Unit 3 Period2 Discovering Useful Structures(知识清单)英语人教版必修第二册

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Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful structures 一、语法概述——现在完成时的被动语态 要素 说明 示例 定义 表示到目前为止已经被做的动作,强调“已完成”和“被动”双重含义 Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.(Jan的生活已经被互联网大大改善了) 结构 have/has + been + 过去分词 Much has been written about the wonders of the WWW.(关于万维网的奇迹已经写了很多) 标志词 already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, lately, so far, up to now, since, for等 The software has been downloaded many times.(这个软件已经被下载了很多次) 二、核心结构——三种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词 The Wi-Fi password has been confirmed.(Wi-Fi密码已经被确认了) 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词 The file has not been copied yet.(这个文件还没有被复制) 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词? Has the button been pressed yet?(按钮已经被按了吗?) 三、主动语态 vs. 被动语态 对比项 主动语态 被动语态 含义 主语做了某事 主语被做了某事 结构 have/has + 过去分词 have/has + been + 过去分词 例句 The Internet has improved Jan's life. Jan's life has been improved by the Internet. 例句 People have written much about the WWW. Much has been written about the WWW. 强调 强调动作执行者(谁做了) 强调动作承受者(什么被做) 五、现在完成时被动语态中的常见动词 动词 过去分词 例句 improve(改善) improved Jan's life has been improved by the Internet. write(写) written Much has been written about the Internet. download(下载) downloaded The software has been downloaded many times. lose(丢失) lost An identity card has been lost. confirm(确认) confirmed The Wi-Fi password has been confirmed. press(按) pressed The button has been pressed. copy(复制) copied The file has been copied. make(制作) made A comment has been made about the database. plant(种植) planted The flowers have been planted. cut(切割) cut The grass has been cut. sweep(打扫) swept The paths have been swept. build(建造) built A new PC has been built. wash(洗) washed Your face has been washed. brush(刷) brushed Your teeth have been brushed. clean(清洁) cleaned Your shoes have been cleaned. 六、易错易混点归纳 (一)现在完成时被动语态 vs. 一般过去时被动语态 对比项 现在完成时被动 一般过去时被动 结构 have/has + been + done was/were + done 含义 已经被做(强调对现在的影响) 在当时被做(强调过去的动作) 例句 The bridge has been built.(桥已经建好了——现在可使用) The bridge was built in 2000.(桥在2000年建的——只说明过去事实) (二)被动语态中“been”不可省略 易错点:漏写been,误用一般现在时被动或现在完成时主动。 例:✔ The software has been downloaded. ✘ The software has downloaded.(主动形式,但software不能自己下载) ✘ The software is downloaded.(一般现在时,不强调完成) (三)过去分词不规则变化 动词原形 过去分词 注意 write written 不规则,双写t加en lose lost 不规则 build built 不规则 cut cut 不规则(三同形) sweep swept 不规则 plant planted 规则 download downloaded 规则 confirm confirmed 规则 copy copied 规则(变y为ied) (四)现在完成时被动语态的疑问句 注意:疑问句将have/has提到主语前。 例:✔ Have you confirmed the password?(主动疑问句) ✔ Has the password been confirmed?(被动疑问句) ✘ Is the password been confirmed?(结构错误) 七、即学即练 【即学即练1——用所给词的适当形式填空】 1.The software ________________ (download) many times since it was released. 2.Jan's life ________________ (improve) greatly by the Internet. 3.Much ________________ (write) about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 4.An identity card ________________ (lose) in the library yesterday. 5.The Wi-Fi password ________________ (confirm) already. 6.The button ________________ (press) yet?(疑问句) 7.A comment ________________ (make) about the online database. 8.The files ________________ (copy) to the new computer so far. 9.The flowers ________________ (plant) in the garden this week. 10.The paths ________________ (sweep) by the volunteers. 【即学即练2——将下列主动语态改为被动语态】 1.The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life. → _______________________________________________________ 2.People have written much about the wonders of the WWW. → _______________________________________________________ 3.I have downloaded the software to help my phone. → _______________________________________________________ 4.Someone has lost an identity card. → _______________________________________________________ 5.Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password? → _______________________________________________________ 6.Has anyone made a comment about the online database? → _______________________________________________________ 【即学即练3——完成句子】 1.Jan的生活已经被互联网大大改善了。 Jan's life ________ ________ ________ ________ by the Internet. 2.关于万维网的奇迹已经写了很多。 Much ________ ________ ________ about the wonders of the WWW. 3.这个软件已经被下载了很多次。 The software ________ ________ ________ many times. 4.Wi-Fi密码已经被确认了吗? ________ the Wi-Fi password ________ ________? 5.这些文件已经被复制到新电脑了。 The files ________ ________ ________ to the new computer. 6.关于那个在线数据库的评论已经被做出了吗? ________ a comment ________ ________ about the online database? 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 The Internet Discovering Useful structures 一、语法概述——现在完成时的被动语态 要素 说明 示例 定义 表示到目前为止已经被做的动作,强调“已完成”和“被动”双重含义 Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet.(Jan的生活已经被互联网大大改善了) 结构 have/has + been + 过去分词 Much has been written about the wonders of the WWW.(关于万维网的奇迹已经写了很多) 标志词 already, yet, just, ever, never, recently, lately, so far, up to now, since, for等 The software has been downloaded many times.(这个软件已经被下载了很多次) 二、核心结构——三种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + been + 过去分词 The Wi-Fi password has been confirmed.(Wi-Fi密码已经被确认了) 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + been + 过去分词 The file has not been copied yet.(这个文件还没有被复制) 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词? Has the button been pressed yet?(按钮已经被按了吗?) 三、主动语态 vs. 被动语态 对比项 主动语态 被动语态 含义 主语做了某事 主语被做了某事 结构 have/has + 过去分词 have/has + been + 过去分词 例句 The Internet has improved Jan's life. Jan's life has been improved by the Internet. 例句 People have written much about the WWW. Much has been written about the WWW. 强调 强调动作执行者(谁做了) 强调动作承受者(什么被做) 五、现在完成时被动语态中的常见动词 动词 过去分词 例句 improve(改善) improved Jan's life has been improved by the Internet. write(写) written Much has been written about the Internet. download(下载) downloaded The software has been downloaded many times. lose(丢失) lost An identity card has been lost. confirm(确认) confirmed The Wi-Fi password has been confirmed. press(按) pressed The button has been pressed. copy(复制) copied The file has been copied. make(制作) made A comment has been made about the database. plant(种植) planted The flowers have been planted. cut(切割) cut The grass has been cut. sweep(打扫) swept The paths have been swept. build(建造) built A new PC has been built. wash(洗) washed Your face has been washed. brush(刷) brushed Your teeth have been brushed. clean(清洁) cleaned Your shoes have been cleaned. 六、易错易混点归纳 (一)现在完成时被动语态 vs. 一般过去时被动语态 对比项 现在完成时被动 一般过去时被动 结构 have/has + been + done was/were + done 含义 已经被做(强调对现在的影响) 在当时被做(强调过去的动作) 例句 The bridge has been built.(桥已经建好了——现在可使用) The bridge was built in 2000.(桥在2000年建的——只说明过去事实) (二)被动语态中“been”不可省略 易错点:漏写been,误用一般现在时被动或现在完成时主动。 例:✔ The software has been downloaded. ✘ The software has downloaded.(主动形式,但software不能自己下载) ✘ The software is downloaded.(一般现在时,不强调完成) (三)过去分词不规则变化 动词原形 过去分词 注意 write written 不规则,双写t加en lose lost 不规则 build built 不规则 cut cut 不规则(三同形) sweep swept 不规则 plant planted 规则 download downloaded 规则 confirm confirmed 规则 copy copied 规则(变y为ied) (四)现在完成时被动语态的疑问句 注意:疑问句将have/has提到主语前。 例:✔ Have you confirmed the password?(主动疑问句) ✔ Has the password been confirmed?(被动疑问句) ✘ Is the password been confirmed?(结构错误) 七、即学即练 【即学即练1——用所给词的适当形式填空】 1.The software ________ (download) many times since it was released. 2.Jan's life ________ (improve) greatly by the Internet. 3.Much ________ (write) about the wonders of the World Wide Web. 4.An identity card ________ (lose) in the library yesterday. 5.The Wi-Fi password ________ (confirm) already. 6.The button ________ (press) yet?(疑问句) 7.A comment ________ (make) about the online database. 8.The files ________ (copy) to the new computer so far. 9.The flowers ________ (plant) in the garden this week. 10.The paths ________ (sweep) by the volunteers. 【参考答案】 1.has been downloaded(since与现在完成时连用,被动) 2.has been improved(by the Internet提示被动) 3.has been written(much作主语,被动) 4.was lost(yesterday用一般过去时被动) 5.has been confirmed(already用现在完成时被动) 6.Has; been pressed(疑问句结构) 7.has been made(被动) 8.have been copied(so far用现在完成时被动,files复数) 9.have been planted(this week用现在完成时被动,flowers复数) 10.have been swept(the paths复数,被动) 【即学即练2——将下列主动语态改为被动语态】 1.The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life. → _______________________________________________________ 2.People have written much about the wonders of the WWW. → _______________________________________________________ 3.I have downloaded the software to help my phone. → _______________________________________________________ 4.Someone has lost an identity card. → _______________________________________________________ 5.Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password? → _______________________________________________________ 6.Has anyone made a comment about the online database? → _______________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1.Jan's life has been greatly improved by the Internet. 2.Much has been written about the wonders of the WWW. 3.The software has been downloaded to help my phone. 4.An identity card has been lost. 5.Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed? 6.Has a comment been made about the online database? 【即学即练3——完成句子】 1.Jan的生活已经被互联网大大改善了。 Jan's life ________ ________ ________ ________ by the Internet. 2.关于万维网的奇迹已经写了很多。 Much ________ ________ ________ about the wonders of the WWW. 3.这个软件已经被下载了很多次。 The software ________ ________ ________ many times. 4.Wi-Fi密码已经被确认了吗? ________ the Wi-Fi password ________ ________? 5.这些文件已经被复制到新电脑了。 The files ________ ________ ________ to the new computer. 6.关于那个在线数据库的评论已经被做出了吗? ________ a comment ________ ________ about the online database? 【参考答案】 1.has been greatly improved 2.has been written 3.has been downloaded 4.Has; been confirmed 5.have been copied 6.Has; been made 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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