精品解析：上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科9月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Three Myths About Skin We put importance into caring for skin since it’s the first thing other people see. Skin might be one of the least correctly ____1____ (interpret) parts of our bodies. So today, I’d like to run through three myths we have about skin. Myth No. 1: Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect. When we talk of healthy skin, we ____2____ think of a clear and smooth surface. But skin is a living organ, ____3____ heart or lungs and any other complex organ, serving many functions, not just about what’s going on at the surface. Myth No. 2: You only need sunscreen on sunny days. UV rays from the sun are so strong that ____4____ damage our cells’ DNA. There are two types that affect the skin. UVA rays damage protein in skin, quickening the pace of aging. UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the outer layer of the skin, causing sunburn. ____5____ our cells can repair that damage to some extent, it accumulates over time, and can lead to skin cancer. When our skin ____6____ (expose) to UV rays, it gets darker, which is the way of showing it’s been damaged. So by wearing sunscreen, even when it’s cloudy, you are protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging and skin cancer. Myth No. 3: You can shrink pores. Pores are the tiny openings in our skin. They’re ____7____ let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin. Pore size is largely determined by genes, ____8____ function is to carry information for particular characteristics, and rarely changes. In other words, pores don’t really shrink. So stop ____9____ (spend) your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won’t block pores. Our skin is ____10____ amazing organ, so let’s treat it right and forget about those myths, OK? Section B Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need. A. housing B. leisurely C. sought D. reference E. primarily F. leg G. winding H. wildly I. pioneered J. major K. highlight 18th-century Grand Tour of Europe The Grand Tour began in the 16th century and gained popularity during the 17th century. Privileged (有特权的) young European graduates ____11____a trend where they travelled across the continent in search of art and cultural experiences upon their graduation. This practice, which grew to be ____12____popular, became known as the Grand Tour. Speciality guidebooks, tour guides, and other aspects of the tourist industry were developed during this time to meet the needs of wealthy 20-something male and female travellers as they explored the European continent. These young, classically educated Tourists were rich enough to fund multiple years abroad for themselves and they took full advantage of this. They carried letters of ____13____and introduction with them as they departed from southern England to communicate with and learn from people they met in other countries. Some Tourists ____14____to continue their education and broaden their horizons while abroad, some were just after fun and ____15____travels, but most desired a combination of both. A typical journey through Europe was long and ____16____with many stops along the way. London was commonly used as a starting point and the Tour was usually kicked off with a difficult trip across the English Channel. Crossing the wide channel was and is not easy. Tourists in the 17th and 18th centuries risked seasickness, illness, and even shipwreck on this first ____17____of travel. Grand Tourists were ____18____interested in visiting cities that were considered centres of culture at the time, so Paris, Rome, and Venice were not to be missed. The average Grand Tourist travelled from city to city, usually spending weeks in smaller cities and up to several months in the three ____19____ones. The vast majority of Tourists took part in similar activities during their exploration with art at the centre of it all. Once a Tourist arrived at a destination, he would look for _____20_____and settle in for anywhere from weeks to months, even years. Though certainly not an overly trying experience for most, the Grand Tour presented a unique set of challenges for travellers to overcome. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray. A study by Arizona State University found that ____21____a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures. Meanwhile, sunrise temperatures ____22____an average 2.4-degree drop. “This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “It’s exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are____23____rising.” Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That____24____energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a____25____of urban heat island effect. Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature____26____was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground. Even so, the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with____27____roads. But reflective pavements don’t affect all surfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body____28____heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat____29____at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” It’s been noted that the increase in_____30_____ temperatures “may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface.” Heather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been _____31_____from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but generally the response has been very_____32_____”. Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect. “If you’re standing over these surfaces on a hot day,_____33_____, you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “So if we really want to _____34_____true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.” A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different_____35_____, including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods. 21. A. applying B. sticking C. approaching D. contributing 22. A. occurred B. proved C. turned D. saw 23. A. efficiently B. constantly C. technically D. specifically 24. A. generated B. heated C. absorbed D. calculated 25. A. cycle B. decline C. sample D. variety 26. A. balance B. control C. difference D. equality 27. A. gray-painted B. light-colored C. black-topped D. dry-surfaced 28. A. reflects B. transmits C. resists D. experiences 29. A. extent B. exposure C. absorption D. endurance 30. A. felt B. heated C. stored D. needed 31. A. instant B. all-sided C. objective D. mixed 32. A. optimistic B. positive C. pessimistic D. obvious 33. A. in fact B. as a result C. on the other hand D. for one thing 34. A. put down B. hold up C. push toward D. take back 35. A. variations B. conditions C. circulations D. investigations Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Why do old people dislike new music? As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say they just don’t make good music like they used to. Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to become clear as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly. In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this, as there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies weakens with age. So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all “sound the same.” But there are maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s dislike to newer music. One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it. This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see and, the songs we listen to. When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase, so there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old, familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time. Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved. So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather it’s all part of the natural order of things. 36. What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33? A. They no longer listen to new music. B. They find all music sounds the same. C. They can make subtle distinctions about music. D. They seldom listen to songs released in their teens. 37. Which of the following situations agrees with the “mere exposure effect”? A. Tom likes the book, so he reads it more times. B. Andy recites the words repeatedly and he is fed up with them. C. Mike often listens to the same song and becomes more and more interested in it. D. Peter goes to school by bike every day, and therefore his riding skills are better and better. 38. What conclusion can we draw according to the psychology research? A. Teenagers are much more sensitive. B. Teenagers are much more emotional. C. Teenagers’ preferences are more lasting. D. Teenagers’ emotions are more intense. 39. What is mainly discussed in this passage? A. Quality issues of new music. B. Older people’s dislike of new music. C. Older people’s changing musical tastes. D. Insights into the features of good music. （B） What Are the Limits of Human Endurance? Paragraph 1: ________ When it comes to running, how far and how fast you can go is determined by a number of physical factors, including your VO2 max (the volume of oxygen you can pump round your body) and your lactate (乳酸盐) threshold, which is the point at which your body produces more lactate than it can break down (a build-up of this chemical makes you run less efficiently). Some of this is genetic, some of it comes from training. But in recent years, sports scientists have also come to recognise the importance of mental strength. The longer you run, the more important a well-thought-out mental strategy is. Common strategies for coping with pain include motivational self-talk and distraction techniques to help block negative thoughts. Paragraph 2: ________ Thirty years ago, scientists calculated that the fastest possible marathon, in perfect conditions and with the perfect athlete, would be 1 hour 58 minutes. And we’re getting close. This September, Kenyan long-distance runner Eliud Kipchoge set a new world record of 2:01:39 at the Berlin Marathon — a race ideally suited to fast times because of its flat course, few corners, and typically good weather conditions. Sports physiologists think that the two-hour limit could be broken in the next few decades, as a bigger talent pool of runners, plus advances in training technology, create ever more ideal combinations of athlete and running conditions. Paragraph 3: ________ Long-distance running stresses the body: recent research from the University of the Peloponnese in Greece found that post-race levels of inflammation (炎症) in the blood of ultra-endurance runners (those who run races longer than a marathon) showed similar readings to people with cancer or cirrhosis. However, over the next few days, the runners’ levels returned to normal, suggesting that they have a remarkable ability to recover after an extreme workout. Good training is partly about helping you know when, for instance, you’ve crossed the line from ‘good pain’ into ‘bad pain’. 40. Match each paragraph with one of the following questions, and then make the choice. Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles? Is endurance running bad for you? Will endurance running become a hit? Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon? A. Paragraph 1: Is endurance running bad for you?; Paragraph 2: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?; Paragraph 3: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles? B. Paragraph 1: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?; Paragraph 2: Is endurance running bad for you?; Paragraph 3: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon? C. Paragraph 1: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?; Paragraph 2: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?; Paragraph 3: Is endurance running bad for you? D. Paragraph 1: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?; Paragraph 2: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?; Paragraph 3: Is endurance running bad for you? 41. According to the research, how can distraction techniques help long-distance runners? A. By raising their VO2 max. B. By helping them concentrate. C. By lowering their lactate threshold. D. By preventing them feeling discouraged. 42. What can be learned from the passage? A. Good training can help you find out your limits. B. The world marathon record is 1 hour 58 minutes. C. Marathon training technology hasn’t changed a lot. D. Long-distance running causes lasting harm to our health. （C） As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve — and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually. The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so. To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments. Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you're at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others said you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill. That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (渴望). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence. 43. What do we know from the first paragraph? A. Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI. B. EI plays a key role in professional development. C. Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI. D. You have to turn to others to know which EI to improve. 44. According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”? A. You got help from your parents when making a key decision. B. Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study. C. You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution. D. Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others. 45. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A. It’s most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI. B. It’s hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense. C. When you want to improve EI, you should take your goals into consideration. D. Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI. 46. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Effective EI development is determined by different factors. B. EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is. C. The importance of performance assessment is underestimated. D. Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The inside story of how a “band of misfits” saved Lego When executives at toymaker Lego first learned that adults were buying large quantities of their interlocking plastic bricks and getting together to build Lego creations of their own, “they thought it was very strange,” says Paal Smith-Meyer. ____47____ “Leadership actually thought ‘adults’ were taking away from the brand.” Thanks to a handful of employees who worked to change attitudes inside the company, Lego is no longer embarrassed by its adult fans. ____48____ The bygone slogans “Just Imagine... ” and “Play On” have been overshadowed by Lego’s newest marketing motto: “Adults Welcome”. Even superstar athletes and entertainers like Ed Sheeran, Dwight Howard, and David Beckham boast openly about their affection for Lego building sets. Today Lego is the world’s largest and most profitable toymaker. The Lego brick was named “Toy of the Century” in 1999, and in 2014 Time magazine crowned it the “Most Influential Toy of All Time”, ahead of Barbie, G.I. Joe, and the Easy Bake Oven. The enthusiasm and buying power of Adult Fans of Lego — or AFOLs, as they’re known in the industry — played a major role in the company’s rise to the top. ____49____ Lego founder Ole Kirk Kristiansen always knew he wanted to market his products exclusively to kids. As the company grew over its first six decades, few imagined that its products could appeal as much to adults as to children. ____50____ Two decades ago, when Lego began making licensed sets inspired by hit movies like Star Wars and Harry Potter, it was adult fans who snatched up most of the merchandise. Despite the benefits AFOLs brought to the brand, executives at the company’s corporate offices in Billund, Denmark had little interest in catering to adult customers. As fan mail and product ideas poured in from AFOLs around the world, the company posted its off-putting position: “We don’t accept unsolicited ideas.” “Adult fans were often seen as a source of irritation,” says Jake McKee, a Lego executive from 2000 to 2006 who oversaw the company’s Global Community Development team. A. But insiders say the road from “kids only” to “adults welcome” was a long, uphill climb. B. AFOLs are also organizing unofficial Lego fan conventions and networking in online user groups. C. Gone are the days when labels on Lego boxes stated that the contents were appropriate only for boys ages 7 to 12. D. Attitudes began to shift in the late 1990s and early 2000s when the once-invulnerable toymaker started to struggle. E. AFOLs were having a dramatic impact on Lego’s bottom line years before the company recognized their value. F. “Before the late 1990s, the company didn’t think their adult fans had value,” says Smith-Meyer, who held a variety of senior posts at Lego from 2000 to 2014. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. You still need a better reason to plant a tree? Police aren’t cheap and neither are lawyers, judges, and all the other layers that make up the justice system. But trees and some grass, in comparison, are a real bargain, and they prove to be effective in lighting crimes. Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorb rainwater. After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas, Michelle Kondo, a social scientist found that a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary, and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent, a stunning 18 percent fall. Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas— for planting and maintenance— was enough to scare away potential criminals. Kondo’s study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas. It’s tempting to use income as the connection. After all, if you have the crime and money to water your lawn, you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime. But actually, people are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cleaned. “You will see less kids hanging on the corners.’’ Kondo said. He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys, by announcing to would-be criminals that there are “eyes on the street’’ that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime. We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution. Now we can add crime-fighting to the list of vegetation’s many benefits. Therefore, are you ready to plant a tree? IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。(prevent) (汉译英） 53. 事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。(There) (汉译英） 54. 教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。(effort) (汉译英） 55. 随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品。(that) (汉译英） V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校学生会计划组织一场学生艺术作品展览，就该展览以线上形式（学校官网开辟专门区域，将学生作品拍摄成不同角度的照片后在该线上区域展出，配以声音解说）还是线下形式（学校图书馆留出专门区域，作品旁搭配文字说明）听取全校师生意见。写一封邮件给学生会相关部门，内容须包括: 1）你的选择； 2）你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科9月第三次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Three Myths About Skin We put importance into caring for skin since it’s the first thing other people see. Skin might be one of the least correctly ____1____ (interpret) parts of our bodies. So today, I’d like to run through three myths we have about skin. Myth No. 1: Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect. When we talk of healthy skin, we ____2____ think of a clear and smooth surface. But skin is a living organ, ____3____ heart or lungs and any other complex organ, serving many functions, not just about what’s going on at the surface. Myth No. 2: You only need sunscreen on sunny days. UV rays from the sun are so strong that ____4____ damage our cells’ DNA. There are two types that affect the skin. UVA rays damage protein in skin, quickening the pace of aging. UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the outer layer of the skin, causing sunburn. ____5____ our cells can repair that damage to some extent, it accumulates over time, and can lead to skin cancer. When our skin ____6____ (expose) to UV rays, it gets darker, which is the way of showing it’s been damaged. So by wearing sunscreen, even when it’s cloudy, you are protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging and skin cancer. Myth No. 3: You can shrink pores. Pores are the tiny openings in our skin. They’re ____7____ let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin. Pore size is largely determined by genes, ____8____ function is to carry information for particular characteristics, and rarely changes. In other words, pores don’t really shrink. So stop ____9____ (spend) your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won’t block pores. Our skin is ____10____ amazing organ, so let’s treat it right and forget about those myths, OK? 【答案】1. interpreted 2. might ##may ##will 3. like 4. they 5. While ##Although ##Though 6. is exposed 7. what 8. whose 9. spending 10. an 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于皮肤的三个误区。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：皮肤可能是我们身体中解释得最不正确的部位之一。分析句子结构，此处修饰后面名词parts，用动词的过去分词修饰做前置定语，interpreted符合题意。故填interpreted。 【2题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：健康的皮肤是看起来完美的皮肤。当我们谈到健康的皮肤时，我们可能会想到一个干净光滑的表面。根据语境，此处表达“可能、也许或将”，用情态动词加动词原形。might / may / will符合题意。故填might / may / will。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是皮肤是一个活的器官，就像心脏、肺和任何其他复杂的器官一样，具有许多功能，而不仅仅是表面上的功能。根据后面接名词heart or lungs and any other complex organ，此处表示“像……”，用于列举，用介词like。故填like。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：来自太阳的紫外线非常强，它们会破坏我们细胞的DNA。有两种类型会影响皮肤。根据句意和结构，此处缺主语，指代前文提及UV rays，用代词they。故填they。 【5题详解】 考查让步性状语从句。句意：尽管我们的细胞可以在一定程度上修复这种损伤，但它会随着时间的推移而积累，并可能导致皮肤癌。分析句子结构，此处为从句，结合句意，可知此句为让步性状语从句，While / Although / Though“尽管…但是…”，符合题意。故填While / Although / Though。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：当我们的皮肤暴露在紫外线下时，它会变得更黑，这是表明它受到了损害的一种方式。be exposed to暴露，接触，固定搭配，主语为our skin，谓语动词用单数形式，时态为一般现在时。is exposed符合题意。故填is exposed。 【7题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：它们能让汗水让你凉快，润滑皮肤。分析句子结构，此句为表语从句，从句let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin缺主语，且指代事物，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 【8题详解】 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：孔隙大小主要由基因决定，基因的功能是携带特定特征的信息，很少发生变化。分析句子结构，此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是genes，从句缺少修饰function的定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：所以，不要再花钱买毛孔缩小剂了，只要用基本上不会堵塞毛孔的产品洗脸就行了。stop doing sth.停止做某事，spending花费，动名词作宾语，符合题意。故填spending。 【10题详解】 考查冠词。句意：我们的皮肤是一个神奇的器官，所以让我们正确对待它，忘掉那些神话，好吗？根据句意，此处表示“一个神奇的器官”，用不定冠词，且amazing的发音是元音音素开头，故填an。 Section B Fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word that you do not need. A. housing B. leisurely C. sought D. reference E. primarily F. leg G. winding H. wildly I. pioneered J. major K. highlight 18th-century Grand Tour of Europe The Grand Tour began in the 16th century and gained popularity during the 17th century. Privileged (有特权的) young European graduates ____11____a trend where they travelled across the continent in search of art and cultural experiences upon their graduation. This practice, which grew to be ____12____popular, became known as the Grand Tour. Speciality guidebooks, tour guides, and other aspects of the tourist industry were developed during this time to meet the needs of wealthy 20-something male and female travellers as they explored the European continent. These young, classically educated Tourists were rich enough to fund multiple years abroad for themselves and they took full advantage of this. They carried letters of ____13____and introduction with them as they departed from southern England to communicate with and learn from people they met in other countries. Some Tourists ____14____to continue their education and broaden their horizons while abroad, some were just after fun and ____15____travels, but most desired a combination of both. A typical journey through Europe was long and ____16____with many stops along the way. London was commonly used as a starting point and the Tour was usually kicked off with a difficult trip across the English Channel. Crossing the wide channel was and is not easy. Tourists in the 17th and 18th centuries risked seasickness, illness, and even shipwreck on this first ____17____of travel. Grand Tourists were ____18____interested in visiting cities that were considered centres of culture at the time, so Paris, Rome, and Venice were not to be missed. The average Grand Tourist travelled from city to city, usually spending weeks in smaller cities and up to several months in the three ____19____ones. The vast majority of Tourists took part in similar activities during their exploration with art at the centre of it all. Once a Tourist arrived at a destination, he would look for _____20_____and settle in for anywhere from weeks to months, even years. Though certainly not an overly trying experience for most, the Grand Tour presented a unique set of challenges for travellers to overcome. 【答案】11. I 12. H 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. G 17. F 18. E 19. J 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了18世纪的欧洲大旅行。 【11题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：享有特权的欧洲年轻毕业生开创了一种趋势，他们在毕业时走遍欧洲大陆，寻找艺术和文化体验。根据下文“a trend where they traveled across the continent”可知，欧洲年轻毕业生开创了一种趋势，空格处是“开创”，通篇是一般过去时，因此空格处是过去式pioneered。故选I。 【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：这种做法非常受欢迎，后来被称为“大旅行”。空格处用副词修饰形容词，由后面的“became known as the Grand Tour”可知，这种做法非常受欢迎，空格处意为“极其，非常”，是wildly。故选H。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：他们带着推荐信和介绍信离开英格兰南部，与他们在其他国家遇到的人交流和学习。根据“letters of”可知，空格处用名词，由“and introduction”可知，他们带着的是推荐信和介绍信，letter of reference意为“推荐信”，因此空格处是reference。故选D。 【14题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：一些游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野，一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行，但大多数人希望两者的结合。根据“to continue their education and broaden their horizons while abroad”可知，句子表示“游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野”，空格处意为“寻求”，是seek，通篇时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式sought。故选C。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一些游客在国外寻求继续他们的教育和扩大他们的视野，一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行，但大多数人希望两者的结合。空格处用形容词修饰名词travels，由前面的“just after fun”可知，句子表示“一些人只是追求乐趣和悠闲的旅行”，因此空格处意为“悠闲的”，是形容词leisurely。故选B。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：典型的欧洲之旅漫长而曲折，沿途要停靠许多站。空格处用形容词作表语，由后面的“many stops along the way”可知，句子表示“典型的欧洲之旅漫长而曲折，沿途要停靠许多站”，空格处意为“蜿蜒曲折的”，是形容词winding 。故选G。 【17题详解】 考查名词。句意：在17和18世纪，游客们冒着晕船、生病甚至海难的危险踏上了这段旅程的第一站。first后跟名词的单数，由后面的“of travel”可知，句子表示“踏上了这段旅程的第一站”，空格处意为“（旅程或赛程的）一段，一程”，是名词leg。故选F。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：大游客们主要对参观当时被认为是文化中心的城市感兴趣，所以巴黎、罗马和威尼斯是不容错过的。空格处用副词修饰形容词interested，由“interested in visiting cities that were considered centers of culture at the time”可知，大游客们主要对参观当时被认为是文化中心的城市感兴趣，空格处意为“主要地”，是副词primarily。故选E。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一般的“大游客”会从一个城市到另一个城市旅行，通常会在小城市待上几周，在三大城市待上几个月。空格处用形容词修饰代词ones，由上文的“so Paris, Rome, and Venice were not to be missed”可知，游客在三大城市待上几个月，空格处是“大的”，是形容词major。故选J。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：一旦游客到达一个目的地，他会寻找住房，并在任何地方安顿下来，从几周到几个月，甚至几年。空格处用名词作宾语，由后面的“settle in for anywhere”可知，游客是寻找住房，空格处是“住房”，是名词housing。故选A。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Researchers have found that urban heat island effect made worse by sunbaked roads can be relieved by a simple measure: Paint the streets gray. A study by Arizona State University found that ____21____a reflective, gray-colored material to black asphalt（柏油）resulted in a 10.5-to-12-degree Fahrenheit drop in average road surface temperatures. Meanwhile, sunrise temperatures ____22____an average 2.4-degree drop. “This is exactly what we were hoping for,” Phoenix Mayor Kate Gallego said. “It’s exciting to see a technology that has the potential to meet the demands of a growing desert city in a world where temperatures are____23____rising.” Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day. That____24____energy remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air. Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings, creating a____25____of urban heat island effect. Researchers found as well that the greatest temperature____26____was near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground. Even so, the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods with____27____roads. But reflective pavements don’t affect all surfaces the same way. Researchers said that “the most meaningful measurement” was of radiant temperatures, a measure of how the body____28____heat. Those measurements showed that the “human experience of heat____29____at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity.” It’s been noted that the increase in_____30_____ temperatures “may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface.” Heather Murphy, a spokesperson for the Transportation Department, said the response has been _____31_____from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied. “We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but generally the response has been very_____32_____”. Still, officials cautioned that reflective pavement is not a remedy for the urban heat island effect. “If you’re standing over these surfaces on a hot day,_____33_____, you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,” said Jennifer Vanos, an assistant professor at Arizona State University. “So if we really want to _____34_____true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.” A second phase of the study will examine questions about how the material performs under different_____35_____, including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods. 21. A. applying B. sticking C. approaching D. contributing 22. A. occurred B. proved C. turned D. saw 23. A. efficiently B. constantly C. technically D. specifically 24. A. generated B. heated C. absorbed D. calculated 25. A. cycle B. decline C. sample D. variety 26. A. balance B. control C. difference D. equality 27. A. gray-painted B. light-colored C. black-topped D. dry-surfaced 28. A. reflects B. transmits C. resists D. experiences 29. A. extent B. exposure C. absorption D. endurance 30. A. felt B. heated C. stored D. needed 31. A. instant B. all-sided C. objective D. mixed 32. A. optimistic B. positive C. pessimistic D. obvious 33. A. in fact B. as a result C. on the other hand D. for one thing 34. A. put down B. hold up C. push toward D. take back 35. A. variations B. conditions C. circulations D. investigations 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，一个简单的方法可以缓解因道路被晒伤而加剧的城市热岛效应——把街道涂成灰色。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现，在黑色沥青上涂上一种反光的灰色材料，会导致平均路面温度下降10.5到12华氏度。 A. applying涂，应用，申请；B. sticking刺入，粘住；C. approaching接近；D. contributing捐献。固定搭配：apply…to“把……涂到……上”。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，日出时的温度平均下降了2.4度。A. occurred发生；B. proved证明；C. turned使变成；D. saw目睹，看见。此处指“目睹”了温度的下降。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在一个气温不断上升的世界里，看到一项有潜力满足日益增长的沙漠城市的需求的技术是令人兴奋的。A. efficiently高效地；B. constantly持续不断地；C. technically 技术上；D. specifically专门地。根据下文“Experts say road temperatures in the Phoenix area can rise to 180 degrees on a hot day.”可知，此处指温度“持续不断地”上升。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：被吸收的能量会在铺好的地面上停留数小时，将热量辐射回夜间的空气中。A. generated产生，引发；B. heated加热；C. absorbed吸收；D. calculated计算，估计。根据下文“remains in paved surfaces for hours, radiating heat back into nighttime air”，可知此处指“被吸收的”能量。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜间较高的温度会导致早晨更温暖，从而形成城市热岛效应的循环。A. cycle循环；B. decline减少，衰退；C. sample样品；D. variety种类。根据上文“Higher overnight temperatures result in warmer mornings”，可知，形成城市热岛效应的“循环”。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员还发现，最大的温差发生在靠近路面的地方，距离地面6英尺的地方温差较小。A. balance平衡；B. control控制；C. difference区分，不同；D. equality平等。根据下文“near the road surface, with less dramatic results 6 feet above the ground.”可知，此处指最大“温差”。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，那些街道反光的社区的空气温度要比那些街道是黑漆漆的社区低0.3至0.5度。A. gray-painted灰漆；B. light-colored 颜色浅的；C. black-topped漆黑的；D. dry-surfaced表面干的。根据空前“the neighborhoods with streets reflecting light experienced air temperatures 0.3-to-0.5 degree cooler compared with neighborhoods”，可知此处是与黑漆漆社区温度的比较，也就是指黑色吸热。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员表示，“最有意义的测量”是辐射温度，这是一种测量人体如何感受到热量的方法。A. reflects反射；B. transmits播送；C. resists抵制；D. experiences体验。根据下文“human experience of heat”，可知，此处指人体感受热量的方法。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些测量结果表明，“由于地表反射率，人类在中午和下午几个小时暴露在高温下的体验更高。”A. extent 程度，范围；B. exposure暴露，接触；C. absorption吸收，吸纳；D. endurance持久力。根据下文“at noon and the afternoon hours was higher due to surface reflectivity”，可知，此处指“暴露”在高温下的体验。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人指出，感觉温度的增加“可能是使用反射表面来降低表面温度的一种必要的权衡。A. felt感觉；B. heated 加热；C. stored储存；D. needed需要。根据下文“may be a necessary trade-off（妥协）to reduce surface temperatures using a reflective surface”可知，此处指对温度增加的“感觉”。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：交通部发言人希瑟·墨菲(Heather Murphy)说，使用这种材料的社区的司机和居民对此反应不一。A. instant立刻的；B. all-sided全面的；C. objective客观的；D. mixed复杂的，混合的。根据下文“from drivers and residents in neighborhoods where the material is applied”，可知，此处指司机和居民对此反应“不一”。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有一些人不喜欢它的外观，但总的来说反应是非常积极的。A. optimistic乐观的；B. positive积极的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. obvious明显的。根据上文的“We have had some people who don’t like the look of it, but…”，可知，句中的but表示转折，说明反应是“积极的”。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：如果你在炎热的天气站在这些表面上，事实上，如果你不在阴凉处，你仍然会觉得热。A. in fact事实上；B. as a result结果；C. on the other hand另一方面；D. for one thing首先，一方面。根据空后“you’re still going to be hot if you’re not in the shade,”可知，此处指的是“事实”。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以如果我们真的想要推动真正的解决方案，它不会只是把所有的街道涂成灰色。A. put down放下，记下；B. hold up 举起，阻挡；C. push toward推进；D. take back收回。根据下文“true solutions, it’s not going to be just painting all the streets gray.”可知，此处指“推进”解决方案。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究的第二阶段将考察材料在不同条件下的性能，包括反射率、降解和地下温度在较长时间内的变化。A. variations变奏曲；B. conditions条件，状况；C. circulations流通，循环；D. investigations调查。根据下文“including changes in reflectivity, degradation and subsurface temperature over longer periods.”可知，此处指在不同的“条件下”。故选B。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Why do old people dislike new music? As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say they just don’t make good music like they used to. Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to become clear as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly. In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when you’re in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this, as there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies weakens with age. So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all “sound the same.” But there are maybe some simpler reasons for older people’s dislike to newer music. One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it. This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see and, the songs we listen to. When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase, so there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old, familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time. Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved. So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather it’s all part of the natural order of things. 36. What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33? A. They no longer listen to new music. B. They find all music sounds the same. C. They can make subtle distinctions about music. D. They seldom listen to songs released in their teens. 37. Which of the following situations agrees with the “mere exposure effect”? A. Tom likes the book, so he reads it more times. B. Andy recites the words repeatedly and he is fed up with them. C. Mike often listens to the same song and becomes more and more interested in it. D. Peter goes to school by bike every day, and therefore his riding skills are better and better. 38. What conclusion can we draw according to the psychology research? A. Teenagers are much more sensitive. B. Teenagers are much more emotional. C. Teenagers’ preferences are more lasting. D. Teenagers’ emotions are more intense. 39. What is mainly discussed in this passage? A. Quality issues of new music. B. Older people’s dislike of new music. C. Older people’s changing musical tastes. D. Insights into the features of good music. 【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是年纪大的人不喜欢新音乐及其原因。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. ”（事实上，研究发现，大多数人到了33岁的时候，就不再听新歌了。）可知大多数人到33岁不再听新音乐。故选A。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.”（社会心理学中研究得最多的一个定律就是所谓的“单纯暴露效应”，也就是说，我们接触到的东西越多，我们就越喜欢它。）可知C项：Mike often listens to the same song and becomes more and more interested in it.（迈克经常听同一首歌，越来越感兴趣。）可知Mike接触到的同一首歌越多，就感兴趣，和单纯暴露效应相一致。故选C。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later.”（心理学研究表明，我们在青少年时期经历的情绪似乎比以后的情绪更强烈。）可知根据心理学研究，青少年的情绪更加强烈。故选D。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Why do old people dislike new music? ”（为什么老年人不喜欢新音乐？）后文解释原因；最后一段“So there’s nothing wrong with your parents because they don’t like your music. Rather it’s all part of the natural order of things.”（因为父母不喜欢你的音乐，所以没有什么问题。相反，这是自然规律的一部分。）可知文章主要讲的是年纪大的人不喜欢新音乐。故选B。 （B） What Are the Limits of Human Endurance? Paragraph 1: ________ When it comes to running, how far and how fast you can go is determined by a number of physical factors, including your VO2 max (the volume of oxygen you can pump round your body) and your lactate (乳酸盐) threshold, which is the point at which your body produces more lactate than it can break down (a build-up of this chemical makes you run less efficiently). Some of this is genetic, some of it comes from training. But in recent years, sports scientists have also come to recognise the importance of mental strength. The longer you run, the more important a well-thought-out mental strategy is. Common strategies for coping with pain include motivational self-talk and distraction techniques to help block negative thoughts. Paragraph 2: ________ Thirty years ago, scientists calculated that the fastest possible marathon, in perfect conditions and with the perfect athlete, would be 1 hour 58 minutes. And we’re getting close. This September, Kenyan long-distance runner Eliud Kipchoge set a new world record of 2:01:39 at the Berlin Marathon — a race ideally suited to fast times because of its flat course, few corners, and typically good weather conditions. Sports physiologists think that the two-hour limit could be broken in the next few decades, as a bigger talent pool of runners, plus advances in training technology, create ever more ideal combinations of athlete and running conditions. Paragraph 3: ________ Long-distance running stresses the body: recent research from the University of the Peloponnese in Greece found that post-race levels of inflammation (炎症) in the blood of ultra-endurance runners (those who run races longer than a marathon) showed similar readings to people with cancer or cirrhosis. However, over the next few days, the runners’ levels returned to normal, suggesting that they have a remarkable ability to recover after an extreme workout. Good training is partly about helping you know when, for instance, you’ve crossed the line from ‘good pain’ into ‘bad pain’. 40. Match each paragraph with one of the following questions, and then make the choice. Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles? Is endurance running bad for you? Will endurance running become a hit? Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon? A. Paragraph 1: Is endurance running bad for you?; Paragraph 2: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?; Paragraph 3: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles? B. Paragraph 1: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?; Paragraph 2: Is endurance running bad for you?; Paragraph 3: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon? C. Paragraph 1: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?; Paragraph 2: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?; Paragraph 3: Is endurance running bad for you? D. Paragraph 1: Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?; Paragraph 2: Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?; Paragraph 3: Is endurance running bad for you? 41. According to the research, how can distraction techniques help long-distance runners? A. By raising their VO2 max. B. By helping them concentrate. C. By lowering their lactate threshold. D. By preventing them feeling discouraged. 42. What can be learned from the passage? A. Good training can help you find out your limits. B. The world marathon record is 1 hour 58 minutes. C. Marathon training technology hasn’t changed a lot. D. Long-distance running causes lasting harm to our health. 【答案】40. D 41. D 42. A 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍人类耐力的极限，分别从耐力受身体与心理因素共同影响、马拉松能否突破两小时大关、长跑对身体的影响这三个方面展开说明。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When it comes to running, how far and how fast you can go is determined by a number of physical factors, including your VO2 max (the volume of oxygen you can pump round your body) and your lactate (乳酸盐) threshold, which is the point at which your body produces more lactate than it can break down (a build-up of this chemical makes you run less efficiently). Some of this is genetic, some of it comes from training. But in recent years, sports scientists have also come to recognise the importance of mental strength.(当谈到跑步时，你能跑多远、多快取决于许多身体因素，包括你的最大摄氧量（你能泵入全身的氧气量）和你的乳酸盐阈值，即你的身体产生的乳酸盐超过它所能分解的量的那一点（这种化学物质的积累会让你跑得效率降低）。这其中有些是遗传的，有些来自训练。但在最近几年，运动科学家也认识到了心理力量的重要性。)”可推知，第一段主要探讨耐力是取决于身体（肌肉）还是心理，对应问题“Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?”；根据文章第二段“Thirty years ago, scientists calculated that the fastest possible marathon, in perfect conditions and with the perfect athlete, would be 1 hour 58 minutes.(三十年前，科学家计算出，在完美的条件下，由完美的运动员跑出的最快马拉松可能是1小时58分钟。)”以及“Sports physiologists think that the two-hour limit could be broken in the next few decades, as a bigger talent pool of runners, plus advances in training technology, create ever more ideal combinations of athlete and running conditions.(运动生理学家认为，两小时的极限可能会在未来几十年内被打破，因为更大的跑步人才库，加上训练技术的进步，创造了运动员和跑步条件之间更加理想的组合。)”可推知，第二段主要探讨是否有人能跑进两小时，对应问题“Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?”；根据文章第三段“Long-distance running stresses the body: recent research from the University of the Peloponnese in Greece found that post-race levels of inflammation (炎症) in the blood of ultra-endurance runners (those who run races longer than a marathon) showed similar readings to people with cancer or cirrhosis.(长跑给身体带来压力：希腊伯罗奔尼撒大学的最新研究发现，超强耐力跑步者（那些参加比马拉松更长距离比赛的人）赛后血液中的炎症水平显示出与癌症或肝硬化患者相似的指标。)”可推知，第三段主要探讨长跑是否对身体有害，对应问题“Is endurance running bad for you?”。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Common strategies for coping with pain include motivational self-talk and distraction techniques to help block negative thoughts.(应对疼痛的常见策略包括激励性的自我对话和帮助阻断消极想法的分散注意力技巧。)”可知，分心技巧用来打消消极想法，避免运动员感到沮丧泄气。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Good training is partly about helping you know when, for instance, you’ve crossed the line from ‘good pain’ into ‘bad pain’.(科学有效的训练，在一定程度上能够帮你判断什么时候已经越过界限，从“良性酸痛”转变为“有害伤痛”。)”可知，科学训练可以帮人认清自身极限。 （C） As the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve — and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually. The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you). This is especially true for the development of EI because we can be blind to how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most of us think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so. To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes into account the multiple aspects of EI. The key is to find one to give you feedback, which is focused on development and not on performance assessment. And that can give you a detailed understanding of how other people’s assessments of you differ from your own assessments. Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you're at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others said you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically (内在的) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill. That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations (渴望). Understanding the influences of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over a long period of time as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence. 43. What do we know from the first paragraph? A. Professionals fail to understand the concepts of EI. B. EI plays a key role in professional development. C. Leaders are badly in need of improving their EI. D. You have to turn to others to know which EI to improve. 44. According to the passage, which of the following is an “external reality check”? A. You got help from your parents when making a key decision. B. Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study. C. You reflected yourself and made a New Year Resolution. D. Your career development speeds up with the guidance of others. 45. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the 4th paragraph? A. It’s most reliable to follow your inner call when you want to improve your EI. B. It’s hard for others to know your EI because it hides deeply behind your inner sense. C. When you want to improve EI, you should take your goals into consideration. D. Acquiring a new skill is more significant than your attempt to improve your EI. 46. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Effective EI development is determined by different factors. B. EI development is unlikely to happen unless you know what EI really is. C. The importance of performance assessment is underestimated. D. Your inner self discourages you from improving your EI. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了提升情商的方法，既要借助他人反馈认清自我，也要结合个人目标、依靠内在动机持续练习。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve — and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually. (在为企业提供咨询和辅导管理者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要培养特定的情商优势，可以结合他人指出的有待提升之处以及自己想要实现的目标，然后在这些方面主动养成习惯，而不只是停留在理论认知层面。)”可知，想要提升情商，需要参考他人意见，确定自己要提升的情商方向。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so. (如果缺少这种外部现实核验，你很难发现自身行为会如何影响自己的表现。从他人那里获取反馈，也能够证明我们改变自身行为的必要性，并给予我们改变的动力。)”可知，“external reality check”指来自外界他人给出的反馈、指正，B选项“Your teacher directed you towards a better attitude in study (老师引导你树立更好的学习态度)”属于外界给出的反馈，符合定义。 【45题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. (其次，当你从评估中拿到反馈时，可以以此确定想要改进的地方，但同时也要考虑你自己的目标是什么。)”可知，本段主要讲述提升情商时要兼顾自身目标，内在动机十分重要，遵从内心的意愿。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found that if you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvement others have identified along with the goals you want to achieve — and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually. (在为企业提供咨询和辅导管理者的工作中，我们发现，如果你想要培养特定的情商优势，可以结合他人指出的有待提升之处以及自己想要实现的目标，然后在这些方面主动养成习惯，而不只是停留在理论认知层面。)”并结合全文内容可知， 作者提出提升情商既要获取他人的反馈评估，又要结合个人目标、依靠内在动机，是多重因素共同作用的过程。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The inside story of how a “band of misfits” saved Lego When executives at toymaker Lego first learned that adults were buying large quantities of their interlocking plastic bricks and getting together to build Lego creations of their own, “they thought it was very strange,” says Paal Smith-Meyer. ____47____ “Leadership actually thought ‘adults’ were taking away from the brand.” Thanks to a handful of employees who worked to change attitudes inside the company, Lego is no longer embarrassed by its adult fans. ____48____ The bygone slogans “Just Imagine... ” and “Play On” have been overshadowed by Lego’s newest marketing motto: “Adults Welcome”. Even superstar athletes and entertainers like Ed Sheeran, Dwight Howard, and David Beckham boast openly about their affection for Lego building sets. Today Lego is the world’s largest and most profitable toymaker. The Lego brick was named “Toy of the Century” in 1999, and in 2014 Time magazine crowned it the “Most Influential Toy of All Time”, ahead of Barbie, G.I. Joe, and the Easy Bake Oven. The enthusiasm and buying power of Adult Fans of Lego — or AFOLs, as they’re known in the industry — played a major role in the company’s rise to the top. ____49____ Lego founder Ole Kirk Kristiansen always knew he wanted to market his products exclusively to kids. As the company grew over its first six decades, few imagined that its products could appeal as much to adults as to children. ____50____ Two decades ago, when Lego began making licensed sets inspired by hit movies like Star Wars and Harry Potter, it was adult fans who snatched up most of the merchandise. Despite the benefits AFOLs brought to the brand, executives at the company’s corporate offices in Billund, Denmark had little interest in catering to adult customers. As fan mail and product ideas poured in from AFOLs around the world, the company posted its off-putting position: “We don’t accept unsolicited ideas.” “Adult fans were often seen as a source of irritation,” says Jake McKee, a Lego executive from 2000 to 2006 who oversaw the company’s Global Community Development team. A. But insiders say the road from “kids only” to “adults welcome” was a long, uphill climb. B. AFOLs are also organizing unofficial Lego fan conventions and networking in online user groups. C. Gone are the days when labels on Lego boxes stated that the contents were appropriate only for boys ages 7 to 12. D. Attitudes began to shift in the late 1990s and early 2000s when the once-invulnerable toymaker started to struggle. E. AFOLs were having a dramatic impact on Lego’s bottom line years before the company recognized their value. F. “Before the late 1990s, the company didn’t think their adult fans had value,” says Smith-Meyer, who held a variety of senior posts at Lego from 2000 to 2014. 【答案】47. F 48. C 49. A 50. E 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了乐高成年粉丝在乐高市场的价值，同时也说到了乐高公司内部领导人对成年粉丝的不同态度。 【47题详解】 下文“Leadership actually thought ‘adults’ were taking away from the brand.(领导层实际上认为这些成年人是在贬低他们的品牌)”说到领导层对成年粉丝的贬低看法。F项““Before the late 1990s, the company didn’t think their adult fans had value,” says Smith-Meyer, who held a variety of senior posts at Lego from 2000 to 2014.(“在20世纪90年代末之前，公司从来不认为成年人粉丝有价值。”乐高公司2000年到2014年高级管理领导人Smith-Meyer说到)”引出下文Smith对成年人粉丝的不好看法，符合文意，故选F项。 【48题详解】 下文“The bygone slogans “Just Imagine... ” and “Play On” have been overshadowed by Lego’s newest marketing motto: “Adults Welcome”.(过去的口号——‘仅仅想象……’以及‘继续玩’已经被最新的宣传口号——‘欢迎成年人’遮盖住)”可以看出乐高公司现在开始欢迎成年粉丝加入。C项“Gone are the days when labels on Lego boxes stated that the contents were appropriate only for boys ages 7 to 12.(乐高盒子上印着商品内容只适合7至12岁的男孩子的时代已经过去)”可引出下乐高公司新宣传口号，符合文意，故选C项。 【49题详解】 通过下文“Lego founder Ole Kirk Kristiansen always knew he wanted to market his products exclusively to kids.(乐高创始人Ole Kirk Kristiansen一直都知道他想把自己的产品专门卖给孩子们)”看出Ole Kirk Kristiansen的宣传群体还是孩子们。A项“But insiders say the road from “kids only” to “adults welcome” was a long, uphill climb.(但是内行人说从“孩子群体”到“欢迎成年人”是一段漫长而艰难的上升之路)”引出下文Ole Kirk Kristiansen的看法，讲述原因认为将客户群体转到成年人还是比较困难的。符合文意，故选A项。 【50题详解】 上文“As the company grew over its first six decades, few imagined that its products could appeal as much to adults as to children.(在公司过去的60年发展中，很少有人能想象到他们的产品对成年人的吸引和孩子们一样多) ”说明公司很长时间都没注意到成年粉丝对乐高的喜爱。E项“AFOLs were having a dramatic impact on Lego’s bottom line years before the company recognized their value.(乐高成年粉丝在公司意识到他们的价值之前，对乐高关键的那几年有着显著的影响)”承接上文，说明成年粉丝的价值，符合文意，故选E项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. You still need a better reason to plant a tree? Police aren’t cheap and neither are lawyers, judges, and all the other layers that make up the justice system. But trees and some grass, in comparison, are a real bargain, and they prove to be effective in lighting crimes. Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorb rainwater. After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas, Michelle Kondo, a social scientist found that a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary, and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent, a stunning 18 percent fall. Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas— for planting and maintenance— was enough to scare away potential criminals. Kondo’s study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas. It’s tempting to use income as the connection. After all, if you have the crime and money to water your lawn, you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime. But actually, people are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cleaned. “You will see less kids hanging on the corners.’’ Kondo said. He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys, by announcing to would-be criminals that there are “eyes on the street’’ that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime. We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution. Now we can add crime-fighting to the list of vegetation’s many benefits. Therefore, are you ready to plant a tree? 【答案】Vegetation’s has many benefits. It can’t only make our community beautiful, but also can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution. More importantly, trees and some grass play an active role in lighting crimes because the organized greenery helped to scare away bad guys with bad intentions. 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色植物看起来很美，可以帮助改善心情和健康，同时减少污染；同时绿色植物还暗示了当地人的谨慎，这有助于吓跑心怀不端的家伙，进而打击犯罪；因此，鼓励大家多种树。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Trees and some grass prove to be effective in lighting crimes. ②The appearance of city trucks and vans for planting and maintenance in the landscaped areas was enough to scare away potential criminals. ③The organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys. ④We already know greenery is beautiful to look at ,can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution, and can also help to fight crimes 2.缜密构思：将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、3两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Trees and some grass play an active role in lighting crimes. The organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys Greenery is beautiful to look at, can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution, and can also help to fight crimes 【点睛】[高分句型1] It can’t only make our community beautiful, but also can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution.运用not only…but also…连接两个并列结构对最后一段部分内容进行总结，表达高级。 [高分句型2]： More importantly, trees and some grass play an active role in lighting crimes because the organized greenery helped to scare away bad guys with bad intentions. 运用了because引导的原因状语从句对二三段的部分内容进行总结，表达高级。 IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 必须采取有效措施以防止病毒扩散。(prevent) (汉译英） 【答案】Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus. 【解析】 【详解】情态动词和非谓语动词。“采取措施”用固定搭配take measures，此处用measures做主语，句子应该用被动语态。表示“有效措施”，用“effective measures”；表示“必须”用情态动词must；所以“必须采取有效措施”，应用must be done的形式，即effective measures must be taken；表示“以防止病毒扩散”，用动不定式做目的状语，即to prevent the spread of the virus。故整句可翻译为：Effective measures must be taken to prevent the spread of the virus。 53. 事实证明，能坚持理想的人往往更容易取得成功。(There) (汉译英） 【答案】There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed. 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。表示“事实证明”应用there is evidence，后接that引导同位语从句。在同位语从句中，“能坚持理想的人”应用those 后接定语从句who can stick to their dreams/ambitions；表示“更容易成功”应用more likely to succeed。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为There is evidence that those who can stick to their ambitions/dreams are more likely to succeed. 54. 教师们不遗余力推进素质教育，旨在培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。(effort) (汉译英） 【答案】Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality - oriented education, cultivating students' spirit of innovation and practical abilities. 【解析】 【详解】考查伴随状语，目的状语。表示“不遗余力”应用spare no efforts；表示“推进素质教育” 应用to promote the quality - oriented education，作目的状语；逗号后用现在分词做伴随状语，表示在推进素质教育的同时也培养学生的其他能力。表示“培养”应用cultivate，表示“创新精神和实践能力”应用spirit of innovation and practical abilities。故翻译Teachers spare no efforts to promote the quality - oriented education, cultivating students' spirit of innovation and practical abilities。 55. 随着时代的进步，许多往日被视为奢侈品的电子产品，已成为大众消费得起的日用品。(that) (汉译英） 【答案】With the advancement of times, many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has been turned into affordable commodities/daily goods/daily necessities the general public use. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词、短语、定语从句和时态。表示“随着……的进步”短语可使用with the advancement of sth作状语；表示“时代”可使用名词times；表“电子产品”可使用名词短语electronic devices；表“被看作”短语可使用be regarded as，由句中的“往日”可知，该处系动词应使用一般过去时，且修饰的“electronic devices”为复数；表“奢侈品”短语可使用luxury possessions；表“成为”短语可以使用turn into，且由被动逻辑关系可知，应使用被动语态，强调动作已经完成应使用现在完成时态；表“消费得起的日用品”短语可使用affordable commodities/daily goods/daily necessities the general public use。故翻译为With the advancement of times, many electronic devices that were regarded as luxury possessions has been turned into affordable commodities/daily goods/daily necessities the general public use. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校学生会计划组织一场学生艺术作品展览，就该展览以线上形式（学校官网开辟专门区域，将学生作品拍摄成不同角度的照片后在该线上区域展出，配以声音解说）还是线下形式（学校图书馆留出专门区域，作品旁搭配文字说明）听取全校师生意见。写一封邮件给学生会相关部门，内容须包括: 1）你的选择； 2）你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Dear Student Council Members, I am writing to express my opinion on the upcoming student art exhibition. I believe it should be held online rather than offline. Firstly, an online exhibition allows for greater accessibility. Students, teachers, and parents can view the art pieces anytime and anywhere with internet access, so more people can appreciate our fellow students’ hard work and creativity. Secondly, going digital provides more room for creativity. We can create an interactive experience for viewers, such as adding sound effects or music to the art pieces, which enhances the visual impact and stimulates the viewers’ senses. Lastly, an online exhibition is more cost-effective and eco-friendly. We do not need to print flyers or set up physical spaces, which saves resources and reduces waste. Therefore, I strongly suggest that the student art exhibition be held online. I hope my opinion can be taken into consideration. Sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生写一封邮件给学生会相关部门，就学生艺术作品展览的形式给出自己的选择，并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 表达：express → convey 观点：opinion → perspective/point of view 即将到来的：upcoming → forthcoming 增强：enhance → strengthen 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：I am writing to express my opinion on the upcoming student art exhibition. I believe it should be held online rather than offline. 拓展句：I am writing to express my opinion on the upcoming student art exhibition, which I believe should be held online rather than offline. 【点睛】【高分句型1】We can create an interactive experience for viewers, such as adding sound effects or music to the art pieces, which enhances the visual impact and stimulates the viewers’ senses. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】We do not need to print flyers or set up physical spaces, which saves resources and reduces waste. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $