Unit 4 课时3 Reading 2（分层作业）英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 4 Exploring space 课时3 Reading 2 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 ___________ v. 探索；勘探 ___________ n. 基地；基础 ___________ n. 警报；惊恐 ___________ n. 景色；风景 ___________ n. 形状；外形 ___________ v. 强迫；迫使 ___________ v. 生存；存活 句型 1. _________________________ 我们花了半小时到达弗里代尔湖。 2. _________________________ 我们停下来，想知道声音是从哪里来的。 3. _________________________ 我们应该做好准备，以防绿光真的是外星人。 4. _________________________ 它们似乎被噪音吓到了。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ v. 探索；勘探 2. ________ n. 基地；基础 3. ________ n. 警报；惊恐 4. ________ n. 景色；风景 5. ________ n. 形状；外形 6. ________ v. 强迫；迫使 7. ________ v. 生存；存活 二、词组默写 1. 太空基地 _______________________ 2. 为…… 做准备 _______________________ 3. 各种形状和大小 _______________________ 4. 继续做某事 _______________________ 5. 冲回 _______________________ 6. 强迫自己做某事 _______________________ 7. 以防；万一 _______________________ 三、句子翻译与仿写 1. 科学家们花了两年时间建造这个研究站。 _________________________ build this research station. 2. 当听到奇怪的声音时，他停下了手中的工作。 He _________________________ when he heard the strange noise. 3. 你应该带个地图，以防迷路。 You should take a map _________________________. 4. 似乎没有人知道这个问题的答案。 _________________________ nobody knows the answer to the question. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the lunar base, scientists are trying to grow vegetables in special boxes. The project (1)____ (start) three years ago, and now they have successfully grown 12 kinds of vegetables. (2)____ (live) on the Moon is not easy. There is no soil, and the gravity is much lower than on Earth. The scientists have to use special man-made soil and control the temperature (3)____ (careful). They say that in the future, with enough farms, people may be able (4)____ (survive) on the Moon without food from Earth. This will greatly help the exploration of the Moon and other planets. However, there are still many difficulties. The scientists have to solve problems like radiation and energy supply. They keep (5)____ (work) hard to make the dream come true. 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 explore base view shape survive At the foot of the mountain, we set up our 1. ____ for the night. From there, we had a wonderful 2. ____ of the valley. The next day, we started to 3. ____ the forest nearby. We saw many rocks of different 4. ____ and sizes. We brought enough food and water to 5. ____ for three days. 一、完形填空 Last month, 15-year-old Lin Tao took part in the National Space Innovation Competition. His project was a small robot designed to 1____ the surface of distant planets. Lin Tao got the idea from a science fiction story. He imagined that a small, light robot could walk on alien planets and 2____ information back to Earth. He spent three months working on his design. The robot has six legs, so it can walk on 3____ ground full of rocks. It carries a small camera and a soil tester. It can 4____ itself to avoid dangerous things like falling rocks. It also has a special battery that can work for 48 hours 5____ sunlight. On the day of the competition, Lin Tao was a little nervous. When it was his turn, he 6____ the robot’s starting system in front of the judges. The robot walked across the sand, climbed over small rocks, and took photos. All the judges were 7____ by its excellent performance. In the end, Lin Tao won the first prize. One judge said, “This design is very creative. It is 8____ for future space exploration.” Lin Tao was very excited. He said, “I have always dreamed of working in space 9____. This prize encourages me to keep going. I hope my robot can 10____ help scientists explore other planets someday.” 1. A. build B. explore C. protect D. change 2. A. send B. receive C. accept D. notice 3. A. smooth B. soft C. rough D. flat 4. A. enjoy B. teach C. control D. protect 5. A. without B. with C. under D. through 6. A. closed B. broke C. wrote D. started 7. A. bored B. impressed C. relaxed D. worried 8. A. useless B. difficult C. valuable D. impossible 9. A. stations B. buses C. shops D. parks 10. A. nearly B. hardly C. truly D. suddenly 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For many years, humans have been searching for signs of intelligent life outside Earth. We send radio signals into space, and we listen for messages from other planets. But is this really a good idea? Some scientists think it is very dangerous. They say that if there are aliens more advanced than us, they might come to Earth and bring harm. They could take our resources or even destroy human civilization. History shows that when a more advanced culture meets a less advanced one, the less advanced one usually suffers. However, other scientists disagree. They say that searching for alien life is meaningful. First, it can help us learn more about the universe and our own place in it. Second, if we make contact with friendly aliens, they might share their advanced technology with us. This could solve many problems on Earth, like disease and energy shortage. Also, supporters say that the worry about dangerous aliens is not reasonable. If aliens are advanced enough to travel to Earth, they have probably solved their own resource problems. They would not need to invade Earth. They might just want to make friends and share knowledge. So far, we have not found any sign of alien life. But the search continues. Whether it is dangerous or not, human curiosity about the unknown will never stop. 1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Aliens will certainly attack Earth. B. Some scientists think searching for aliens is risky. C. Alien cultures are more advanced than humans. D. History tells us to learn from other cultures. 2. Why do some scientists support searching for alien life? A. To get more natural resources. B. To invade other planets first. C. To possibly solve Earth’s problems. D. To prove humans are the smartest. 3. What does the underlined word “invade” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. 侵略 B. 访问 C. 帮助 D. 离开 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. We have already received messages from aliens. B. All scientists agree to search for alien life. C. Humans will stop searching for aliens soon. D. No clear sign of alien life has been found. 5. What is the writer’s attitude towards the topic? A. He is strongly against searching for aliens. B. He fully supports searching for aliens. C. He presents different opinions objectively. D. He doesn’t care about this topic at all. 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 In recent years, scientists have found more than 5,000 exoplanets outside our solar system. These planets go a 1____ stars just like Earth goes around the Sun. Scientists are especially interested in “habitable planets”. A habitable planet is one where the t 2____ is not too hot or too cold, so liquid water can exist. Water is very important b 3____ all known life needs it to survive. However, finding a habitable planet is not e 4____. Most exoplanets are very far away — some are hundreds of light-years from Earth. We can’t see them directly. Scientists usually find them by w 5____ how their stars move or change in brightness. Among all the exoplanets, Proxima Centauri b is one of the most famous. It is the c 6____ exoplanet to Earth, only 4.2 light-years away. It is in the habitable zone of its star. But scientists still don’t know if there is a 7____ life on it. Some people dream of moving to these planets one day. But with our current technology, it would take thousands of years to r 8____ even the nearest one. However, the search never stops. Every new planet we find b 9____ us one step closer to answering the big question: Are we a 10____ in the universe? 一、回答问题 （2026・江苏南通中考） 请认真阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题（每题答案不超过 10 个单词）。 Weather changes all the time, and so does the technology which is used to forecast it. Nowadays, AI-powered forecasting models are being developed to make weather predictions faster and more accurate. AI can collect and process more kinds of information than before. In the past, forecasts mainly depended on temperature, wind, and air pressure. Now, AI models can use information including city maps, population data, and even electricity usage records. For example, the Hong Kong Observatory uses computer vision to study radar pictures of rain. This helps scientists know the speed and direction of rain clouds more correctly. However, some weather events are still hard to forecast. Traditional models work well for large systems, but small, local events like sudden rainstorms are harder to predict. AI is helping to improve this, but there is still a long way to go. At present, AI weather forecasting is still developing. With more data and better algorithms, it will make our lives safer and more convenient in the future. 1. What are AI-powered models used for? 2. What did traditional forecasts mainly depend on? 3. Why are sudden rainstorms hard to forecast? 4. What will AI weather forecasting be like in the future? 二、阅读理解 （2025・江苏扬州中考） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the most powerful space telescope ever built. It was sent into space in December 2021. Now it is giving humans their first clear look at the very early universe. Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope, which orbits close to Earth, Webb travels around the Sun, about 1.5 million kilometers away from our planet. This position keeps it cold and away from the heat of Earth, so it can pick up very faint light from faraway stars and galaxies. Webb mainly studies infrared light, which our eyes cannot see. Most very old stars and galaxies are so far away that their light has become infrared. By studying this light, scientists can find out what the first galaxies looked like when the universe was young. They can also study planets outside our solar system and check if they have conditions for life. Webb has already taken many amazing photos. It has shown us clouds on Jupiter’s moon, and the most distant star ever seen. Scientists say Webb will work for at least 10 years, and it will change our understanding of the universe. 1. What is special about the James Webb Space Telescope? A. It is the first space telescope in the world. B. It is the most powerful space telescope ever. C. It orbits very close to the Earth. D. It only takes photos of the Moon. 2. Why does Webb stay far away from Earth? A. To avoid the Earth’s heat and stay cold. B. To get closer to the Sun. C. To protect itself from aliens. D. To take photos of the Earth. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Webb studies light that human eyes can see easily. B. Infrared light helps scientists study the early universe. C. All faraway stars have been found by Webb. D. Planets outside the solar system all have life. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The History of Space Exploration B. How Galaxies Formed C. A New Eye on the Universe D. Planets Outside Our Solar System $ Unit 4 Exploring space 课时3 Reading 2 分层作业 参考答案 核心知识速记 词汇：explore；base；alarm；view；shape；force；survive 句型： 1.It took us half an hour to arrive at Freedale Lake. 2.We stopped, wondering where the noise came from. 3.We should get prepared in case the green lights are really aliens. 4.They seemed to be shocked by the noise. 一、单词默写 1.explore 2.base 3.alarm 4.view 5.shape 6.force 7.survive 二、词组默写 1.space base 2.prepare for /get prepared for 3.all shapes and sizes 4.carry on doing sth 5.rush back 6.force oneself to do sth 7.in case 三、 根据要求完成句子 1.It took the scientists two years to 2.stopped his work 3.in case you get lost 4.It seems that 一、语法填空 1.started 2.Living 3.carefully 4.to survive 5.working 二、选词填空 1.base 2.view 3.explore 4.shapes 5.survive 一、完形填空 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 二、阅读理解 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 三、首字母填空 1.around 2.temperature 3.because 4.easy 5.watching 6.closest 7.any 8.reach 9.brings 10.alone 一、回答问题 1.Making weather predictions faster and more accurate. 2.Temperature, wind, and air pressure. 3.Because they are small and local. 4.Safer and more convenient. 二、阅读理解 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 4 Exploring space 课时3 Reading 2 分层作业 A组 巩固过关 C组 思维拔高 B组 能力进阶 拓展 链接中考 ( 词汇 explore v. 探索；勘探 base n. 基地；基础 alarm n. 警报；惊恐 view n. 景色；风景 shape n. 形状；外形 force v. 强迫；迫使 survive v. 生存；存活 句型 1. It took us half an hour to arrive at Freedale. 我们花了半小时到达弗里代尔湖。 2. We stopped, wondering where the noise came from. 我们停下来，想知道声音是从哪里来的。 3. We should get prepared in case the green lights are really aliens. 我们应该做好准备，以防绿光真的是外星人。 4. They seemed to be shocked by the noise. 它们似乎被噪音吓到了。 ) 一、单词默写 ( 6 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ________ v. 探索；勘探 2. ________ n. 基地；基础 3. ________ n. 警报；惊恐 4. ________ n. 景色；风景 5. ________ n. 形状；外形 6. ________ v. 强迫；迫使 7. ________ v. 生存；存活 【答案】1. explore 2. base 3. alarm 4. view 5. shape 6. force 7. survive 二、词组默写 1. 太空基地 _______________________ 2. 为…… 做准备 _______________________ 3. 各种形状和大小 _______________________ 4. 继续做某事 _______________________ 5. 冲回 _______________________ 6. 强迫自己做某事 _______________________ 7. 以防；万一 _______________________ 【答案】 1. space base 2. get prepared for / prepare for 3. all shapes and sizes 4. carry on doing sth 5. rush back 6. force oneself to do sth 7. in case 三、句子翻译与仿写 1. 科学家们花了两年时间建造这个研究站。 _________________________ build this research station. 【答案】It took the scientists two years to 【解析】句意：科学家们花了两年时间建造这个研究站。本句考查固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.，意为 “做某事花费某人多长时间”，描述过去的事用一般过去时 took。 2. 当听到奇怪的声音时，他停下了手中的工作。 He _________________________ when he heard the strange noise. 【答案】stopped his work 【解析】句意：当听到奇怪的声音时，他停下了手中的工作。本句考查 stop sth. 意为 “停下某事”；根据时间状语从句的一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时 stopped。 3. 你应该带个地图，以防迷路。 You should take a map _________________________. 【答案】in case you get lost 【解析】句意：你应该带个地图，以防迷路。本句考查 in case 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以防，万一”，从句用一般现在时表将来。 4. 似乎没有人知道这个问题的答案。 _________________________ nobody knows the answer to the question. 【答案】It seems that 【解析】句意：似乎没有人知道这个问题的答案。本句考查固定句型 It seems that...，意为 “似乎……，好像……”，it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On the lunar base, scientists are trying to grow vegetables in special boxes. The project (1)____ (start) three years ago, and now they have successfully grown 12 kinds of vegetables. (2)____ (live) on the Moon is not easy. There is no soil, and the gravity is much lower than on Earth. The scientists have to use special man-made soil and control the temperature (3)____ (careful). They say that in the future, with enough farms, people may be able (4)____ (survive) on the Moon without food from Earth. This will greatly help the exploration of the Moon and other planets. However, there are still many difficulties. The scientists have to solve problems like radiation and energy supply. They keep (5)____ (work) hard to make the dream come true. 【答案】1. started 2. Living 3. carefully 4. to survive 5. working 【解析】本文介绍了月球基地的蔬菜种植项目，说明了月球生活的难点与未来发展前景，展现了太空探索的科研进展。 1. 句意：该项目始于三年前，如今他们已成功培育出 12 种蔬菜。 解析：根据时间状语 three years ago 可知用一般过去时，start 的过去式为 started。 2. 句意：在月球上生活并非易事。 解析：此处作句子主语，用动名词形式，句首首字母大写，故填 Living。 3. 句意：科学家们必须使用特殊的人造土壤，并小心地控制温度。 解析：修饰动词 control 需用副词，careful 的副词形式为 carefully，意为 “小心地”。 4. 句意：他们表示，未来有了足够的农场，人们或许可以不依赖地球的食物，在月球上生存。 解析：固定搭配 be able to do sth. 意为 “能够做某事”，故填不定式 to survive。 5. 句意：他们持续努力工作，让梦想照进现实。 解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth. 意为 “继续做某事，持续做某事”，work 的动名词形式为 working。 二、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填入短文空白处，每个单词限用一次。 explore base view shape survive At the foot of the mountain, we set up our 1. ____ for the night. From there, we had a wonderful 2. ____ of the valley. The next day, we started to 3. ____ the forest nearby. We saw many rocks of different 4. ____ and sizes. We brought enough food and water to 5. ____ for three days. 【答案】1. base 2. view 3. explore 4. shapes 5. survive 【解析】本文讲述了山间露营的经历，涉及搭建营地、观赏风景、探索森林等内容，考查核心词汇在语境中的灵活运用。 1. 句意：在山脚下，我们搭建了夜间营地。 解析：形容词性物主代词 our 后接名词，base 意为 “基地、营地”，契合野外驻扎的语境。 2. 句意：从那里，我们能看到山谷绝美的景色。 解析：a wonderful view of... 是固定表达，意为 “…… 的绝美景色”，view 意为 “景色、风景”。 3. 句意：第二天，我们开始探索附近的森林。 解析：start to do sth. 意为 “开始做某事”，不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，explore 意为 “探索”。 4. 句意：我们看到了许多形状各异、大小不同的岩石。 解析：different 后接可数名词复数，shape 意为 “形状”，复数形式为 shapes，与 sizes 并列。 5. 句意：我们带了足够的食物和水来维持三天的生存。 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，survive 意为 “生存、存活”，对应食物水的作用。 一、完形填空 Last month, 15-year-old Lin Tao took part in the National Space Innovation Competition. His project was a small robot designed to 1____ the surface of distant planets. Lin Tao got the idea from a science fiction story. He imagined that a small, light robot could walk on alien planets and 2____ information back to Earth. He spent three months working on his design. The robot has six legs, so it can walk on 3____ ground full of rocks. It carries a small camera and a soil tester. It can 4____ itself to avoid dangerous things like falling rocks. It also has a special battery that can work for 48 hours 5____ sunlight. On the day of the competition, Lin Tao was a little nervous. When it was his turn, he 6____ the robot’s starting system in front of the judges. The robot walked across the sand, climbed over small rocks, and took photos. All the judges were 7____ by its excellent performance. In the end, Lin Tao won the first prize. One judge said, “This design is very creative. It is 8____ for future space exploration.” Lin Tao was very excited. He said, “I have always dreamed of working in space 9____. This prize encourages me to keep going. I hope my robot can 10____ help scientists explore other planets someday.” 1. A. build B. explore C. protect D. change 2. A. send B. receive C. accept D. notice 3. A. smooth B. soft C. rough D. flat 4. A. enjoy B. teach C. control D. protect 5. A. without B. with C. under D. through 6. A. closed B. broke C. wrote D. started 7. A. bored B. impressed C. relaxed D. worried 8. A. useless B. difficult C. valuable D. impossible 9. A. stations B. buses C. shops D. parks 10. A. nearly B. hardly C. truly D. suddenly 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了林涛设计太空探测机器人参加创新大赛并获奖的故事，展现了青少年的航天创意与探索精神。 1. 句意：他的项目是一款小型机器人，用于探测遥远行星的表面。 解析：机器人的用途是探索行星表面，explore 意为 “探索、勘探”，契合太空探测的主题；build 建造，protect 保护，change 改变，均不符合语境，故选 B。 2. 句意：他设想一款小巧轻便的机器人能在外星球行走，并将信息传回地球。 解析：send...back to... 是固定搭配，意为 “把…… 送回 / 传回……”，对应机器人探测后回传数据的功能；receive 接收，accept 接受，notice 注意到，均不符合，故选 A。 3. 句意：这款机器人有六条腿，因此能在布满岩石的崎岖地面行走。 解析：布满岩石的地面是崎岖不平的，rough 意为 “崎岖的、不平的”；smooth 光滑的，soft 柔软的，flat 平坦的，均与 “布满岩石” 矛盾，故选 C。 4. 句意：它可以自我保护，避开落石等危险事物。 解析：protect oneself 意为 “自我保护”，对应后文 “避开危险” 的目的；enjoy 享受，teach 教授，control 控制，均不符合语境，故选 D。 5. 句意：它还配备了特殊电池，在没有阳光的情况下也能工作 48 小时。 解析：电池的优势是无光环境下也能工作，without 意为 “没有”，符合语境；with 带有，under 在…… 之下，through 通过，均不符合，故选 A。 6. 句意：轮到他时，他在评委面前启动了机器人的启动系统。 解析：比赛现场要启动机器人展示，start 意为 “启动、发动”；close 关闭，break 弄坏，write 书写，均不符合场景，故选 D。 7. 句意：所有评委都对它出色的表现印象深刻。 解析：be impressed by 是固定搭配，意为 “对…… 印象深刻”；bored 厌烦的，relaxed 放松的，worried 担忧的，均与 “出色表现” 的反馈不符，故选 B。 8. 句意：这款设计很有创意，对未来的太空探索很有价值。 解析：有创意的设计对太空探索是有价值的，valuable 意为 “有价值的、宝贵的”；useless 无用的，difficult 困难的，impossible 不可能的，均与正面评价不符，故选 C。 9. 句意：我一直梦想着在空间站工作。 解析：太空工作的场景是空间站，space stations 意为 “空间站”；buses 公交车，shops 商店，parks 公园，均与太空主题无关，故选 A。 10. 句意：我希望我的机器人有朝一日能真正帮助科学家探索其他行星。 解析：truly 意为 “真正地、确实地”，表达对未来的真切期望；nearly 几乎，hardly 几乎不，suddenly 突然，均不符合语境，故选 C。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 For many years, humans have been searching for signs of intelligent life outside Earth. We send radio signals into space, and we listen for messages from other planets. But is this really a good idea? Some scientists think it is very dangerous. They say that if there are aliens more advanced than us, they might come to Earth and bring harm. They could take our resources or even destroy human civilization. History shows that when a more advanced culture meets a less advanced one, the less advanced one usually suffers. However, other scientists disagree. They say that searching for alien life is meaningful. First, it can help us learn more about the universe and our own place in it. Second, if we make contact with friendly aliens, they might share their advanced technology with us. This could solve many problems on Earth, like disease and energy shortage. Also, supporters say that the worry about dangerous aliens is not reasonable. If aliens are advanced enough to travel to Earth, they have probably solved their own resource problems. They would not need to invade Earth. They might just want to make friends and share knowledge. So far, we have not found any sign of alien life. But the search continues. Whether it is dangerous or not, human curiosity about the unknown will never stop. 1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Aliens will certainly attack Earth. B. Some scientists think searching for aliens is risky. C. Alien cultures are more advanced than humans. D. History tells us to learn from other cultures. 2. Why do some scientists support searching for alien life? A. To get more natural resources. B. To invade other planets first. C. To possibly solve Earth’s problems. D. To prove humans are the smartest. 3. What does the underlined word “invade” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. 侵略 B. 访问 C. 帮助 D. 离开 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. We have already received messages from aliens. B. All scientists agree to search for alien life. C. Humans will stop searching for aliens soon. D. No clear sign of alien life has been found. 5. What is the writer’s attitude towards the topic? A. He is strongly against searching for aliens. B. He fully supports searching for aliens. C. He presents different opinions objectively. D. He doesn’t care about this topic at all. 【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕 “人类是否应该搜寻外星生命” 展开，分别介绍了反对与支持两方的观点，最后指出人类对未知的好奇心永不止步。 1. 段落大意题。根据第二段首句 “Some scientists think it is very dangerous.” 以及后文说明外星高级文明可能带来危害，可知本段核心是部分科学家认为搜寻外星生命有风险，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “This could solve many problems on Earth, like disease and energy shortage.” 可知，支持方认为友好的外星文明可能分享技术，帮助解决地球的问题，故选 C。 3. 词义猜测题。前文提到担忧外星人抢夺资源、摧毁文明，本句说他们不需要侵略地球，invade 意为 “侵略、入侵”，与前文的 bring harm、destroy 呼应，故选 A。 4. 细节判断题。根据最后一段 “So far, we have not found any sign of alien life.” 可知，目前尚未发现外星生命的明确迹象，D 表述正确；A “已收到外星信息” 与原文不符；B “所有科学家都支持” 与两方观点相悖；C “人类很快会停止搜寻” 与原文 “搜寻仍在继续” 相反，均排除。 5. 观点态度题。文章客观呈现了反对与支持两种观点，未明确偏向某一方，只是客观陈述不同立场，故选 C。 三、首字母填空 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 In recent years, scientists have found more than 5,000 exoplanets outside our solar system. These planets go a 1____ stars just like Earth goes around the Sun. Scientists are especially interested in “habitable planets”. A habitable planet is one where the t 2____ is not too hot or too cold, so liquid water can exist. Water is very important b 3____ all known life needs it to survive. However, finding a habitable planet is not e 4____. Most exoplanets are very far away — some are hundreds of light-years from Earth. We can’t see them directly. Scientists usually find them by w 5____ how their stars move or change in brightness. Among all the exoplanets, Proxima Centauri b is one of the most famous. It is the c 6____ exoplanet to Earth, only 4.2 light-years away. It is in the habitable zone of its star. But scientists still don’t know if there is a 7____ life on it. Some people dream of moving to these planets one day. But with our current technology, it would take thousands of years to r 8____ even the nearest one. However, the search never stops. Every new planet we find b 9____ us one step closer to answering the big question: Are we a 10____ in the universe? 【答案】1.around 2.temperature 3.because 4.easy 5.watching 6.closest 7.any 8.reach 9.brings 10.alone 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了系外行星的发现、宜居行星的定义与探测难度，探讨了人类寻找外星生命的探索进程。 1. 句意：这些行星围绕恒星运转，就像地球围绕太阳运转一样。 解析：go around 意为 “围绕…… 运转”，结合首字母 a，填 around。 2. 句意：宜居行星指的是温度既不太热也不太冷的行星，因此液态水可以存在。 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母 t，temperature 意为 “温度”，对应冷热的描述。 3. 句意：水至关重要，因为所有已知生命都需要水才能生存。 解析：前后句是因果关系，结合首字母 b，because 意为 “因为”，引导原因状语从句。 4. 句意：然而，找到宜居行星并非易事。 解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，结合首字母 e，easy 意为 “容易的”，对应后文的诸多困难。 5. 句意：科学家通常通过观察恒星的运动或亮度变化来发现它们。 解析：介词 by 后接动名词，结合首字母 w，watching 意为 “观察、观测”，符合探测行星的方式。 6. 句意：它是距离地球最近的系外行星，仅 4.2 光年之遥。 解析：定冠词 the 后接形容词最高级，结合首字母 c，closest 意为 “最近的”，对应距离最近的描述。 7. 句意：但科学家仍不清楚上面是否存在任何生命。 解析：结合首字母 a，any 意为 “任何的”，用于疑问句和否定句中，修饰不可数名词 life。 8. 句意：但以我们目前的技术，哪怕是抵达最近的行星，也需要数千年的时间。 解析：不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，结合首字母 r，reach 意为 “到达、抵达”。 9. 句意：我们每发现一颗新行星，都让我们离回答那个宏大问题更近一步。 解析：主语 Every new planet 为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，结合首字母 b，brings 意为 “带来”，表示带来进展。 10. 句意：我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？ 解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，结合首字母 a，alone 意为 “孤独的、独自的”，对应寻找外星生命的核心疑问。 一、回答问题 （2026・江苏南通中考） 请认真阅读下面短文，用英语回答短文后的问题（每题答案不超过 10 个单词）。 Weather changes all the time, and so does the technology which is used to forecast it. Nowadays, AI-powered forecasting models are being developed to make weather predictions faster and more accurate. AI can collect and process more kinds of information than before. In the past, forecasts mainly depended on temperature, wind, and air pressure. Now, AI models can use information including city maps, population data, and even electricity usage records. For example, the Hong Kong Observatory uses computer vision to study radar pictures of rain. This helps scientists know the speed and direction of rain clouds more correctly. However, some weather events are still hard to forecast. Traditional models work well for large systems, but small, local events like sudden rainstorms are harder to predict. AI is helping to improve this, but there is still a long way to go. At present, AI weather forecasting is still developing. With more data and better algorithms, it will make our lives safer and more convenient in the future. 1. What are AI-powered models used for? 2. What did traditional forecasts mainly depend on? 3. Why are sudden rainstorms hard to forecast? 4. What will AI weather forecasting be like in the future? 【答案】 1. Making weather predictions faster and more accurate. 2. Temperature, wind, and air pressure. 3. Because they are small and local. 4. Safer and more convenient. 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了人工智能驱动的气象预报模型的优势、现存局限与发展前景。 1. 解析：根据第一段 “Nowadays, AI-powered forecasting models are being developed to make weather predictions faster and more accurate.” 可直接定位答案，注意字数限制。 2. 解析：根据第二段 “In the past, forecasts mainly depended on temperature, wind, and air pressure.” 可直接得出传统预报的依据。 3. 解析：根据第三段 “small, local events like sudden rainstorms are harder to predict” 可知，暴雨难预报是因为规模小、具有局地性。 4. 解析：根据最后一段 “it will make our lives safer and more convenient in the future” 可总结出 AI 天气预报的未来前景。 二、阅读理解 （2025・江苏扬州中考） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the most powerful space telescope ever built. It was sent into space in December 2021. Now it is giving humans their first clear look at the very early universe. Unlike the Hubble Space Telescope, which orbits close to Earth, Webb travels around the Sun, about 1.5 million kilometers away from our planet. This position keeps it cold and away from the heat of Earth, so it can pick up very faint light from faraway stars and galaxies. Webb mainly studies infrared light, which our eyes cannot see. Most very old stars and galaxies are so far away that their light has become infrared. By studying this light, scientists can find out what the first galaxies looked like when the universe was young. They can also study planets outside our solar system and check if they have conditions for life. Webb has already taken many amazing photos. It has shown us clouds on Jupiter’s moon, and the most distant star ever seen. Scientists say Webb will work for at least 10 years, and it will change our understanding of the universe. 1. What is special about the James Webb Space Telescope? A. It is the first space telescope in the world. B. It is the most powerful space telescope ever. C. It orbits very close to the Earth. D. It only takes photos of the Moon. 2. Why does Webb stay far away from Earth? A. To avoid the Earth’s heat and stay cold. B. To get closer to the Sun. C. To protect itself from aliens. D. To take photos of the Earth. 3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Webb studies light that human eyes can see easily. B. Infrared light helps scientists study the early universe. C. All faraway stars have been found by Webb. D. Planets outside the solar system all have life. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. The History of Space Exploration B. How Galaxies Formed C. A New Eye on the Universe D. Planets Outside Our Solar System 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了詹姆斯・韦伯太空望远镜的定位、工作原理与科研价值，展现了人类探索宇宙的新工具。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the most powerful space telescope ever built.” 可知，韦伯望远镜的特别之处在于它是有史以来最强大的太空望远镜，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “This position keeps it cold and away from the heat of Earth” 可知，韦伯远离地球是为了避开地球的热量、保持低温状态，以便捕捉微弱的光线，故选 A。 3. 推理判断题。根据第三段 “By studying this light, scientists can find out what the first galaxies looked like when the universe was young.” 可知，红外光帮助科学家研究早期宇宙的样貌，故选 B。 4. 标题归纳题。全文介绍了韦伯望远镜这一观测宇宙的全新工具，它就像人类看向宇宙的新眼睛，C 项最贴合主旨；A “太空探索史” 范围过大，B “星系如何形成” 并非核心，D “太阳系外行星” 只是部分内容，均排除。 $