专题03 选词填空-【题型易-必考题型】第五单元测试题型特训 2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册

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考前特训 专题03 选词填空 第五单元测试题型特训(苏州专用) 姓名:___________班级:___________座号:___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 选词填空是苏州卷里“词形变化”考查最集中的题型:10 篇短文、51 空,每空给出一个词或短语的“原形”,要求按句法需要变成正确形式后再填入。它真正考的不是“认不认识这个词”,而是三件事——这个词在句中作什么成分、该用什么词性、需不需要变单复数或时态。学生常见的情况是“词选对了,形式错了”,一空一分的题就这样丢掉。 二、命题形式与题量 10 篇按词数由短到长排列:45 词的蜜蜂、50 词的环境污染、59 词的工厂排污与治理、62 词的大熊猫、95 词的老虎(6 空)、105 词的座头鲸、107 词的热带雨林、110 词的秦岭、111 词的大象、113 词的老虎生态价值。方框里每篇给 5 个词(个别篇目给 6 个、设 6 空),要求“每个词或短语只用一次”。 设题形式有两种,本专题都收了:(1)主流形式,从方框中选词并用正确形式填空,占 9 篇;(2)变式,第 4 篇(大熊猫)的方框给的是 A—E 五个连接词(because / but / so / However / or),答案直接填字母,考的是句间逻辑而非词形。两种形式在 Part 1 已经注明,做题时先看方框内容判断属哪一种,再决定“要不要变形”。 三、核心考点分布 51 空按考查点可分为四类。第一类是词性转换,量最大:名词转动词(damage→damages)、形容词转副词(close→closely、main→mainly)、动词转名词(educate→Education)、动词转现在分词(build→building、die→dying)。第二类是谓语一致:主语单复数决定 be 动词与实义动词的形式,如 the earth is home to、the number has risen。第三类是比较等级:修饰 places、production 等名词时要用比较级或最高级,如 smaller、better、larger、largest、louder、worse。第四类是固定搭配整体填入,如 play a part in、be home to、hide from、live on、make laws、as a result、by law。 从“空的位置”也能预判答案:空在名词前,多半填形容词;空在动词前后,多半填副词;空在 be 动词后,多半填形容词或现在分词;空在介词后,多半填名词或动名词;空在句首且有逗号,多半是 However、As a result 这类连接词,且首字母必须大写。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等,真正的分水岭在“变形”上。同是选对词,写成 produce 与写成 produce 的正确形式,得分完全不同;同是副词,close 与 closely 意思不同(近的/密切地),选错词再变形也无效。此外,方框里常有 1 个词是干扰项(如 50 词篇给了 6 个词只设 5 空),必须先把五个空都定下来,剩下的那个才是多余项。 近年苏州卷的选词填空越来越喜欢“环保 + 动物保护”主题的说明文,且偏好在同一篇里混考“词性转换 + 主谓一致 + 固定搭配”三项。备考时应把“先定词性、再定形式、最后查首字母”当成固定动作,避免“凭语感填原形”。 一、四步解题法 第一步 通读全文,抓主题与时间线。先用一分钟读完不填,判断这篇讲什么(动物、环保、科技)、用什么时态(讲事实用一般现在时,讲故事用一般过去时)。时态一旦定下,动词的形式就有了大方向:全篇现在时,设空动词多半要加 -s 或 -ing;全篇过去时,多半用过去式。 第二步 逐空判词性,缩小候选范围。看空位前后:空前是冠词、形容词、介词,空后是名词,则空位填名词;空前是 be 动词或系动词,空位填形容词;空位修饰动词或形容词,填副词;空位在句首并有逗号,填连接词。判完词性,方框里符合该词性的往往只剩一两个,选择范围立刻收窄。 第三步 定形式:单复数、时态、比较级、大小写。确定用哪个词后,再问四个问题:主语是单数还是复数(决定 -s 与 is/are)、句子是什么时态(决定 -ed/-ing)、有没有 than 或 the(决定比较级/最高级)、是不是句首(决定首字母大写)。这一步是选词填空的主要失分点,四问缺一不可。 第四步 代入复读,查搭配与重复。把填好的词放回句中读一遍,重点检查三处:固定搭配是否完整(be home to 不能只写 home to)、同一词是否被用了两次(每词只用一次)、填完的句子主谓是否一致。最后确认多余的那个词确实没用到,才算完成。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】副词修饰动词,别填形容词——以 Passage 7 题 4 为例:原句是“We can plant more trees and work 4 with an environmental group.”,空位修饰动词 work,必须用副词。方框给的是 close,close 作形容词是“近的”,作副词要变 closely(密切地),与 with an environmental group 搭配意为“与环保组织密切合作”。这一空若填 close,语法上不算错但语义变成“近距离工作”,与句意不合。凡空位前后是实义动词,先想“要不要加 -ly”。 【点拨2】主语单数,谓语必须加 -s——以 Passage 7 题 3 为例:原句是“This not only makes many animals homeless but also 3 the balance of the ecosystem.”,主语 This 是单数,not only…but also 连接两个并列谓语,前一个已用 makes,后一个必须同样是第三人称单数形式,故 damage 变 damages。学生常在这里写 damage,理由是“前面已有 makes,后面用原形”,这是把并列谓语误当成“助动词 + 原形”。判断口诀:but also 后面若是独立谓语,形式要与前面的谓语保持一致。 【点拨3】be 动词随主语走,短语要整体还原——以 Passage 9 题 2 为例:原句是“Today, the earth 2 three species (种) of elephants”,主语 the earth 是单数,方框给的是 be home to,要整体填入并变 be 为 is,写成 is home to。这里有两个易错点:一是只写 home to 漏掉 be,二是写成 are home to 忘了主语是单数。看到方框里有 be 开头的短语,先在草稿上把 be 单独圈出来,再按主语定时态和单复数。 【点拨4】be + 现在分词表示“正在做”——以 Passage 5 题 5 为例:原句是“Now our country is 5 safe nature reserves (保护区) for tigers.”,空前有 is,空后是名词短语,句首又有 Now,说明是现在进行时,方框里的 build 要变 building。这一空若填 build,语法上“is build”直接错;若填 built,则时态变成被动,与“我国正在建保护区”的主动语态不符。凡空前是 is/are/was/were 且句中有 now、these days 一类时间词,优先考虑进行时。 【点拨5】for 后面接复数,理由不止一条——以 Passage 6 题 4 为例:原句是“They’ve got 4 for keeping whales safe.”,方框给的是 good reason。这里没有 a 或 one 限定,for keeping whales safe 又是“一系列理由”的语境,故用复数 good reasons。若写成 good reason,前面缺冠词,语法不通;若写成 a good reason,则与方框原形不符(不能自行加冠词)。判断口诀:可数名词单数前必须有冠词,句中无冠词就考虑复数。 【点拨6】句首空位先保大小写——以 Passage 3 题 1 为例:原句是“ 1 factories once ignored environmental rules, using…”,空位在句首、后接名词 factories,方框给 certain,作定语修饰 factories,句首必须写 Certain(C 大写)。同篇最后一空“ 5 , the environment is improving”填 As a result,句首的 A 大写、result 小写,短语内部的大小写也要照原形。凡空位落在句首,先把“词形”放一边,优先确认大小写:这是会做却丢分最多的地方。 【点拨7】形容词修饰名词,先看名词单复数——以 Passage 10 题 4 为例:原句是“Another reason is that wild lands are getting 4 .”,空前是 are getting(系动词结构),空后无名词,说明空位本身作表语,要用形容词比较级,方框给 small,变 smaller。这一空若填 small,语法成立但与前文“越来越小”的语义不合;若填 smallest,则缺少 the 且无比较范围。看到 get / become / grow 后面接形容词,先想比较级。 【点拨8】A—E 选项式看句间逻辑,不必变形——以 Passage 4 题 1 为例:第 4 篇方框给的是“A.because B.but C.so D.However E.or (否则)”,答案填字母。第一空原句是“Many people like them 1 they look cute with their black and white fur.”,前后是“喜欢”与“因为可爱”的因果关系,前果后因,用 because,选 A。这一篇的特殊之处在于“不需要变形”,但需要判断四类关系:因果(because / so)、转折(but / However)、选择或警告(or)。判断口诀:看两个分句是“同向”还是“反向”,同向找因果,反向找转折。 三、易错提醒 选对词不变形:这是选词填空第一大失分点,词性、单复数、时态三项至少要过一遍。 副词忘加 -ly:修饰动词、形容词、全句时用副词,close→closely、main→mainly 是高频考点。 主谓不一致:the number / the earth / This 都是单数,谓语要加 -s 或用 is。 句首不大写:Certain、However、As a result、Education 在句首必须大写,且短语内每个词的大小写要按原形。 固定搭配缺胳膊少腿:be home to 不能写成 home to,play a part in 不能漏 in,make laws 不能写成 make law。 同一词用两次:方框里每个词只用一次,若两空填了同一个词,必有一空错。 忽略多余干扰词:方框给 6 个词只设 5 空时,多出的那个词往往“看着也能填”,必须以“五空都通顺”为准。 Passage 1 play a part in be protect worry however Bees are very hard-working animals. They 1 the ecosystem of our planet. 2 , the number of bees 3 dropping, and scientists are 4 . Bees need our help and there is a lot people can do. Think about what you can do 5 one of the most amazing animals on earth. 【答案】 1.play a part in 2.However 3.is 4.worried 5.to protect 【导语】本文介绍了蜜蜂对地球生态系统的重要作用,同时指出蜜蜂数量正在下降、科学家对此十分担忧,呼吁人们行动起来保护这种神奇的动物。 【详解】1.句意:它们在我们星球的生态系统中发挥着重要作用。play a part in是固定短语,意为 “在……中起作用、参与”,主语They为复数,时态为一般现在时,用动词原形即可,符合 “蜜蜂对生态系统的作用”的语境。 2.句意:然而,蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此十分担忧。前文讲蜜蜂的重要性,后文讲蜜蜂数量下降的问题,前后为转折关系,用However“然而”,首字母大写,符合逻辑。 3.句意:然而,蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此十分担忧。the number of + 名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,本句为现在进行时,结构为be + 现在分词,因此用is。 4.句意:然而,蜜蜂的数量正在下降,科学家们对此十分担忧。be worried是固定表达,意为 “感到担忧的”,worry的形容词形式为worried,作表语,符合“科学家担忧蜜蜂数量”的语境。 5.句意:想想你可以做些什么来保护地球上最神奇的动物之一。此处用不定式to protect作目的状语,表示“做某事的目的是保护蜜蜂”,符合语境。 Passage 2 certain disasters As a result action suggestion worse Nowadays, 1 areas are facing serious pollution problems. The air and water are getting 2 , which has led to a growing number of natural 3 . 4 , many people’s health is affected, and the balance of nature is being destroyed. We must take 5 to cut down pollution and protect our planet before it’s too late. 【答案】 1.certain 2.worse 3.disasters 4.As a result 5.action 【导语】本文主要讲述了如今部分地区污染问题严峻,空气和水质变差,引发众多自然灾害,进而危害人类健康、破坏生态,呼吁我们采取行动减少污染、保护地球。 【详解】1.句意:如今,某些地区正面临严重的污染问题。空后“areas are facing serious pollution problems”,后文介绍污染带来的各种危害,此处表达部分地区存在污染问题。空格后是名词“areas”,需要用形容词修饰。应选certain,是形容词,意为“某些”,certain areas表示“某些地区”。 2.句意:空气和水质正变得更差。空前“are getting”以及后文污染带来的恶果,说明情况变得更糟糕,要用比较级。get是系动词,后接形容词比较级,表示“变得……”,应选worse。 3.句意:这引发了越来越多的自然灾害。 空前“a growing number of”表示“越来越多的”,后接可数名词复数。前文讲到空气和水变差,这种环境问题会引发自然灾害,应选disasters,是名词复数,natural disasters表示“自然灾害”。 4.句意:结果,许多人的健康受到影响,大自然的平衡正在遭到破坏。空前讲述污染引发自然灾害,空后是自然灾害带来的后果。前后是因果承接关系,应选As a result。该短语作插入语放句首,首字母大写。 5.句意:我们必须采取行动减少污染,保护我们的星球,以免为时过晚。空前是动词“take”,空后为不定式“to cut down pollution”表目的。固定搭配:take action意为“采取行动”,此处表达要行动起来治理污染,应选action。 Passage 3 as a result certain hide from round-the-clock upon 1 factories once ignored environmental rules, using 2 production that polluted rivers and air. Local animals suffered greatly—many birds and fish 3   the dirty environment, struggling to survive. People began to act: they stopped harmful production, cleaned waterways, and planted trees 4 the banks of rivers. 5 , the environment is improving, showing that small actions can make a big difference to our planet. 【答案】 1.Certain 2.round-the-clock 3.hid from 4.upon 5.As a result 【导语】本文讲述了“忽视环保导致生态破坏,人们采取行动后环境逐步改善”的过程,旨在传递“微小行动也能保护地球”的环保理念。 【详解】1.句意:某些工厂曾忽视环保规定,采用昼夜不停的生产模式,污染了河流与空气。根据“...factories once ignored environmental rules”可知,此处需要形容词修饰名词factories,结合备选词,certain“某些”符合语境,句首首字母要大写。故填Certain。 2.句意:某些工厂曾忽视环保规定,采用昼夜不停的生产模式,污染了河流与空气。根据“using...production that polluted rivers and air”可知,此处需要形容词修饰名词production,结合备选词,round-the-clock“昼夜不停的、全天候的”符合语境。故填round-the-clock。 3.句意:当地动物遭受了严重影响——许多鸟类和鱼类躲避脏乱的环境,挣扎求生。根据“many birds and fish...the dirty environment”可知,许多鸟类和鱼类躲避脏乱的环境,结合备选词,hide from“躲避”符合语境;结合“Local animals suffered greatly”可知,时态为一般过去时。故填hid from。 4.句意:人们开始行动:他们停止了有害生产、清理了水道,并在河岸上种树。根据“planted trees...the banks of rivers”可知,此处指在河岸上种树,结合备选词,upon“在……上”符合语境。故填upon。 5.句意:结果,环境正在改善,这表明微小的行动也能对我们的星球产生巨大影响。根据“the environment is improving”可知,“环境正在改善”是人们采取行动后的结果,此处需要表因果的衔接短语,结合备选词,as a result“结果”符合语境,句首首字母需大写。故填As a result。 Passage 4 A.because B.but C.so D.However E.or (否则) Pandas are lovely animals. Many people like them 1 they look cute with their black and white fur. Pandas mainly eat bamboo, 2 sometimes they also eat some other plants. 3 , there are not many pandas left in the world today. Their living places are becoming smaller, 4 they are in danger. We must take action to protect them, 5 we might lose these amazing animals forever. 【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.E 【导语】本文主要介绍了大熊猫。 【详解】1.句意:许多人喜欢它们,因为它们的黑白皮毛看起来很可爱根据“Many people like them”和“they look cute with their black and white fur”以及备选词可知,两者之间是因果关系,前果后因,所以用because“因为”引导一个原因状语从句。故选A。 2.句意:熊猫主要吃竹子,但有时也吃一些其他植物。根据“Pandas mainly eat bamboo”和“sometimes they also eat some other plants”以及备选词可知,两者之间是转折关系,所以用but“但是”。故选B。 3.句意:然而,今天世界上剩下的熊猫不多了。根据前文“Pandas are lovely animals. Many people like them...they look cute with their black and white fur.”和“there are not many pandas left in the world today”以及备选词可知,前后之间是转折关系,所以用However “然而”。故选D。 4.句意:他们的居住地越来越小,所以他们处于危险之中。根据“Their living places are becoming smaller”和“they are in danger”以及备选词可知,两者之间是因果关系,前因后果,所以用so“所以”。故选C。 5.句意:我们必须采取行动保护它们,否则我们可能会永远失去这些神奇的动物。根据“We must take action to protect them”和“we might lose these amazing animals forever”以及备选词可知,两者之间是条件关系,所以用or“否则”。故选E。 Passage 5 seldom choice better cut down powerful build Tigers are beautiful wild animals and they live in the forests. This kind of animal is really 1 . Its body is full of energy. Tigers once lived in many parts of our country. They 2 walked out of their living areas. But things began to change when people 3 too many forests. To live well, they didn’t have a 4 but to look for food by themselves. Now our country is 5 safe nature reserves (保护区) for tigers. More people realize it’s important to save them. With 6 places to live, we hope these amazing animals will always live healthily and safely. 【答案】 1.powerful 2.seldom 3.cut down 4.choice 5.building 6.better 【导语】本文介绍了老虎的特性,讲述了过去人类砍伐森林导致老虎生存空间被挤压、不得不外出觅食的生存困境,以及如今我国正通过建立自然保护区、改善老虎栖息环境来保护这一物种的现状。 【详解】1.句意:这种动物十分强壮有力。系动词is后接形容词作表语,后文“Its body is full of energy.”说明老虎充满力量,结合备选词,powerful意为“强壮有力的”,贴合老虎的外形特征,因此选powerful。 2.句意:它们很少走出自己的栖息地。本句主谓结构完整,需要副词修饰动词“walked”;结合备选词,seldom频度副词,意为“很少、不常”,描述老虎原本很少离开生存区域的状态,符合语境。 3.句意:但当人们砍伐大量森林后,一切开始改变。“when people...too many forests”是when引导的时间状语从句,从句中缺少谓语。结合备选词,cut down意为“砍伐”,符合人类砍树破坏老虎家园的语境,全文讲述过去发生的事,时态为一般过去时,cut的过去式仍为cut,因此填cut down。 4.句意:为了活下去,它们别无选择,只能自己外出寻找食物。根据“didn’t have a...but to look for food by themselves”以及备选词可知,此处指老虎别无选择,只能自己去寻求食物,choice意为“选择”,贴合森林被大量砍伐后老虎被迫觅食的处境。不定冠词a后接单数名词,故填choice。 5.句意:如今我国正在为老虎修建安全的自然保护区。根据“safe nature reserves”及备选词可知,此处指“修建”自然保护区,应选build;由空格前的“is”可知,本句时态为现在进行时,用来描述当下建设保护区的行动,因此需要将build变为现在分词形式building。 6.句意:有了更好的生存场所,我们希望这些神奇的动物能永远健康、安稳地生活。根据前文的“safe nature reserves for tigers”,以及“we hope these amazing animals will always live healthily and safely”,并结合备选词,可知此处暗含和过去破损的栖息地对比,保护区给老虎提供了更优质的生存环境,所以需要形容词比较级修饰名词places,因此选better。 Passage 6 as heavy as good reason throw rubbish loud by law Humpback whales (座头鲸) live in every sea. They can weigh as much as ninety thousand pounds. That’s 1 thirty cars. Male humpback whales sing songs! Their songs start with a faint hum (嗡嗡声). The sounds become 2 and might last up to 20 minutes. You can hear whale songs 20 miles away. Being huge does not keep these whales safe. Boats give out oil in the sea, which can make the whales sick. People 3 in the sea. It is hard for the whales to avoid oil and rubbish. Experts enjoy studying these animals and their songs. They’ve got 4 for keeping whales safe. Today, the humpback whale and its environment are protected 5 . 【答案】 1.as heavy as 2.louder 3.throw rubbish 4.good reasons 5.by law 【导语】本文介绍了座头鲸的生存现状,包含体型、发声特点,同时讲述海洋油污、垃圾对鲸类的危害,以及专家保护座头鲸的理由与相关法律保护措施。 【详解】1.句意:这和三十辆小汽车一样重。 空格前后对比座头鲸与汽车的重量,方框短语as heavy as表示“和……一样重”,直接匹配重量对比的语境,其余词汇无“重量对比”含义。 2.句意:声音会变得更大,持续时间可达20分钟。前文faint hum微弱声响,后文能远距离听见,说明声音变更大;become后接形容词比较级,loud的比较级louder表示“更响亮”,贴合音量由小变大的变化。 3.句意:人们将垃圾扔进海里,鲸鱼很难避开油污和垃圾。后半句出现rubbish垃圾,对应方框短语throw rubbish扔垃圾;句子描述普遍人类行为,主语People为复数,一般现在时谓语用原形。 4.句意:他们有充分的理由保护鲸鱼。固定搭配have got reasons for doing sth.表示“有理由做某事”;方框good reason,此处无单数限定词,用复数形式good reasons表多条合理缘由。 5.句意:如今,座头鲸及其栖息环境已受到法律的保护。空格修饰动词protected,需要方式状语;方框短语by law意为“依照法律、受法律保护”,贴合“法律保护动物”的语境,其余词汇无法表达该方式含义。 Passage 7 produce close be home to educate damage Rainforests cover only 6% of the earth’s surface, but they 1 over half of the world’s plants and animals. Rainforests take in carbon dioxide and 2 oxygen so they are called the “lungs of the earth”. However, rainforests are in great danger now. People cut them down for their own use. This not only makes many animals homeless but also 3 the balance of the ecosystem. We must take action to help solve the problem. We can plant more trees and work 4 with an environmental group. We can also encourage people to take their own chopsticks when eating out. 5 and knowledge are useful tools to help keep rainforests safe as well. 【答案】 1.are home to 2.produce 3.damages 4.closely 5.Education 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了热带雨林的重要作用、面临的危险以及我们可以采取的保护措施。 【详解】1.句意:热带雨林仅覆盖地球表面的6%,但它们是世界上超过一半的动植物的家园。根据“Rainforests cover only 6% of the earth’s surface, but they...over half of the world’s plants and animals.”可知,此处表示“是……的家园”,备选词“be home to”意为“是……的家园”,句子主语为“they”,be动词用are,故填are home to。 2.句意:热带雨林吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气,因此它们被称为“地球之肺”。根据“Rainforests take in carbon dioxide and...oxygen so they are called the ’lungs of the earth’.”可知,此处表示“产生氧气”,备选词“produce”意为“生产;产生”,句子时态为一般现在时,主语为 Rainforests,故填produce。 3.句意:这不仅使许多动物无家可归,而且破坏了生态系统的平衡。根据“This not only makes many animals homeless but also...the balance of the ecosystem.”可知,此处表示“破坏生态平衡”,备选词“damage”意为“破坏;损害”,句子主语为This,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填damages。 4.句意:我们可以种植更多的树,并与环保组织密切合作。根据“We can plant more trees and work...with an environmental group.”可知,此处表示“密切合作”,备选词“close”的副词形式“closely”意为“密切地”,修饰动词work,故填closely。 5.句意:教育和知识也是帮助保护热带雨林安全的有用工具。根据“...and knowledge are useful tools to help keep rainforests safe as well.”可知,此处表示“教育”,备选词“educate”的名词形式“Education”意为“教育”,与knowledge并列作主语,故填Education。 Passage 8 large be home to cover during somewhere Do you love plants? Do you want to go 1 to learn about them? Have you heard of the Qinling Mountains? They 2 an area of more than 50,000 square kilometres and they 3 a big number of wildlife. In 2017, after preparing for many years, the Qinling National Botanical Garden (国家植物园) opened to the public. It’s the 4 botanical garden in China. The Qinling National Botanical Garden is a window for tourists to enjoy nature. Every year, a lot of people come to visit it with pleasure 5 the holiday. Now, the government is building a national park in the area. The park will provide wildlife in the Qinling Mountains with a nicer living condition. How amazing! 【答案】 1.somewhere 2.cover 3.are home to 4.largest 5.during 【导语】本文是一篇说明文,以提问引出秦岭山脉,介绍其面积、野生动物资源及中国最大的秦岭国家植物园,提及假期游览热度及区域国家公园建设规划,展现秦岭的自然价值。 【详解】1.句意:你想去某个地方了解它们吗?根据前文“Do you want to go”及后文介绍秦岭国家植物园的学习价值可知,此处指“某个地方”,somewhere“某个地方”符合语境,故填somewhere。 2.句意:它们占地面积超过50,000平方公里,并且是大量野生动物的栖息地。根据“an area of more than 50,000 square kilometres”可知,此处指“覆盖面积”,cover“覆盖”符合语境,这句话是一般现在时,主语“They”为复数,谓语动词用原形,故填cover。 3.句意:它们占地面积超过50,000平方公里,并且是大量野生动物的栖息地。根据“a big number of wildlife”可知,此处指“是……的栖息地”,be home to“是……的家园/栖息地”符合语境,这句话时态为一般现在时,主语“They”为复数,be动词用are,故填are home to。 4.句意:它是中国最大的植物园。根据前文“the Qinling National Botanical Garden opened to the public”及定冠词“the”可知,此处需用形容词最高级,large“大的”的最高级为largest,故填largest。 5.句意:每年,很多人都喜欢在假期期间来参观它。根据“the holiday”可知,此处指“在……期间”,during“在……期间”符合语境,故填during。 Passage 9 keep growing Because of fall However be home to Elephants are the largest of all land animals. 1 , there are not many of them left in the world. Today, the earth 2 three species (种) of elephants: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant and the Asian elephant. World Elephant Day 3 on Aug. 12 every year. It calls on people to care more about the animal. In China, the Asian elephant is a first-class protected wild animal. The animal mainly lives in Yunnan. 4 China’s hard work, the number of elephants in China rose to about 300 by the end of 2021. In the past 10 years, the number has risen by about 100, China Daily reported. And the number 5 . China has made a great home for elephants. 【答案】 1.However 2.is home to 3.falls 4.Because of 5.keeps growing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大象作为陆地上最大的动物,目前数量稀少,并列举了地球上的三种大象以及世界大象日的日期。同时,文章重点介绍了中国对亚洲象的保护成效,包括主要栖息地、种群数量的增长以及中国为大象所营造的良好家园。 【详解】1.句意:然而,世界上剩下的大象不多了。上文提到“Elephants are the largest of all land animals.”,下文说“there are not many of them left in the world”,前后构成转折关系,应用However。 2.句意:今天,地球是三种大象的家园:非洲丛林象、非洲森林象和亚洲象。此处表示“是……的家园/栖息地”,应用be home to。主语“the earth”为第三人称单数,且描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,应填is home to。 3.句意:世界大象日于每年8月12日到来。此处需要一个动词作谓语,表示“(日期)在……”,应用fall on。主语“World Elephant Day”为第三人称单数,且描述的是一般事实,应用一般现在时,应填falls。 4.句意:由于中国的努力,到2021年底,中国大象的数量增长到了约300头。此处需要一个短语表示原因,应用Because of。注意首字母大写。 5.句意:据《中国日报》报道,在过去10年里,大象数量增加了约100头,而且这个数字还在持续增长。此处描述现阶段持续进行的状态,用现在进行时,主语the number是单数,keep doing sth.表示“持续做某事”,keep变为keeps,应用keeps growing。 Passage 10 small die main live on make laws Tigers are important and powerful members in the wild. Tigers 1 hunt for animals such as deer and wild pigs. Without tigers, these animals would eat too many plants. Then other animals would face serious problems if they 2 the plants. However, tigers are now in danger of 3 out completely. The biggest reason is the buying and selling of tiger body parts for money. Another reason is that wild lands are getting 4 . People around the world are working hard to save tigers. They try to protect more lands in tiger countries so that tigers can stay wild. Governments protect tigers by 5 to stop tiger business. If people work together, these beautiful animals may be saved. 【答案】 1.mainly 2.live on 3.dying 4.smaller 5.making laws 【导语】本文介绍了老虎在自然界的作用,以及如今面临灭绝的处境。 【详解】1.句意:老虎主要捕食鹿和野猪等动物。根据备选词及“hunt for animals such as deer and wild pigs.”可知,此处应是说老虎是主要以这些动物为食,修饰动词用副词,mainly表示“主要地”,符合语境。故填mainly。 2.句意:那么其他动物如果以这些植物为食就会面临严重的问题。根据备选词及“Without tigers...too many plants.”可知,提及这些动物会吃掉太多的植物,应是指的其他以植物为食的动物就会面临严重的问题,live on表示“以……为食”,符合语境。故填live on。 3. 句意:然而,老虎现在正处于完全灭绝的危险之中。根据备选词及“The biggest reason...parts for money.”可知,提及老虎处于危险中,应是在说其面临灭绝,die out表示“灭绝”,in danger of 后接动名词形式,die应变为dying。故填dying。 4.句意:另一个原因是因为荒地越来越小。根据备选词及“Another reason...are getting”可知,此处应是指荒地变得越来越小,所以老虎没有生存的地方,smaller表示“更小的”,符合语境。故填smaller。 5.句意:政府通过立法阻止老虎交易来保护老虎。根据备选词及“Governments protect...stop tiger business.”可知,此处是说通过立法来保护老虎,make laws表示“制定法律”,符合语境,介词by后加动名词。故填making laws。 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $考前特训 专题03 选词填空 第五单元测试题型特训(苏州专用) 姓名:___________班级:___________座号:___________ 内容提要 题型分析 解题指导 集中突破 一、题型定位 选词填空是苏州卷里“词形变化”考查最集中的题型:10 篇短文、51 空,每空给出一个词或短语的“原形”,要求按句法需要变成正确形式后再填入。它真正考的不是“认不认识这个词”,而是三件事——这个词在句中作什么成分、该用什么词性、需不需要变单复数或时态。学生常见的情况是“词选对了,形式错了”,一空一分的题就这样丢掉。 二、命题形式与题量 10 篇按词数由短到长排列:45 词的蜜蜂、50 词的环境污染、59 词的工厂排污与治理、62 词的大熊猫、95 词的老虎(6 空)、105 词的座头鲸、107 词的热带雨林、110 词的秦岭、111 词的大象、113 词的老虎生态价值。方框里每篇给 5 个词(个别篇目给 6 个、设 6 空),要求“每个词或短语只用一次”。 设题形式有两种,本专题都收了:(1)主流形式,从方框中选词并用正确形式填空,占 9 篇;(2)变式,第 4 篇(大熊猫)的方框给的是 A—E 五个连接词(because / but / so / However / or),答案直接填字母,考的是句间逻辑而非词形。两种形式在 Part 1 已经注明,做题时先看方框内容判断属哪一种,再决定“要不要变形”。 三、核心考点分布 51 空按考查点可分为四类。第一类是词性转换,量最大:名词转动词(damage→damages)、形容词转副词(close→closely、main→mainly)、动词转名词(educate→Education)、动词转现在分词(build→building、die→dying)。第二类是谓语一致:主语单复数决定 be 动词与实义动词的形式,如 the earth is home to、the number has risen。第三类是比较等级:修饰 places、production 等名词时要用比较级或最高级,如 smaller、better、larger、largest、louder、worse。第四类是固定搭配整体填入,如 play a part in、be home to、hide from、live on、make laws、as a result、by law。 从“空的位置”也能预判答案:空在名词前,多半填形容词;空在动词前后,多半填副词;空在 be 动词后,多半填形容词或现在分词;空在介词后,多半填名词或动名词;空在句首且有逗号,多半是 However、As a result 这类连接词,且首字母必须大写。 四、难度与趋势 整体难度中等,真正的分水岭在“变形”上。同是选对词,写成 produce 与写成 produce 的正确形式,得分完全不同;同是副词,close 与 closely 意思不同(近的/密切地),选错词再变形也无效。此外,方框里常有 1 个词是干扰项(如 50 词篇给了 6 个词只设 5 空),必须先把五个空都定下来,剩下的那个才是多余项。 近年苏州卷的选词填空越来越喜欢“环保 + 动物保护”主题的说明文,且偏好在同一篇里混考“词性转换 + 主谓一致 + 固定搭配”三项。备考时应把“先定词性、再定形式、最后查首字母”当成固定动作,避免“凭语感填原形”。 一、四步解题法 第一步 通读全文,抓主题与时间线。先用一分钟读完不填,判断这篇讲什么(动物、环保、科技)、用什么时态(讲事实用一般现在时,讲故事用一般过去时)。时态一旦定下,动词的形式就有了大方向:全篇现在时,设空动词多半要加 -s 或 -ing;全篇过去时,多半用过去式。 第二步 逐空判词性,缩小候选范围。看空位前后:空前是冠词、形容词、介词,空后是名词,则空位填名词;空前是 be 动词或系动词,空位填形容词;空位修饰动词或形容词,填副词;空位在句首并有逗号,填连接词。判完词性,方框里符合该词性的往往只剩一两个,选择范围立刻收窄。 第三步 定形式:单复数、时态、比较级、大小写。确定用哪个词后,再问四个问题:主语是单数还是复数(决定 -s 与 is/are)、句子是什么时态(决定 -ed/-ing)、有没有 than 或 the(决定比较级/最高级)、是不是句首(决定首字母大写)。这一步是选词填空的主要失分点,四问缺一不可。 第四步 代入复读,查搭配与重复。把填好的词放回句中读一遍,重点检查三处:固定搭配是否完整(be home to 不能只写 home to)、同一词是否被用了两次(每词只用一次)、填完的句子主谓是否一致。最后确认多余的那个词确实没用到,才算完成。 二、结合本次特训题目的实战点拨 【点拨1】副词修饰动词,别填形容词——以 Passage 7 题 4 为例:原句是“We can plant more trees and work 4 with an environmental group.”,空位修饰动词 work,必须用副词。方框给的是 close,close 作形容词是“近的”,作副词要变 closely(密切地),与 with an environmental group 搭配意为“与环保组织密切合作”。这一空若填 close,语法上不算错但语义变成“近距离工作”,与句意不合。凡空位前后是实义动词,先想“要不要加 -ly”。 【点拨2】主语单数,谓语必须加 -s——以 Passage 7 题 3 为例:原句是“This not only makes many animals homeless but also 3 the balance of the ecosystem.”,主语 This 是单数,not only…but also 连接两个并列谓语,前一个已用 makes,后一个必须同样是第三人称单数形式,故 damage 变 damages。学生常在这里写 damage,理由是“前面已有 makes,后面用原形”,这是把并列谓语误当成“助动词 + 原形”。判断口诀:but also 后面若是独立谓语,形式要与前面的谓语保持一致。 【点拨3】be 动词随主语走,短语要整体还原——以 Passage 9 题 2 为例:原句是“Today, the earth 2 three species (种) of elephants”,主语 the earth 是单数,方框给的是 be home to,要整体填入并变 be 为 is,写成 is home to。这里有两个易错点:一是只写 home to 漏掉 be,二是写成 are home to 忘了主语是单数。看到方框里有 be 开头的短语,先在草稿上把 be 单独圈出来,再按主语定时态和单复数。 【点拨4】be + 现在分词表示“正在做”——以 Passage 5 题 5 为例:原句是“Now our country is 5 safe nature reserves (保护区) for tigers.”,空前有 is,空后是名词短语,句首又有 Now,说明是现在进行时,方框里的 build 要变 building。这一空若填 build,语法上“is build”直接错;若填 built,则时态变成被动,与“我国正在建保护区”的主动语态不符。凡空前是 is/are/was/were 且句中有 now、these days 一类时间词,优先考虑进行时。 【点拨5】for 后面接复数,理由不止一条——以 Passage 6 题 4 为例:原句是“They’ve got 4 for keeping whales safe.”,方框给的是 good reason。这里没有 a 或 one 限定,for keeping whales safe 又是“一系列理由”的语境,故用复数 good reasons。若写成 good reason,前面缺冠词,语法不通;若写成 a good reason,则与方框原形不符(不能自行加冠词)。判断口诀:可数名词单数前必须有冠词,句中无冠词就考虑复数。 【点拨6】句首空位先保大小写——以 Passage 3 题 1 为例:原句是“ 1 factories once ignored environmental rules, using…”,空位在句首、后接名词 factories,方框给 certain,作定语修饰 factories,句首必须写 Certain(C 大写)。同篇最后一空“ 5 , the environment is improving”填 As a result,句首的 A 大写、result 小写,短语内部的大小写也要照原形。凡空位落在句首,先把“词形”放一边,优先确认大小写:这是会做却丢分最多的地方。 【点拨7】形容词修饰名词,先看名词单复数——以 Passage 10 题 4 为例:原句是“Another reason is that wild lands are getting 4 .”,空前是 are getting(系动词结构),空后无名词,说明空位本身作表语,要用形容词比较级,方框给 small,变 smaller。这一空若填 small,语法成立但与前文“越来越小”的语义不合;若填 smallest,则缺少 the 且无比较范围。看到 get / become / grow 后面接形容词,先想比较级。 【点拨8】A—E 选项式看句间逻辑,不必变形——以 Passage 4 题 1 为例:第 4 篇方框给的是“A.because B.but C.so D.However E.or (否则)”,答案填字母。第一空原句是“Many people like them 1 they look cute with their black and white fur.”,前后是“喜欢”与“因为可爱”的因果关系,前果后因,用 because,选 A。这一篇的特殊之处在于“不需要变形”,但需要判断四类关系:因果(because / so)、转折(but / However)、选择或警告(or)。判断口诀:看两个分句是“同向”还是“反向”,同向找因果,反向找转折。 三、易错提醒 选对词不变形:这是选词填空第一大失分点,词性、单复数、时态三项至少要过一遍。 副词忘加 -ly:修饰动词、形容词、全句时用副词,close→closely、main→mainly 是高频考点。 主谓不一致:the number / the earth / This 都是单数,谓语要加 -s 或用 is。 句首不大写:Certain、However、As a result、Education 在句首必须大写,且短语内每个词的大小写要按原形。 固定搭配缺胳膊少腿:be home to 不能写成 home to,play a part in 不能漏 in,make laws 不能写成 make law。 同一词用两次:方框里每个词只用一次,若两空填了同一个词,必有一空错。 忽略多余干扰词:方框给 6 个词只设 5 空时,多出的那个词往往“看着也能填”,必须以“五空都通顺”为准。 Passage 1 play a part in be protect worry however Bees are very hard-working animals. They 1 the ecosystem of our planet. 2 , the number of bees 3 dropping, and scientists are 4 . Bees need our help and there is a lot people can do. Think about what you can do 5 one of the most amazing animals on earth. Passage 2 certain disasters As a result action suggestion worse Nowadays, 1 areas are facing serious pollution problems. The air and water are getting 2 , which has led to a growing number of natural 3 . 4 , many people’s health is affected, and the balance of nature is being destroyed. We must take 5 to cut down pollution and protect our planet before it’s too late. Passage 3 as a result certain hide from round-the-clock upon 1 factories once ignored environmental rules, using 2 production that polluted rivers and air. Local animals suffered greatly—many birds and fish 3   the dirty environment, struggling to survive. People began to act: they stopped harmful production, cleaned waterways, and planted trees 4 the banks of rivers. 5 , the environment is improving, showing that small actions can make a big difference to our planet. Passage 4 A.because B.but C.so D.However E.or (否则) Pandas are lovely animals. Many people like them 1 they look cute with their black and white fur. Pandas mainly eat bamboo, 2 sometimes they also eat some other plants. 3 , there are not many pandas left in the world today. Their living places are becoming smaller, 4 they are in danger. We must take action to protect them, 5 we might lose these amazing animals forever. Passage 5 seldom choice better cut down powerful build Tigers are beautiful wild animals and they live in the forests. This kind of animal is really 1 . Its body is full of energy. Tigers once lived in many parts of our country. They 2 walked out of their living areas. But things began to change when people 3 too many forests. To live well, they didn’t have a 4 but to look for food by themselves. Now our country is 5 safe nature reserves (保护区) for tigers. More people realize it’s important to save them. With 6 places to live, we hope these amazing animals will always live healthily and safely. Passage 6 as heavy as good reason throw rubbish loud by law Humpback whales (座头鲸) live in every sea. They can weigh as much as ninety thousand pounds. That’s 1 thirty cars. Male humpback whales sing songs! Their songs start with a faint hum (嗡嗡声). The sounds become 2 and might last up to 20 minutes. You can hear whale songs 20 miles away. Being huge does not keep these whales safe. Boats give out oil in the sea, which can make the whales sick. People 3 in the sea. It is hard for the whales to avoid oil and rubbish. Experts enjoy studying these animals and their songs. They’ve got 4 for keeping whales safe. Today, the humpback whale and its environment are protected 5 . Passage 7 produce close be home to educate damage Rainforests cover only 6% of the earth’s surface, but they 1 over half of the world’s plants and animals. Rainforests take in carbon dioxide and 2 oxygen so they are called the “lungs of the earth”. However, rainforests are in great danger now. People cut them down for their own use. This not only makes many animals homeless but also 3 the balance of the ecosystem. We must take action to help solve the problem. We can plant more trees and work 4 with an environmental group. We can also encourage people to take their own chopsticks when eating out. 5 and knowledge are useful tools to help keep rainforests safe as well. Passage 8 large be home to cover during somewhere Do you love plants? Do you want to go 1 to learn about them? Have you heard of the Qinling Mountains? They 2 an area of more than 50,000 square kilometres and they 3 a big number of wildlife. In 2017, after preparing for many years, the Qinling National Botanical Garden (国家植物园) opened to the public. It’s the 4 botanical garden in China. The Qinling National Botanical Garden is a window for tourists to enjoy nature. Every year, a lot of people come to visit it with pleasure 5 the holiday. Now, the government is building a national park in the area. The park will provide wildlife in the Qinling Mountains with a nicer living condition. How amazing! Passage 9 keep growing Because of fall However be home to Elephants are the largest of all land animals. 1 , there are not many of them left in the world. Today, the earth 2 three species (种) of elephants: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant and the Asian elephant. World Elephant Day 3 on Aug. 12 every year. It calls on people to care more about the animal. In China, the Asian elephant is a first-class protected wild animal. The animal mainly lives in Yunnan. 4 China’s hard work, the number of elephants in China rose to about 300 by the end of 2021. In the past 10 years, the number has risen by about 100, China Daily reported. And the number 5 . China has made a great home for elephants. Passage 10 small die main live on make laws Tigers are important and powerful members in the wild. Tigers 1 hunt for animals such as deer and wild pigs. Without tigers, these animals would eat too many plants. Then other animals would face serious problems if they 2 the plants. However, tigers are now in danger of 3 out completely. The biggest reason is the buying and selling of tiger body parts for money. Another reason is that wild lands are getting 4 . People around the world are working hard to save tigers. They try to protect more lands in tiger countries so that tigers can stay wild. Governments protect tigers by 5 to stop tiger business. If people work together, these beautiful animals may be saved. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题03 选词填空-【题型易-必考题型】第五单元测试题型特训  2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册-第1页
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专题03 选词填空-【题型易-必考题型】第五单元测试题型特训  2026-2027学年译林版英语八年级上册-第3页
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