ belong to the same gym. 11. Submissions ________ be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. 12. For instance, interactive exhibits powered by AI ________ adjust their content and difficulty level based on the user’s preferences and responses. 13. AI ________ help identify the slightest signs of decay, such as cracks or discoloration, which are often invisible to the human eye. 14. In conclusion, we ________ have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient. 15. Paid training and a company car are provided. You ________ have a driver’s license and a good driving record. You also need to have a smart phone for communication. 二. 完成句子 1. 他不得不去躺一会儿。 He ________________ down for a while. 2. 由于时间有限，我们只能匆匆忙忙地吃饭。 As time is limited, we ________________ our meal. 3. 请你喂一下猫好吗？ ________________ the cat, please? 4. 要找到一本书，你没有必要必须知道作者的名字，你可以通过书名找到书。 You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You ________________ by the title. 5. 无论在中国还是在外国，残疾人都应当得到尊重和帮助。(should) Whether in China or in the foreign countries, ________________________ and helped. 6. 这场飓风一定造成了巨大的破坏与苦难。 The hurricane ________________ a lot of damage and suffering. 7. 两年后我们不得不去适应大学生活。 We have to ________________ ________ university life two years later. 8. 比赛结束后，我们最好反思一下我们学到的内容。 After the competition, ________________ what we have learned. 9. 我们应该尽力在即将到来的高中生活中不断进步。 We ________________ improve ourselves in the coming senior high school life. 10. 我们不应该在公共场所大声喧哗。 We ________ ________ shout loudly in public places. 三、运用所学情态动词相关的知识补全短文。 Li Fang 1.________(无法读书) for a week with a eyeache. Her mother told her that she 2.________(应该去) the hospital and see a doctor as soon as possible. She added, “You 3.________(可能需要) glasses. ”  Li Fang went to the hospital. The appointment clerk said that the doctor 4. ________________(可以见她) at 3: 30. Li Fang replied that she 5.________________________(不能到那里) at 3: 30 because she had a class then. “6.________________________(我能把你登记) for ten to four? ” the appointment clerk suggested. Li Fang thought she 7.________________(不应浪费) any more time. So she replied, “I think I 8.________________(可以赶到) at ten to four. ”  　Li Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, “9.________________(我可以离开) at 3: 45 today? I 10.________________(必须做) an eye examination. ” As expected, the teacher said, “Yes, of course you can. ”  (时间：40分钟) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. To make progress every day, you’d better set yourself a s________(具体的) learning goal for each day and each week. 2. She is always kind and helpful; t________(因此), she is loved by everyone around her. 3. The country plans to l________(发射) another spacecraft to explore outer space next year. 4. He is very interested in classic l________(文学) and has read many books by Lu Xun and Dickens. 5. It is a ________(普遍的) truth that hard work plays an important part in every person’s path to success. 6. How much you’re paid r________(反映) how important you are to the company. 7. Where you are right now doesn’t have to d________(决定) where you’ll end up. 8. The researcher wrote a brief s________(总结；摘要) of the whole experiment, which covered all major discoveries and problems that appeared during the testing period. 9. A walking house is c________(有能力的) of using GPS technology to travel to different places. 10. He is quite s________(敏感的) to what is happening around. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1. When asked about this, she got this ________(confuse) look on her face. 2. Skipping breakfast is ________(extreme) harmful to our fitness. 3. How many buildings ________(destroy) when the hurricane ended? 4. After a deep ________(reflect) on my first week, I realized I needed to improve my time management skills. 5. I couldn’t do my homework with the noise ________(go) on. 6. The home team managed ________(defeat) their opponents by a narrow margin in the final match. 7. I ________(do) like the book very much. 8. It was her ________(generous) that offered poor children a chance to receive good education. 9. Lots of pieces of advanced equipment ________(transport) into the town so far. 10. Her ________(describe) of the concert made me wish I had been there. Ⅲ.短语填空 achieve great success, make remarkable contributions, win worldwide fame, promote social progress create great value, accomplish the goals, a great figure, role model, set a good example timeless influence, deserve the reputation 1. After more than fifteen years of dedicated research, the brilliant scientist finally ________ by developing a completely renewable and affordable energy source. 2. Mother Teresa ________ to the poorest and sickest people in India and was rightfully awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her extraordinary humanitarian work. 3. William Shakespeare ________ as a brilliant playwright, and his timeless works are still performed and read enthusiastically all over the world today. 4. The remarkable invention of the modern printing press greatly ________ by making it possible to spread knowledge and literacy to the general public cheaply. 5. A truly successful entrepreneur knows exactly how to ________ for society by creating useful products and providing fair employment opportunities. 6. The dedicated team worked together day and night for several months in order to successfully ________ of the complex engineering project. 7. In the long history of China, the famous philosopher Confucius is undoubtedly ________ whose wise teachings continue to guide millions of people even today. 8. My strong and loving mother has always been my most important ________ because she works incredibly hard and always treats everyone with kindness and respect. 9. The responsible teacher always tries to ________ for her young students by arriving at school on time, being well prepared, and treating everyone fairly. 10. His many outstanding achievements in the field of theoretical physics certainly ________; he is truly a living legend in his area of expertise. Ⅳ.高级句式表达 1. 我最崇拜的人是我的英语老师，她致力于教学。 →The person I admire most is my English teacher ________________________.(过去分词短语作定语) →The person I admire most is my English teacher ________________________.(定语从句) 2. 作者呼吁我们要对动物更加友好。 →The author ________________________ kinder to animals. (appeal v.) →The author ________________________ kinder to animals. (appeal n.) 3.大家都知道，此项目极其重要。 →As we all know, this project ________________________. (significant) →As we all know, this project ________________________. (significance) 4. 这个团队尝试爬上那座山。 →The team ________________________________.(attempt n.) →The team ________________________________.(attempt v.) 5. 我们惊奇的不是他的外貌，而是她的写作技能。 →________________________ her appearance, but at her excellent writing skills. →________________________ was not her appearance, but her excellent writing skills. (what引导主语从句) 6. 我从未见过如此漂亮的湖，在太阳下闪闪发光。 → I ________________________, which shines brightly in the sun. →Never ________________________ such a beautiful lake, which shines brightly in the sun. Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Novelist and screenwriter Hanif Kureishi remembers only bits and pieces of the day in 2022 when his life changed forever. He recalls being sick with a stomach infection and starting to feel faint(昏眩) and then his memory got unclear. Looking back, Kureishi says, he likely stood up to walk, and then fell flat on his face, breaking his neck. Kureishi says when he woke up, he was in a pool of blood. He could speak, but he was unable to move his hands or other parts of his body. He spent a year in hospital before he was able to return home, where he was assisted by 24-hour caregivers. “In the beginning, there was a lot of anger,” he says. “Your ordinary life was taken away from you by an illness — as will happen to so many of us — you are absolutely angry. And you become angry with the people around you. You become angry with your life.” Kureishi was nominated(提名) for an Oscar for his screenplay of the 1985 film My Beautiful Launderette. He went on to more films and books, including the 1990 novel The Buddha of Suburbia. Kureishi started writing his new life story, Shattered, just days after the break by dictating(口述) the story to his wife and his son. In it, he describes being completely dependent on others, feeling helpless and ashamed. But he says writing about his condition also gives him purpose. Even though he can’t use his fingers to hold something or pick up a pen or anything like that, he is writing a blog every single day about his condition. He feels stronger than he was. Now he is writing another book. He is very excited about what he is doing, and he gets up in the morning and looks forward to the day, thinking what he is going to do today and whether it is going to be exciting. 1. What happened to Kureishi in 2022? A. He lost his memory. B. He suffered an accident. C. He had his face broken. D. He got a sudden stomachache. 2. How did Kureishi adapt to writing after losing the ability to move? A. The prize he won inspired him. B. He learned to type with his feet. C. He got support from his family. D. He hired a responsible caregiver. 3. Which of the following best describes Kureishi? A. Bitter and defeated. B. Strong-willed and adaptable. C. Productive and carefree. D. Fearful and disheartened. 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. Challenge Himself: from Screen to Novel B. Shattered: Presentation of New Life Story C. An Unexpected Disaster Turned into Fortune D. A Writer’s Journey to Recovery Through Words B The Weirdest Tales in History promises stories too strange, dark or awkward for a typical classroom lesson. These are the kinds of stories your history teacher might have skipped over, even though they’re just as fascinating. From Ancient Rome to Cold War experiments, the book explores a wide range of lesser-known historical events. The book is made up of individual stories, so you can pick it up and start anywhere. Each one begins with ratings for absurdity, evidence, and cruelty, along with a “Tell-at-a-Party” introduction designed to grab your attention. The Roman Empire Goes to Auction, for example, opens like this: “In 193 CE (AD 193), Roman soldiers literally auctioned off(拍卖掉) the entire empire to the highest bidder(出价者) — and the winner ruled for 66 days before being killed.” The stories are told in a dramatic, often witty style that makes history feel alive and engaging. Each one ends with a “Truth Meter”, which sorts the details into “rock-solid”, “probable” or “debated”. A “Why This Story Matters” section then discusses the event’s historical impact and modern relevance. The analysis of the Roman auction, for instance, notes: “This isn’t just Rome’s weirdest moment. It’s a masterclass in what happens when the people guarding the system realize they can sell the system.” The informal style might strike some readers as too silly for serious history. However, the stories are well-researched and offer a fresh way to learn about the past. The book’s appeal goes beyond history, too. Its everyday language gives English as a second language (ESL) learners a chance to see how English is actually used, making it a great model for anyone who wants to sound more natural in English. Garlandium Books, the publisher, says on its Amazon page that its mission is “sharing knowledge in the most engaging way possible”. The Weirdest Tales in History largely lives up to that promise. Whether you’re a history buff or just curious, the book takes you on an entertaining and informative journey through some of the stranger, often grimmer corners of the past. 5. What do we know about the stories in the book? A. They follow a fixed time order. B. They center on famous events. C. They are rarely taught at school. D. They’re too dark to be interesting. 6. Why is the Roman auction mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To illustrate the book’s format. B. To explain how auctions worked. C. To highlight the stories’ grimness. D. To show the book’s dramatic style. 7. What does the “Truth Meter” offer readers? A. A reliability check on the facts. B. A summary of each story’s plot. C. A measure of each story’s grimness. D. A rating of each story’s lasting value. 8. What does the author think of the book? A. Plain and practical. B. Strange but uplifting. C. Serious and demanding. D. Amusing and reliable. Ⅵ.完形填空 When my children were young, I used to read to them every evening before bed. One of their favorite stories was called Somebody Loves You, Mr Hatch. Mr Hatch lived a 1 life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never 2 . He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early. His 3 changed, however, on Valentine’s Day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolates in the mail, along with a note that said, “Somebody 4 you.” At first, he couldn’t 5 it, but as he let the message sink in(被理解), he began to 6 , and dance around. That single message had opened his heart to the power of love. Soon he found himself being 7 . He became a joy at work and began to 8 people in the neighborhood. As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love 9 everyone in his community. Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box had been delivered to him 10 . He felt upset and went back to his 11 ways. When his neighbors found out, however, they were determined not to lose the light he shared. They surprised him with a party and a huge banner(条幅) that read: “Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.” Mr Hatch cried when he 12 that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled and 13 his friends. I think that we all have a tiny bit of Mr Hatch in us. At times we all feel unloved and unlovable. 14 , somebody does love us. May the pages of your life story be full of 15 . 1. A. happy B. rich C. hard D. lonely 2. A. cried B. smiled C. complained D. shouted 3. A. interest B. belief C. life D. dream 4. A. knows B. loves C. trusts D. understands 5. A. consider B. explain C. believe D. stand 6. A. laugh B. cry C. speak D. read 7. A. respectful B. peaceful C. successful D. cheerful 8. A. stare at B. learn from C. help out D. compete with 9. A. touched B. supported C. saved D. persuaded 10. A. on purpose B. in return C. by mistake D. in secret 11. A. different B. old C. strange D. special 12. A. imagined B. heard C. expected D. realized 13. A. hugged B. met C. praised D. greeted 14. A. Instead B. However C. Besides D. Therefore 15. A. beauty B. hope C. energy D. love Ⅶ.语法填空 Classical Works Stay Popular In Modern Days Retold for centuries, 1 story of Prometheus(普罗米修斯) has changed from a story of power struggle into a symbol of revolution and spreading new ideas. In some understandings, Prometheus, 2 took fire away from the gods, clearly shows the deep conflicts between new 3 (arrive) and local people. Later, writers like Percy Shelley (1792-1822) rewrote him as a 4 (fear) hero who went against rulers. This figure touched Chinese thinkers in the early 1900s. They used Prometheus to stand for brave revolutionaries 5 (bring) Marxism into China. “Prometheus remains 6 (wide) known because generation after generation has continued to tell his story. People have interpreted 7 shared it in different ways.” says Huang Yue, a professor of comparative mythology at Beijing University. Traditionally 8 (define) as the study, translation and interpretation of ancient Greek and Roman texts, classical studies 9 (become) active again in recent years, especially after the World Conference of Classics held in Beijing in 2024. The event brought together more than 400 scholars from over 30 countries and regions 10 (discuss) the contemporary relevance and global significance of classical studies. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $