专题01 阅读理解细节理解题（定位寻源，同义替换）（培优讲义）2027年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题01 阅读理解细节理解题（定位寻源，同义替换）（培优讲义） 第一部分 高考变化精研 第二部分 核心知识精讲 考点01定位词选取与原文定位 考点02 同义替换四大改写形式 考点03 干扰项常见命题陷阱 第三部分 高频考点精练 考点01 考查定位词选取与原文定位 考点02 考查同义替换四大改写形式 考点03 考查干扰项常见命题陷阱 真题速递——2026·全国I卷·阅读理解 People can reduce stress by spending time walking in urban parks, according to a new study. The researchers found that 20 minutes in such natural spaces could lower people’s stress levels greatly. What does the study show? A. Long walks are necessary for fitness B. Park walking helps cut down stress C. Natural parks are becoming popular D. Urban parks need better protection 特点解读 情境多元：语篇覆盖科普研究、文化介绍、生活报道、活动说明，把细节信息藏在叙事、实验、说明之中。 “两层核对判定”：先依靠定位词锁定目标句；再识别选项与原文之间的同义改写；只读懂单句还不够，要区分原文信息、转述信息、拼接伪造信息，任一环节判断失误就容易误选。 命题弱化原句照搬：正确答案几乎不再直接摘抄原文，更多采用词块替换、句式改写、概括转述；干扰项贴近文本话题，迷惑性变强。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2027 年细节理解仍然是阅读占比最高的题型；True / Not true、原因、事实查证类设问是热点；跨句整合信息、概括式同义替换会持续增加；选材延续传统文化、前沿科研、生活实践主线，重在考查在长文本里精准抓取证据的能力。 策略：以“证据链”替代主观感觉。做题固定三步：①划题干定位词，锁定原文区间；②比对选项，寻找语义等价的同义替换；③逐条甄别干扰类型，每一个选项都在原文找到支撑或者矛盾点，拒绝脑补。 考点01定位词选取与原文定位 1. 定位词分类与定位方式 定位词类型 代表词 定位优势 适用场景 一级定位词 数字、年份、专有名词、大写、特殊符号 辨识度最高，唯一性最强 人名、地名、时间、实验数据类题干 二级定位词 题干独有实义名词、动作动词 锁定事件主体与行为| 普通事实、原因、方式类设问 规避词 全文高频通用名词、文章主题词 极易大面积命中无关句子 不适合单独拿来定位 2. 定位策略应用对比 分类 例句 解读 单点定位 Why did the team carry out the survey in 2024? 根据年份 2024 直接锁定单句，答案集中在本句及紧邻下一句 He seems to have known the secret. 不定式完成式：know发生在seem之前 散点定位 What benefits can we get from outdoor reading? 信息分散在相邻两三句，需要合并多处细节，不能只看一句话 | 方·法·技·巧 1.先题后文，划词优先：先读题干，不急于通读全文，第一时间划出定位关键词； 2.优先选用一级定位词，没有一级词再选用二级定位词，避开主题高频词。 3.善用题文同序原则：高考阅读出题顺序基本和原文行文顺序保持一致，可以借助上下题的位置，快速压缩查找区间，减少无效阅读。 4.锁定区间，精读周边：定位成功之后，不只盯单独一句话，同步精读定位句前后一至两句；答案常藏在相邻句中，散点题必须整合多句信息。 5.比对优先，寻找同义替换：不要凭翻译感觉选答案，把选项和原文逐点比对；正确选项大多不是原文摘抄，而是语义等价的改写。 6.标记证据，排查干扰：选定答案后，在原文圈画出对应证据；同时快速识别偷换概念、扩大范围、无中生有等干扰类型，凡是找不到原文支撑的选项直接排除。 7.特殊题型单独处理：判断正误（True / Not true）类题目，采用“选项回原文逐一查证”策略，每一个选项独立定位核验。 考点02同义替换四大改写形式 1.同义替换四大类型 替换类型 原文示例 选项改写示例 核心特点 词/短语替换 reduce stress cut down stress 单词、词组等价互换，最高频 句式转换 The rule helps students Students get help from the rule. 主动、被动、从句、简单句互换 概括替换 collect data and record results do some research 使用概括词整合多条细碎信息 正反转述 It was not simple. It was difficult. 否定表达转换为同义肯定表达 2. 替换应用对比 分类 例句 解读 原句摘抄 The park can lower people’s stress. 直接照搬原文，高考正确答案极少这样设置 同义改写 Walking in parks helps reduce stress. 重组句子、更换词块，是标准答案主流形式 易·错·避·坑 1.看到单词重合，直接认定为正确答案 2.只匹配局部信息，忽略整体逻辑 3.正反转述分不清，误判语义 4.主观代入常识，脱离文本 5.混淆“同义改写”和“过度改写” 6.忽略修饰限定词的改动 7.散点信息强行合并 方·法·技·巧 1.优先抓词块，不孤立看单词：比对时以词组、意群为单位，不要被个别不一样的单词迷惑；动词短语、名词搭配是替换高发区。 2.区分字面相同与语义相同：原文和选项单词一样，有可能是干扰；单词不一样，但核心信息对等，才是同义替换。 3.分层识别改写类型：看到简单句 ↔ 定语从句、主动 ↔ 被动，优先判定句式转换；多个小信息合并为概括词，属于概括替换；否定转肯定，留意正反表达。 4.抓住逻辑不变原则：无论句子怎么改写，主体、时间、因果、程度不能变；逻辑一旦改动，即便词汇相近也是陷阱。 5.回代入句验证：找到疑似替换之后，把选项信息放回原文语境，核对是否和原文传达的信息完全一致。 考点03干扰项常见命题陷阱 1. 干扰类型汇总 干扰类型 典型特征 标志提示 简短示例 偷换概念 修改原文核心名词、动作，保留句子框架，改变语义 核心名词、动词、因果动词被替换 原文：reading brings joy；选项：reading brings profit 张冠李戴 将甲人/物的属性、行为安放到乙人/物身上 文中存在多个主体，长难句、并列句高发 原文：A invented the tool, B used it；选项：B invented the too 改换主体、修饰限定词 改换主体、修饰限定词改动范围、程度、频率，放大或缩小原文信息 all / every / only / never / some / may 原文：some students like art；选项：all students like art 主语、宾语被调换 动作发出者与承受者颠倒，主动被动错位 动词不变，但施受关系颠倒 原文：The teacher helped the boy；选项：The boy helped the teacher 无中生有 选项符合常识，但原文完全没有对应信息 无法再原文找到任何支撑句 The museum is popular；选项：The museum charges high tickets 移花接木 摘取原文两处独立信息强行拼接，捏造逻辑 信息来自不同段落、原本互不关联 原文：Cats like warm places; trees provide shade；选项：Cats like staying under trees for warmth 答非所问 选项表述和原文一致，但不能回应题干提问 内容正确，和问题脱节 题干：Why is the book popular?；选项：The book came out in 2025 反向干扰 句意和原文相反，否定陷阱 not、without、fail to、instead of 原文：The plan was accepted；选项：The plan was refused 2. 定位策略应用对比 分类 例句 解读 正确选项 Walking in parks helps cut down stress. 和原文语义等价，所有信息点均可找到对应证据 移花接木干扰 Parks with more flowers are free for visitors. “公园减压”、“花园免费”原文都存在，但二者没有该逻辑关联 方·法·技·巧 1.逐项找证据，拒绝印象答题：每一个选项都必须在原文找到支撑，找不到原文依据直接判定为“无中生有”。 2.紧盯修饰限定词：重点关注 all、only、never、sometimes、every 这类限定词，它们最容易用来放大或缩小原文范围。 3.拆分句子主干核对主体：遇到长选项，先划出主语、宾语；核对是否出现张冠李戴，把甲的事情安在乙身上。 4.警惕跨段拼接：如果选项里面两处信息分别来自不同段落，重点检查原文有没有对应的逻辑关系，大概率是移花接木。 5.看清题干设问方向：很多选项本身和原文一致，但回答不了题干的问题，属于答非所问，这类极易误选。 6.优先排除明显违背原文的选项：只要某一处细节和原文矛盾，直接排除，不必再纠结其余部分。 考点01 定位词选取与原文定位 典例精析 典例1（2026·全国 II 卷） 原文片段 Many local farmers began to grow organic tea in 2018, hoping to bring more income for their families. They stopped using chemical fertilizers and turned to natural ways to keep their tea plants healthy. 题干 Why did the local farmers choose to grow organic tea? A. To cut down their farming cost B. To increase their family income C. To make tea planting much easier D. To protect the local wildlife 典例2（2025·新高考I卷） 原文片段 If you want to join the habitat repair project, you need to fill in the online form before June 15 and receive a training session first. Volunteers should be over 18 and able to work outdoors for four hours each time. 题干 What is a requirement for the volunteers of the project? A. Having related working experience B. Finishing training ahead of service C. Being free every weekend D. Knowing much about local wildlife 方·法·技·巧 1.如果题干包含数字、年份、专有名词，优先拿这类一级定位词回原文扫描，速度最快。 2.无一级定位词时，提取题干独有的名词、动作动词作为二级定位词；文章主题词不单独用来定位。 定位之后，不要只看定位本句，向前、向后多看一句，答案经常藏在紧邻的分句。 3.利用题文同序：这一题的定位区间一般在上一题之后、下一题之前，缩小查找范围。 如果一处定位词大面积复现，说明是主题词，需要叠加另外一个定位词一起锁定句子。 4.找到定位区间后，圈出题干提问方向（why / when / how / what），防止选出信息正确但是答非所问的选项。 变式巩固 变式1（2025届 长沙雅礼中学高三一模） 原文 The wildlife rescue centre in Costa Rica accepts volunteers above 16. Volunteers will feed injured animals and clean the enclosure under the guidance of veterinarians. 题干 What work will volunteers do in the centre? A. Train baby sloths B. Feed and clean for animals C. Give medical treatment D. Design animal shelters 变式2（2025届 合肥一六八中学高三最后一卷） 原文 The Hanger Hotel in Texas was built in 1943. It was once an aircraft hangar and was rebuilt into a special hotel for plane lovers. 题干 What was the building originally used as? A. A plane museum B. An aircraft hangar C. A research lab D. A train station 变式3（2025届 长郡中学高三二模） 原文 To cut food waste, the café offers “surprise bags” every evening. Customers can buy leftover food at half the price before closing. 题干 Why does the café sell surprise bags? A. To attract more young visitors B. To reduce food waste C. To improve its service D. To celebrate its anniversary 考点02 同义替换识别与补源 典例精析 典例1（2025·新高考I卷） 原文片段 Walking regularly can ease people’s pressure and improve their sleep quality. 题干 What benefit can regular walking bring us? A. It helps reduce stress. B. It helps build muscle quickly. C. It cures sleep disorders. D. It makes people lose weight fast. 典例2（2024·新高考I卷） 原文片段 The community garden offers local residents a chance to grow vegetables together. 题干 What does the community garden provide for local people? A. Free vegetable seeds B. An opportunity to plant vegetables C. A place to hold parties D. Professional farming training 变式巩固 变式1（2025届 湖南师大附中高三月考） 原文 The bookstore cut down the price of old books to encourage reading among teenagers. 题干 Why did the bookstore lower the prices of used books? A. To clear its storage space B. To encourage teens to read C. To compete with online shops D. To reward regular buyers 变式2（2025届 郑州外国语高三二模） 原文 Volunteers collect waste along the river so that the river water can stay clean. 题干 What is the aim of the volunteers’ work? A. To keep the river clean B. To study river animals C. To build riverside paths D. To recycle plastic for money 变式3（2024届 南京金陵中学高三一模） 原文 It took the team two years to gather enough information for the report. 题干 What do we know about the team’s report? A. It was finished in one year B. The team spent two years collecting data for it C. It received lots of public praise D. It was written by several universities 考点03 干扰项常见陷阱 典例精析 典例1（2025·新高考I卷） 原文片段 Most bees prefer bright purple and blue flowers. They rely on colour signals to find nectar in daytime. 题干 What can we know about bees from the text? A. All bees like purple flowers best. B. Bees use colour to look for nectar. C. Bees can see colours well at night. D. Bees only feed on blue flowers. 典例2（2024·新高考II卷） 原文片段 The scientist studied how bats hunt. He found bats send out sounds to locate their food. 题干 What did the scientist discover? A. Bats hunt fish near rivers. B. Bats use sounds to find food. C. Bats are blind and cannot see anything. D. Bats enjoy staying in wet caves. 典例3（2023·全国甲卷） 原文片段 Lucy designed a book shelf. Tom helped her fix it on the wall last Sunday. 题干 What can we learn from the text? A. Tom designed the bookshelf. B. Lucy put up the shelf alone. C. Tom helped Lucy fix the shelf. D. They bought a new shelf together. 变式巩固 变式1（2025届 长郡中学高三二模） 原文 Some students choose to take a gap year to travel before university. 题干 What is true according to the text? A. All students take a gap year to travel. B. A few students travel before going to college. C. No students can travel in their gap year. D. Students must travel for a whole year. 变式2（2025届 合肥一六八中学高三一模） 原文 The guide showed visitors the old castle. The castle was built for the king hundreds of years ago. 题干 Which statement is correct? A. Visitors built the old castle. B. The guide built the castle for the king. C. The castle was made for the king long ago. D. The castle is still the home of the king now. 变式3（2024届 哈师大附中高三三模） 原文 The club holds outdoor activities once a month. The members can join or not as they wish. 题干 What do we know about the club? A. Members have to take part in every activity. B. The outdoor activities are held monthly. C. All activities take place indoors. D. The club meets every week. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 阅读理解细节理解题（定位寻源，同义替换）（培优讲义） 第一部分 高考变化精研 第二部分 核心知识精讲 考点01定位词选取与原文定位 考点02 同义替换四大改写形式 考点03 干扰项常见命题陷阱 第三部分 高频考点精练 考点01 考查定位词选取与原文定位 考点02 考查同义替换四大改写形式 考点03 考查干扰项常见命题陷阱 真题速递——2026·全国I卷·阅读理解 People can reduce stress by spending time walking in urban parks, according to a new study. The researchers found that 20 minutes in such natural spaces could lower people’s stress levels greatly. What does the study show? A. Long walks are necessary for fitness B. Park walking helps cut down stress C. Natural parks are becoming popular D. Urban parks need better protection 答案：B 特点解读 情境多元：语篇覆盖科普研究、文化介绍、生活报道、活动说明，把细节信息藏在叙事、实验、说明之中。 “两层核对判定”：先依靠定位词锁定目标句；再识别选项与原文之间的同义改写；只读懂单句还不够，要区分原文信息、转述信息、拼接伪造信息，任一环节判断失误就容易误选。 命题弱化原句照搬：正确答案几乎不再直接摘抄原文，更多采用词块替换、句式改写、概括转述；干扰项贴近文本话题，迷惑性变强。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2027 年细节理解仍然是阅读占比最高的题型；True / Not true、原因、事实查证类设问是热点；跨句整合信息、概括式同义替换会持续增加；选材延续传统文化、前沿科研、生活实践主线，重在考查在长文本里精准抓取证据的能力。 策略：以“证据链”替代主观感觉。做题固定三步：①划题干定位词，锁定原文区间；②比对选项，寻找语义等价的同义替换；③逐条甄别干扰类型，每一个选项都在原文找到支撑或者矛盾点，拒绝脑补。 考点01定位词选取与原文定位 1. 定位词分类与定位方式 定位词类型 代表词 定位优势 适用场景 一级定位词 数字、年份、专有名词、大写、特殊符号 辨识度最高，唯一性最强 人名、地名、时间、实验数据类题干 二级定位词 题干独有实义名词、动作动词 锁定事件主体与行为| 普通事实、原因、方式类设问 规避词 全文高频通用名词、文章主题词 极易大面积命中无关句子 不适合单独拿来定位 2. 定位策略应用对比 分类 例句 解读 单点定位 Why did the team carry out the survey in 2024? 根据年份 2024 直接锁定单句，答案集中在本句及紧邻下一句 He seems to have known the secret. 不定式完成式：know发生在seem之前 散点定位 What benefits can we get from outdoor reading? 信息分散在相邻两三句，需要合并多处细节，不能只看一句话 | 方·法·技·巧 1.先题后文，划词优先：先读题干，不急于通读全文，第一时间划出定位关键词； 2.优先选用一级定位词，没有一级词再选用二级定位词，避开主题高频词。 3.善用题文同序原则：高考阅读出题顺序基本和原文行文顺序保持一致，可以借助上下题的位置，快速压缩查找区间，减少无效阅读。 4.锁定区间，精读周边：定位成功之后，不只盯单独一句话，同步精读定位句前后一至两句；答案常藏在相邻句中，散点题必须整合多句信息。 5.比对优先，寻找同义替换：不要凭翻译感觉选答案，把选项和原文逐点比对；正确选项大多不是原文摘抄，而是语义等价的改写。 6.标记证据，排查干扰：选定答案后，在原文圈画出对应证据；同时快速识别偷换概念、扩大范围、无中生有等干扰类型，凡是找不到原文支撑的选项直接排除。 7.特殊题型单独处理：判断正误（True / Not true）类题目，采用“选项回原文逐一查证”策略，每一个选项独立定位核验。 考点02同义替换四大改写形式 1.同义替换四大类型 替换类型 原文示例 选项改写示例 核心特点 词/短语替换 reduce stress cut down stress 单词、词组等价互换，最高频 句式转换 The rule helps students Students get help from the rule. 主动、被动、从句、简单句互换 概括替换 collect data and record results do some research 使用概括词整合多条细碎信息 正反转述 It was not simple. It was difficult. 否定表达转换为同义肯定表达 2. 替换应用对比 分类 例句 解读 原句摘抄 The park can lower people’s stress. 直接照搬原文，高考正确答案极少这样设置 同义改写 Walking in parks helps reduce stress. 重组句子、更换词块，是标准答案主流形式 易·错·避·坑 1.看到单词重合，直接认定为正确答案 2.只匹配局部信息，忽略整体逻辑 3.正反转述分不清，误判语义 4.主观代入常识，脱离文本 5.混淆“同义改写”和“过度改写” 6.忽略修饰限定词的改动 7.散点信息强行合并 方·法·技·巧 1.优先抓词块，不孤立看单词：比对时以词组、意群为单位，不要被个别不一样的单词迷惑；动词短语、名词搭配是替换高发区。 2.区分字面相同与语义相同：原文和选项单词一样，有可能是干扰；单词不一样，但核心信息对等，才是同义替换。 3.分层识别改写类型：看到简单句 ↔ 定语从句、主动 ↔ 被动，优先判定句式转换；多个小信息合并为概括词，属于概括替换；否定转肯定，留意正反表达。 4.抓住逻辑不变原则：无论句子怎么改写，主体、时间、因果、程度不能变；逻辑一旦改动，即便词汇相近也是陷阱。 5.回代入句验证：找到疑似替换之后，把选项信息放回原文语境，核对是否和原文传达的信息完全一致。 考点03干扰项常见命题陷阱 1. 干扰类型汇总 干扰类型 典型特征 标志提示 简短示例 偷换概念 修改原文核心名词、动作，保留句子框架，改变语义 核心名词、动词、因果动词被替换 原文：reading brings joy；选项：reading brings profit 张冠李戴 将甲人/物的属性、行为安放到乙人/物身上 文中存在多个主体，长难句、并列句高发 原文：A invented the tool, B used it；选项：B invented the too 改换主体、修饰限定词 改换主体、修饰限定词改动范围、程度、频率，放大或缩小原文信息 all / every / only / never / some / may 原文：some students like art；选项：all students like art 主语、宾语被调换 动作发出者与承受者颠倒，主动被动错位 动词不变，但施受关系颠倒 原文：The teacher helped the boy；选项：The boy helped the teacher 无中生有 选项符合常识，但原文完全没有对应信息 无法再原文找到任何支撑句 The museum is popular；选项：The museum charges high tickets 移花接木 摘取原文两处独立信息强行拼接，捏造逻辑 信息来自不同段落、原本互不关联 原文：Cats like warm places; trees provide shade；选项：Cats like staying under trees for warmth 答非所问 选项表述和原文一致，但不能回应题干提问 内容正确，和问题脱节 题干：Why is the book popular?；选项：The book came out in 2025 反向干扰 句意和原文相反，否定陷阱 not、without、fail to、instead of 原文：The plan was accepted；选项：The plan was refused 2. 定位策略应用对比 分类 例句 解读 正确选项 Walking in parks helps cut down stress. 和原文语义等价，所有信息点均可找到对应证据 移花接木干扰 Parks with more flowers are free for visitors. “公园减压”、“花园免费”原文都存在，但二者没有该逻辑关联 方·法·技·巧 1.逐项找证据，拒绝印象答题：每一个选项都必须在原文找到支撑，找不到原文依据直接判定为“无中生有”。 2.紧盯修饰限定词：重点关注 all、only、never、sometimes、every 这类限定词，它们最容易用来放大或缩小原文范围。 3.拆分句子主干核对主体：遇到长选项，先划出主语、宾语；核对是否出现张冠李戴，把甲的事情安在乙身上。 4.警惕跨段拼接：如果选项里面两处信息分别来自不同段落，重点检查原文有没有对应的逻辑关系，大概率是移花接木。 5.看清题干设问方向：很多选项本身和原文一致，但回答不了题干的问题，属于答非所问，这类极易误选。 6.优先排除明显违背原文的选项：只要某一处细节和原文矛盾，直接排除，不必再纠结其余部分。 考点01 定位词选取与原文定位 典例精析 典例1（2026·全国 II 卷） 原文片段 Many local farmers began to grow organic tea in 2018, hoping to bring more income for their families. They stopped using chemical fertilizers and turned to natural ways to keep their tea plants healthy. 题干 Why did the local farmers choose to grow organic tea? A. To cut down their farming cost B. To increase their family income C. To make tea planting much easier D. To protect the local wildlife 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：grow organic tea（二级定位词）、farmers；找到定位句 “hoping to bring more income for their families”。选项中 increase their family income 和原文 bring more income 属于词块同义替换。 典例2（2025·新高考I卷） 原文片段 If you want to join the habitat repair project, you need to fill in the online form before June 15 and receive a training session first. Volunteers should be over 18 and able to work outdoors for four hours each time. 题干 What is a requirement for the volunteers of the project? A. Having related working experience B. Finishing training ahead of service C. Being free every weekend D. Knowing much about local wildlife 【答案】B 【解析】一级定位词：habitat repair project；定位句锁定后，原文receive a training session first与选项Finishing training ahead of service同义替换。 方·法·技·巧 1.如果题干包含数字、年份、专有名词，优先拿这类一级定位词回原文扫描，速度最快。 2.无一级定位词时，提取题干独有的名词、动作动词作为二级定位词；文章主题词不单独用来定位。 定位之后，不要只看定位本句，向前、向后多看一句，答案经常藏在紧邻的分句。 3.利用题文同序：这一题的定位区间一般在上一题之后、下一题之前，缩小查找范围。 如果一处定位词大面积复现，说明是主题词，需要叠加另外一个定位词一起锁定句子。 4.找到定位区间后，圈出题干提问方向（why / when / how / what），防止选出信息正确但是答非所问的选项。 变式巩固 变式1（2025届 长沙雅礼中学高三一模） 原文 The wildlife rescue centre in Costa Rica accepts volunteers above 16. Volunteers will feed injured animals and clean the enclosure under the guidance of veterinarians. 题干 What work will volunteers do in the centre? A. Train baby sloths B. Feed and clean for animals C. Give medical treatment D. Design animal shelters 【答案】B 【解析】 定位词：wildlife rescue centre、volunteers；原文feed injured animals and clean the enclosure直接对应B。A、D无原文依据；C属于张冠李戴，给动物治疗是兽医（veterinarians）的工作，不是志愿者。 变式2（2025届 合肥一六八中学高三最后一卷） 原文 The Hanger Hotel in Texas was built in 1943. It was once an aircraft hangar and was rebuilt into a special hotel for plane lovers. 题干 What was the building originally used as? A. A plane museum B. An aircraft hangar C. A research lab D. A train station 【答案】B 【解析】一级定位词：Hanger Hotel、1943；关键词originally（最初），原文was once an aircraft hangar匹配B。A、C、D文中未提到。 变式3（2025届 长郡中学高三二模） 原文 To cut food waste, the café offers “surprise bags” every evening. Customers can buy leftover food at half the price before closing. 题干 Why does the café sell surprise bags? A. To attract more young visitors B. To reduce food waste C. To improve its service D. To celebrate its anniversary 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：surprise bags、café；不定式To cut food waste表目的，cut food waste 和 reduce food waste 同义替换。A、C、D属于无中生有。 考点02 同义替换识别与补源 典例精析 典例1（2025·新高考I卷） 原文片段 Walking regularly can ease people’s pressure and improve their sleep quality. 题干 What benefit can regular walking bring us? A. It helps reduce stress. B. It helps build muscle quickly. C. It cures sleep disorders. D. It makes people lose weight fast. 【答案】A 【解析】定位词：regular walking；原文ease people’s pressure和选项reduce stress属于词/短语同义替换。B、D文中无依据；C夸大原文，原文只是改善睡眠质量，不是治愈睡眠疾病。 典例2（2024·新高考I卷） 原文片段 The community garden offers local residents a chance to grow vegetables together. 题干 What does the community garden provide for local people? A. Free vegetable seeds B. An opportunity to plant vegetables C. A place to hold parties D. Professional farming training 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：community garden；offers...a chance to grow改写为provides...an opportunity to plant，动词短语同义替换。A、C、D原文均未提及，属于无中生有。 变式巩固 变式1（2025届 湖南师大附中高三月考） 原文 The bookstore cut down the price of old books to encourage reading among teenagers. 题干 Why did the bookstore lower the prices of used books? A. To clear its storage space B. To encourage teens to read C. To compete with online shops D. To reward regular buyers 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：bookstore、lower the prices of used books；cut down the price...to encourage reading among teenagers与B选项同义替换，其余选项原文没有提到。 变式2（2025届 郑州外国语高三二模） 原文 Volunteers collect waste along the river so that the river water can stay clean. 题干 What is the aim of the volunteers’ work? A. To keep the river clean B. To study river animals C. To build riverside paths D. To recycle plastic for money 【答案】A 【解析】定位词：volunteers、collect waste along the river；so that the river water can stay clean对应A选项，目的类同义改写；B/C/D无原文依据。 变式3（2024届 南京金陵中学高三一模） 原文 It took the team two years to gather enough information for the report. 题干 What do we know about the team’s report? A. It was finished in one year B. The team spent two years collecting data for it C. It received lots of public praise D. It was written by several universities 【答案】B 【解析】 定位词：the team、report；gather enough information和collecting data同义，属于词块替换。A和原文时间矛盾；C、D文中未提及。 考点03 干扰项常见陷阱 典例精析 典例1（2025·新高考I卷） 原文片段 Most bees prefer bright purple and blue flowers. They rely on colour signals to find nectar in daytime. 题干 What can we know about bees from the text? A. All bees like purple flowers best. B. Bees use colour to look for nectar. C. Bees can see colours well at night. D. Bees only feed on blue flowers. 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：bees、colour；原文rely on colour signals to find nectar匹配B。 A、D陷阱：改换修饰限定词，原文most（大多数）被改成all/only（全部、仅仅），绝对化表述； C陷阱：反向干扰，原文in daytime和at night矛盾。 典例2（2024·新高考II卷） 原文片段 The scientist studied how bats hunt. He found bats send out sounds to locate their food. 题干 What did the scientist discover? A. Bats hunt fish near rivers. B. Bats use sounds to find food. C. Bats are blind and cannot see anything. D. Bats enjoy staying in wet caves. 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：scientist、bats hunt；原文send out sounds to locate their food同义替换B。 A、D陷阱：无中生有，文中没有提到鱼、潮湿洞穴； C陷阱：偷换概念，原文只讲靠声音定位，没有说蝙蝠完全看不见。 典例3（2023·全国甲卷） 原文片段 Lucy designed a book shelf. Tom helped her fix it on the wall last Sunday. 题干 What can we learn from the text? A. Tom designed the bookshelf. B. Lucy put up the shelf alone. C. Tom helped Lucy fix the shelf. D. They bought a new shelf together. 【答案】C 【解析】 定位词：Lucy、Tom、bookshelf； A陷阱：张冠李戴，设计者是Lucy不是Tom； B陷阱：语义相反，是Tom帮忙，不是独自安装； D陷阱：无中生有，没有购买书架的信息。 变式巩固 变式1（2025届 长郡中学高三二模） 原文 Some students choose to take a gap year to travel before university. 题干 What is true according to the text? A. All students take a gap year to travel. B. A few students travel before going to college. C. No students can travel in their gap year. D. Students must travel for a whole year. 【答案】B 【解析】定位词：gap year、students；some 和 a few 同义。 A：限定词陷阱，some偷换为all；C反向干扰；D绝对化must，原文无强制要求。 变式2（2025届 合肥一六八中学高三一模） 原文 The guide showed visitors the old castle. The castle was built for the king hundreds of years ago. 题干 Which statement is correct? A. Visitors built the old castle. B. The guide built the castle for the king. C. The castle was made for the king long ago. D. The castle is still the home of the king now. 【答案】C 【解析】 A、B陷阱：张冠李戴，建造者不是游客、导游； D陷阱：无中生有，没有信息说明国王现在居住于此。 变式3（2024届 哈师大附中高三三模） 原文 The club holds outdoor activities once a month. The members can join or not as they wish. 题干 What do we know about the club? A. Members have to take part in every activity. B. The outdoor activities are held monthly. C. All activities take place indoors. D. The club meets every week. 【答案】B 【解析】once a month = monthly。 A：绝对化must，原文自愿参加；C反向干扰outdoor≠indoor；D偷换频率monthly改成every week。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $