Unit 5 A fine balance（知识清单）英语新教材外研版九年级上册

Unit 5 A fine balance 主 题 场 景 词 汇 1. _______________ adj. 人的，人类的 2. _______________ v. 降低 3. _______________ n. 游客 4. _______________ v. 受益，得益 5. _______________ n. 奇迹，奇观 6. _______________ v. 欣赏，观赏 7. _______________ prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 8. _______________ n. 痕迹；标记 9. _______________ adj. 快速的，迅速的 10. _______________ n. 社会 11. _______________ v. 取消 12. _______________ v. 允许 13. _______________ v. 影响 14. _______________ n. 组织，团体，机构 15. _______________ v. 伤害 16. _______________ v. 处罚，惩罚 17. _______________ 全球变暖 18. _______________ n. 垃圾 19. _______________ v. 过度捕捞 20. _______________ n. 气，气体 21. _______________ 温室气体 22. _______________ adj. 平方的 23. _______________ n. 伐木 24. _______________ 太阳能电池板 25. _______________ n. 麦克风，话筒，传声器，扩音器 26. _______________ n. 警报 27. _______________ n. 警卫；门卫 28. _______________ n. 外国人 29. _______________ n. 标识，标志，徽标 30. _______________ adj. 濒危的，濒临灭绝的 31. _______________ adj. 易受伤的 32. _______________ n. 保护 33. _______________ n. 农田，耕地 短 语 1. ______________________________ 依赖，取决于 2. ______________________________ 互相 3. ______________________________ 和…的关系 4. ______________________________ 对…有影响 5. ______________________________ 某人发生某事 6. ______________________________ 充满… 7. ______________________________ 砍倒，减少 8. ______________________________ 收回 9. ______________________________ 自然奇观 10. ______________________________ 允许某人做某事 11. ______________________________ 再一次，又一次 12. ______________________________ 有史以来 13. ______________________________ 重新开始，从头来过 14. ______________________________ 与…相处（融洽） 15. ______________________________ …的迅速发展 16. ______________________________ 事实上 17. ______________________________ 寻找 18. ______________________________ （做出）努力 19. ______________________________ 建立 20. ______________________________ 成百上千的 21. ______________________________ 植树 22. ______________________________ 是…的家园 实 用 句 型 1. What would happen to the natural world if people were gone? 如果人类消失了，自然界会发生什么？ 2. It is no surprise that animals soon increase in number. 动物数量很快增加，这并不奇怪。 3. Without humans, the noise drops greatly as traffic stops. 没有人类，随着交通停止，噪音大幅下降。 4. The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. 那些被污染遮蔽多年的自然奇观，又重新显现了。 5. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote — let us permit nature to have her way. 也许我们应该记住蒙田写下的至理名言——让大自然顺其自然吧。 6. The panda was chosen because it is "an animal that is beautiful, endangered, and loved by many people in the world". 熊猫之所以被选中，是因为它是 “一种美丽、濒危，且深受世界人民喜爱的动物”。 7. With better understanding of panda protection, many farmers return part of their farmland to the forest. 随着对熊猫保护有了更好的理解，许多农民把一部分耕地归还给了森林。 8. The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals and plants. 他们居住的森林，也是许多其他动植物的家园。 语法 that和which引导的定语从句 写作 保护（濒危）动物 一、知识点精讲 1. human adj. 人的，人类的 【词汇辨析】 单词 用法 固定用法/ 搭配 例句 man n. 成年男子 n. 人类（泛指） man-made adj. 人造的 Man has always dreamed of flying. 人类一直梦想飞翔。 human n. 人类（物种上的，区别于动物） Humans need water to survive. 人类需要水才能生存。 adj. 人的，人类的 person n. 个人 personal adj. 个人的，私密的 in person 亲自 She’s a very kind person. 她是个很善良的人。 【写作句型升华】 ① My father is a man of few words, but his actions always speak louder than words. 我父亲是个寡言的人，但他的行动总是胜于言语。 ② Although man-made satellites are useful, we should not forget the beauty of nature. 尽管人造卫星很有用，但我们不应忘记大自然的美。 ③ Making mistakes is human; learning from them is wise. 犯错是人之常情，从中吸取教训才是明智的。 ④ A kind person is like sunshine, bringing warmth to everyone around. 一个善良的人就像阳光，给身边的每个人带来温暖。 2. drop v. 降低 【词性解析】 v. 投，丢，（道路、地面等）急剧向下倾斜，（使）掉落，减少，降低 n. 滴，少量；下降 【词汇变形】 drop v. 降低 → 过去式 dropped → dropped → 现在分词 dropping 【词组】 ① drop in 顺便走访 ② drop by 顺便拜访 ③ drop off 减少，让…下车 ④ a drop of 一滴… ⑤ drop out of 退学，从…中退出 【用法例句】 ① The number of cars in our city has dropped off since people began to take the bus. 自从人们开始坐公交，我们城市的汽车数量减少了。 ② Every drop of water is precious, so we should turn off the tap in time. 每一滴水都很珍贵，所以我们应该及时关水龙头。 ③ He never gave up and refused to drop out of the race, which moved everyone. 他从不放弃，拒绝退出比赛，这感动了所有人。 3. tourist n. 游客 【单词变形】 tour v./ n. 旅行，旅游 → tourist n. 游客；adj. 旅游的 → tourism n. 旅游业 【固定搭配】 ① tour guide 导游 ② sightseeing tour 观光旅游 ③ tourist industry / tourism industry 旅游业，旅游产业 ④ tourist destination 旅游胜地；旅游目的地；旅游景点 ⑤ tourist attraction 观光胜地 【写作句型升华】 ① A one-day tour around Dalian is a good way to experience both the sea and the city. 大连一日游是同时体验大海与城市的好方式。 ② As a tourist city, Dalian is famous for its clean beaches and friendly people. 作为一座旅游城市，大连以干净的海滩和友好的人民而闻名。 ③ Thanks to tourism, more and more people have come to know and love my hometown. 多亏了旅游业，越来越多的人了解并爱上了我的家乡。 ④ The local government is trying hard to develop the tourist industry in a green way. 当地政府正努力以绿色方式发展旅游产业。 ⑤ With its beautiful beaches and pleasant weather, Dalian is an ideal tourist destination in summer. 大连拥有美丽的海滩和宜人的天气，是夏季理想的旅游胜地。 4. benefit v. 收益，得益 【词汇变形】 benefit v. 收益，得益；n. 好处，益处 → beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的 【词组】 ① benefit from 得益于；得利于；因…而得到好处 ② of benefit to 对...有好处 【写作句型升华】 ① We can benefit a lot from reading English newspapers every day. 每天读英文报纸能让我们受益匪浅。 ② For the benefit of our environment, we should use fewer plastic bags. 为了环境的好处，我们应该少用塑料袋。 ③ Volunteering is beneficial not only to others but also to ourselves. 志愿服务不仅对他人有益，对我们自己也有益。 5. wonder n. 奇迹，奇观 【词汇变形】 wonder n. 奇迹，奇观 → wonderful adj. 绝妙的，极好的 【其他用法】 · wonder v. 好奇，想知道 【固定搭配】 ① wonder if 想知道是否，不知道 ② no wonder 难怪 ③ natural wonder 自然奇观 ④ man-made wonder 人造奇观 ⑤ wonder of the world 世界奇观 【写作句型升华】 ① I wonder if you could spare a few minutes to share your experience with us. 我想知道您能否抽出几分钟，和我们分享您的经历。 ② It is no wonder that Dalian has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in China, given its clean beaches and pleasant weather. 鉴于大连拥有干净的海滩和宜人的天气，难怪它会成为中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。 ③ What a wonderful time it was when we toured Dalian along the coast, enjoying the sea breeze and the sunshine!我们沿着海岸游览大连、享受海风和阳光的那段时光，真是美妙极了！（感叹句 + when定语从句 + 现在分词作伴随） 6. admire v. 欣赏，观赏 【词汇变形】 admire v. 钦佩，仰慕，欣赏 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 → admired adj. 受人钦佩的 【用法辨析】 · admirable = 值得被钦佩的（主动，事物本身的品质）→ 夸一个人的品质、行为，用 admirable； · admired = 被（大家）钦佩的（被动，受到赞赏的状态）→ 说某人“受人尊敬/钦佩”，用 admired。 【写作句型升华】 ① What I admire most about my English teacher is that she never gives up on any student. 我最钦佩我英语老师的地方，是她从不放弃任何一个学生。（What主语从句 + 表语从句） ② Facing such a difficult situation, it was admirable of him to stay calm and help others. 面对如此艰难的处境，他能保持冷静并帮助他人，令人钦佩。 7. mark n. 痕迹，标记 【词性解析】 · n. 痕迹，标识，记号，分数 · v. 做记号，做标记，是…的迹象 【课文原文】 Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth. 古往今来，人类在地球上留下了无数印记。 【写作句型升华】 ① There is no doubt that hard work will leave a deep mark on your future. 毫无疑问，努力会在你的未来留下深刻的印记。 ② Getting good marks is important, but it is not the only thing that matters. 取得好成绩很重要，但它并不是唯一重要的东西。 ③ Every small step you take today will mark the beginning of a better future. 你今天迈出的每一小步，都将标志着一个更美好未来的开始。 8. harm v. 伤害 【词性解析】 · n. 伤害，损害 · v. 危害，损害（某事物）；伤害（人或动物） 【单词变形】 harm v./ n 伤害 → harmful adj. 有害的 【词组】 do harm to sb 对某人造成伤害 【词汇辨析】 · hurt v. 使疼痛；使受伤；伤害感情 → 侧重身体上的疼痛或情感上的伤害，口语常用，可作及物和不及物动词。hurt 也可作形容词，“受伤的”。 e.g. ① My leg hurts. 我的腿疼。 ② What you said hurt her deeply. 你说的话深深伤害了她。 ③ He was badly hurt. · harm v. /n. 伤害，损害 → 侧重对事物、健康、利益、环境等的损害，较正式，多作及物动词或不可数名词，不表示身体疼痛。e.g. ① Smoking harms your health. 吸烟损害健康。 ② Plastic bags do harm to the environment. 塑料袋对环境有害。 【写作句型升华】 ① Only when we realize that pollution harms our health can we take action to protect the environment. 只有当我们意识到污染危害健康时，我们才能采取行动保护环境。（Only when + 部分倒装） ② It is time that we should take action to reduce the harm we have done to nature. 是我们采取行动减少对自然造成危害的时候了。 二、核心语法精讲 that和which引导的定语从句 1. that引导的定语从句 that引导的定语从句既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，that在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。例如： The film that tells of an adventure is very interesting. 那部关于探险的电影非常有趣。 （that在从句中作主语，从句修饰物） The writer that I like best is Mark Twain. 我最喜欢的作家是Mark Twain。 （that在从句中作宾语，从句修饰人） 2. which引导的定语从句 which引导的定语从句修饰的一般是物，which在从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语。例如： The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min. 在“城市与人”这组照片中，我们最喜爱的照片是由赵敏拍摄的。 A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and Away. 一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土与他乡”这一主题的奖项。 3. 定语从句引导词的省略 · 不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，通常就可以省略。例如： Did you go to the talk (that / which) the famous scientist gave at your school? 你去听那位著名科学家在你们学校做的演讲了吗？ Is that the car (that / which) you bought last month? 那是你上个月买的车吗？ A friend is a person (who / whom) you know very well and like. 朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。 在上面的句子中，第一句和第二句都省略了引导词that / which，第三句省略了引导词who / whom，因为它们在从句中分别作gave, bought, know和like的宾语。 · 引导词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，是因为省略后的从句仍然有主语和谓语，我们仍然可以分辨出哪部分是定语从句。但是，引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略，否则会造成结构混乱。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 【话题】 本单元围绕“人与自然和谐共生”展开，核心话题是人类和动植物在我们共同的家园——地球上的平衡共存，以及如何保护地球上的动物们。 【主题】 问题意识：野生动物面临栖息地减少、非法打猎、环境污染等生存危机； 保护意义：野生动物是生态系统的重要组成部分，保护野生动物就是保护人类自己； 行动担当：青少年应从身边做起，拒绝野生动物制品、宣传保护知识、参与志愿活动。 【例题】 所有生物都是地球的主人，人与动物共享同一家园。学校英语角正在举办主题为“Protecting Wild Animals”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍如何保护野生动物。内容包括： 1. 野生动物现在面临的问题（栖息地减少、打猎等）； 2. 我们需要保护野生动物的原因； 3. 作为学生，我们能为保护野生动物做些什么。 注意：1. 词数为80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：hunt（v. 打猎），ecosystem（n. 生态系统） Protecting Wild Animals The Earth is home to both humans and animals. _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 写作框架 本单元写作推荐 “总—分—总”三段式结构，多用一般现在时。 3. 写作素材 · 核心语法句型 语法点 例句 who 引导定语从句（先行词为人） We should care about the people who work hard to protect wildlife. that 引导定语从句（先行词为人或物） Wild animals are our friends that we should protect. which 引导定语从句（先行词为物） We must stop the actions which do harm to wild animals. who/that/which 在从句中作主语 The animals which/that live in the forest are losing their homes. 定语从句 + 原因状语从句 We should protect wild animals that are in danger because they keep the ecosystem balanced. 定语从句 + if条件句（主将从现） If we don't help the animals that are hunted, they will die out. 定语从句 + as long as条件句 As long as we protect the animals which share the Earth with us, our world will be more beautiful. · 话题词汇与短语 分类 词汇 野生动物名词 wild animals 野生动物 / wildlife 野生动植物 / endangered animals 濒危动物 / ecosystem 生态系统 / habitat 栖息地 / forest 森林 / ocean 海洋 面临问题 lose their homes 失去家园 / be hunted 被猎杀 / die out 灭绝 / in danger 处于危险中 / cut down trees 砍伐树木 / pollution 污染 保护动作 protect 保护 / save 拯救 / preserve 保存 / take action 采取行动 / make laws 制定法律 / set up reserves 建立保护区 / refuse to buy 拒绝购买 品质态度 responsibility 责任 / duty 职责 / care about 关心 / be friendly to 对……友好 / live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 倡议表达 call on sb to do 呼吁某人做 / make an effort to do 努力做 / it is our duty to do 做……是我们的责任 / join hands 携手 · 固定句型 1) In my opinion, ... 表达个人观点 e.g. In my opinion, protecting wild animals is protecting ourselves. 2) I believe that... 表达坚定信念 e.g. I believe that everyone can make a difference to wildlife protection. 3) It is our duty to do... 强调责任 e.g. It is our duty to protect wild animals and their homes. 4) Not only... but also... 并列递进 e.g. Wild animals are not only our friends but also an important part of the ecosystem. 5) There is no doubt that... 强调事实 e.g. There is no doubt that wild animals are in great danger now. 6) I call on everyone to... 发起倡议 e.g. I call on everyone to join us in protecting wild animals. 7) As long as we..., we can... 条件升华 e.g. As long as we work together, we can live in harmony with wild animals. 4. 范文背诵 【基础版】 Protecting Wild Animals The Earth is home to both humans and animals. However, wild animals are facing many problems today. Their homes are getting smaller because people cut down too many trees. Some animals are even hunted for their fur and meat. We need to protect wild animals because they are our friends. They are an important part of the ecosystem. If we don't protect them, they will die out, and our world will lose its color. As students, we can do something. First, we should refuse to buy products made from wild animals. Second, we can tell our family and friends about the importance of protecting wildlife. Third, we can join volunteer activities to help animals. I call on everyone to take action. As long as we work together, wild animals will have a better future! 【高分版】 Protecting Wild Animals The Earth is home to both humans and animals. Sadly, wild animals are now in great danger. Their habitats are becoming smaller and smaller because of deforestation and pollution. What's worse, many animals are hunted for their fur, meat or other body parts. There is no doubt that they need our help urgently. Why should we protect wild animals? First, they are an important part of the ecosystem. Every animal plays a role in keeping nature balanced. Second, animals are our friends on Earth. We share the same home with them. If we don't take action, more and more animals will die out, and finally we humans will suffer too. It is our duty to protect them. As students, we can make a difference. We should refuse to buy products made from wild animals. We can also spread the word about wildlife protection to our family and friends. Besides, joining volunteer activities is a good way to help. I call on everyone to join hands. As long as we each make a small effort, we can live in harmony with wild animals and keep our planet beautiful forever! 易错点01 时间介词in、throughout和during的用法辨析 【错因辨析】 介词 核心含义 时间特征 例句 in 在…期间（某段时间内） 泛指一段时间，不强调“从头到尾” We will have a sports meeting in May. during 在…期间（某个特定时期内的某时/某段） 强调“在某个特定时期之中”，可指整段也可指其中某一点 He fell asleep during the film. throughout 贯穿…始终、自始至终 强调“从头到尾持续不断”，语气最强 It rained throughout the night. 【对点训练】 1．Mr Wang usually has lunch ________ noon. But on days when he has a lot of work, sometimes he has it ________ the break between classes. A．at; during B．in; at C．on; during D．at; on 2．We will go on a school trip ________ May, and we hope it won't rain ________ the whole trip. A．in; during　　 B．during; throughout　　C．on; in　　 D．in; throughout 3．________ the summer holiday, I read three books. It was hot ________ the holiday, but I still enjoyed myself. A．During; throughout　B．In; during　　 C．Throughout; in　　 D．During; in 易错点02 remain做系动词和情态动词的用法错用 【错因辨析】 用法 词义 后接成分 例句 系动词 保持、仍然是 表语（形容词/名词/分词/介词短语） He remained silent at the meeting. 实义动词 剩下、留下、停留 单独作谓语，或接介词短语/副词 Only a few apples remain on the tree. 【对点训练】 1．Father’s words remain ________ in my memory to this day. A．clearly B．clear C．to clear D．clearing 2．After listening to the moving story, everyone in the classroom remained ________ for a while and then cheered warmly. A．awake B．absent C．alive D．silent 3．The palace caught fires three times in the last century and little of the original buildings ________ now. A．is remaining B．is remained C．remains D．has been remained 一、单项选择 1．— Why do you________ the scientist so much? — Because he has spent most of his life helping others. A．admire B．invite C．follow D．believe 2．I’ll never forget the people and things ________ I met in my junior high school. A．who B．what C．which D．that 3．Have you ever spoken to the people ________ live next door？ A．which B．who C．whom D．where 4．Overuse of plastic ________ serious water pollution in many rivers and oceans. A．leads to B．turns to C．belongs to D．adds to 5．Many wild species are ________ now because of human activities. A．in public B．in danger C．in common D．in surprise 6．________ climate change, many arctic animals are losing their living areas. A．Instead of B．According to C．Because of D．In front of 7．It is our duty to ________ endangered animals from being killed. A．hunt B．protect C．watch D．feed 8．—I think we should reduce the use of single-use products to protect the environment. —I totally ________ you. A．get along with B．agree with C．catch up with D．come up with 9．We should keep a good ________ between work and life to stay healthy. A．balance B．promise C．record D．secret 10．The local government has made strict rules to protect ________ wild animals and plants. A．endangered B．wealthy C．old-fashioned D．tiny 11．Global environmental problems need the ________ from every country around the world. A．punishment B．protection C．population D．background 12．________, Chinese paper cutting is a treasure of our culture and has a long history. A．Hopefully B．Undoubtedly C．Luckily D．Directly 二、单词拼写 1．A ________ (tour) tried to pick up the empty bottles on the beach to make it clean. 2．The forest gives ________ (protect) to many animals from danger. 3．Some ________ (guard) take turns to watch around the area every day. 4．Staying up late every night is really ________ to your health, so you had better always go to bed much earlier from now on. (harm) 5．Taking exercise is one of the best ________ (way) to relax ourselves. 6．It’s ________ (help) to take a short break when you feel tired. 7．Our world today is really changing so ________ that we can hardly keep up with the new ideas and things around us every day. (rapid) 8．The _________ wonders of the world attract millions of visitors. (nature) 9．The city is famous for its _________ old streets. (wonder) 10．People who drop litter in the park will be ________ by the city, because keeping our public places clean and tidy is everyone’s duty. (punish) 11．We should avoid ________ (spend) too much time on mobile phones. 12．Too much homework makes many students feel ________ (stress). 三、完成句子 1．贵州是一个有着丰富的传统民族文化的省份。 Guizhou is a province ________ ________ rich traditional ethnic cultures. 2．越来越多的人开始意识到与自然和谐共处的重要性。 More and more people are beginning to realise the importance of ________ ________ ________ ________ nature. 3．我们不能随心所欲，污染河流。 We can’t ________ ________ ________ and pollute rivers. 4．多年来, 中国政府为改善民生付出了巨大努力。 China’s government ________ ________ ________ ________ to improve people’s lives over the years. 5．亚马孙雨林是许多动植物的家园。 The Amazon rainforest ________ ________ ________ many animals and plants. 6．这枚古钱币被珍藏为家族珍贵宝物。 The old coin ________ ________ ________ a precious family treasure. 四、阅读理解 A Nanjing is the only city along the main stream of the Yangtze River where people can watch finless porpoises from a riverside platform almost all year round. Local people call them “smiling angels” because of the shape of their mouths. Twenty years ago, however, few people in the city had ever seen one. The river was busy with ships, and the water near the shore was often dirty. “When I was a child, my father told me stories about the porpoises, but I never saw one myself,” says Wang Lei, a 38-year-old teacher who now leads a weekend watching group. Things began to change in 2016, when the city started to clean up the river and close small factories along the bank. Fishing was banned in the main stream, and several old docks were turned into parks. Slowly, the porpoises came back. Today, Wang Lei’s group has more than 300 members. They record what they see and send the information to scientists. “We are not experts,” Wang says. “But 300 pairs of eyes are better than one.” Their records show that the number of porpoises near the city has grown from about 20 in 2016 to more than 60 in 2026. The group also works with fishermen who once made a living on the river. Some of them have become boat drivers for the watching groups. “I used to catch fish,” one of them says. “Now I take people to see the fish. It is a better way to make a living, and the river looks younger than it did twenty years ago.” 1．Why are finless porpoises called “smiling angels”? A．They swim very fast in the river. B．The shape of their mouths looks like a smile. C．They often jump out of the water. D．They are as white as angels’ wings. 2．What happened in Nanjing in 2016? A．A new dock was built by the river. B．The city began to clean up the river. C．Fishing was allowed again in the main stream. D．Wang Lei became a science teacher. 3．What is the main job of Wang Lei’s group? A．Catching fish for local markets. B．Teaching students how to swim in the Yangtze River. C．Building new docks along the river. D．Recording porpoises and sending data to scientists. 4．What do the fisherman’s words in the last paragraph suggest? A．Fishing is not a hard job any more. B．Porpoises are much more useful than fish. C．Protecting the river can bring new ways of living. D．Driving a boat is much easier than fishing. B Should a national park be open to visitors? Two experts share their views. Dr Lin (park researcher): Yes, and we should welcome them. A park that no one ever sees is easy to forget, and what people forget, they stop protecting. When visitors walk along a wooden path and see a deer drinking by a lake, they begin to understand why this land matters. Visitor fees also pay the salaries of rangers and help local families earn a living. In several parks, former herders now work as guides or run small guesthouses. Of course, numbers must be controlled: we set a daily limit and close some areas during the breeding season. Mr Zhou (environmental writer): I agree that people need to see nature, but I am worried about the word “welcome”. Last year, a popular lake in the west received more than three million visitors in three months. Trails were widened, trees were cut, and rubbish was left behind. The animals did not leave because they were hunted; they left because they were disturbed. If we truly love a place, sometimes the kindest thing is to stay away from it and let it breathe. Instead of building more hotels inside parks, we should build better museums and live-streaming cameras in cities. Both experts agree on one thing: the question is not “yes or no”, but “how much”—and that is a balance each park must find for itself. 1．What is Dr Lin’s main opinion? A．National parks should be closed to visitors. B．Visitors can help protect national parks. C．Only scientists should enter national parks. D．Visitor fees should be lowered at once. 2．What worried Mr Zhou about the popular lake? A．Too many visitors damaged the environment. B．The lake was too far from the city. C．Scientists refused to study the lake. D．There were not enough guesthouses. 3．What does Mr Zhou suggest instead of building hotels in parks? A．Building museums and live-streaming cameras. B．Closing all national parks forever. C．Moving the animals to city zoos. D．Charging visitors much higher fees. 4．What do the two experts agree on? A．The real question is how much visiting is acceptable. B．National parks should never receive visitors. C．All parks should be managed in the same way. D．Visitors should be allowed only in winter. 第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Hills of Beauty Have you ever seen pictures of ancient ruins (遗址) or very old buildings? What did they look like? How did you feel when you saw them? The Sacred Valley of the Incas (印加圣谷) is a beautiful place in Peru, South America.   1 That city was once the capital of the Inca Empire (印加帝国). The valley is famous for its history and culture. The Sacred Valley was important to the Incas. They used the land for farming because the soil was rich and the climate was good. 2 Today, you can still see the terraces (梯田). They are like steps on the mountainsides. They look so amazing that people can’t keep their eyes off them. 3 Many people there still speak Quechua, the language of the Incas. There are also many markets. People sell colorful textiles (纺织品) there. Local people celebrate many cultural festivals all year. Visitors can learn about the Inca way of life and watch traditional dances and listen to traditional music. The landscapes in the Sacred Valley are breathtaking. There are green fields, rivers and ancient ruins. 4 They come to hike, explore and enjoy nature. The Sacred Valley is really special and serves as a bridge connecting the past and present. A．The valley’s beauty attracts many tourists. B．It lies in the Andes Mountains, close to Cusco. C．The valley is famous for its delicious local food. D．The culture in the Sacred Valley is rich and still alive. E．The Incas grew many crops there, like corn and potatoes. 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For millions of years, the Przewalski’s horse ran free on the grasslands of Asia. But by the 1980s, this ancient animal had 1 from the wild in China. Scientists feared that it might be lost forever. The good news came from a surprising place: zoos. In 1985, China started a programme to bring the horses back. Twenty-four horses were 2 from Europe and carefully raised in a centre in Xinjiang. Bringing a species back is not easy. The horses had to 3 how to live in the wild again—how to find water, how to stay away from wolves, and how to survive cold winters. At first, the young horses did not know how to 4 themselves, and some of them were hurt. The team did not give up. They watched the horses day and night, and slowly learned what the animals 5 . In 2001, the first group was set free. Since then, more than 700 horses have been born in the wild. “When I saw a young horse running across the grassland for the first time,” says a team member, “I could not 6 my tears.” But success brings new 7 . The horses need large areas of grassland, and local herders also need land for their sheep and cattle. “We cannot simply take land away from people,” says a scientist. “The real 8 is to find a balance between protecting animals and supporting local families.” Today, the team works with herders to plan grazing areas. Some herders have become 9 who help protect the horses. “The horses bring visitors, and visitors bring income,” one herder says. “We have learned that nature and people can 10 together.” 1．A．appeared B．disappeared C．returned D．grown 2．A．brought B．sent C．taken D．driven 3．A．forget B．refuse C．learn D．promise 4．A．express B．teach C．enjoy D．protect 5．A．needed B．feared C．sold D．drew 6．A．turn down B．give up C．put on D．hold back 7．A．friends B．chances C．problems D．rules 8．A．question B．challenge C．answer D．reason 9．A．guides B．drivers C．teachers D．guards 10．A．play B．work C．live D．study 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面的材料，根据内容回答问题。 On 26th December, 2020, China passed a new law to protect the Yangtze River, the “mother river” of China. It is the Yangtze River Protection Law. It took effect (生效) on 1st March, 2021. It’s the first law to protect a waterway in China. The 6,300-kilometre Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It covers an area of about 1.8 million square kilometres, about one fifth of the national total. The Yangtze River provides one third of the country’s freshwater resources (资源), but it has met lots of environmental problems in recent years, such as heavy pollution and overfishing. Especially, the river’s Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) has died out. So the “mother river” is in great need of protection. To solve these problems, China put a 10-year fishing ban (禁令) to protect fish resources. According to a report of the government, the fishermen said they would give up fishing along the Yangtze River to protect the “mother river”. Chinese official Han Zheng said that more support should be given to the fishermen to help them find new jobs and places to live. The Yangtze River Protection Law includes resource protection and green development. The government says the purpose of the new law is to strengthen (加强) environmental protection, use resources well and make the development sustainable (可持续的). 1．What is the first law to protect a waterway in China? 2．Why does the Yangtze River need protection? 3．What does the new law include? 4．What can you do to protect the river in your city? Write 30 words or more. 七、书面表达 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办以“保护自然，从我做起”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，用英文写一篇短文，介绍你对人与自然关系的看法并提出建议。 内容包括： 人与自然的关系（相互依存）； 人类活动对自然的影响（至少两点）； 呼吁大家保护自然。 要求：词数80~100词；必须使用至少两个由that/which/who引导的定语从句，以及以下至少三个表达：cut down, pollution, get along with, natural wonders, in balance。 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 My View on Protecting Nature _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 A fine balance 主 题 场 景 词 汇 1. human adj. 人的，人类的 2. drop v. 降低 3. tourist n. 游客 4. benefit v. 受益，得益 5. wonder n. 奇迹，奇观 6. admire v. 欣赏，观赏 7. throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 8. mark n. 痕迹；标记 9. rapid adj. 快速的，迅速的 10. society n. 社会 11. cancel v. 取消 12. permit v. 允许 13. affect v. 影响 14. organisation n. 组织，团体，机构 15. harm v. 伤害 16. punish v. 处罚，惩罚 17. global warming 全球变暖 18. rubbish n. 垃圾 19. overfish v. 过度捕捞 20. gas n. 气，气体 21. greenhouse gases 温室气体 22. square adj. 平方的 23. logging n. 伐木 24. solar panel 太阳能电池板 25. microphone n. 麦克风，话筒，传声器，扩音器 26. alarm n. 警报 27. guard n. 警卫；门卫 28. foreigner n. 外国人 29. logo n. 标识，标志，徽标 30. endangered adj. 濒危的，濒临灭绝的 31. vulnerable adj. 易受伤的 32. protection n. 保护 33. farmland n. 农田，耕地 短 语 1. depend on 依赖，取决于 2. each other 互相 3. the relationship with 和…的关系 4. influence on 对…有影响 5. sth happen to sb 某人发生某事 6. be full of 充满… 7. cut down 砍倒，减少 8. take back 收回 9. natural wonder 自然奇观 10. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 11. once again 再一次，又一次 12. throughout history 有史以来 13. star over 重新开始，从头来过 14. get along with 与…相处（融洽） 15. the rapid development of …的迅速发展 16. in fact 事实上 17. look for 寻找 18. make great effort （做出）努力 19. set up 建立 20. hundreds of 成百上千的 21. plant tree 植树 22. be home to 是…的家园 实 用 句 型 1. What would happen to the natural world if people were gone? 如果人类消失了，自然界会发生什么？ 2. It is no surprise that animals soon increase in number. 动物数量很快增加，这并不奇怪。 3. Without humans, the noise drops greatly as traffic stops. 没有人类，随着交通停止，噪音大幅下降。 4. The natural wonders which have been hidden by pollution for years appear again. 那些被污染遮蔽多年的自然奇观，又重新显现了。 5. Perhaps we should remember the wise words which Montaigne once wrote — let us permit nature to have her way. 也许我们应该记住蒙田写下的至理名言——让大自然顺其自然吧。 6. The panda was chosen because it is "an animal that is beautiful, endangered, and loved by many people in the world". 熊猫之所以被选中，是因为它是 “一种美丽、濒危，且深受世界人民喜爱的动物”。 7. With better understanding of panda protection, many farmers return part of their farmland to the forest. 随着对熊猫保护有了更好的理解，许多农民把一部分耕地归还给了森林。 8. The forests that they live in are also home to many other animals and plants. 他们居住的森林，也是许多其他动植物的家园。 语法 that和which引导的定语从句 写作 保护（濒危）动物 一、知识点精讲 1. human adj. 人的，人类的 【词汇辨析】 单词 用法 固定用法/ 搭配 例句 man n. 成年男子 n. 人类（泛指） man-made adj. 人造的 Man has always dreamed of flying. 人类一直梦想飞翔。 human n. 人类（物种上的，区别于动物） Humans need water to survive. 人类需要水才能生存。 adj. 人的，人类的 person n. 个人 personal adj. 个人的，私密的 in person 亲自 She’s a very kind person. 她是个很善良的人。 【写作句型升华】 ① My father is a man of few words, but his actions always speak louder than words. 我父亲是个寡言的人，但他的行动总是胜于言语。 ② Although man-made satellites are useful, we should not forget the beauty of nature. 尽管人造卫星很有用，但我们不应忘记大自然的美。 ③ Making mistakes is human; learning from them is wise. 犯错是人之常情，从中吸取教训才是明智的。 ④ A kind person is like sunshine, bringing warmth to everyone around. 一个善良的人就像阳光，给身边的每个人带来温暖。 2. drop v. 降低 【词性解析】 v. 投，丢，（道路、地面等）急剧向下倾斜，（使）掉落，减少，降低 n. 滴，少量；下降 【词汇变形】 drop v. 降低 → 过去式 dropped → dropped → 现在分词 dropping 【词组】 ① drop in 顺便走访 ② drop by 顺便拜访 ③ drop off 减少，让…下车 ④ a drop of 一滴… ⑤ drop out of 退学，从…中退出 【用法例句】 ① The number of cars in our city has dropped off since people began to take the bus. 自从人们开始坐公交，我们城市的汽车数量减少了。 ② Every drop of water is precious, so we should turn off the tap in time. 每一滴水都很珍贵，所以我们应该及时关水龙头。 ③ He never gave up and refused to drop out of the race, which moved everyone. 他从不放弃，拒绝退出比赛，这感动了所有人。 3. tourist n. 游客 【单词变形】 tour v./ n. 旅行，旅游 → tourist n. 游客；adj. 旅游的 → tourism n. 旅游业 【固定搭配】 ① tour guide 导游 ② sightseeing tour 观光旅游 ③ tourist industry / tourism industry 旅游业，旅游产业 ④ tourist destination 旅游胜地；旅游目的地；旅游景点 ⑤ tourist attraction 观光胜地 【写作句型升华】 ① A one-day tour around Dalian is a good way to experience both the sea and the city. 大连一日游是同时体验大海与城市的好方式。 ② As a tourist city, Dalian is famous for its clean beaches and friendly people. 作为一座旅游城市，大连以干净的海滩和友好的人民而闻名。 ③ Thanks to tourism, more and more people have come to know and love my hometown. 多亏了旅游业，越来越多的人了解并爱上了我的家乡。 ④ The local government is trying hard to develop the tourist industry in a green way. 当地政府正努力以绿色方式发展旅游产业。 ⑤ With its beautiful beaches and pleasant weather, Dalian is an ideal tourist destination in summer. 大连拥有美丽的海滩和宜人的天气，是夏季理想的旅游胜地。 4. benefit v. 收益，得益 【词汇变形】 benefit v. 收益，得益；n. 好处，益处 → beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的 【词组】 ① benefit from 得益于；得利于；因…而得到好处 ② of benefit to 对...有好处 【写作句型升华】 ① We can benefit a lot from reading English newspapers every day. 每天读英文报纸能让我们受益匪浅。 ② For the benefit of our environment, we should use fewer plastic bags. 为了环境的好处，我们应该少用塑料袋。 ③ Volunteering is beneficial not only to others but also to ourselves. 志愿服务不仅对他人有益，对我们自己也有益。 5. wonder n. 奇迹，奇观 【词汇变形】 wonder n. 奇迹，奇观 → wonderful adj. 绝妙的，极好的 【其他用法】 · wonder v. 好奇，想知道 【固定搭配】 ① wonder if 想知道是否，不知道 ② no wonder 难怪 ③ natural wonder 自然奇观 ④ man-made wonder 人造奇观 ⑤ wonder of the world 世界奇观 【写作句型升华】 ① I wonder if you could spare a few minutes to share your experience with us. 我想知道您能否抽出几分钟，和我们分享您的经历。 ② It is no wonder that Dalian has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in China, given its clean beaches and pleasant weather. 鉴于大连拥有干净的海滩和宜人的天气，难怪它会成为中国最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。 ③ What a wonderful time it was when we toured Dalian along the coast, enjoying the sea breeze and the sunshine!我们沿着海岸游览大连、享受海风和阳光的那段时光，真是美妙极了！（感叹句 + when定语从句 + 现在分词作伴随） 6. admire v. 欣赏，观赏 【词汇变形】 admire v. 钦佩，仰慕，欣赏 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 → admired adj. 受人钦佩的 【用法辨析】 · admirable = 值得被钦佩的（主动，事物本身的品质）→ 夸一个人的品质、行为，用 admirable； · admired = 被（大家）钦佩的（被动，受到赞赏的状态）→ 说某人“受人尊敬/钦佩”，用 admired。 【写作句型升华】 ① What I admire most about my English teacher is that she never gives up on any student. 我最钦佩我英语老师的地方，是她从不放弃任何一个学生。（What主语从句 + 表语从句） ② Facing such a difficult situation, it was admirable of him to stay calm and help others. 面对如此艰难的处境，他能保持冷静并帮助他人，令人钦佩。 7. mark n. 痕迹，标记 【词性解析】 · n. 痕迹，标识，记号，分数 · v. 做记号，做标记，是…的迹象 【课文原文】 Throughout history, humans have left so many marks on the earth. 古往今来，人类在地球上留下了无数印记。 【写作句型升华】 ① There is no doubt that hard work will leave a deep mark on your future. 毫无疑问，努力会在你的未来留下深刻的印记。 ② Getting good marks is important, but it is not the only thing that matters. 取得好成绩很重要，但它并不是唯一重要的东西。 ③ Every small step you take today will mark the beginning of a better future. 你今天迈出的每一小步，都将标志着一个更美好未来的开始。 8. harm v. 伤害 【词性解析】 · n. 伤害，损害 · v. 危害，损害（某事物）；伤害（人或动物） 【单词变形】 harm v./ n 伤害 → harmful adj. 有害的 【词组】 do harm to sb 对某人造成伤害 【词汇辨析】 · hurt v. 使疼痛；使受伤；伤害感情 → 侧重身体上的疼痛或情感上的伤害，口语常用，可作及物和不及物动词。hurt 也可作形容词，“受伤的”。 e.g. ① My leg hurts. 我的腿疼。 ② What you said hurt her deeply. 你说的话深深伤害了她。 ③ He was badly hurt. · harm v. /n. 伤害，损害 → 侧重对事物、健康、利益、环境等的损害，较正式，多作及物动词或不可数名词，不表示身体疼痛。e.g. ① Smoking harms your health. 吸烟损害健康。 ② Plastic bags do harm to the environment. 塑料袋对环境有害。 【写作句型升华】 ① Only when we realize that pollution harms our health can we take action to protect the environment. 只有当我们意识到污染危害健康时，我们才能采取行动保护环境。（Only when + 部分倒装） ② It is time that we should take action to reduce the harm we have done to nature. 是我们采取行动减少对自然造成危害的时候了。 二、核心语法精讲 that和which引导的定语从句 1. that引导的定语从句 that引导的定语从句既可以修饰人，也可以修饰物，that在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。例如： The film that tells of an adventure is very interesting. 那部关于探险的电影非常有趣。 （that在从句中作主语，从句修饰物） The writer that I like best is Mark Twain. 我最喜欢的作家是Mark Twain。 （that在从句中作宾语，从句修饰人） 2. which引导的定语从句 which引导的定语从句修饰的一般是物，which在从句中可以作主语，也可以作宾语。例如： The photo which we liked best in the City and People group was taken by Zhao Min. 在“城市与人”这组照片中，我们最喜爱的照片是由赵敏拍摄的。 A group of photos which show Beijing and Cambridge in England has won the prize for the subject Home and Away. 一组展示北京和英国剑桥的照片赢得了“故土与他乡”这一主题的奖项。 3. 定语从句引导词的省略 · 不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物，如果引导词在从句中作宾语，通常就可以省略。例如： Did you go to the talk (that / which) the famous scientist gave at your school? 你去听那位著名科学家在你们学校做的演讲了吗？ Is that the car (that / which) you bought last month? 那是你上个月买的车吗？ A friend is a person (who / whom) you know very well and like. 朋友是你十分了解并且喜欢的人。 在上面的句子中，第一句和第二句都省略了引导词that / which，第三句省略了引导词who / whom，因为它们在从句中分别作gave, bought, know和like的宾语。 · 引导词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，是因为省略后的从句仍然有主语和谓语，我们仍然可以分辨出哪部分是定语从句。但是，引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略，否则会造成结构混乱。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 【话题】 本单元围绕“人与自然和谐共生”展开，核心话题是人类和动植物在我们共同的家园——地球上的平衡共存，以及如何保护地球上的动物们。 【主题】 问题意识：野生动物面临栖息地减少、非法打猎、环境污染等生存危机； 保护意义：野生动物是生态系统的重要组成部分，保护野生动物就是保护人类自己； 行动担当：青少年应从身边做起，拒绝野生动物制品、宣传保护知识、参与志愿活动。 【例题】 所有生物都是地球的主人，人与动物共享同一家园。学校英语角正在举办主题为“Protecting Wild Animals”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,介绍如何保护野生动物。内容包括： 1. 野生动物现在面临的问题（栖息地减少、打猎等）； 2. 我们需要保护野生动物的原因； 3. 作为学生，我们能为保护野生动物做些什么。 注意：1. 词数为80 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：hunt（v. 打猎），ecosystem（n. 生态系统） Protecting Wild Animals The Earth is home to both humans and animals. _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 写作框架 本单元写作推荐 “总—分—总”三段式结构，多用一般现在时。 3. 写作素材 · 核心语法句型 语法点 例句 who 引导定语从句（先行词为人） We should care about the people who work hard to protect wildlife. that 引导定语从句（先行词为人或物） Wild animals are our friends that we should protect. which 引导定语从句（先行词为物） We must stop the actions which do harm to wild animals. who/that/which 在从句中作主语 The animals which/that live in the forest are losing their homes. 定语从句 + 原因状语从句 We should protect wild animals that are in danger because they keep the ecosystem balanced. 定语从句 + if条件句（主将从现） If we don't help the animals that are hunted, they will die out. 定语从句 + as long as条件句 As long as we protect the animals which share the Earth with us, our world will be more beautiful. · 话题词汇与短语 分类 词汇 野生动物名词 wild animals 野生动物 / wildlife 野生动植物 / endangered animals 濒危动物 / ecosystem 生态系统 / habitat 栖息地 / forest 森林 / ocean 海洋 面临问题 lose their homes 失去家园 / be hunted 被猎杀 / die out 灭绝 / in danger 处于危险中 / cut down trees 砍伐树木 / pollution 污染 保护动作 protect 保护 / save 拯救 / preserve 保存 / take action 采取行动 / make laws 制定法律 / set up reserves 建立保护区 / refuse to buy 拒绝购买 品质态度 responsibility 责任 / duty 职责 / care about 关心 / be friendly to 对……友好 / live in harmony with 与……和谐相处 倡议表达 call on sb to do 呼吁某人做 / make an effort to do 努力做 / it is our duty to do 做……是我们的责任 / join hands 携手 · 固定句型 1) In my opinion, ... 表达个人观点 e.g. In my opinion, protecting wild animals is protecting ourselves. 2) I believe that... 表达坚定信念 e.g. I believe that everyone can make a difference to wildlife protection. 3) It is our duty to do... 强调责任 e.g. It is our duty to protect wild animals and their homes. 4) Not only... but also... 并列递进 e.g. Wild animals are not only our friends but also an important part of the ecosystem. 5) There is no doubt that... 强调事实 e.g. There is no doubt that wild animals are in great danger now. 6) I call on everyone to... 发起倡议 e.g. I call on everyone to join us in protecting wild animals. 7) As long as we..., we can... 条件升华 e.g. As long as we work together, we can live in harmony with wild animals. 4. 范文背诵 【基础版】 Protecting Wild Animals The Earth is home to both humans and animals. However, wild animals are facing many problems today. Their homes are getting smaller because people cut down too many trees. Some animals are even hunted for their fur and meat. We need to protect wild animals because they are our friends. They are an important part of the ecosystem. If we don't protect them, they will die out, and our world will lose its color. As students, we can do something. First, we should refuse to buy products made from wild animals. Second, we can tell our family and friends about the importance of protecting wildlife. Third, we can join volunteer activities to help animals. I call on everyone to take action. As long as we work together, wild animals will have a better future! 【高分版】 Protecting Wild Animals The Earth is home to both humans and animals. Sadly, wild animals are now in great danger. Their habitats are becoming smaller and smaller because of deforestation and pollution. What's worse, many animals are hunted for their fur, meat or other body parts. There is no doubt that they need our help urgently. Why should we protect wild animals? First, they are an important part of the ecosystem. Every animal plays a role in keeping nature balanced. Second, animals are our friends on Earth. We share the same home with them. If we don't take action, more and more animals will die out, and finally we humans will suffer too. It is our duty to protect them. As students, we can make a difference. We should refuse to buy products made from wild animals. We can also spread the word about wildlife protection to our family and friends. Besides, joining volunteer activities is a good way to help. I call on everyone to join hands. As long as we each make a small effort, we can live in harmony with wild animals and keep our planet beautiful forever! 易错点01 时间介词in、throughout和during的用法辨析 【错因辨析】 介词 核心含义 时间特征 例句 in 在…期间（某段时间内） 泛指一段时间，不强调“从头到尾” We will have a sports meeting in May. during 在…期间（某个特定时期内的某时/某段） 强调“在某个特定时期之中”，可指整段也可指其中某一点 He fell asleep during the film. throughout 贯穿…始终、自始至终 强调“从头到尾持续不断”，语气最强 It rained throughout the night. 【对点训练】 1．Mr Wang usually has lunch ________ noon. But on days when he has a lot of work, sometimes he has it ________ the break between classes. A．at; during B．in; at C．on; during D．at; on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：王先生通常在中午吃午饭。但是在他工作很多的日子里，有时他会在课间休息时吃午饭。 考查介词辨析。at在具体的时刻或地点；in在……里面，一般用于表示较长的时间段，如年、月、季节等；on在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上；during在……期间。根据语境可知，第一个空，“noon”表示“中午”，是一个具体的时刻，所以前面应该用介词“at”；第二个空，“the break between classes”表示“课间休息”，是一个时间段，但此处强调的是在这个时间段内发生的动作，所以应该用“during”来表示“在……期间”。故选A。 2．We will go on a school trip ________ May, and we hope it won't rain ________ the whole trip. A．in; during　　 B．during; throughout　　C．on; in　　 D．in; throughout 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们将在五月去学校旅行，我们希望整个旅行期间都不要下雨。考查介词辨析。in 用于表示较长的时间段（年、月、季节等），第一个空后是"May（五月）"，表示月份，故用 in；during 表示"在……期间"，强调某个特定时期中的某时或某段；throughout 表示"贯穿……始终、自始至终"，强调从头到尾持续不断。第二个空后有"the whole trip（整个旅行）"，强调"全程自始至终"，故用 throughout。故选 D。 3．________ the summer holiday, I read three books. It was hot ________ the holiday, but I still enjoyed myself. A．During; throughout　B．In; during　　 C．Throughout; in　　 D．During; in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：暑假期间，我读了三本书。整个假期天气都很热，但我仍然玩得很开心。考查介词辨析。during 表示"在……期间"，强调在某个特定时期之中，第一个空后是"the summer holiday（暑假）"，指特定时期，故用 during；throughout 表示"贯穿……始终"，强调从头到尾，第二个空后有"the holiday（整个假期）"，强调假期全程都很热，故用 throughout。注意：in 虽也可表示"在……期间"，但多用于泛指的时间段（如 in summer），此处两个空均强调特定时期或全程，故不选 in。故选 A。 易错点02 remain做系动词和情态动词的用法错用 【错因辨析】 用法 词义 后接成分 例句 系动词 保持、仍然是 表语（形容词/名词/分词/介词短语） He remained silent at the meeting. 实义动词 剩下、留下、停留 单独作谓语，或接介词短语/副词 Only a few apples remain on the tree. 【对点训练】 1．Father’s words remain ________ in my memory to this day. A．clearly B．clear C．to clear D．clearing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：父亲的话至今仍清晰留在我的记忆里。   clearly清晰地（副词）；clear清晰的（形容词）；to clear清除，清理（动词不定式）；clearing清除，清理（现在分词/动名词）。remain在此为系动词，后接形容词clear作表语，表示“保持清晰”。故选用clear。 2．After listening to the moving story, everyone in the classroom remained ________ for a while and then cheered warmly. A．awake B．absent C．alive D．silent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：听完这个感人的故事后，教室里的每个人都保持沉默了一会儿，然后热烈欢呼。 awake醒着的；absent缺席的；alive活着的；silent沉默的。根据“After listening to the moving story”及“then cheered warmly”可知，大家被故事感动，先沉默片刻再欢呼，符合逻辑。应填silent。 3．The palace caught fires three times in the last century and little of the original buildings ________ now. A．is remaining B．is remained C．remains D．has been remained 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这座宫殿在上个世纪发生了三次火灾，现在原有的建筑几乎没有留下。 考查一般现在时。分析“little of the original buildings...now”可知，主语little of the original buildings和动词remain“仍然存在”之间是主动关系，且此处表示事实，应用一般现在时。故选C。 一、单项选择 1．— Why do you________ the scientist so much? — Because he has spent most of his life helping others. A．admire B．invite C．follow D．believe 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么如此敬佩这位科学家？——因为他把一生大部分时间都用来帮助别人。 admire敬佩；invite邀请；follow跟随；believe相信。根据答句可知，这里表达敬佩科学家的含义，admire符合语境。 2．I’ll never forget the people and things ________ I met in my junior high school. A．who B．what C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我在初中遇到的人和事。 who先行词只能是人；what不能引导定语从句；which先行词只能是物；that先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。根据“the people and things”可知，先行词同时包含人和物时，定语从句的关系代词只能用that。 3．Have you ever spoken to the people ________ live next door？ A．which B．who C．whom D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你曾经和住在隔壁的人说过话吗？ which哪个；who谁；whom谁（宾格）；where哪里。此处为定语从句，先行词为“the people”，指人且在从句中作主语，需用who引导定语从句。 4．Overuse of plastic ________ serious water pollution in many rivers and oceans. A．leads to B．turns to C．belongs to D．adds to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：过度使用塑料导致许多河流和海洋出现严重的水污染。 leads to导致；turns to转向；belongs to属于；adds to增加。前文“Overuse of plastic”是原因，后文“serious water pollution”是结果，即过度使用塑料“导致”水污染，应用leads to。 5．Many wild species are ________ now because of human activities. A．in public B．in danger C．in common D．in surprise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于人类活动，许多野生物种现在处于危险之中。 in public在公共场合，in danger处于危险中，in common共有、共同，in surprise惊讶地。根据“because of human activities”可知，人类活动通常会对野生动物的生存造成威胁。结合语境，此处应表示物种面临风险，in danger符合句意逻辑。应填in danger。 6．________ climate change, many arctic animals are losing their living areas. A．Instead of B．According to C．Because of D．In front of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于气候变化，许多北极动物正在失去它们的生存区域。 Instead of而不是；According to根据；Because of因为；In front of在……前面。气候变化是很多北极动物失去栖息地的原因，前后句为因果关系，前者是后者的原因，Because of后接名词短语表示原因，符合语境。 7．It is our duty to ________ endangered animals from being killed. A．hunt B．protect C．watch D．feed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：保护濒危动物免受杀害是我们的责任。 hunt捕猎；protect保护；watch观看；feed喂养。根据“endangered animals from being killed”可知，此处指保护动物免受杀害，固定搭配“protect...from...”意为“保护……免受……”。 8．—I think we should reduce the use of single-use products to protect the environment. —I totally ________ you. A．get along with B．agree with C．catch up with D．come up with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我认为我们应该减少一次性产品的使用来保护环境。——我完全同意你的看法。 get along with与……相处；agree with同意（某人）；catch up with赶上；come up with想出。根据上下文语境，此处表达赞同对方的观点，选agree with。 9．We should keep a good ________ between work and life to stay healthy. A．balance B．promise C．record D．secret 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该保持工作和生活的良好平衡以保持健康。 balance平衡；promise承诺；record记录；secret秘密。空格后“between work and life to stay healthy”提示，为了保持健康，需要在工作与生活之间保持平衡。 10．The local government has made strict rules to protect ________ wild animals and plants. A．endangered B．wealthy C．old-fashioned D．tiny 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当地政府制定了严格的规则来保护濒危的野生动植物。 endangered濒危的；wealthy富有的；old-fashioned过时的；tiny微小的。根据“made strict rules to protect...wild animals and plants.”可知，政府制定严格规则通常是为了保护处于危险中的物种，endangered 符合语境逻辑。故选A。 11．Global environmental problems need the ________ from every country around the world. A．punishment B．protection C．population D．background 【答案】B 【详解】句意：全球环境问题需要来自世界各国的保护。 punishment惩罚；protection保护；population人口；background背景。根据“Global environmental problems”可知，面对全球环境问题，需要的是各国共同努力去保护，而不是惩罚、人口或背景。应填protection。 12．________, Chinese paper cutting is a treasure of our culture and has a long history. A．Hopefully B．Undoubtedly C．Luckily D．Directly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，中国剪纸是我们的文化瑰宝，有着悠久的历史。 hopefully满怀希望地；undoubtedly毫无疑问地；luckily幸运地；directly直接地。 根据“Chinese paper cutting is a treasure of our culture and has a long history”，剪纸是文化瑰宝这件事是“确凿无疑的”，因此选Undoubtedly。 二、单词拼写 1．A ________ (tour) tried to pick up the empty bottles on the beach to make it clean. 【答案】tourist 【详解】句意：一位游客试图捡起海滩上的空瓶子，让海滩变得干净。空前“A”为不定冠词，后接名词单数，表示人。tour的名词形式是tourist，意为“游客”。 2．The forest gives ________ (protect) to many animals from danger. 【答案】protection 【详解】句意：森林为许多动物提供保护，使它们远离危险。动词gives后接名词作宾语，此处指“给动物提供保护”，protect是动词，名词形式protection表示“保护”，不可数名词。 3．Some ________ (guard) take turns to watch around the area every day. 【答案】guards 【详解】句意：一些警卫每天轮流在该地区周围看守。所给词为guard“警卫”，空格前有Some修饰，需用复数形式guards。故填guards。 4．Staying up late every night is really ________ to your health, so you had better always go to bed much earlier from now on. (harm) 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：每晚熬夜对你的健康真的有害，所以你最好从现在开始总是早点上床睡觉。根据“is really ... to your health”的结构，此处需用形容词作表语，构成“be harmful to”，译为“对……有害”。故填harmful。 5．Taking exercise is one of the best ________ (way) to relax ourselves. 【答案】ways 【详解】句意：锻炼是我们放松自己的最好方式之一。根据固定句型one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数可知，此处表示“最好的方式之一”。结合括号内提示词way以及one of the best的限定，此处指的是多种方式中的一种，所以way应用复数形式。所以应填ways。 6．It’s ________ (help) to take a short break when you feel tired. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意：当你感到疲倦时，短暂休息一下是有帮助的。系动词“is”后接形容词作表语，构成固定句型：It is+形容词+to do sth.。括号内给出的词是help，其对应的形容词形式是helpful，意为“有帮助的”，表示短暂休息是有帮助的。所以应填helpful。 7．Our world today is really changing so ________ that we can hardly keep up with the new ideas and things around us every day. (rapid) 【答案】rapidly 【详解】句意：当今我们的世界变化如此迅速，以至于我们几乎跟不上身边每天出现的新想法和新事物。此处需用副词修饰动词changing，形容词rapid的副词形式为rapidly，意为“迅速地；快速地”。 8．The _________ wonders of the world attract millions of visitors. (nature) 【答案】natural 【详解】句意：世界自然奇观吸引数百万游客。括号内给出单词nature，空格后是名词wonders，需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，nature的形容词形式是natural，因此填natural。 9．The city is famous for its _________ old streets. (wonder) 【答案】wonderful 【详解】句意：这座城市因其美妙的老街而闻名。括号内给出单词wonder，空格后是名词old streets，需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，wonder的形容词形式是wonderful，因此填wonderful。 10．People who drop litter in the park will be ________ by the city, because keeping our public places clean and tidy is everyone’s duty. (punish) 【答案】punished 【详解】句意：在公园里乱扔垃圾的人将被城市处罚，因为保持公共场所干净整洁是每个人的责任。根据“will be”提示，此处为一般将来时的被动语态，People与punish之间是被动关系，需填过去分词。punish的过去分词是punished。 11．We should avoid ________ (spend) too much time on mobile phones. 【答案】spending 【详解】句意：我们应该避免在手机上花费太多时间。根据“avoid”提示，avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，后接动名词作宾语。spend的动名词形式是spending。 12．Too much homework makes many students feel ________ (stress). 【答案】stressed 【详解】句意：太多作业让很多学生感到有压力。感官系动词feel后面接形容词,提示词stress是名词，意为压力，修饰人，用stressed意为“感到有压力的”。 三、完成句子 1．贵州是一个有着丰富的传统民族文化的省份。 Guizhou is a province ________ ________ rich traditional ethnic cultures. 【答案】 which/that has 【详解】原句中“有着”是关键词，表示“有”的单词是have。句子为定语从句，先行词a province指物，定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词which/that引导；时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词have用第三人称单数形式has。 2．越来越多的人开始意识到与自然和谐共处的重要性。 More and more people are beginning to realise the importance of ________ ________ ________ ________ nature. 【答案】 getting along well with 【详解】原句中“与……和谐共处”是关键词，对应动词短语get along well with，介词of后接动名词getting。故填getting；along；well；with。 3．我们不能随心所欲，污染河流。 We can’t ________ ________ ________ and pollute rivers. 【答案】 have our way 【详解】原句中“随心所欲”是关键词，have one’s way表示“按某人的意愿行事”，即“随心所欲”，can’t是情态动词，后接动词原形have，主语We对应的形容词性物主代词是our。 4．多年来, 中国政府为改善民生付出了巨大努力。 China’s government ________ ________ ________ ________ to improve people’s lives over the years. 【答案】 has made great efforts 【详解】原句中“付出了巨大努力”“多年来”是关键词，make great efforts表示“付出巨大努力”，over the years表示“多年来”，是现在完成时的标志，谓语结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语China’sgovernment为单数，助动词用has，make变为过去分词made。 5．亚马孙雨林是许多动植物的家园。 The Amazon rainforest ________ ________ ________ many animals and plants. 【答案】 is home to 【详解】原句中“是……的家园”是关键词，be home to表示“是……的家园”，主语The Amazon rainforest是单数，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，be动词用is。 6．这枚古钱币被珍藏为家族珍贵宝物。 The old coin ________ ________ ________ a precious family treasure. 【答案】 is kept as 【详解】原句中“被珍藏为”是关键词，对应的英文短语是be kept as；主语“the old coin”是单数，为一般现在时的被动语态，故填is；kept；as。 四、阅读理解 A Nanjing is the only city along the main stream of the Yangtze River where people can watch finless porpoises from a riverside platform almost all year round. Local people call them “smiling angels” because of the shape of their mouths. Twenty years ago, however, few people in the city had ever seen one. The river was busy with ships, and the water near the shore was often dirty. “When I was a child, my father told me stories about the porpoises, but I never saw one myself,” says Wang Lei, a 38-year-old teacher who now leads a weekend watching group. Things began to change in 2016, when the city started to clean up the river and close small factories along the bank. Fishing was banned in the main stream, and several old docks were turned into parks. Slowly, the porpoises came back. Today, Wang Lei’s group has more than 300 members. They record what they see and send the information to scientists. “We are not experts,” Wang says. “But 300 pairs of eyes are better than one.” Their records show that the number of porpoises near the city has grown from about 20 in 2016 to more than 60 in 2026. The group also works with fishermen who once made a living on the river. Some of them have become boat drivers for the watching groups. “I used to catch fish,” one of them says. “Now I take people to see the fish. It is a better way to make a living, and the river looks younger than it did twenty years ago.” 1．Why are finless porpoises called “smiling angels”? A．They swim very fast in the river. B．The shape of their mouths looks like a smile. C．They often jump out of the water. D．They are as white as angels’ wings. 2．What happened in Nanjing in 2016? A．A new dock was built by the river. B．The city began to clean up the river. C．Fishing was allowed again in the main stream. D．Wang Lei became a science teacher. 3．What is the main job of Wang Lei’s group? A．Catching fish for local markets. B．Teaching students how to swim in the Yangtze River. C．Building new docks along the river. D．Recording porpoises and sending data to scientists. 4．What do the fisherman’s words in the last paragraph suggest? A．Fishing is not a hard job any more. B．Porpoises are much more useful than fish. C．Protecting the river can bring new ways of living. D．Driving a boat is much easier than fishing. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南京作为长江干流沿线唯一能全年在江边平台观测到江豚的城市，通过生态治理让江豚回归，民间观测群体参与江豚保护记录，还带动退捕渔民转产的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。第一段“Local people call them ‘smiling angels’ because of the shape of their mouths.”提及当地人把江豚叫做“微笑天使”是因为它们嘴部的形状。 2．细节理解题。第三段“Things began to change in 2016, when the city started to clean up the river and close small factories along the bank.”提及2016年南京启动了长江清理整治工作。 3．细节理解题。第四段“Today, Wang Lei’s group has more than 300 members. They record what they see and send the information to scientists.”提及Wang Lei带领的江豚观测小组的核心工作是记录观测到的江豚相关情况并把信息提交给科研人员。 4．推理判断题。最后一段渔民的表述“I used to catch fish. Now I take people to see the fish. It is a better way to make a living, and the river looks younger than it did twenty years ago.”提及渔民从靠捕鱼为生转为带领游客观测江豚获得更好的生计，所以能推断出保护长江生态能够催生新的谋生方式。 B Should a national park be open to visitors? Two experts share their views. Dr Lin (park researcher): Yes, and we should welcome them. A park that no one ever sees is easy to forget, and what people forget, they stop protecting. When visitors walk along a wooden path and see a deer drinking by a lake, they begin to understand why this land matters. Visitor fees also pay the salaries of rangers and help local families earn a living. In several parks, former herders now work as guides or run small guesthouses. Of course, numbers must be controlled: we set a daily limit and close some areas during the breeding season. Mr Zhou (environmental writer): I agree that people need to see nature, but I am worried about the word “welcome”. Last year, a popular lake in the west received more than three million visitors in three months. Trails were widened, trees were cut, and rubbish was left behind. The animals did not leave because they were hunted; they left because they were disturbed. If we truly love a place, sometimes the kindest thing is to stay away from it and let it breathe. Instead of building more hotels inside parks, we should build better museums and live-streaming cameras in cities. Both experts agree on one thing: the question is not “yes or no”, but “how much”—and that is a balance each park must find for itself. 1．What is Dr Lin’s main opinion? A．National parks should be closed to visitors. B．Visitors can help protect national parks. C．Only scientists should enter national parks. D．Visitor fees should be lowered at once. 2．What worried Mr Zhou about the popular lake? A．Too many visitors damaged the environment. B．The lake was too far from the city. C．Scientists refused to study the lake. D．There were not enough guesthouses. 3．What does Mr Zhou suggest instead of building hotels in parks? A．Building museums and live-streaming cameras. B．Closing all national parks forever. C．Moving the animals to city zoos. D．Charging visitors much higher fees. 4．What do the two experts agree on? A．The real question is how much visiting is acceptable. B．National parks should never receive visitors. C．All parks should be managed in the same way. D．Visitors should be allowed only in winter. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文介绍两位专家就国家公园是否应对游客开放发表不同看法：林博士支持适度开放，游客能促进保护；周先生担忧大量游客破坏自然；两人共识：重点不是“开或不开”，而是控制游客量、找到平衡。 【详解】1．细节理解题。第二段“Dr Lin (park researcher): Yes, and we should welcome them. A park that no one ever sees is easy to forget, and what people forget, they stop protecting…Visitor fees also pay the salaries of rangers and help local families earn a living.”说明林博士认为没有人见过的公园容易被遗忘，游客既能理解自然的价值，其门票收入也能支持巡护员和当地家庭，即游客有助于保护。 2．细节理解题。第三段“Last year, a popular lake in the west received more than three million visitors in three months. Trails were widened, trees were cut, and rubbish was left behind. The animals did not leave because they were hunted; they left because they were disturbed.”说明周先生指出该湖三个月接待三百多万游客，步道被拓宽、树木被砍、垃圾遍地，动物因受干扰而离开。 3．细节理解题。第三段“Instead of building more hotels inside parks, we should build better museums and live-streaming cameras in cities.”说明周先生建议不在园内建酒店，而应在城市里建设更好的博物馆与直播摄像头，让人们不必进入核心区也能看见自然。 4．细节理解题。最后一段“Both experts agree on one thing: the question is not ‘yes or no’, but ‘how much’—and that is a balance each park must find for itself.”说明两位专家一致认为问题不在“是否开放”，而在“开放到什么程度”，需要每个公园找到自己的平衡点。 第二节 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 Hills of Beauty Have you ever seen pictures of ancient ruins (遗址) or very old buildings? What did they look like? How did you feel when you saw them? The Sacred Valley of the Incas (印加圣谷) is a beautiful place in Peru, South America.   1 That city was once the capital of the Inca Empire (印加帝国). The valley is famous for its history and culture. The Sacred Valley was important to the Incas. They used the land for farming because the soil was rich and the climate was good. 2 Today, you can still see the terraces (梯田). They are like steps on the mountainsides. They look so amazing that people can’t keep their eyes off them. 3 Many people there still speak Quechua, the language of the Incas. There are also many markets. People sell colorful textiles (纺织品) there. Local people celebrate many cultural festivals all year. Visitors can learn about the Inca way of life and watch traditional dances and listen to traditional music. The landscapes in the Sacred Valley are breathtaking. There are green fields, rivers and ancient ruins. 4 They come to hike, explore and enjoy nature. The Sacred Valley is really special and serves as a bridge connecting the past and present. A．The valley’s beauty attracts many tourists. B．It lies in the Andes Mountains, close to Cusco. C．The valley is famous for its delicious local food. D．The culture in the Sacred Valley is rich and still alive. E．The Incas grew many crops there, like corn and potatoes. 【答案】49．B 50．E 51．D 52．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了秘鲁印加圣谷（The Sacred Valley of the Incas）的地理位置、历史文化、梯田景观与人文风情，展现了它作为连接过去与现在之桥梁的独特魅力。 【详解】49．第二段先交代圣谷位于秘鲁，选项B承接上文补充地理位置：“It lies in the Andes Mountains, close to Cusco.”；后句“That city was once the capital of the Inca Empire”中That city回指Cusco，前后衔接紧密。 50．第三段说明印加人利用土地耕种：“They used the land for farming because the soil was rich and the climate was good.”，选项E承接耕种话题，补充他们种植的作物（corn and potatoes），并与后句Today引出的现存梯田形成古今对照。 51．第四段为文化主题段，选项D作段首主题句：“The culture in the Sacred Valley is rich and still alive.”，统领后文的Quechua语言、集市纺织、传统节日与歌舞等文化内容。 52．第五段描写圣谷的自然风光：“There are green fields, rivers and ancient ruins.”，选项A指出山谷之美吸引众多游客，后句“They come to hike, explore and enjoy nature”中They回指many tourists，指代衔接成立。 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 For millions of years, the Przewalski’s horse ran free on the grasslands of Asia. But by the 1980s, this ancient animal had 1 from the wild in China. Scientists feared that it might be lost forever. The good news came from a surprising place: zoos. In 1985, China started a programme to bring the horses back. Twenty-four horses were 2 from Europe and carefully raised in a centre in Xinjiang. Bringing a species back is not easy. The horses had to 3 how to live in the wild again—how to find water, how to stay away from wolves, and how to survive cold winters. At first, the young horses did not know how to 4 themselves, and some of them were hurt. The team did not give up. They watched the horses day and night, and slowly learned what the animals 5 . In 2001, the first group was set free. Since then, more than 700 horses have been born in the wild. “When I saw a young horse running across the grassland for the first time,” says a team member, “I could not 6 my tears.” But success brings new 7 . The horses need large areas of grassland, and local herders also need land for their sheep and cattle. “We cannot simply take land away from people,” says a scientist. “The real 8 is to find a balance between protecting animals and supporting local families.” Today, the team works with herders to plan grazing areas. Some herders have become 9 who help protect the horses. “The horses bring visitors, and visitors bring income,” one herder says. “We have learned that nature and people can 10 together.” 1．A．appeared B．disappeared C．returned D．grown 2．A．brought B．sent C．taken D．driven 3．A．forget B．refuse C．learn D．promise 4．A．express B．teach C．enjoy D．protect 5．A．needed B．feared C．sold D．drew 6．A．turn down B．give up C．put on D．hold back 7．A．friends B．chances C．problems D．rules 8．A．question B．challenge C．answer D．reason 9．A．guides B．drivers C．teachers D．guards 10．A．play B．work C．live D．study 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文讲述中国将普氏野马从动物园重新引入野外，并与牧民合作解决土地冲突，最终实现人与自然和谐共处的保护故事。 【详解】1．句意：但到了20世纪80年代，这种古老动物已从中国野外消失。 根据“Scientists feared that it might be lost forever”可知，动物面临灭绝，说明已从野外消失，用disappeared“消失”。 2．句意：24匹马从欧洲被带来，在新疆的一个中心精心饲养。 根据“China started a programme to bring the horses back”可知，是把马带回中国，用brought“带来”。 3．句意：马匹必须再次学习如何在野外生存。 根据“how to find water…how to survive”可知，这是需要重新学习的技能，用learn“学习”。 4．句意：起初，小马不知道如何保护自己，有些受伤了。 根据“some of them were hurt”可知，因为不会保护自己才受伤，用protect“保护”。 5．句意：他们日夜看守着这些马，慢慢了解了动物们需要什么。 根据“They watched the horses day and night”可知，是为了了解它们的生存需求，用needed“需要”。 6．句意：我无法控制住我的眼泪。 看到小马奔跑的感动场景，应是忍不住流泪。hold back tears“忍住眼泪”为固定搭配。 7．句意：但成功带来了新问题。 根据“But”转折及后文土地冲突可知，带来了新问题，用problems“问题”。 8．句意：真正的挑战是在保护动物和帮扶当地家庭之间找到平衡。 根据“find a balance”可知，这是一项艰难的任务/挑战，用challenge。question侧重疑问，challenge侧重难度。 9．句意：一些牧民已成为帮助保护马匹的守卫。 根据“help protect the horses”可知，角色是保护者，用guards“守卫”。 10．句意：我们了解到自然和人可以共同生活。 根据全文主旨，人与自然和谐共存，live together符合语境。 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面的材料，根据内容回答问题。 On 26th December, 2020, China passed a new law to protect the Yangtze River, the “mother river” of China. It is the Yangtze River Protection Law. It took effect (生效) on 1st March, 2021. It’s the first law to protect a waterway in China. The 6,300-kilometre Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It covers an area of about 1.8 million square kilometres, about one fifth of the national total. The Yangtze River provides one third of the country’s freshwater resources (资源), but it has met lots of environmental problems in recent years, such as heavy pollution and overfishing. Especially, the river’s Chinese paddlefish (白鲟) has died out. So the “mother river” is in great need of protection. To solve these problems, China put a 10-year fishing ban (禁令) to protect fish resources. According to a report of the government, the fishermen said they would give up fishing along the Yangtze River to protect the “mother river”. Chinese official Han Zheng said that more support should be given to the fishermen to help them find new jobs and places to live. The Yangtze River Protection Law includes resource protection and green development. The government says the purpose of the new law is to strengthen (加强) environmental protection, use resources well and make the development sustainable (可持续的). 1．What is the first law to protect a waterway in China? 2．Why does the Yangtze River need protection? 3．What does the new law include? 4．What can you do to protect the river in your city? Write 30 words or more. 【答案】1．The Yangtze River Protection Law. 2．Because it has met lots of environmental problems in recent years. 3．It includes resource protection and green development. 4．I can avoid throwing rubbish into the river, tell my friends to save water, plant trees along the banks and take part in regular river-cleaning activities with my family and classmates. (答案不唯一) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国首部保护水路的法律《长江保护法》的颁布与生效时间，阐述了长江面临的环境问题及保护必要性，说明了法律包含的内容及立法目的。 【详解】1．根据文章第一段“It is the Yangtze River Protection Law... It’s the first law to protect a waterway in China.”可知，中国第一部保护水路的法律是长江保护法。 2．根据文章第二段“but it has met lots of environmental problems in recent years, such as heavy pollution and overfishing... So the ‘mother river’ is in great need of protection.”可知，长江需要保护是因为近年来面临诸多环境问题。 3．根据文章第四段“The Yangtze River Protection Law includes resource protection and green development.”可知，新法律包含资源保护和绿色发展。 4．本题为开放性试题，言之有理即可。结合保护河流的常见日常行为，可从减少污染、节约用水、参与清洁行动等角度作答，注意字数需达到30词以上。 七、书面表达 假设你是李华，你校英语报正在举办以“保护自然，从我做起”为主题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，用英文写一篇短文，介绍你对人与自然关系的看法并提出建议。 内容包括： 人与自然的关系（相互依存）； 人类活动对自然的影响（至少两点）； 呼吁大家保护自然。 要求：词数80~100词；必须使用至少两个由that/which/who引导的定语从句，以及以下至少三个表达：cut down, pollution, get along with, natural wonders, in balance。 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。 My View on Protecting Nature _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： My View on Protecting Nature I think humans and nature depend on each other. We should keep them in balance. However, human activities have caused many problems. For example, people cut down too many trees, which makes animals lose their homes. Also, the pollution that we create is harmful to the environment. We must take action to protect our planet. We should stop cutting down forests and plant more trees. Only in this way can we get along with nature and see the natural wonders again. Let’s work together to make our earth a better place! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：英语征文短文，时态以一般现在时为主 明确要点：①人与自然相互依存的关系；②人类活动对自然的影响（至少两点）；③呼吁大家保护自然；硬性要求：至少两个that/which/who引导的定语从句，至少选用三个短语cut down, pollution, get along with, natural wonders, in balance；词数80—100 明确人称：第一人称 注意事项：全部要点必须用上，行文连贯；不出现真实姓名、校名 [第二步：构思布局] 两段式结构 第一段：点明人与自然相互依存，要保持平衡，列举人类破坏自然的行为，使用定语从句，用上指定短语 第二段：提出行动建议，呼吁保护自然、与自然和谐共处 [第三步：要点展开] 人与自然关系句：I think humans and nature depend on each other./We cannot live well without a healthy natural world.等 人类影响句：people cut down too many trees, which makes animals lose their homes./Many wild animals are facing the danger of dying out.等 人类影响句：the pollution that we create is harmful to the environment./Dirty water and waste gas break the order of nature.等 呼吁行动句：We must take action to protect our planet./Everyone can do simple things in daily life.等 收尾升华句：Only in this way can we get along with nature and see the natural wonders again./A beautiful earth belongs to all living things.等 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $