精品解析：北京中国人民大学附属中学联合学校总校2026-2027学年高二上学期期中英语试题

2026北京人大附中高二（上）期中 英    语 说明：本试卷共3道大题71道小题，共8页，满分100分，练习时长90分钟。 请在答题纸的密封区域内填写个人信息，请将答案全部填涂在答题纸上。 第一部分：知识应用（共五节；共45分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my ___1___. I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even ___2___. But I knew it was time to ___3___ this mysterious creature. I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. She pulled back and repeated this action several times, as if checking my reaction. I thought this must be a sign of ___4___. Knowing panic would only make things worse, I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to ___5___ any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my ___6___, she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera — she thought the camera was my mouth! Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to ___7___ me. But I thought she was really trying to communicate with me. Once, she even drove away another leopard seal that swam near me, as if protecting me. At this point, she didn’t seem very ___8___. She stayed by me and took care of me for four days. I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not always behave the way we ___9___. I believe the ___10___ experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever. 1. A. knife         B. camera         C. bag         D. gun 2. A. fight         B. escape         C. swim         D. move 3. A. rescue         B. seize         C. adopt         D. approach 4. A. threat         B. sympathy         C. reward         D. respect 5. A. confirm         B. overcome         C. show         D. reduce 6. A. surprise         B. regret         C. satisfaction         D. sorrow 7. A. attack         B. comfort         C. feed         D. assess 8. A. reliable         B. sensitive         C. ambitious         D. dangerous 9. A. admire         B. expect         C. demand         D. promise 10. A. desperate         B. incredible         C. amusing         D. bittersweet 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A London Marathon runner saw a competitor who needed help. The competitor had fallen to the ground, so he picked him up. When he ___11___ (fall) down again, he decided to support him to the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner who ___12___ (selfless) helped his competitor, became famous on the Internet. The two runners became friends and ___13___ (meet) at next year’s London Marathon, hopefully. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A warning system ___14___ (prevent) drivers from falling asleep was introduced at the 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services, which ___15___ (hold) from September 4 to 9 in Beijing. The system, ___16___ (develop) to watch drivers’ eye movements, can judge whether the driver is sleepy by monitoring how long the driver’s eyes close. If the driver is tired, the system will sound an alarm ___17___ the driver’s eyes reopen. In the future, other dangerous driving behaviors, such as not wearing a seat belt and making phone calls while driving, might also be added into this warning system. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____18____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____19____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support are seen as needy and ____20____ (demand). These are not attractive features in someone’s personality and might lead to losing friends. 第三节 词组填空（共10小题；每题0.5分，共5分） 用方框内词组的正确形式填空，每个词组限用一次。 associate with; be appreciative of; give away; boil down to; wipe out; at risk; be committed to; take up; obsess over; get ahead; 21. If you want to __________ in your career, continuous learning is necessary. 22. Many people tend to __________ small details and ignore the bigger picture. 23. No matter how complicated life decisions seem, they often __________ what you truly value. 24. We __________ your generous support and timely help. 25. Jane __________ the post at Harvard University last year. 26. Nearly all dinosaurs __________ in that mass-extinction event. 27. Without regular exercise, people of all ages are __________ of developing health problems. 28. He doesn’t like to __________ those who are dishonest. 29. Last year, Mrs. Dalloway __________ all her old books to the children in the mountain area. 30. At that time, all our teachers __________ providing high-quality education for every student. 第四节 单词填空（共10小题，每小题0.5分，共5分） 按提示用单词的正确形式填空，每空一词，并把完整单词写在答题卡相应位置。 31. Social networking d__________ my life in so many ways. 社交网络在方方面面支配着我的生活。 32. I spend a lot of time s_______ with my friends online. 我花很多时间在网上和朋友社交。 33. I have always lived my life to e___________ 我这一生总是不断挑战极限。 34. That is the way I roll, no matter what I’m a__________ myself to. 我向来如此，无论我全身心投入去攻克的是什么目标。 35. Our country is in u____ need of talented people. 我们国家迫切需要人才。 36. Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area is a u_____ nature wonder. 九寨沟风景名胜区是一处独一无二的自然奇观。 37. The valley is also home to many protected species of plants and e__________ animals. 该山谷是众多受保护植物以及濒危动物的家园。 38. C________ to popular belief, a desert can be very cold. （根据首字母单词拼写） 39. C__________ on a superb performance! 演出棒极了！祝贺你！ 40. You’ll need to convince them of your e__________ for the job in the interview. 在面试中你需要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。 第五节 词义辨析（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。每个单词只用一次。注意：多给出1个单词。 A. integrate    B. prompt    C. validate    D. correlate    E. subject    F. soar Our school launched a project to explore how sleep affects students’ academic performance. Our team decided to ___41___ students’ test scores with their daily sleep hours. To collect reliable data, we designed a short questionnaire. We then set out to ___42___ the information from the questionnaires and school records into a single database. When we presented our findings at a school assembly, interest in the importance of sleep began to ___43___. Our findings also helped to ___44___ further discussions about how students could develop healthier sleeping habits and how schools should not ___45___ students to unnecessary stress. 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。每个单词只用一次。注意：多给出1个单词。 A. accountable    B. distinctive    C. substantially    D. mere    E. outbreak    F. joint Our biology research team has built a ___46___ small greenhouse for our ___47___ school gardening project, which brings together students from three different classes, to shelter young plants from sudden strong winds. Every team member is ___48___ for caring for their assigned plants. This work is no ___49___ casual hobby and it is ___50___ more demanding than we first imagined. 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） A Explore your world — Mirthy Online events to help you discover, learn and connect Who is Mirthy? Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn, share, and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It’s all about fulfilment and wellbeing. There are some online events each month to try, from craft workshops to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or to pick up a new skill — signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could be just what you have been looking for. How does it work? Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy. Once you register for an event, you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can’t make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you! Best of all, it’s completely FREE to join Join Mirthy for free today, and you can enjoy any 4 events every month, for free. If you’re up for more, then you can either select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for £2.99 each, or you can upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only £4.99 per month. If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there’s no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime. 51. What can people do at Mirthy this week? A. Make art crafts. B. Talk about fitness experience. C. Learn songs. D. Study wild plants and animals. 52. Which of the following is true about Mirthy? A. People can sign up for the events online. B. The events can be watched again at any time. C. People can upgrade their membership for free. D. No more than 4 events are offered each month. 53. What’s the main purpose of this passage? A. To share a lifestyle. B. To recommend a website. C. To introduce online events. D. To explain a registration process. B Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure, but I never imagined this would lead to my chosen career. My work as an expedition doctor has taken me all over the world, from the mosquito-infested wet land in Africa to the untouched wilderness of Antarctica. However, my favorite trips, and the ones in which I now specialize, are those involving mountains. Never do I feel more inspired by nature than when I look up at their towering peaks and begin to prepare myself mentally for the challenges ahead. I trained as a doctor in the UK, but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken leg during a storm on the side of a mountain! In fact, I’d say that medical skills come some way down the list of job requirements, after stamina (耐力), problem-solving and communication. This kind of medicine is a million miles away from the controlled, clean environment of a hospital, and your medical kit basically consists of whatever you can carry, so you sometimes have to use whatever is available. For example, I’ve learned that some drugs can be used for several conditions, and I’ve even had to cut branches off a small tree to make a piece of wood to support a broken arm. Now I do most of my work for adventure holiday companies, travelling to remote places. When I started out, these holidays were quite rare, but they have become much more mainstream now that we’ve all seen celebrities climbing Kilimanjaro or watched reality shows about people exploring jungles. I do have mixed feelings about all these people with large amounts of income coming to poor areas just for their own enjoyment, so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities. And of course, tourism provides employment, and also opens the eyes of visitors to the hardship that many people are forced to go through. 54. What made the author choose his career? A. His love of nature. B. His talent for medicine. C. His desire for adventure. D. His sense of responsibility. 55. What does the author find tough in his work as an expedition doctor? A. Reducing potential risks. B. Adapting to local customs. C. Dealing with emergencies. D. Surviving in the wilderness. 56. According to the author, the companies he now works for should ______. A. offer tourists challenges and security B. satisfy tourists and make more profits C. bring benefits to the local communities D. build tourists’ mental and physical well-being 57. What words can best describe the expedition doctor? A. Ambitious and easy-going B. Adventurous and responsible C. Generous and humorous D. Cautious and enthusiastic C Many plants — one or more species of at least 68 different families — can produce sweet liquid even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (花外蜜腺) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures. These plants usually grow where ants are numerous, most in hot rainy areas but some in mild-temperature areas. Among those in northeastern North America are various plum, cherry, rose, hawthorn, poplar, and oak plants. Like flower nectar, this sweet liquid outside flowers is mostly water with much dissolved sugar and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids (氨基酸). We know the nectaries of some plants draw ants and other insects, but how these plants developed such structures is still unclear. Even so, most biologists think all these nectaries attract insects that will guard the plant. Ants are perhaps the most common and certainly the most steady defenders of plants. Since highly active worker ants need plenty of energy, plants meet this need by making sweet liquid outside flowers to supply ants with rich energy. To pay back this help, ants guard the nectary structures, driving away or killing harmful insects that may compete with ants for the sweet liquid. Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae (幼虫). Many of these harmful insects eat plant leaves. Biologists once believed that making this sweet liquid outside flowers only served the plant’s own body needs, and ants brought no good to these plants at all. This view and the opposite “protection” idea - that ants protect plants - were argued for more than one hundred years. In 1910, William Morton Wheeler, who doubted this “protection” idea, commented on the debate. He asked for evidence to support the protection view: ants’ visits protect plants; without ants, far more plants would die or fail to bloom and form seeds than when ants are present. We now have plenty of such facts. Barbara Bentley summed up related research in 1977, and more later studies and tests have further proved that ants do good to plants. One example shows how ants drawn by these nectaries protect morning glories (牵牛花) from harmful insects. The main insects that attack North American morning glories feed mostly on its flowers or fruits instead of its leaves. Grasshoppers that eat flowers stop pollination (授粉) and seed formation indirectly. They destroy the corolla (flower petals) or the stigma (the part that receives pollen). Without colorful petals, flowers cannot attract pollinators and cannot be fertilized. One adult grasshopper can eat a large petal circle, about 2.5 inches long, within an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetles reduce seed production directly. Caterpillars eat the ovaries (parts where seeds grow), and young seed beetles eat seeds while they dig inside developing fruits. Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants of different kinds. When buds are still tiny, less than a quarter of an inch long, these nectaries are already working and making sweet liquid. They keep working while flowers grow and fruits ripen. Observations strongly suggest that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from grasshoppers, caterpillars and seed beetles. Bentley compared seed production of six plants growing without ants with seventeen plants with ants around them. Plants without ant protection produced only 45 seeds each, while plants guarded by ants produced 211 seeds each. Ants are too small to kill or seriously hurt grasshoppers, but they bite grasshoppers’ feet and force them to leave. Seed beetles are easier to attack because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. Ants hunt adult beetles, disturb female beetles when they lay eggs on young fruits, and eat many of the eggs laid. 58. What can be inferred about the ants that are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries? A. They often fight with one another for the sweet liquid. B. They live almost only on this sweet liquid outside flowers. C. They spend most of their energy watching over the nectary structures. D. They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce this sweet liquid. 59. What role does paragraph 4 play in the passage? A. It explains how insects find sources of sweet liquid. B. It introduces the first study that proved ants help plants. C. It provides different kinds of evidence for the “protection” idea. D. It presents information that partly goes against the “protection” idea. 60. What did Bentley’s comparison study show? A. Far more plants grew in places with ants than in places without ants. B. The ants preferred plants with low seed output to those with high seed output. C. Plants growing without ants were much smaller and weaker than those with ants. D. Plants protected by ants produced far more seeds than plants without ant protection. 61. What is the best title for this passage? A. Sweet Rewards for Plant Defenders B. Tiny Guards for Vulnerable Plants C. Deadly Pests of Morning Glory D. Fierce Fights for Nectar Treasures D The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. The moral is that people often stay silent for fear of looking foolish or out of line, even when they can see the plain truth. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts? In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is“cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles — that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour. In the modern world, with all its complexity, cooperation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent filings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories. There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers — maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级). The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as“psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant. One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour. 62. The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______. A. prove children’s wisdom over adults B. blame team leaders for blind decisions C. reveal the risk of lacking different voices D. praise the value of honesty and bravery 63. What does the phrase“ploughed ahead”in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. continued bravely despite doubts B. paused to listen to different views C. cut down the cost of the projects D. worked out detailed plans in advance 64. According to the passage, which of the following makes an effective team? A. Employing graduates with excellent academic training. B. Appointing seniors with rich experience in team leading. C. Assembling a team of people from diverse backgrounds. D. Selecting members who are committed and loyal to the leader. 65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Different voices can contribute to the complexity of the world. B. With less information revealed, one is more ready to air his view. C. A team led by junior managers faces greater risks from pecking order. D. Unity, agreement and cooperation are necessary for team effectiveness. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? ___66___ It is about finding out the opportunity cost. When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision. In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option. ___67___ Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost. ___68___ Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time. ___69___ This is how you create priorities in your daily life. Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. ___70___ Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain. A. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision. B. There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem. C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life. D. After all, putting a number to your peace of mind or happiness can be difficult. E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch. F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view. G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life. 第三部分 书面表达（共15分） 71. Some people believe that it is better to live a short yet shining life of great achievements, while others argue that a long, peaceful ordinary life is more valuable. Write a for and against essay on the topic. Discuss both views and share your idea. 注意：字数不少于100词。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026北京人大附中高二（上）期中 英    语 说明：本试卷共3道大题71道小题，共8页，满分100分，练习时长90分钟。 请在答题纸的密封区域内填写个人信息，请将答案全部填涂在答题纸上。 第一部分：知识应用（共五节；共45分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal swam by. I put on my diving equipment and grabbed my ___1___. I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even ___2___. But I knew it was time to ___3___ this mysterious creature. I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth. She pulled back and repeated this action several times, as if checking my reaction. I thought this must be a sign of ___4___. Knowing panic would only make things worse, I decided to stay very calm. Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to ___5___ any fear. She did it a few more times, and then swam away. To my ___6___, she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera — she thought the camera was my mouth! Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to ___7___ me. But I thought she was really trying to communicate with me. Once, she even drove away another leopard seal that swam near me, as if protecting me. At this point, she didn’t seem very ___8___. She stayed by me and took care of me for four days. I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not always behave the way we ___9___. I believe the ___10___ experience I had with this powerful and intelligent animal will stay with me forever. 1. A. knife         B. camera         C. bag         D. gun 2. A. fight         B. escape         C. swim         D. move 3. A. rescue         B. seize         C. adopt         D. approach 4. A. threat         B. sympathy         C. reward         D. respect 5. A. confirm         B. overcome         C. show         D. reduce 6. A. surprise         B. regret         C. satisfaction         D. sorrow 7. A. attack         B. comfort         C. feed         D. assess 8. A. reliable         B. sensitive         C. ambitious         D. dangerous 9. A. admire         B. expect         C. demand         D. promise 10. A. desperate         B. incredible         C. amusing         D. bittersweet 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 【解析】 【导语】短文叙述了身为生物学家兼摄影师的作者偶遇豹海豹，海豹的举动出乎他意料，这段奇妙经历让他对动物行为有了新认识。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：我穿上潜水装备，抓起我的相机。A. knife刀；B. camera相机；C. bag包；D. gun枪。根据前文“As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals.”可知，作者是摄影师，随身带着相机。 【2题详解】 考查动词。句意：我口干舌燥，甚至动弹不得。A. fight打架；B. escape逃跑；C. swim游泳；D. move移动。根据前文“I was frightened because she was so big”可知，作者十分害怕，所以吓得不能动。 【3题详解】 考查动词。句意：但我知道是时候靠近这只神秘的生物了。A. rescue营救；B. seize抓住；C. adopt收养；D. approach靠近。根据后文“I jumped into the freezing water”以及语境可知，此处指作者跳入水中，打算靠近这只海豹。 【4题详解】 考查名词。句意：我认为这一定是一种威胁的信号。A. threat威胁；B. sympathy同情；C. reward奖励；D. respect尊重。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth”可知，海豹把相机和作者头部放进嘴里，作者以为这是威胁。 【5题详解】 考查动词。句意：虽然海豹向我露出牙齿，但我努力不表现出任何恐惧。A. confirm确认；B. overcome克服；C. show展现；D. reduce减少。根据前文“Knowing panic would only make things worse, I decided to stay very calm”以及语境可知，作者决定保持冷静，不表现出恐惧。 【6题详解】 考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，她叼着一只活企鹅回来了。A. surprise惊讶；B. regret后悔；C. satisfaction满意；D. sorrow悲伤。根据前文“then swam away”和后文“she came back with a live penguin”可知，海豹本来游走，却带回活企鹅，这件事让作者意外。 【7题详解】 考查动词。句意：作为一名生物学家，我明白她是想要喂我。A. attack攻击；B. comfort安慰；C. feed喂养；D. assess评估。根据前文“And she even showed me how to eat it. Then she pushed the penguin into my camera — she thought the camera was my mouth!”可知，海豹把企鹅推向相机，以为相机是作者的嘴，是想喂作者。 【8题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这时，她看起来不再很危险了。A. reliable可靠的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. ambitious有雄心的；D. dangerous危险的。根据前文“she even drove away another leopard seal that swam near me, as if protecting me”以及后文“She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.”可知，海豹保护作者、陪伴照顾作者，所以看起来海豹不再危险。 【9题详解】 考查动词。句意：而且更重要的是，我认识到动物并不总是按照我们预想的方式行事。A. admire钦佩；B. expect预料，期待；C. demand要求；D. promise承诺。根据第二段“I thought this must be a sign of 　　　.”以及第二段“To my 　　　, she came back with a live penguin.”可知，此处指海豹的行为和作者一开始预想的不一样。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我相信我和这只强大又聪慧的动物之间这段不可思议的经历会永远留在我的记忆里。A. desperate绝望的；B. incredible难以置信的，不可思议的；C. amusing好笑的；D. bittersweet苦乐参半的。根据前文“I got many amazing pictures during those four days.”以及语境可知，此处指这段经历十分奇妙，难以置信。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A London Marathon runner saw a competitor who needed help. The competitor had fallen to the ground, so he picked him up. When he ___11___ (fall) down again, he decided to support him to the finish line 200 metres away. Matthew, the runner who ___12___ (selfless) helped his competitor, became famous on the Internet. The two runners became friends and ___13___ (meet) at next year’s London Marathon, hopefully. 【答案】11. fell 12. selflessly 13. will meet 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是马拉松选手马修在比赛中帮助竞争对手，并和对手成为了好朋友。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：当他再次跌倒时，他决定扶着他到200米外的终点线。空处在时间状语从句中作谓语，结合主句中decided可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，故填fell。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：马修，那个无私地帮助他的竞争对手的赛跑者，在互联网上出名了。空格处用副词修饰动词helped，selfless的副词是selflessly，意为“无私地”，故填selflessly。 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：这两位选手成为了朋友，并有望在明年的伦敦马拉松比赛上相遇。由next year’s可知，句子用一般将来时，因此空格处是will meet，故填will meet。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A warning system ___14___ (prevent) drivers from falling asleep was introduced at the 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services, which ___15___ (hold) from September 4 to 9 in Beijing. The system, ___16___ (develop) to watch drivers’ eye movements, can judge whether the driver is sleepy by monitoring how long the driver’s eyes close. If the driver is tired, the system will sound an alarm ___17___ the driver’s eyes reopen. In the future, other dangerous driving behaviors, such as not wearing a seat belt and making phone calls while driving, might also be added into this warning system. 【答案】14. to prevent 15. was held 16. developed 17. until##till 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了一款防司机犯困的预警系统，它通过监测眼部状态报警，未来还可以增加对其他危险驾驶行为的监测功能。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一款用于防止司机犯困的预警系统在2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会上亮相，该交易会于9月4日至9日在北京举办。此处为非谓语动词，A warning system与prevent是主动关系，应用不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词system，说明该系统的功能用途。 【15题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：一款用于防止司机犯困的预警系统在2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会上亮相，该交易会于9月4日至9日在北京举办。此处为从句谓语动词，主语which指代the 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services，与hold是被动关系，结合主句使用一般过去时和空后from September 4 to 9可推知该动作发生在过去，也应用一般过去时，单数主语用was held。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这套为监测司机眼球运动而研发的系统，可以通过监测司机闭眼时长来判断司机是否困倦。此处为非谓语动词，The system与develop为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。 【17题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：如果司机疲劳，系统会持续发出警报，直到司机重新睁开眼睛。此处应用连词until/till，表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Self-reliance is a significant element in being an independent person. When you can make decisions for yourself ____18____ relying on others to approve your choice, you are acting independently. A person ____19____ is self-reliant and makes decisions with confidence is going to find themselves being relied on. This can make them feel more valuable. However, people relying heavily on others for support are seen as needy and ____20____ (demand). These are not attractive features in someone’s personality and might lead to losing friends. 【答案】18. without 19. who##that 20. demanding 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了自立是成为独立个体的重要要素，阐述了自立行事的好处以及过度依赖他人的负面影响。 【18题详解】 考查介词。句意：当你能够为自己做决定，而无需依赖他人来批准你的选择时，你就是在独立行事。空处应用介词without，表示“没有、不借助”，后接动名词作宾语。 【19题详解】 考查关系代词。句意：一个自力更生并自信地做出决定的人会发现自己被依赖。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A person，指人，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who或that。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，那些过度依赖他人支持的人被视为有需求且要求过高。空处应用形容词demanding，表示“要求过高的、苛刻的”，与needy为并列成分。 第三节 词组填空（共10小题；每题0.5分，共5分） 用方框内词组的正确形式填空，每个词组限用一次。 associate with; be appreciative of; give away; boil down to; wipe out; at risk; be committed to; take up; obsess over; get ahead; 21. If you want to __________ in your career, continuous learning is necessary. 22. Many people tend to __________ small details and ignore the bigger picture. 23. No matter how complicated life decisions seem, they often __________ what you truly value. 24. We __________ your generous support and timely help. 25. Jane __________ the post at Harvard University last year. 26. Nearly all dinosaurs __________ in that mass-extinction event. 27. Without regular exercise, people of all ages are __________ of developing health problems. 28. He doesn’t like to __________ those who are dishonest. 29. Last year, Mrs. Dalloway __________ all her old books to the children in the mountain area. 30. At that time, all our teachers __________ providing high-quality education for every student. 【答案】21. get ahead 22. obsess over 23. boil down to 24. are appreciative of 25.  took up 26. were wiped out 27. at risk 28. associate with 29. gave away 30. were committed to 【解析】 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：如果你想在事业上取得成功，持续学习是必要的。此空应填动词短语，根据“in your career, continuous learning is necessary”可知，此处表达事业取得进展。get ahead，表“获得成功，取得进步”，want to后接动词原形，符合“职场想要进步需要不断学习”的语境。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：很多人往往过分纠结细枝末节，而忽视大局。此空应填动词短语，根据“small details and ignore the bigger picture”可知，此处指过度拘泥于细节。obsess over，表“痴迷于，过分纠结”，固定搭配tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”，to后接动词原形，符合“纠结细节而忽略大局”的语境。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：无论人生抉择看起来多么复杂，它们往往归结于你真正看重的东西。此空应填动词短语，根据“No matter how complicated life decisions seem”可知，此处指复杂选择的本质。boil down to，表“归结为，归根结底是”，由“often”可知，时态应用一般现在时表习惯性动作，主语为they，一般现在时用动词原形，符合“复杂抉择归根于个人价值观”的语境。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我们感激你慷慨的支持与及时的帮助。此空应填动词短语，根据“your generous support and timely help”可知，此处指对他人的帮助心怀感激。be appreciative of，表“感激……”，此处可用一般现在时表现在的状态；主语we，一般现在时be动词用are，符合“感恩他人帮扶”的语境。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：简去年在哈佛大学就职。此空应填动词短语，根据“the post at Harvard University last year”可知，此处指就任某个职位。take up，表“开始从事，就任”，时间状语last year为一般过去时，用过去式took up，符合“简任职哈佛”的语境。 【26题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：几乎所有恐龙都在那次大灭绝事件中灭绝。此空应填动词短语，根据“in that mass‑extinction event”可知，此处指恐龙遭到毁灭。wipe out，表“彻底消灭，灭绝”，此处应用一般过去时表过去情况；主语dinosaurs和wipe out是被动关系，所以应填were wiped out，符合“恐龙在大灭绝事件中消亡”的语境。 【27题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：缺乏规律锻炼，各年龄段人群都有患上健康问题的风险。此空应填短语，根据“of developing health problems”可知，此处表示存在患病的危险。at risk，表“处于危险中”，符合“缺少运动就有健康隐患”的语境。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：他不喜欢和不诚实的人交往。此空应填动词短语，根据“those who are dishonest”可知，此处指与这类人来往。associate with，表“与……交往，打交道”，固定搭配like to do sth.“喜欢做某事”，to后接动词原形，符合“不愿和不诚信的人打交道”的语境。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：去年达洛维夫人把她所有旧书捐赠给山区孩子。此空应填动词短语，根据“all her old books to the children in the mountain area”可知，此处指把书本捐献出去。give away，表“赠送，捐赠”，时间状语last year为一般过去时标志，所以此处应用过去式gave away，符合“捐书给山区儿童”的语境。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：那时候，我们全体老师都致力于为每一位学生提供高质量教育。此空应填动词短语，根据“providing high‑quality education for every student”可知，此处指教师投身教育事业。be committed to，表“致力于，投身于”，时间状语At that time为一般过去时标志，主语为复数，be动词用were，符合“老师致力于优质教育”的语境。 第四节 单词填空（共10小题，每小题0.5分，共5分） 按提示用单词的正确形式填空，每空一词，并把完整单词写在答题卡相应位置。 31. Social networking d__________ my life in so many ways. 社交网络在方方面面支配着我的生活。 【答案】dominates 【解析】 【详解】句意：社交网络在方方面面支配着我的生活。“支配，控制”为dominate；陈述客观事实，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式dominates。 32. I spend a lot of time s_______ with my friends online. 我花很多时间在网上和朋友社交。 【答案】 socializing/socialising 【解析】 【详解】分析英汉句子可知，本题要翻译“社交”；spend+时间+doing sth.是固定结构，所填内容要用动名词形式；所填词以s开头，“社交”对应的动词是socialize/socialise，要变成动名词socializing/socialising。 33. I have always lived my life to e___________ 我这一生总是不断挑战极限。 【答案】extremes##xtremes 【解析】 【详解】固定搭配 live one’s life to extremes，表示“走极端、挑战极限”，extremes用复数形式表示泛指，作宾语。 34. That is the way I roll, no matter what I’m a__________ myself to. 我向来如此，无论我全身心投入去攻克的是什么目标。 【答案】applying##pplying 【解析】 【详解】“专心于；全身心投入”为apply oneself to；前面有am，此处是现在进行时，所以用applying。 35. Our country is in u____ need of talented people. 我们国家迫切需要人才。 【答案】 urgent 【解析】 【详解】分析英汉句子可知，本题要翻译“迫切的”。所填词以u开头，作定语修饰名词need，形容词urgent含有此意，符合题干要求。 36. Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area is a u_____ nature wonder. 九寨沟风景名胜区是一处独一无二的自然奇观。 【答案】 unique 【解析】 【详解】分析英汉句子可知，本题要翻译“独一无二的”。所填词以u开头，作定语修饰nature wonder，形容词unique含有此意，符合题干要求。 37. The valley is also home to many protected species of plants and e__________ animals. 该山谷是众多受保护植物以及濒危动物的家园。 【答案】endangered##ndangered 【解析】 【详解】根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“濒危的”应用形容词endangered，此处作定语修饰名词animals。 38. C________ to popular belief, a desert can be very cold. （根据首字母单词拼写） 【答案】Contrary##ontrary 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：与普遍的看法相反，沙漠可能非常寒冷。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语contrary to，表示“与……相反”，位于句首，开头字母需大写，故填Contrary。 39. C__________ on a superb performance! 演出棒极了！祝贺你！ 【答案】Congratulations 【解析】 【详解】congratulations on sth. 为固定短语，意为 “祝贺……”，该词常用复数形式，句首首字母大写。 40. You’ll need to convince them of your e__________ for the job in the interview. 在面试中你需要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。 【答案】 enthusiasm##nthusiasm 【解析】 【详解】根据中文提示“热情”以及首字母“e”可知，此处应填名词enthusiasm作介词of的宾语。 第五节 词义辨析（共10小题；每小题0.5分，共5分） 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。每个单词只用一次。注意：多给出1个单词。 A. integrate    B. prompt    C. validate    D. correlate    E. subject    F. soar Our school launched a project to explore how sleep affects students’ academic performance. Our team decided to ___41___ students’ test scores with their daily sleep hours. To collect reliable data, we designed a short questionnaire. We then set out to ___42___ the information from the questionnaires and school records into a single database. When we presented our findings at a school assembly, interest in the importance of sleep began to ___43___. Our findings also helped to ___44___ further discussions about how students could develop healthier sleeping habits and how schools should not ___45___ students to unnecessary stress. 【答案】41. D 42. A 43. F 44. B 45. E 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍学校开展项目探究睡眠对学生学业表现的影响，团队收集整合数据，研究结果引发大家关注睡眠健康。 【41题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们小组决定把学生的考试分数和他们每日的睡眠时间联系起来。根据“Our school launched a project to explore how sleep affects students’ academic performance”可知，为了探究睡眠对学业表现的影响，小组决定把学生的考试分数和他们每日的睡眠时间联系起来。固定搭配correlate A with B表示“把A与B关联起来”。to后接动词原形。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：之后我们着手把问卷信息和学校记录整合到同一个数据库中。根据“the information from the questionnaires and school records into a single database”可知，整合到同一个数据库中。固定搭配integrate…into…意为“把……整合到……”。to后接动词原形。 【43题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我们在全校集会上展示研究结果时，大家对于睡眠重要性的关注度开始飙升。根据“When we presented our findings at a school assembly”可知，关注度开始飙升。soar意为“激增，飙升”，符合语境。to后接动词原形。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们的研究结果也助推引发进一步讨论，探讨学生如何养成更健康的睡眠习惯以及学校不该让学生承受不必要的压力。根据“further discussions”可知，研究结果引发进一步讨论，prompt意为“促使，引发”，prompt further discussions 表示“引发进一步讨论”。to后接动词原形。 【45题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们的研究结果也助推引发进一步讨论，探讨学生如何养成更健康的睡眠习惯以及学校不该让学生承受不必要的压力。根据“to unnecessary stress”可知，学校不该让学生承受不必要的压力。固定搭配subject sb. to sth.意为“使某人遭受/承受某事”，should后接动词原形。 从方框中选择合适的单词填空。每个单词只用一次。注意：多给出1个单词。 A. accountable    B. distinctive    C. substantially    D. mere    E. outbreak    F. joint Our biology research team has built a ___46___ small greenhouse for our ___47___ school gardening project, which brings together students from three different classes, to shelter young plants from sudden strong winds. Every team member is ___48___ for caring for their assigned plants. This work is no ___49___ casual hobby and it is ___50___ more demanding than we first imagined. 【答案】46. B 47. F 48. A 49. D 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍生物研究小组搭建特色小型温室，用于联合校园园艺项目，组员各司其职，这项工作远没有想象中轻松。 【46题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我们生物研究小组搭建了一座特色小型温室，用于我们的校园园艺项目；该项目汇集了三个不同班级的学生，用来保护幼苗免遭突如其来的大风侵袭。空后是名词greenhouse，需要形容词修饰；distinctive意为“有特色的，独特的”，符合语境。 【47题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。空后是名词project，需要形容词修饰；joint意为“联合的”，后文“brings together students from three different classes”提示是多个班级一起开展的项目，joint符合语境。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：每位组员都有责任照料分配给自己的植物。根据“for caring for their assigned plants”可知，每位组员都有责任照料分配给自己的植物。固定搭配be accountable for，意为“对……负责”，符合句意。形容词accountable作表语。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这项工作绝不仅仅是随意的爱好，而且它的要求远比我们最初设想的高得多。no mere 表示“绝不仅仅是”，mere意为“仅仅的”，修饰名词casual hobby。符合语境。 【50题详解】 考查副词。句意：这项工作绝不仅仅是随意的爱好，而且它的要求远比我们最初设想的高得多。此处修饰比较级more demanding，要用副词；substantially意为“大大地，相当程度地”，修饰比较级。符合语境。 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） A Explore your world — Mirthy Online events to help you discover, learn and connect Who is Mirthy? Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. It was designed to create an inclusive community where people can learn, share, and connect with others through a variety of events that are active, sociable, and uplifting. It’s all about fulfilment and wellbeing. There are some online events each month to try, from craft workshops to fitness sessions. For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. So whether you have a desire to get fitter or to pick up a new skill — signing up for classes and events with Mirthy could be just what you have been looking for. How does it work? Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. Then you can take a look through the calendar of upcoming events and see what takes your fancy. Once you register for an event, you will then receive a link on email ready for you to join the live event. If your plans change and you can’t make it, you will receive a link for a 7-day replay that you can watch at a time that is convenient for you! Best of all, it’s completely FREE to join Join Mirthy for free today, and you can enjoy any 4 events every month, for free. If you’re up for more, then you can either select and book additional events on a pay-as-you-go basis, normally for £2.99 each, or you can upgrade to the Premium membership giving you full free access to all events for only £4.99 per month. If you choose to go for the Premium membership, there’s no contract. You simply upgrade your membership and you can cancel anytime. 51. What can people do at Mirthy this week? A. Make art crafts. B. Talk about fitness experience. C. Learn songs. D. Study wild plants and animals. 52. Which of the following is true about Mirthy? A. People can sign up for the events online. B. The events can be watched again at any time. C. People can upgrade their membership for free. D. No more than 4 events are offered each month. 53. What’s the main purpose of this passage? A. To share a lifestyle. B. To recommend a website. C. To introduce online events. D. To explain a registration process. 【答案】51. C 52. A 53. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍Mirthy网站的功能、活动及注册方式。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据Who is Mirthy?部分的第二段中“For example, according to our event calendar, this week you can attend gardening classes and singing lessons. (例如，根据我们的活动日历，本周您可以参加园艺课程和歌唱课程)”可知，本周Mirthy提供园艺课和歌唱课，人们可以在Mirthy学习歌曲。故选C。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据How does it work?部分第一段中“Sign up via the online registration form at Mirthy.com. (通过Mirthy.com的在线注册表注册)”可知，人们可以在线报名参加Mirthy的活动。故选A。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据标题“Explore your world — Mirthy (探索你的世界——Mirthy)”和Who is Mirthy?部分的第一段中“Mirthy is one of the most popular websites for online events and already loved and trusted by more than 45,000 people. (Mirthy是最受欢迎的在线活动网站之一，已经受到45000多人的喜爱和信任)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了Mirthy这个网站，包括其提供的在线活动、注册方式、会员制度等信息，由此推断这篇文章的目的是推荐一个网站。故选B。 B Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure, but I never imagined this would lead to my chosen career. My work as an expedition doctor has taken me all over the world, from the mosquito-infested wet land in Africa to the untouched wilderness of Antarctica. However, my favorite trips, and the ones in which I now specialize, are those involving mountains. Never do I feel more inspired by nature than when I look up at their towering peaks and begin to prepare myself mentally for the challenges ahead. I trained as a doctor in the UK, but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken leg during a storm on the side of a mountain! In fact, I’d say that medical skills come some way down the list of job requirements, after stamina (耐力), problem-solving and communication. This kind of medicine is a million miles away from the controlled, clean environment of a hospital, and your medical kit basically consists of whatever you can carry, so you sometimes have to use whatever is available. For example, I’ve learned that some drugs can be used for several conditions, and I’ve even had to cut branches off a small tree to make a piece of wood to support a broken arm. Now I do most of my work for adventure holiday companies, travelling to remote places. When I started out, these holidays were quite rare, but they have become much more mainstream now that we’ve all seen celebrities climbing Kilimanjaro or watched reality shows about people exploring jungles. I do have mixed feelings about all these people with large amounts of income coming to poor areas just for their own enjoyment, so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities. And of course, tourism provides employment, and also opens the eyes of visitors to the hardship that many people are forced to go through. 54. What made the author choose his career? A. His love of nature. B. His talent for medicine. C. His desire for adventure. D. His sense of responsibility. 55. What does the author find tough in his work as an expedition doctor? A. Reducing potential risks. B. Adapting to local customs. C. Dealing with emergencies. D. Surviving in the wilderness. 56. According to the author, the companies he now works for should ______. A. offer tourists challenges and security B. satisfy tourists and make more profits C. bring benefits to the local communities D. build tourists’ mental and physical well-being 57. What words can best describe the expedition doctor? A. Ambitious and easy-going B. Adventurous and responsible C. Generous and humorous D. Cautious and enthusiastic 【答案】54. C 55. C 56. C 57. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者作为一名远征医生的职业经历，介绍了这份职业的缘起、工作要求、野外工作的实际特点，以及作者对所供职的探险度假公司的道德标准与社会价值的要求。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure, but I never imagined this would lead to my chosen career.(从我还是个小男孩的时候起，我就热爱冒险，但我从未想过这会促成我选择如今的职业。)”可知，对冒险的向往是作者选择当前职业的核心原因。 【55题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I trained as a doctor in the UK, but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken leg during a storm on the side of a mountain!(我在英国接受过医生培训，但那些培训几乎没让我做好准备，去应对山边暴风雨中出现的腿部骨折状况。)”可知，医院的正规医学培训难以应对野外山地暴风雨环境下受伤这类紧急情况，野外工作需要处理这类突发紧急状况，这正是这份工作的难处。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities.(因此我会尽力确保自己所供职的公司具备较高的道德标准，并且能为当地社区带来益处。)”可知，作者认为自己所供职的公司应当为当地社区带来实际好处。 【57题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ever since I was a young boy, I’ve had a taste for adventure(从我还是个小男孩的时候起，我就热爱冒险)”与最后一段中的“so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bring advantages to the local communities(因此我会尽力确保自己所供职的公司具备较高的道德标准，并且能为当地社区带来益处)”可知，作者主动选择了充满未知与挑战的远征医生职业，体现出强烈的冒险精神；同时坚持供职的公司需承担社会责任、惠及当地居民，体现出自身的责任意识。由此可推知，富有冒险精神且有责任心最符合对这位远征医生的描述。 C Many plants — one or more species of at least 68 different families — can produce sweet liquid even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (花外蜜腺) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures. These plants usually grow where ants are numerous, most in hot rainy areas but some in mild-temperature areas. Among those in northeastern North America are various plum, cherry, rose, hawthorn, poplar, and oak plants. Like flower nectar, this sweet liquid outside flowers is mostly water with much dissolved sugar and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids (氨基酸). We know the nectaries of some plants draw ants and other insects, but how these plants developed such structures is still unclear. Even so, most biologists think all these nectaries attract insects that will guard the plant. Ants are perhaps the most common and certainly the most steady defenders of plants. Since highly active worker ants need plenty of energy, plants meet this need by making sweet liquid outside flowers to supply ants with rich energy. To pay back this help, ants guard the nectary structures, driving away or killing harmful insects that may compete with ants for the sweet liquid. Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae (幼虫). Many of these harmful insects eat plant leaves. Biologists once believed that making this sweet liquid outside flowers only served the plant’s own body needs, and ants brought no good to these plants at all. This view and the opposite “protection” idea - that ants protect plants - were argued for more than one hundred years. In 1910, William Morton Wheeler, who doubted this “protection” idea, commented on the debate. He asked for evidence to support the protection view: ants’ visits protect plants; without ants, far more plants would die or fail to bloom and form seeds than when ants are present. We now have plenty of such facts. Barbara Bentley summed up related research in 1977, and more later studies and tests have further proved that ants do good to plants. One example shows how ants drawn by these nectaries protect morning glories (牵牛花) from harmful insects. The main insects that attack North American morning glories feed mostly on its flowers or fruits instead of its leaves. Grasshoppers that eat flowers stop pollination (授粉) and seed formation indirectly. They destroy the corolla (flower petals) or the stigma (the part that receives pollen). Without colorful petals, flowers cannot attract pollinators and cannot be fertilized. One adult grasshopper can eat a large petal circle, about 2.5 inches long, within an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetles reduce seed production directly. Caterpillars eat the ovaries (parts where seeds grow), and young seed beetles eat seeds while they dig inside developing fruits. Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepal attract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them are ants of different kinds. When buds are still tiny, less than a quarter of an inch long, these nectaries are already working and making sweet liquid. They keep working while flowers grow and fruits ripen. Observations strongly suggest that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from grasshoppers, caterpillars and seed beetles. Bentley compared seed production of six plants growing without ants with seventeen plants with ants around them. Plants without ant protection produced only 45 seeds each, while plants guarded by ants produced 211 seeds each. Ants are too small to kill or seriously hurt grasshoppers, but they bite grasshoppers’ feet and force them to leave. Seed beetles are easier to attack because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. Ants hunt adult beetles, disturb female beetles when they lay eggs on young fruits, and eat many of the eggs laid. 58. What can be inferred about the ants that are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries? A. They often fight with one another for the sweet liquid. B. They live almost only on this sweet liquid outside flowers. C. They spend most of their energy watching over the nectary structures. D. They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce this sweet liquid. 59. What role does paragraph 4 play in the passage? A. It explains how insects find sources of sweet liquid. B. It introduces the first study that proved ants help plants. C. It provides different kinds of evidence for the “protection” idea. D. It presents information that partly goes against the “protection” idea. 60. What did Bentley’s comparison study show? A. Far more plants grew in places with ants than in places without ants. B. The ants preferred plants with low seed output to those with high seed output. C. Plants growing without ants were much smaller and weaker than those with ants. D. Plants protected by ants produced far more seeds than plants without ant protection. 61. What is the best title for this passage? A. Sweet Rewards for Plant Defenders B. Tiny Guards for Vulnerable Plants C. Deadly Pests of Morning Glory D. Fierce Fights for Nectar Treasures 【答案】58. D 59. C 60. D 61. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了植物的花外蜜腺分泌蜜汁吸引蚂蚁，蚂蚁为植物驱避害虫，二者形成互利共生的保护关系。 【58题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Ants are perhaps the most common and certainly the most steady defenders of plants. Since highly active worker ants need plenty of energy, plants meet this need by making sweet liquid outside flowers to supply ants with rich energy. To pay back this help, ants guard the nectary structures, driving away or killing harmful insects that may compete with ants for the sweet liquid. Sometimes they capture the insects to feed their protein-hungry larvae (幼虫). Many of these harmful insects eat plant leaves.(蚂蚁或许是最常见的，也无疑是最稳定的植物保卫者。由于高度活跃的工蚁需要充足的能量，植物通过在花朵外部产生甜美的液体来满足这一需求，从而为蚂蚁提供丰富的能量。为了回报这种帮助，蚂蚁会守卫蜜腺结构，驱赶或杀死可能与蚂蚁争夺甜美液体的有害昆虫。有时它们会捕捉这些昆虫，用来喂养它们蛋白质饥饿的幼虫。许多这类有害昆虫会吃掉植物的叶子。)”可推知，蚂蚁会驱赶、杀死的是啃食植物叶片的有害昆虫，蚂蚁本身是作为植物的防卫者存在，以蜜汁为能量来源、捕猎其他害虫喂食幼虫，所以不会取食分泌该蜜汁的植物的叶片。 【59题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段提出的“protection”观点及“Barbara Bentley summed up related research in 1977, and more later studies and tests have further proved that ants do good to plants.(Barbara Bentley在1977年总结了相关研究，后来更多的研究和测试进一步证明了蚂蚁对植物有好处。)”可知，第三段确定了“蚂蚁保护植物”的“protection”观点是成立的。而第四段“One example shows how ants drawn by these nectaries protect morning glories (牵牛花) from harmful insects.(一个例子展示了这些蜜腺吸引的蚂蚁如何保护牵牛花免受有害昆虫的侵害。)”以牵牛花为例，详细介绍了三类会侵害牵牛花、影响其授粉和结种的害虫——啃食花冠/柱头的蚱蜢、直接啃食子房的毛虫、蛀食种子的种子甲虫，具体说明了这类植物面临的生存威胁，为后文第五段展开蚂蚁保护牵牛花的具体机制、Bentley的对照实验数据做铺垫，为“protection”观点提供各种各样的支撑证据。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bentley compared seed production of six plants growing without ants with seventeen plants with ants around them. Plants without ant protection produced only 45 seeds each, while plants guarded by ants produced 211 seeds each.(Bentley比较了六株没有蚂蚁的植物与十七株周围有蚂蚁的植物的种子产量。没有蚂蚁保护的植物每株仅产生45颗种子，而有蚂蚁守护的植物每株则产生211颗种子。)”可知，受蚂蚁保护的植物比没有蚂蚁保护的植物产出了多得多的种子。 【61题详解】 主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍了植物的花外蜜腺可以分泌含糖的甜液，接着引出生物界争论百年的“保护”观点——植物用花外蜜腺的甜液作为能量回报，吸引蚂蚁为自己驱赶、消灭危害植株的害虫，后续也用牵牛花的对照实验证实了蚂蚁的守护能大幅提升植物的产种量。整个故事的核心逻辑是植物以甜液作为报酬，换取蚂蚁为自己充当防御者的共生关系。 D The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Andersen’s best-known fables. Conmen (骗子) fool the emperor into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see. Courtiers (侍从) dare not say that the emperor is naked; it takes a child to point out the obvious. The moral is that people often stay silent for fear of looking foolish or out of line, even when they can see the plain truth. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts? In his new book Rebel Ideas: The Power of Diverse Thinking, Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is“cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds. People from different backgrounds approach problems from different angles — that much should be blindingly obvious. It is not just about selecting people for teams from both sexes and various ethnicities. Hire only Cambridge politics graduates or Harvard MBAs or Stanford software engineers and they will have studied under the same professors and absorbed similar world views regardless of their gender or skin colour. In the modern world, with all its complexity, cooperation is essential if breakthroughs are to be made. In science and engineering, 90% of papers are now written by teams rather than individuals. Analysis of American patent filings since 1975 showed teams dominate in every one of the 36 defined categories. There is another element to selecting a good team: ensuring that those viewpoints are heard and respected. That may not happen if those in charge are overbearing. A study of over 300 projects by the Rotterdam School of Management found that those led by junior managers were more likely to succeed than those led by senior managers — maybe because other team members were less scared about pointing out potential dangers to someone lower down the pecking order (权力等级). The ability to speak up within an organization, without fear of punishment, is known as“psychological safety”. Mr. Syed cites a study of teams at Google, which found that self-reported psychological safety was by far the most important factor behind successful teamwork at the technology giant. One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known. That way, opinions about thoughts are less closely tied to the seniority of the thinker and can be tested against each other with less fear or favour. 62. The author mentioned one of Andersen’s best-known fables to ______. A. prove children’s wisdom over adults B. blame team leaders for blind decisions C. reveal the risk of lacking different voices D. praise the value of honesty and bravery 63. What does the phrase“ploughed ahead”in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. continued bravely despite doubts B. paused to listen to different views C. cut down the cost of the projects D. worked out detailed plans in advance 64. According to the passage, which of the following makes an effective team? A. Employing graduates with excellent academic training. B. Appointing seniors with rich experience in team leading. C. Assembling a team of people from diverse backgrounds. D. Selecting members who are committed and loyal to the leader. 65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Different voices can contribute to the complexity of the world. B. With less information revealed, one is more ready to air his view. C. A team led by junior managers faces greater risks from pecking order. D. Unity, agreement and cooperation are necessary for team effectiveness. 【答案】62. C 63. A 64. C 65. B 【解析】 【导语】文章借《皇帝的新装》引出问题，论述团队需认知多样性与心理安全以应对问题。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “The moral is that people often stay silent for fear of looking foolish or out of line, even when they can see the plain truth.(这个寓言的寓意是，人们即便看清真相，也常因怕显得愚蠢或出格而保持沉默。)”可知，作者引用安徒生寓言，是为揭示缺少不同声音带来的风险。 【63题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 “The moral is that people often stay silent for fear of looking foolish or out of line, even when they can see the plain truth. How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive, even when other managers have had doubts?(这个寓言的寓意是，人们即便看清真相，也常因怕显得愚蠢或出格而保持沉默。有多少公司即便其他经理心存疑虑时，依然ploughed ahead总裁看好的高成本项目？)”可知，人们不敢说出反对意见。所以ploughed ahead指即便存在质疑，依旧继续推进。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “Matthew Syed argues that the key to dealing with this problem is“cognitive diversity”, in other words, assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.(马修·赛德认为解决该问题的关键是“认知多样性”，也就是组建拥有不同视角和知识背景的团队。)”可知，组建多元背景的成员才能构成高效团队。 【65题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “One way to overcome shyness while brainstorming, for instance, is for everyone to write down their ideas but ensure their names are never known.(例如，头脑风暴时克服怯于发言的一个办法是所有人写下想法，但保证匿名。)”可知，信息暴露越少，人们越愿意发表看法。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In our modern world, there are endless alternatives. Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another? ___66___ It is about finding out the opportunity cost. When you understand the concept, you have the power to measure every alternative with precision and make the right decision. In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option. ___67___ Every time you choose something, you give up other alternatives together with their financial benefits. It is not all the other options, but the most valued one that is defined as the opportunity cost. ___68___ Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes. You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time. ___69___ This is how you create priorities in your daily life. Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit. ___70___ Opportunity cost isn’t cut and dried. It varies from person to person. At the end of the day, you are in charge of what you own and what you want to gain. A. Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision. B. There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem. C. Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life. D. After all, putting a number to your peace of mind or happiness can be difficult. E. The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch. F. Most people overlook opportunity cost because the benefits are usually hidden from view. G. It is the development of important skills that would help you move forward in your daily life. 【答案】66. B 67. E 68. C 69. A 70. D 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍机会成本的含义、原理，举例说明它在生活中的运用，指出它难以量化的局限，帮助人们理性做选择。 【66题详解】 由上文“Have you ever found yourself wondering whether you should quit or stay in your job, accept an offer or give it up for another?(你是否曾经纠结该辞职还是继续工作、接受一份邀约还是放弃去等另一个？)”可知，上文提出人们常会面临选择难题，空格应引出解决办法，而B项“There is a simple and practical method that solves this problem.(有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”符合此处语境，其中this problem指代上文的选择困境，有承上作用。 【67题详解】 由上文“In the field of economics, opportunity cost is the value that you have to give up when you choose an option over another good option.(在经济学领域，机会成本是指当你选择一个方案而放弃另一个优质方案时，你必须舍弃的价值。)”可知，上文给出机会成本的经济学定义，空格应阐释其核心原理，而E项“The key principle underlying the idea is that there is no such thing as free lunch.(这个概念背后的核心原则是天下没有免费的午餐。)”符合此处语境，承接定义，解释内涵。 【68题详解】 由后文“Take the simple example of trying to decide whether to take public transportation for 80 minutes or to drive for 40 minutes.(举一个简单例子：纠结是乘坐80分钟公共交通，还是开车40分钟。)”可知，后文用生活实例说明机会成本，空格总起，应说明机会成本也适用于日常生活，而C项“Opportunity cost matters not only in economics but also in real life.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)”符合此处语境，起到总领下文的作用。 【69题详解】 由上文“You might save on the cost of gas while riding the bus but double the trip length and miss out on other things you could have done during that time.(坐公交你可以省下油费，但行程时间翻倍，错失这段时间本可以做的其他事。)”可知，上文举例对比利弊，空格应总结权衡得失做决定，而A项“Weigh the losses and gains, and make your decision.(权衡得失，做出你的决定。)”符合此处语境，承接例子，引出下文设定优先级。 【70题详解】 由上文“Though useful in decision making, the biggest drawback of opportunity cost is that it’s often related to what’s hard to quantify. This is especially true when the opportunity cost is of non-financial benefit.(虽然机会成本对决策有用，但它最大的缺点是常常和难以量化的事物相关，当机会成本是非金钱收益时尤其如此。)”可知，上文说非金钱收益难以量化，空格应解释原因，而D项“After all, putting a number to your peace of mind or happiness can be difficult.(毕竟，很难给内心的安宁或是幸福标上数字。)”符合此处语境，进一步解释难以量化的原因。 第三部分 书面表达（共15分） 71. Some people believe that it is better to live a short yet shining life of great achievements, while others argue that a long, peaceful ordinary life is more valuable. Write a for and against essay on the topic. Discuss both views and share your idea. 注意：字数不少于100词。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Short Shining Life or a Long Peaceful Life People have different ideas about what makes a life valuable. Some think a short but shining life with great achievements is better, while others favour a long, peaceful ordinary life. For those who support a shining life, the meaning of life is to create something valuable. Even if life is short, great achievements can leave a lasting influence and inspire many people. They believe it is a pity to waste time without trying to realize one’s dreams. On the other hand, people who prefer ordinary life treasure simple happiness. Staying with family and enjoying quiet daily moments bring them true joy. Chasing big goals may cause heavy stress and damage one’s health. As for me, I think we can try our best to achieve small goals and keep a peaceful mind. We do not need to choose one extreme. 【解析】 【导语】本篇为正反对比议论文，要求讨论两种不同人生价值观，分别陈述双方理由并表达个人看法。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 支持：support → advocate 成就：achievement → accomplishment 压力：stress → pressure 快乐：happiness →pleasure 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Chasing big goals may cause heavy stress and damage one’s health. 拓展句：People who chase big goals may suffer heavy stress and damage their health. 【点睛】【高分句型1】People have different ideas about what makes a life valuable.（what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】On the other hand, people who prefer ordinary life treasure simple happiness.（who引导的定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $