Unit 3名校单元主题阅读理解 2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

人教版英语8年级上册Unit3名校单元主题阅读理解（解析版） 阅读理解 Some people say that “Birds of a feather flock together (物以类聚)”. But others believe that “Opposites attract (异性相吸)”. The similar idea means that we are attracted to people like ourselves because we share the same thoughts, the same interests and the same talents. The opposite idea suggests that people are attracted to others who are really different. Sometimes we are attracted to other people because they have qualities that we don’t have. A friendship has a greater chance to last long when friends are similar. It makes no difference if they have different likes and dislikes about food, movies or music. ________ But it is much harder for a friendship to move on when there are differences in ideas about serious subjects such as cultural (文化的) differences. We feel much safer when being with people who like what we like. These people are really telling us that we are right to like that thing. For example, after finishing a test, we would like to be with people who have the same answers as ours. Next time you do a test, see if you like talking to other people who give the same answers as yours! 1．Why are we attracted to people like ourselves? A．Because we have many things in common. B．Because we always have our own thoughts. C．Because the saying “Opposites attract” is not right. D．Because we both like to share our interests with others. 2．What does the underlined word “suggests” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．shows B．dislikes C．makes D．decides 3．Which of the following can be put into “________” in Paragraph 3? A．In fact, it would be very boring if everyone had the same ideas. B．It’s always better to have the same interests as your friends. C．If friends disagree on everything, their friendship will surely end. D．Every little thing in common helps make a strong friendship. 4．How does the writer support (支持) his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By giving numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By using some sayings. D．By telling a story. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How a Friendship Lasts Long B．The Importance of Friendship C．Friends: Similar or Different? D．What Kind of Friends Do You Want? 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章探讨了关于友谊的两种观点“物以类聚”与“异性相吸”，分析了朋友间相似性与差异性对友谊持久性及安全感的影响，核心结论是相似性有助于友谊长久，但在非原则性问题上差异也可接受。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The similar idea means that we are attracted to people like ourselves because we share the same thoughts, the same interests and the same talents.”可知，我们被相似的人吸引是因为我们拥有相同的想法、兴趣和才能，即有很多共同点。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The opposite idea suggests that people are attracted to others who are really different.”可知，本句表达这个相反的观点表明人们会被和自己完全不同的人吸引，“suggests”在此处意为“表明、显示”。 3．推理判断题。第三段横线前“A friendship has a greater chance to last long when friends are similar. It makes no difference if they have different likes and dislikes about food, movies or music.”，第三段横线后“But it is much harder for a friendship to move on when there are differences in ideas about serious subjects such as cultural differences.”。“But”表示转折，前文说明朋友相似时友谊更容易长久，在饮食、电影、音乐这类小事上喜好不同没有关系；后文转到严肃议题上观念有分歧会不利于友谊维持。横线句子需要承接这个逻辑，补充说明“完全一模一样也并非好事”。“In fact, it would be very boring if everyone had the same ideas.”放在此处，语义过渡自然。 4．篇章结构题。根据第四段“For example, after finishing a test, we would like to be with people who have the same answers as ours.”可知，“For example”说明作者是通过举例子来论证观点。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章开篇引出“物以类聚”和“异性相吸”两种说法，随后分段讨论了朋友间相似与不同对友谊的影响，核心探讨对象是朋友间的相似性与差异性。 One day, Tom came to his teacher and asked, “Sir, I have a question. How many friends should a person have—one or many?” “It is very simple,” the teacher answered. “Get me that red apple from the highest branch (树枝) of the tree.” Tom looked up and said, “It’s too high! I can’t reach it.” “Ask a friend. Maybe he can help,” the teacher suggested. Tom asked another student to help and stood on his shoulders to reach the branch. “I still can’t reach it, Sir,” Tom said sadly after the first try. “Don’t you have more friends?” the teacher smiled. Tom asked more friends to come over. They stood on each other’s shoulders, trying to make a human pyramid (金字塔). But Tom still couldn’t reach the apple. Then one of the friends brought a ladder (梯子) and Tom finally did it. After getting the apple, the teacher asked, “So, do you understand how many friends a person needs?” “Yes, I do,” Tom said. “Many, so together we can work out any problem.” “Sounds good,” the teacher said. “You need many friends. Among them, there will be at least one smart person who can think of a good idea, like getting a ladder!” 6．What did the teacher ask Tom to do at first? A．To pick the red apple for him. B．To find the answer in books. C．To do his homework. D．To work with his friends. 7．Why couldn’t Tom reach the apple at first? A．Because the apple was on the highest branch. B．Because the tree was too old. C．Because he didn’t want to try. D．Because the teacher didn’t allow him to do that. 8．What can Tom learn about friends from this experience of picking the apple? A．Friends are only useful when they are smart. B．Having many friends makes it easier to solve problems. C．We should always solve the problems by ourselves. D．Being friendly to all people is important, not just friends. 9．How did the teacher answer Tom’s question? A．By telling him a story about apples. B．By simply telling him the answer. C．By asking him to learn by doing. D．By drawing an apple tree. 10．If you face a problem, what might this story advise you to do? A．Try to solve it alone first. B．Give up if it’s too hard. C．Look for a ladder or a tool. D．Ask different people for help. 【答案】6．A 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Tom向老师请教朋友数量的问题，老师通过让Tom摘苹果的任务，使他明白拥有许多朋友能共同解决问题且其中会有聪明人出主意的道理。 【详解】6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Get me that red apple from the highest branch of the tree.”可知，老师最初的要求是让Tom为他摘那个红苹果。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“highest branch”及第三段“It’s too high! I can’t reach it.”可知，苹果位于最高树枝上，位置太高导致Tom最初无法够到。 8．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Many, so together we can work out any problem.”可知，Tom学到拥有许多朋友使解决问题更容易。 9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It is very simple...Get me that red apple...”及后续实践过程可知，老师是通过让Tom亲身实践来回答问题，而非直接告知。 10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Among them, there will be at least one smart person who can think of a good idea...”可知，故事建议遇到问题时寻求不同人的帮助，可能会有人想出好主意。 S, M, P and C stand for different people who have different personalities. S people are the most popular at the party. They are friendly, energetic and humorous. They are interested in anything new and exciting and others always have fun with them. At the same time, they are careless and forgetful. M people are very careful and do everything as planned. They always want to find fault and never feel pleased with anything around them. They are strict with themselves, as well as with others. M people are real friends. If they make friends with you, it means that they will be your friends for life. They will try their best to do anything for their friends at any time. P people can easily be satisfied. They are peaceful and calm. But being peaceful and calm makes them very dull (迟钝的). They are always bystanders. P people are good listeners and are always ready to accept others’ opinions. C people are leaders and workaholics (工作狂). They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks. However, they don’t care about others’ opinions and seldom think of others. They want others to follow them, but they hate waiting for others. There are no good or bad personalities. Every personality has two sides. If someone knows himself well, tries to improve the positive things and tries to throw away the negative ones, he will have a better life. 阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。 11．According to the passage, we can know that S people are ________. A．quiet B．serious C．outgoing D．lazy 12．If M people make friends with you, what will they do? A．They will always have fun with you. B．They will try their best to do anything for you at any time. C．They will not care about your opinions and seldom think of you. D．They will be good listeners and always ready to accept your opinions. 13．Which of the following is TRUE about P people? A．They are friendly, energetic and humorous. B．They are peaceful and calm. C．They are careless and forgetful. D．They are careful, and do everything as planned. 14．Who are brave? A．C people. B．P people. C．S people. D．M people. 15．Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．Different people have different personalities. B．Every person has only one personality. C．P people are always bystanders. D．If we know ourselves well, we’ll have a better life. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了S、M、P、C四种不同性格类型的人的特点，并指出每种性格都有两面性，了解自己、发扬积极面、摒弃消极面才能拥有更好的生活。 【详解】11．细节理解题。文章第一句指出“S people are the most popular at the party. They are friendly, energetic and humorous.”，直接说明S型人外向、友好、充满活力且幽默。 12．细节理解题。文章指出“If they make friends with you, it means that they will be your friends for life. They will try their best to do anything for their friends at any time.”，直接说明M型人如果和你交朋友，会随时尽力为你做任何事。 13．细节理解题。文章指出“P people can easily be satisfied. They are peaceful and calm.”，直接说明P型人平和冷静。 14．细节理解题。文章指出“C people are leaders and workaholics. They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks.”，直接说明C型人勇敢。 15．细节理解题。文章第一段介绍了四种不同性格的人，第二段指出“Every personality has two sides”，说明每种性格都有两面性，并未提到“每个人只有一种性格”，直接说明B项未被提及。 One day in June, I pulled a large box down from the attic (阁楼). There were many letters inside. They were from my friend, Stephen. Our friendship started nearly 60 years ago. We started writing to each other when we were in middle school. To memorize the past better, we decided to change all those letters into something more meaningful (有意义的). One Sunday morning last autumn, we met at my house. We read all the letters. Before Stephen arrived, I carefully decorated my house. I played our favourite song. Like actors in a play, we took turns to read our words. The letters reminded us that we called each other “sweetest cake”. That day, we went through two years in eight hours. We talked about famous singers and hobbies a lot when we studied at the university. Stephen and I supported (支持) each other with letters. We shared our family activities, our early jobs and our problems. There were phones, but they were too expensive for us, so we kept writing. As time went on, the letters became more and more numerous. Now, the letters stay in a beautiful box in my study. Stephen and I are going to read them again in ten years. We also wrote new notes and put them in the box. We will read them then. 16．What does the underlined word “memorize” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Use. B．Remember. C．Finish. D．Prepare. 17．Why did they meet last autumn? A．To act plays. B．To read letters. C．To sing songs. D．To solve problems. 18．What did they share about when they studied at the university? A．Famous singers and hobbies. B．School rules and teachers. C．Early jobs and problems. D．Family activities and hobbies. 19．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The writer and Stephen are both 60 years old now. B．The writer and Stephen have babies in the same year. C．The writer shared everything with Stephen in the letters. D．The writer and Stephen will meet again ten years later. 20．What may be the best title for the passage? A．Our Favourite Song. B．The Meaningful Past. C．A True Friendship. D．A Future Life. 【答案】16．B 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文讲述了作者与朋友Stephen跨越60年的友谊，通过重读旧信件回忆过去，并约定十年后再读的故事。 【详解】16．词句猜测题。根据第二段“To memorize the past better, we decided to change all those letters into something more meaningful”及第二段语境，二人相识近60年，决定将往来的信件转化为更有意义的事物，目的是更好地铭记过往，memorize意为“记住”。 17．细节理解题。根据第三段“One Sunday morning last autumn, we met at my house. We read all the letters.”可知，他们去年秋天见面的目的是阅读信件。 18．细节理解题。根据第四段“We talked about famous singers and hobbies a lot when we studied at the university.”可知，大学期间他们分享的是著名歌手和爱好。 19．推理判断题。根据第六段“Stephen and I are going to read them again in ten years... We will read them then.”可知，他们计划十年后再次一起阅读，意味着届时会再次见面。 20．最佳标题题。全文围绕作者与朋友之间的旧信件展开，讲述了信件承载的友谊与回忆，全文核心是二人长久、真挚的友谊，“A True Friendship”最能概括文章核心。 Lily and Anna are best friends. They both like reading. They look alike, but they are also different from each other in many ways. For example, Anna does better in maths than Lily. She is always ready to help Lily with maths. Lily always tries new things while Anna doesn’t. One day, Lily had a new haircut (发型) —a bob cut (波波头). It was short and cute. The hair was around the head. Anna, with her long curly (卷的) hair, said, “Lily, I like your haircut!” Lily was excited. She got a fun idea. She wanted Anna to cut the same haircut, so they would be closer. The next morning, they showed their new haircuts in front of the class. They laughed and hugged like sisters. But at lunch, Lily saw Anna touch her hair again and again. Anna used to sing loudly, but that day she was quiet. “Are you OK?” Lily asked. “I miss my curly hair. It moved when I laughed. Now I feel like a copy (复印件),” Anna said. Lily realized their friendship didn’t mean they should be exactly the same. “I’m sorry,” she said. “Your curly hair is special. It makes you special, Anna! We’re different, but both cool!” Several months later, Anna’s curly hair came back. Lily kept her bob hair. They looked at themselves in a window, feeling pleased. “You’re my brave (勇敢的) friend!” “You’re my maths star!” Holding hands, they walked away. The two best friends loved their differences. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．What do Lily and Anna have in common? A．They both like changes. B．They both do well in maths. C．They both love music. D．They both like reading. 22．Which of the following shows Anna’s new hair? A． B． C． D． 23．Why did Lily want Anna to cut her hair short? A．Because Lily wanted them to be closer. B．Because Anna wanted to try a new haircut like Lily. C．Because Anna would look better with short hair. D．Because Lily wanted them to be the most special in class. 24．How did Lily’s feelings change? a．Pleased.    b．Sorry.    c．Excited. A．c-a-b B．c-b-a C．b-c-a D．b-a-c 25．What can we learn from the text? A．New hair means new friends. B．More hair means more friends. C．Hair changes but friendship stays. D．Hair stays but friendship changes. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了好朋友莉莉和安娜虽有诸多不同但情谊深厚。莉莉剪了波波头后劝安娜也剪了同款，安娜却因此闷闷不乐，莉莉意识到友谊不意味着两人要完全相同。后来安娜的卷发重新长回，二人都接纳并喜爱彼此的差异，友情愈发真挚。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“They both like reading.”可知，莉莉和安娜的共同点是都喜欢阅读。 22．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Lily had a new haircut—a bob cut. It was short and cute. The hair was around the head.”和“She wanted Anna to cut the same haircut”可知，安娜的新发型是短款波波头，与图片3的形象相符。 23．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“She wanted Anna to cut the same haircut, so they would be closer.”可知，莉莉想让安娜剪短发是希望两人能更亲近。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Lily was excited.”、第4段“‘I’m sorry,’ she said.”、第5段“feeling pleased.”可知，莉莉的情绪变化顺序为兴奋、抱歉、开心，对应c-b-a。 25．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The two best friends loved their differences.”以及全文围绕两人发型变化、友情始终深厚的内容可推知，文章传递的核心内涵是发型会改变，但友谊会长存。 At the beginning of this term, our class got a new student, Daniel. He came from a small village in the mountains, and everything in our school was new to him. Daniel was different from most of us. He didn’t have a phone, and he knew nothing about the computer games we talked about after class. Some of my classmates thought he was strange, so they didn’t talk to him. I didn’t say anything, either. One rainy afternoon, I stayed in the classroom because I couldn’t go home. Daniel was there, too. He took out a small notebook and began to draw. I looked at it and was surprised: he was drawing the whole school—every tree, every window, and even the birds on the roof. His pictures were better than anything I could draw. “Can you show me how to draw like that?” I asked. “Sure,” he said with a smile. “But you have to be patient. It took me three years.” From that day on, Daniel and I often sat together after class. I taught him to use the computer, and he taught me to look at the world more carefully. I found that Daniel was not strange at all—he was just different. Now I understand: people are like different colours in a picture. Alone, each colour is nothing special. Together, they make something beautiful. 26．Why didn’t some classmates talk to Daniel at first? A．He was too shy to speak. B．He came from a village and seemed different. C．He was not friendly to others. D．He did not like playing computer games. 27．What did the writer find out about Daniel one rainy afternoon? A．He could sing very well. B．He could draw very well. C．He was good at computer games. D．He knew a lot about the birds. 28．What did the writer do for Daniel? A．He taught Daniel to use the computer. B．He gave Daniel a new notebook. C．He helped Daniel with his homework. D．He showed Daniel around the school. 29．What does the writer mean by “people are like different colours in a picture”? A．Everyone should learn to draw pictures. B．Different people make life more beautiful. C．We should try to be the same as others. D．A picture needs only one colour. 30．What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Colours, One Picture B．A New Classmate from the Mountains C．How to Draw the Whole School D．Three Years with a Notebook 【答案】26．B 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与新同学Daniel从陌生到成为朋友的故事，核心在于通过Daniel的绘画特长和两人的互助，揭示了每个人都是独特的，共同构成美好生活的道理。 【详解】26．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Daniel was different from most of us... Some of my classmates thought he was strange, so they didn’t talk to him.”可知，同学们因为觉得他来自山村且与众不同，所以起初不跟他说话。 27．细节理解题。根据文章第3段“He took out a small notebook and began to draw... His pictures were better than anything I could draw.”可知，作者在一个雨天的下午发现Daniel画画非常好。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第6段“I taught him to use the computer, and he taught me to look at the world more carefully.”可知，作者为Daniel做的事情是教他使用电脑。 29．词句猜测题。根据文章第7段“Together, they make something beautiful.”可知，这句话意味着不同的人在一起让生活更美好，体现了多样性的价值。 30．最佳标题题。根据文章第7段“people are like different colours in a picture... Together, they make something beautiful.”可知，文章主旨是关于不同个体共同构成美好画面，A选项“Different Colours, One Picture”适合作标题。 Knowing yourself is very important. Some students are talking about their personalities. Are they the same as you? Be a good listener I care about people’s ideas and feelings. I listen to others carefully and don’t stop them talking. I look at people’s eyes when I’m talking with them.        —Sally Be helpful Sam missed many classes because he was in hospital for weeks. After he returned to school, I helped him with schoolwork. Surprisingly, he got good grades in the final exams.    —Lisa Be outgoing I am an outgoing person, so I like to make lots of friends. And I don’t care if my friends are the same as me or different from me.        —Jason Be hard-working I’m a student in Grade 8 now. I become more hard-working than before, so I often get good grades in English tests. I always believe that the harder I work, the luckier I am.    —David 31．What does Sally do when she is talking with others? A．She stops others if she disagrees. B．She looks at people’s eyes. C．She talks about her own stories. D．She plays with her phone. 32．Who most likely believes that success comes from hard work? A．Lisa. B．Sally. C．Jason. D．David. 33．Why did Sam miss many classes? A．Because he didn’t like his lessons. B．Because he stayed in hospital for weeks. C．Because he had to look after his family. D．Because he went on a trip. 34．What can we know about Jason? A．He only makes friends who are like him. B．He likes to make many friends. C．He is good at listening to others. D．He often helps others with their schoolwork. 35．This text is most probably from ________. A．an art magazine B．a sports newspaper C．a health report D．a school magazine 【答案】31．B 32．D 33．B 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过Sally、Lisa、Jason 和David四位学生的自述，分别介绍了善于倾听、乐于助人、外向开朗和勤奋努力四种个人品质。 【详解】31．细节理解题。根据Sally部分“I look at people’s eyes when I’m talking with them.”可推知Sally与人交谈时注视对方眼睛。 32．细节理解题。根据David部分“I always believe that the harder I work, the luckier I am.”可推知David相信努力带来成功。 33．细节理解题。根据Lisa部分“Sam missed many classes because he was in hospital for weeks.”可推知Sam缺课是因为住院。 34．细节理解题。根据Jason部分“I am an outgoing person, so I like to make lots of friends.”可推知Jason喜欢交很多朋友。 35．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Some students are talking about their personalities”及文中“schoolwork”、“grades”等校园词汇可推知文章出自校园杂志。 Do you have any good friends? Do you know what friendship is? Let’s learn something about friends and friendships together. How to be a good friend? Being a good listener makes your friends feel they are important. Find out your friends’ good points (优点) and tell them openly. It will help your friends become more confident. As you grow, your hobbies may become different from those of your friends, and you may have new friends. But you should not forget your old friends. Why are friendships important? Friends can help you stay away from loneliness (孤独). And making friends from different places helps you to learn about different cultures. How to solve problems between your friends and you? It is important for you and your friends to work out a problem together and talk about your feelings. If both of you are angry, it may be better to talk about the problem when both of you are calm (冷静的). 36．How can people be good friends according to the text? ①By having similar hobbies. ②By listening to friends carefully. ③By finding out friends’ good points. ④By working together with friends all the time. A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 37．What does the underlined word “confident” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Being honest with others. B．Being lucky to finish something. C．Feeling sure about your own ability. D．Feeling happy to do something. 38．How many benefits (益处) can friendships bring to us? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 39．If your friend is very angry, what should you do? A．Tell him or her your feelings. B．Ask others for help. C．Point out his or her problems right away. D．Talk with him or her when both of you are calm. 40．What’s the structure of the text? (P₁= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“朋友与友谊”展开介绍，分别说明了成为好朋友的方法、友谊的重要意义、解决朋友间矛盾的方式，帮助读者了解友谊相关知识。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Being a good listener makes your friends feel they are important. Find out your friends’ good points and tell them openly.”可知，做认真的倾听者、找出朋友的优点并坦诚告知，是成为好朋友的正确做法，对应题干中的②③。 37．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Find out your friends’ good points, and tell them openly. It will help your friends become more confident.”可知，发现朋友的优点并坦诚说出来，这件事可以帮助朋友变得更加自信。因此confident含义为“自信的”，也就是对自身能力有把握。 38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Friends can help you stay away from loneliness. And making friends from different places helps you to learn about different cultures.”可知，友谊能带来两个益处：帮助人们远离孤独、帮助人们了解不同文化。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If both of you are angry, it may be better to talk about the problem when both of you are calm.”可知，如果朋友很生气，应该等双方都冷静的时候再和对方谈论问题。 40．篇章结构题。文章第一段总起，引出“朋友与友谊”的话题，点明要共同学习相关内容；第二、三、四段分别从“如何成为好朋友”、“友谊的重要性”、“如何解决朋友间的问题”三个角度并列展开介绍，属于总分结构，对应选项A的结构图示。 In Chinese history, there was a time called the Three Kingdoms. It was a period of war (战争). From this difficult time, a famous story of friendship took place. The main characters were Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei. Liu Bei was a kind man who wanted to bring peace to the land. One day, he met two brave men. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. They shared the same dream. In a beautiful peach garden, they promised to be brothers. They decided to help each other through all difficulties, and to protect each other even until death. This was the famous “Oath of the Peach Garden (桃园三结义)”. Their promise was not just words. The enemy once kept Guan Yu and offered him many benefits to leave Liu Bei, but he refused. He remained faithful (忠诚的) and finally returned to his brothers. Zhang Fei, known for his hot temper, was always faithful to Liu Bei. He used his great strength (力量、力气) to fight in many wars. Liu Bei also treated his brothers with great love and respect. He thought of them as his true family. Their friendship made them powerful and helped them build their kingdom, Shu Han. The story of Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei teaches us a valuable lesson. True friendship is about faithfulness, help, and working together for a common goal. 41．What did the three men want to bring to the land? A．Peace. B．New laws. C．More food. D．Bigger cities. 42．Where did Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei make their promise? A．In a bamboo forest. B．In a peach garden. C．In a king’s mountain. D．In a small house. 43．What did Guan Yu do when the enemy asked him to leave Liu Bei? A．He agreed at once. B．He said he would think. C．He asked for more money. D．He refused and stayed faithful. 44．Which kingdom did the brothers build together? A．Jin. B．Wei. C．Wu. D．Shu Han. 45．What can we learn from the story? A．Friends should live together. B．Friends should be the same age. C．Friends should give each other presents. D．Friends should be faithful and help each other. 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．D 44．D 45．D 【导语】本文讲述了三国时期刘备、关羽和张飞桃园结义的故事，核心对象是三位主角的友谊，核心结论是真正的友谊关乎忠诚、互助和共同目标，行文探讨了结义过程、忠诚表现及建立的王国。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Liu Bei was a kind man who wanted to bring peace to the land ... They shared the same dream.”可知，三人共同的理想是为这片土地带来和平。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a beautiful peach garden, they promised to be brothers.”可知，他们承诺结义的地方是桃园。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The enemy once kept Guan Yu and offered him many benefits to leave Liu Bei, but he refused. He remained faithful (忠诚的) and finally returned to his brothers.”可知，关羽拒绝了敌方的拉拢，始终保持忠诚。 44．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their friendship made them powerful and helped them build their kingdom, Shu Han.”可知，三人共同建立的政权是蜀汉。 45．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“True friendship is about faithfulness, help, and working together for a common goal.”可知，故事传达的教训是朋友间应忠诚互助。 S, M, P and C stand for different people who have different personalities. S people are the most popular at the party. They are friendly, energetic and humorous. They are interested in anything new and exciting and others always have fun with them. At the same time, they are careless and forgetful. M people are very careful and do everything as planned. They always want to find faults and never feel pleased with anything around them. They are strict with themselves, as well as with others. M people are real friends. If they make friends with you, it means that they will be your friends for life. They will do anything for their friends at any time. P people can easily be satisfied. They are peaceful and calm. But being peaceful and calm makes them very dull (迟钝的). They are always bystanders. P people are good listeners and are always ready to accept others’ opinions. C people are leaders and workaholics (工作狂). They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks. However, they don’t care about others’ opinions and seldom think of others. They want others to follow them, but they hate waiting for others. There are no good or bad personalities. Every personality has two sides. If someone knows himself well, tries to improve the positive things and tries to throw away the negative ones, he will have a better life. 46．According to the passage, we can know that S people are ______. A．quiet B．serious C．outgoing D．lazy 47．What does the underlined word “faults” mean in Chinese? A．缺点 B．快乐 C．麻烦 D．优点 48．Which of the following is TRUE about P people? A．They are friendly, energetic and humorous. B．They are peaceful and calm. C．They are brave and are never afraid of anything. D．They are careful, and do everything as planned. 49．Who are brave? A．C people. B．P people. C．S people. D．M people. 50．Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．Different people have different personalities. B．C people play the most important role in the modern world. C．P people are always bystanders. D．If we know ourselves well, we’ll have a better life. 【答案】46．C 47．A 48．B 49．A 50．B 【导语】本文介绍了四种不同性格的人：S型、M型、P型和C型，包括他们的特点、优缺点，并指出了解自己的性格可以帮助我们过上更好的生活。 【详解】46．细节理解题。根据文中“S people are the most popular at the party. They are friendly, energetic and humorous.”可知，S型人性格外向、受欢迎。故选C。 47．词句猜测题。根据“They always want to find faults and never feel pleased with anything around them. They are strict with themselves, as well as with others.”可知，M类型的人对自己和他人都很严格，所以他们总是喜欢发现缺点。故选A。 48．细节理解题。根据文中“P people can easily be satisfied. They are peaceful and calm.”可知，P型人平和、冷静。故选B。 49．细节理解题。根据文中“C people are leaders and workaholics. They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks.”可知，C型人勇敢。故选A。 50．细节理解题。根据“S, M, P and C stand for different people who have different personalities.”和“They are always bystanders.”以及“If someone knows himself well, tries to improve the positive things and tries to throw away the negative ones, he will have a better life.”可知不同的人有着不同的性格；P类性格的人总是充当旁观者；如果我们足够了解自己，就会拥有更美好的生活。因此选项A、C、D文中都有提及，故选B。 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版英语8年级上册Unit3名校单元主题阅读理解（原卷版） 人教版英语 8 年级上册 Unit3 名校单元主题阅读理解，紧扣 "朋友与友谊" 单元话题，精选名校单元真题。选材涵盖相似与互补型友情、朋友数量、性格类型分类（S/M/P/C）、书信维系的深厚友情、外貌差异与真友谊、乡村转学生的融入故事、性格自述与交友方法、三国桃园结义的经典故事等多元语篇。专项训练细节理解、词义猜测（suggests/memorize/confident 等）、推理判断、人物情感变化、篇章结构与主旨标题归纳能力，重点落实比较级、性格与友谊类核心词汇，引导学生在真实语境中理解友谊的真谛，适合单元巩固、当堂检测与阶段测评。 阅读理解 （一） Some people say that “Birds of a feather flock together (物以类聚)”. But others believe that “Opposites attract (异性相吸)”. The similar idea means that we are attracted to people like ourselves because we share the same thoughts, the same interests and the same talents. The opposite idea suggests that people are attracted to others who are really different. Sometimes we are attracted to other people because they have qualities that we don’t have. A friendship has a greater chance to last long when friends are similar. It makes no difference if they have different likes and dislikes about food, movies or music. ________ But it is much harder for a friendship to move on when there are differences in ideas about serious subjects such as cultural (文化的) differences. We feel much safer when being with people who like what we like. These people are really telling us that we are right to like that thing. For example, after finishing a test, we would like to be with people who have the same answers as ours. Next time you do a test, see if you like talking to other people who give the same answers as yours! 1．Why are we attracted to people like ourselves? A．Because we have many things in common. B．Because we always have our own thoughts. C．Because the saying “Opposites attract” is not right. D．Because we both like to share our interests with others. 2．What does the underlined word “suggests” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．shows B．dislikes C．makes D．decides 3．Which of the following can be put into “________” in Paragraph 3? A．In fact, it would be very boring if everyone had the same ideas. B．It’s always better to have the same interests as your friends. C．If friends disagree on everything, their friendship will surely end. D．Every little thing in common helps make a strong friendship. 4．How does the writer support (支持) his idea in Paragraph 4? A．By giving numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By using some sayings. D．By telling a story. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．How a Friendship Lasts Long B．The Importance of Friendship C．Friends: Similar or Different? D．What Kind of Friends Do You Want? （二） One day, Tom came to his teacher and asked, “Sir, I have a question. How many friends should a person have—one or many?” “It is very simple,” the teacher answered. “Get me that red apple from the highest branch (树枝) of the tree.” Tom looked up and said, “It’s too high! I can’t reach it.” “Ask a friend. Maybe he can help,” the teacher suggested. Tom asked another student to help and stood on his shoulders to reach the branch. “I still can’t reach it, Sir,” Tom said sadly after the first try. “Don’t you have more friends?” the teacher smiled. Tom asked more friends to come over. They stood on each other’s shoulders, trying to make a human pyramid (金字塔). But Tom still couldn’t reach the apple. Then one of the friends brought a ladder (梯子) and Tom finally did it. After getting the apple, the teacher asked, “So, do you understand how many friends a person needs?” “Yes, I do,” Tom said. “Many, so together we can work out any problem.” “Sounds good,” the teacher said. “You need many friends. Among them, there will be at least one smart person who can think of a good idea, like getting a ladder!” 6．What did the teacher ask Tom to do at first? A．To pick the red apple for him. B．To find the answer in books. C．To do his homework. D．To work with his friends. 7．Why couldn’t Tom reach the apple at first? A．Because the apple was on the highest branch. B．Because the tree was too old. C．Because he didn’t want to try. D．Because the teacher didn’t allow him to do that. 8．What can Tom learn about friends from this experience of picking the apple? A．Friends are only useful when they are smart. B．Having many friends makes it easier to solve problems. C．We should always solve the problems by ourselves. D．Being friendly to all people is important, not just friends. 9．How did the teacher answer Tom’s question? A．By telling him a story about apples. B．By simply telling him the answer. C．By asking him to learn by doing. D．By drawing an apple tree. 10．If you face a problem, what might this story advise you to do? A．Try to solve it alone first. B．Give up if it’s too hard. C．Look for a ladder or a tool. D．Ask different people for help. （三） S, M, P and C stand for different people who have different personalities. S people are the most popular at the party. They are friendly, energetic and humorous. They are interested in anything new and exciting and others always have fun with them. At the same time, they are careless and forgetful. M people are very careful and do everything as planned. They always want to find fault and never feel pleased with anything around them. They are strict with themselves, as well as with others. M people are real friends. If they make friends with you, it means that they will be your friends for life. They will try their best to do anything for their friends at any time. P people can easily be satisfied. They are peaceful and calm. But being peaceful and calm makes them very dull (迟钝的). They are always bystanders. P people are good listeners and are always ready to accept others’ opinions. C people are leaders and workaholics (工作狂). They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks. However, they don’t care about others’ opinions and seldom think of others. They want others to follow them, but they hate waiting for others. There are no good or bad personalities. Every personality has two sides. If someone knows himself well, tries to improve the positive things and tries to throw away the negative ones, he will have a better life. 阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。 11．According to the passage, we can know that S people are ________. A．quiet B．serious C．outgoing D．lazy 12．If M people make friends with you, what will they do? A．They will always have fun with you. B．They will try their best to do anything for you at any time. C．They will not care about your opinions and seldom think of you. D．They will be good listeners and always ready to accept your opinions. 13．Which of the following is TRUE about P people? A．They are friendly, energetic and humorous. B．They are peaceful and calm. C．They are careless and forgetful. D．They are careful, and do everything as planned. 14．Who are brave? A．C people. B．P people. C．S people. D．M people. 15．Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．Different people have different personalities. B．Every person has only one personality. C．P people are always bystanders. D．If we know ourselves well, we’ll have a better life. （四） One day in June, I pulled a large box down from the attic (阁楼). There were many letters inside. They were from my friend, Stephen. Our friendship started nearly 60 years ago. We started writing to each other when we were in middle school. To memorize the past better, we decided to change all those letters into something more meaningful (有意义的). One Sunday morning last autumn, we met at my house. We read all the letters. Before Stephen arrived, I carefully decorated my house. I played our favourite song. Like actors in a play, we took turns to read our words. The letters reminded us that we called each other “sweetest cake”. That day, we went through two years in eight hours. We talked about famous singers and hobbies a lot when we studied at the university. Stephen and I supported (支持) each other with letters. We shared our family activities, our early jobs and our problems. There were phones, but they were too expensive for us, so we kept writing. As time went on, the letters became more and more numerous. Now, the letters stay in a beautiful box in my study. Stephen and I are going to read them again in ten years. We also wrote new notes and put them in the box. We will read them then. 16．What does the underlined word “memorize” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A．Use. B．Remember. C．Finish. D．Prepare. 17．Why did they meet last autumn? A．To act plays. B．To read letters. C．To sing songs. D．To solve problems. 18．What did they share about when they studied at the university? A．Famous singers and hobbies. B．School rules and teachers. C．Early jobs and problems. D．Family activities and hobbies. 19．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．The writer and Stephen are both 60 years old now. B．The writer and Stephen have babies in the same year. C．The writer shared everything with Stephen in the letters. D．The writer and Stephen will meet again ten years later. 20．What may be the best title for the passage? A．Our Favourite Song. B．The Meaningful Past. C．A True Friendship. D．A Future Life. （五） Lily and Anna are best friends. They both like reading. They look alike, but they are also different from each other in many ways. For example, Anna does better in maths than Lily. She is always ready to help Lily with maths. Lily always tries new things while Anna doesn’t. One day, Lily had a new haircut (发型) —a bob cut (波波头). It was short and cute. The hair was around the head. Anna, with her long curly (卷的) hair, said, “Lily, I like your haircut!” Lily was excited. She got a fun idea. She wanted Anna to cut the same haircut, so they would be closer. The next morning, they showed their new haircuts in front of the class. They laughed and hugged like sisters. But at lunch, Lily saw Anna touch her hair again and again. Anna used to sing loudly, but that day she was quiet. “Are you OK?” Lily asked. “I miss my curly hair. It moved when I laughed. Now I feel like a copy (复印件),” Anna said. Lily realized their friendship didn’t mean they should be exactly the same. “I’m sorry,” she said. “Your curly hair is special. It makes you special, Anna! We’re different, but both cool!” Several months later, Anna’s curly hair came back. Lily kept her bob hair. They looked at themselves in a window, feeling pleased. “You’re my brave (勇敢的) friend!” “You’re my maths star!” Holding hands, they walked away. The two best friends loved their differences. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 21．What do Lily and Anna have in common? A．They both like changes. B．They both do well in maths. C．They both love music. D．They both like reading. 22．Which of the following shows Anna’s new hair? A． B． C． D． 23．Why did Lily want Anna to cut her hair short? A．Because Lily wanted them to be closer. B．Because Anna wanted to try a new haircut like Lily. C．Because Anna would look better with short hair. D．Because Lily wanted them to be the most special in class. 24．How did Lily’s feelings change? a．Pleased.    b．Sorry.    c．Excited. A．c-a-b B．c-b-a C．b-c-a D．b-a-c 25．What can we learn from the text? A．New hair means new friends. B．More hair means more friends. C．Hair changes but friendship stays. D．Hair stays but friendship changes. （六） At the beginning of this term, our class got a new student, Daniel. He came from a small village in the mountains, and everything in our school was new to him. Daniel was different from most of us. He didn’t have a phone, and he knew nothing about the computer games we talked about after class. Some of my classmates thought he was strange, so they didn’t talk to him. I didn’t say anything, either. One rainy afternoon, I stayed in the classroom because I couldn’t go home. Daniel was there, too. He took out a small notebook and began to draw. I looked at it and was surprised: he was drawing the whole school—every tree, every window, and even the birds on the roof. His pictures were better than anything I could draw. “Can you show me how to draw like that?” I asked. “Sure,” he said with a smile. “But you have to be patient. It took me three years.” From that day on, Daniel and I often sat together after class. I taught him to use the computer, and he taught me to look at the world more carefully. I found that Daniel was not strange at all—he was just different. Now I understand: people are like different colours in a picture. Alone, each colour is nothing special. Together, they make something beautiful. 26．Why didn’t some classmates talk to Daniel at first? A．He was too shy to speak. B．He came from a village and seemed different. C．He was not friendly to others. D．He did not like playing computer games. 27．What did the writer find out about Daniel one rainy afternoon? A．He could sing very well. B．He could draw very well. C．He was good at computer games. D．He knew a lot about the birds. 28．What did the writer do for Daniel? A．He taught Daniel to use the computer. B．He gave Daniel a new notebook. C．He helped Daniel with his homework. D．He showed Daniel around the school. 29．What does the writer mean by “people are like different colours in a picture”? A．Everyone should learn to draw pictures. B．Different people make life more beautiful. C．We should try to be the same as others. D．A picture needs only one colour. 30．What is the best title for the passage? A．Different Colours, One Picture B．A New Classmate from the Mountains C．How to Draw the Whole School D．Three Years with a Notebook （七） Knowing yourself is very important. Some students are talking about their personalities. Are they the same as you? Be a good listener I care about people’s ideas and feelings. I listen to others carefully and don’t stop them talking. I look at people’s eyes when I’m talking with them.        —Sally Be helpful Sam missed many classes because he was in hospital for weeks. After he returned to school, I helped him with schoolwork. Surprisingly, he got good grades in the final exams.    —Lisa Be outgoing I am an outgoing person, so I like to make lots of friends. And I don’t care if my friends are the same as me or different from me.        —Jason Be hard-working I’m a student in Grade 8 now. I become more hard-working than before, so I often get good grades in English tests. I always believe that the harder I work, the luckier I am.    —David 31．What does Sally do when she is talking with others? A．She stops others if she disagrees. B．She looks at people’s eyes. C．She talks about her own stories. D．She plays with her phone. 32．Who most likely believes that success comes from hard work? A．Lisa. B．Sally. C．Jason. D．David. 33．Why did Sam miss many classes? A．Because he didn’t like his lessons. B．Because he stayed in hospital for weeks. C．Because he had to look after his family. D．Because he went on a trip. 34．What can we know about Jason? A．He only makes friends who are like him. B．He likes to make many friends. C．He is good at listening to others. D．He often helps others with their schoolwork. 35．This text is most probably from ________. A．an art magazine B．a sports newspaper C．a health report D．a school magazine （八） Do you have any good friends? Do you know what friendship is? Let’s learn something about friends and friendships together. How to be a good friend? Being a good listener makes your friends feel they are important. Find out your friends’ good points (优点) and tell them openly. It will help your friends become more confident. As you grow, your hobbies may become different from those of your friends, and you may have new friends. But you should not forget your old friends. Why are friendships important? Friends can help you stay away from loneliness (孤独). And making friends from different places helps you to learn about different cultures. How to solve problems between your friends and you? It is important for you and your friends to work out a problem together and talk about your feelings. If both of you are angry, it may be better to talk about the problem when both of you are calm (冷静的). 36．How can people be good friends according to the text? ①By having similar hobbies. ②By listening to friends carefully. ③By finding out friends’ good points. ④By working together with friends all the time. A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 37．What does the underlined word “confident” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Being honest with others. B．Being lucky to finish something. C．Feeling sure about your own ability. D．Feeling happy to do something. 38．How many benefits (益处) can friendships bring to us? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 39．If your friend is very angry, what should you do? A．Tell him or her your feelings. B．Ask others for help. C．Point out his or her problems right away. D．Talk with him or her when both of you are calm. 40．What’s the structure of the text? (P₁= Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． （九） In Chinese history, there was a time called the Three Kingdoms. It was a period of war (战争). From this difficult time, a famous story of friendship took place. The main characters were Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei. Liu Bei was a kind man who wanted to bring peace to the land. One day, he met two brave men. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. They shared the same dream. In a beautiful peach garden, they promised to be brothers. They decided to help each other through all difficulties, and to protect each other even until death. This was the famous “Oath of the Peach Garden (桃园三结义)”. Their promise was not just words. The enemy once kept Guan Yu and offered him many benefits to leave Liu Bei, but he refused. He remained faithful (忠诚的) and finally returned to his brothers. Zhang Fei, known for his hot temper, was always faithful to Liu Bei. He used his great strength (力量、力气) to fight in many wars. Liu Bei also treated his brothers with great love and respect. He thought of them as his true family. Their friendship made them powerful and helped them build their kingdom, Shu Han. The story of Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei teaches us a valuable lesson. True friendship is about faithfulness, help, and working together for a common goal. 41．What did the three men want to bring to the land? A．Peace. B．New laws. C．More food. D．Bigger cities. 42．Where did Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei make their promise? A．In a bamboo forest. B．In a peach garden. C．In a king’s mountain. D．In a small house. 43．What did Guan Yu do when the enemy asked him to leave Liu Bei? A．He agreed at once. B．He said he would think. C．He asked for more money. D．He refused and stayed faithful. 44．Which kingdom did the brothers build together? A．Jin. B．Wei. C．Wu. D．Shu Han. 45．What can we learn from the story? A．Friends should live together. B．Friends should be the same age. C．Friends should give each other presents. D．Friends should be faithful and help each other. （十） S, M, P and C stand for different people who have different personalities. S people are the most popular at the party. They are friendly, energetic and humorous. They are interested in anything new and exciting and others always have fun with them. At the same time, they are careless and forgetful. M people are very careful and do everything as planned. They always want to find faults and never feel pleased with anything around them. They are strict with themselves, as well as with others. M people are real friends. If they make friends with you, it means that they will be your friends for life. They will do anything for their friends at any time. P people can easily be satisfied. They are peaceful and calm. But being peaceful and calm makes them very dull (迟钝的). They are always bystanders. P people are good listeners and are always ready to accept others’ opinions. C people are leaders and workaholics (工作狂). They are brave and are never afraid of taking risks. However, they don’t care about others’ opinions and seldom think of others. They want others to follow them, but they hate waiting for others. There are no good or bad personalities. Every personality has two sides. If someone knows himself well, tries to improve the positive things and tries to throw away the negative ones, he will have a better life. 46．According to the passage, we can know that S people are ______. A．quiet B．serious C．outgoing D．lazy 47．What does the underlined word “faults” mean in Chinese? A．缺点 B．快乐 C．麻烦 D．优点 48．Which of the following is TRUE about P people? A．They are friendly, energetic and humorous. B．They are peaceful and calm. C．They are brave and are never afraid of anything. D．They are careful, and do everything as planned. 49．Who are brave? A．C people. B．P people. C．S people. D．M people. 50．Which of the following is NOT mentioned? A．Different people have different personalities. B．C people play the most important role in the modern world. C．P people are always bystanders. D．If we know ourselves well, we’ll have a better life. 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $