精品解析：北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第一学期期中考试试卷高二英语

北京市第二十中学2025—2026学年第一学期期中考试试卷 高二英语 （时间：90分钟 满分：100分 为选择性必修一模块考试） 班级________________ 姓名________________ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 All my friends had made the football cheerleading team except me. My name was ___1___ from the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belong. I fought back tears, wanting to be strong. Knowing that next year would bring a new round of try-outs, I started practicing and was determined to see my name on the list. However, my dad suggested that I get involved in a school-sport-___3___ as anyone could sign up with no try-outs. I had no idea what I was getting myself into. I only ___4___ I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again. On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could. Race after race, I continued to feel my lungs burning from the ___5___. I guessed that I wanted to ___6___ myself to see if I could improve my running time. The next year when spring came around, I was thrilled to make the football cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter from a new cross-country coach, ___7___ me to join his running team. I didn’t have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading, ___8___ the fact that I followed my heart. When I called the coach and told him I would give it a try, I never realized that one simple ___9___ would change the direction of my life. Within one year, I became one of the fastest female cross-country runners. We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd. And when I chose to be a runner, I chose to be _____10_____ to myself. 1. A. coming B. missing C. turning D. changing 2. A. but B. so C. or D. for 3. A. throwing B. cheerleading C. football D. running 4. A. recorded B. heard C. figured D. concluded 5. A. effort B. diseases C. needs D. interest 6. A. accept B. challenge C. express D. treat 7. A. sending B. asking C. teaching D. reminding 8. A. in case of B. in spite of C. rather than D. other than 9. A. decision B. complaint C. evaluation D. expectation 10. A. friendly B. tolerant C. true D. respectful 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在足球队落选后，选择参加无需选拔的跑步队，在挑战自我的过程中不断努力，最终成为了一名优秀的越野赛跑选手的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：名单上没有我的名字。A. coming来；B. missing错过，思念；C. turning转身；D. changing改变。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belong.”可知，作者的名字没有出现在足球啦啦队名单上。这里missing为形容词，在句中作表语，表示“缺席的；不在的”。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我仍然和他们一起吃午饭，仍然为他们讲的笑话发笑，但我觉得自己好像不属于这里。A. but但是；B. so因此；C. or或者；D. for因为。根据“I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes,”和“I felt as if I didn’t belong.”可知，两句之间为转折关系。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我父亲建议我参加一项学校运动——跑步，因为任何人都可以报名参加，不需要经过选拔。A. throwing投掷；B. cheerleading啦啦队；C. football足球；D. running跑步。根据下文“On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could.”可知，作者参加了跑步队。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我只是想我可能会参加直到我再次成为啦啦队员。A. recorded记录；B. heard听说；C. figured认为，想；D. concluded推断。根据“I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again.”可知，此处表示作者当时的想法。故选C。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场又一场的比赛，我仍然感到我的肺在努力燃烧。A. efforts努力；B. diseases疾病；C. needs需要；D. interest兴趣。根据“On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could.”可知，作者在跑步队很努力。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我猜我想挑战一下自己，看看我是否能提高我的跑步时间。A. accept接受；B. challenge挑战；C. express表达；D. treat对待。根据“to see if I could improve my running time.”可知，作者想挑战自己。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二年春天来临的时候，我兴奋地加入了足球啦啦队，但令人难以置信的是，我收到了一位新的越野教练的来信，邀请我加入他的跑步队。A. sending发送；B. asking邀请；C. teaching教；D. reminding提醒。根据“I received a letter from a new cross-country coach,”可知，新的越野教练邀请作者加入跑步队。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我没有理由选择跑步而不是啦啦队，除了我跟随自己的心。A. in case of万一；B. in spite of尽管；C. rather than而不是；D. other than除了。根据“I didn’t have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading,”可知，除了听从自己的内心，作者没有选择啦啦队，而是选择了跑步。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打电话给教练，告诉他我要试一试时，我从未意识到一个简单的决定会改变我的生活方向。A. decision决定；B. complaint抱怨；C. evaluation评价；D. expectation期待。根据“would change the direction of my life.”可知，一个简单的决定改变了作者的生活方向。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我选择成为一名跑步者时，我选择做真实的自己。A. friendly友好的；B. tolerant宽容的；C. true真实的；D. respectful有礼貌的。根据“We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd.”可知，作者选择做一个真正的自己，而不是随波逐流。故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered ____11____ poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother ____12____ (give) her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona reached into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in ____13____ basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for yourself,” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought ____14____ (happy).” 【答案】11. in 12. had given 13. the 14. happiness 【解析】 【导语】文章讲述了小女孩Rona把祖母给她的生日钱捐出去帮助贫困地区的人，在奉献中收获了快乐。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：我的六岁女儿Rona认真听着广播里关于贫困地区人们所遭受苦难的报道。结合“people suffered”可知，此处应用固定搭配in poor areas，表示“在贫困地区”，介词in用来限定地点范围。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：那是Rona生日后的第二天，祖母已经给了她一些钱。空处作谓语，结合“It was the day after Rona’s birthday”可知，“祖母给钱”是在Rona生日那天，即过去的过去发生的事，时态应用过去完成时。 【13题详解】 考查冠词。句意：当捐款篮传过来的时候，Rona把手伸进口袋，掏出自己的生日礼金，放进了这个篮子里。上文已经提到了the offering basket，此处再次特指这个捐款篮，用定冠词the。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：我买到了快乐。空处作bought的宾语，名词happiness符合题意，意为“幸福，快乐”，是不可数名词。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity? ____15____ (eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at recommended levels gained 3-4 years of life ____16____ (compare) to those who were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live longer and experience better health than their unhappy peers, ____17____ highlights the importance of mental well-being for a long and healthy life. 【答案】15. Eating 16. compared 17. which 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍长寿的一些秘诀，合理饮食、坚持锻炼很重要，同时积极快乐的心态、良好的心理健康也有助于人们长寿。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃合适的食物起到很大的作用。此处作句子的主语，eat应用非谓语形式；此处陈述普遍道理，用动名词，句首单词首字母大写。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一项研究发现，按照推荐水平锻炼的人相比不运动的人，寿命多3至4年。此处为非谓语，people和compare为被动关系，应用过去分词compared作状语。 【17题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：此外，幸福和寿命之间也存在关联 —— 拥有积极人生观的快乐的人，往往比不快乐的同龄人活得更久、身体更健康，这凸显了心理健康对于健康长寿的重要性。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整句话内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour ___20___ (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased. 【答案】18. What 19. reviews 20. was observed 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，已经发现176种鸟类用塑料袋和渔网等人类垃圾筑巢。科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。 【18题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：科学家们担心的是，这些材料会伤害雏鸟甚至成年鸟。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事物应用what，首字母大写。故填What。 【19题详解】 考查时态。句意：这项研究回顾了覆盖近35000个巢穴的研究，发现除南极洲外，所有大陆的鸟类都在巢穴中使用人造材料。根据后文and finds可知为一般现在时，主语为study，谓语用三单形式。故填reviews。 【20题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：尽管早在19世纪30年代就观察到了这种行为，但近年来这种行为无疑有所增加。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in the 1830s可知发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为behaviour，谓语用单数。故填was observed。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A If you would like to volunteer abroad, you’ve come to the right place. Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook. Medical and Healthcare Projects If you’re a medical student hoping to gain some valuable experience, we have suitable placements for you. We have projects, which can really use the skills of qualified volunteers, such as doctors, nurses, dentists and a whole range of professions. If you are unskilled, but have an interest and would like to assist in this field then you can also help in many project areas. Sports Coaching Projects Our sports volunteer projects involve children of different ages and abilities, or sometimes adults as well. Therefore, anyone with sports coaching skills will be put to very good use, trying to bring on the African sports stars of the future. You’ll be able to help organize sporting activities, teach new sports to the children, coach them in their sports sessions and even play football against the local team-don’t expect to win! Wildlife and Conservation Projects Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation. However, there are some major positives, generally based in some of the most amazing natural areas. They get you behind the scenes of places that tourists will often pay large amounts of money to visit on holiday. If you have relevant conservation experience or qualifications, or as part of your studies, then please get in touch. 21. In Wildlife and Conservation Projects, you will ______. A. pay for the holiday visits B. organize community activities C. provide medical services D. handle the human-wildlife conflicts 22. What benefits can you get from the three projects? A. Professional trainings. B. Qualification promotion. C. Work experience. D. Historical adventures. 23. The passage is intended to ______. A. describe life in Africa B. share traveling memories C. introduce volunteering projects D. explain the importance of working abroad 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Wildlife and Conservation Projects部分“Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation.(在非洲做野生动物保护志愿者有时是一项艰巨的工作，因为你必须处理人类与野生动物的冲突，并确保当地社区从保护中受益)”可知，在野生动物和保护项目中，您将处理人类与野生动物之间的冲突。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，你可以从这三个项目中获得工作经验。故选C项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook.(这里有各种各样的志愿服务机会，包括非洲的医疗、体育和野生动物保护，这有助于获得实际的国际工作经验，并学到课本上永远不会学到的东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了三个非洲的志愿者服务项目。故选C项。 B Mouth open in wonder and horror, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in front of him on the picnic table. “Can we eat it?” he asks his mum. “Can I take it as a travel companion?” In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. Over the months, the world constantly unveiled (显露) itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. In Thailand, they touched an elephant, calling out in surprise at how rough it felt. Rarely did they talk about why they were abroad in the first place, with one exception. While travelling along a dusty Mongolian highway last summer, Laurent, who had seemed unaware of what was to come, asked, “What does it mean to be blind? How will I cross the street? Will I be able to drive a car?” “It’s like when you have your eyes closed,” his mother said. “It won’t happen overnight, but slowly, over years. ”Being blind, she continued, didn’t mean the end of the world. Rather, the world would be different. Nothing would prevent them from doing most things, including skiing, swimming or even becoming scientists who worked on cures for their disease. Laurent nodded, then went back to making up his own games to pass the time. The four kids will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive eyesight loss. By far, it has no effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they’re blind or not. The trip has reinforced (增强) what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way. Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. “Today, my eyesight is good and I’m going to make the most of it, ”says Mia. “Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. ” 24. According to the passage, what did the family experience on their trip? A. They did the farm work. B. They took elephant rides. C. They completed zoo tours. D. They enjoyed the folk dance. 25. What made Laurent’s parents decide to quit their jobs? A. Their kids’ health. B. Their work challenges. C. Their family dreams. D. Their passion for nature. 26. What did the trip mainly bring to the kids? A. Strong bodies. B. Social skills. C. Positive mindset. D. Language ability. 27. What can we mainly conclude from this passage? A. Travelling is to seek for an interesting life. B. Nothing is impossible to a determined heart. C. One’s potential cannot always be underrated. D. Treasure what you have and live life to the fullest. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子去环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. (在博茨瓦纳，孩子们与穿制服的学童一起玩拍蛋糕游戏，在坦桑尼亚，他们与当地人一起尝试非洲传统舞蹈，并住在香蕉农场。)”可知，这家人很喜欢民间舞蹈。故选D项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. (2022年初，劳伦特的父母决定辞职。他们带着他们的四个孩子，Mia、Léo、Colin和Laurent，旅行了52000英里，访问了13个国家。)”和文章最后一段“Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. (每天，他们的父母都看着孩子们在身体和情感上发生变。化)”可知，劳伦特的父母决定辞职是为了带孩子们去看世界，是为了让孩子们身心健康。故选A项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. “Today, my eyesight is good and I’m going to make the most of it, ”says Mia. “Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. ” (劳伦特长高了，需要更多的独立性。Léo和Colin都变得更加自信和外向，不怕与陌生人交往。米娅说：“今天，我的视力很好，我将充分利用它。明天，我们将迎接挑战。”)”可知，旅行让孩子们有非常积极的心态。故选C项。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第四段“However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they’re blind or not. (然而，他们的父母仍然希望他们的孩子过上充实的生活，无论他们是否失明。)”可知，文章主要讲述劳伦特的父母带着他们的四个成年后会失明的孩子环游世界，体现出一种要珍惜现在所拥有的并尽情享受生活的人生态度。故选D项。 C When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires. Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them. Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise (“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure (“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello groupthink. To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise. Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voice s are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter. Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups — but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition. 28. Both John Smith and the author may agree that brainstorming meetings fail to ______. A. assess humans potential B. simplify problems quickly C. accept possible good ideas D. get the most out of individuals 29. What does the underlined word “lopsided” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Informal. B. Unbalanced. C. Improper. D. Unpleasant. 30. The author writes this passage mainly to ______. A. challenge a conclusion B. make a comparison C. advocate a practice D. introduce a research 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.”(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”)”可知，约翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能。故选D。 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. (在头脑风暴会议中，参与很容易变得lopsided，有利于最自负、最响亮的声音和最有权势的人)”可知，头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易倾向于最自负、声音最大和最有权势的人，即变得不平衡。故划线词意思是“不平衡的”。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好不要进行头脑风暴，而是转向一种叫做“头脑写作”的过程)”以及倒数第二段“Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. (组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效)”结合文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提倡一种做法。故选C。 D The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences. Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”. Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world. The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous. But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope. 31. The attribution studies imply that ____. A. policies addressing climate issues are ineffective B. it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating C. the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable D. humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters 32. How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis? A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Puzzled. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. The global south is in urgent need of financial support. B. The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble. C. Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent. D. The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked. 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To urge the public to follow the science. B. To persuade the scientists to further their study. C. To assess the current policy on the climate crisis. D. To confirm the public’s concern for global heating. 【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(报告显示，温室气体排放大大增加了强烈热浪、飓风和洪水发生的可能性。它还详细说明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome” across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.(直到21世纪初，当第一批归因研究发表时，很难将大气中的二氧化碳与全球变暖的明显影响联系起来。多亏了越来越多的研究，现在我们知道了。如果没有人为造成的气候变化，去年夏天全球破纪录的“热穹顶”几乎是不可能的)”可知，归因研究表明，气候变暖是人类造成的，人类应为灾害的增加负责。故选D项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”.(Bill McGuire教授在新书《温室地球》中认为，我们已经到了将危险降至最低视为“气候绥靖”的阶段)”可知，Bill McGuire认为现在人们只是降低危险，但对气候变暖不加抵制，退让屈服，从而对当前的气候危机感到担忧。故选A项。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.(最令人担忧的全球趋势是，除了排放量仍在上升，这意味着我们正朝着2.5°C的升温方向发展之外，它已经以出乎意料的速度造成混乱。考虑到我们现在所知道的1°C变暖的影响，可以毫不夸张地说，这种趋势是灾难性的)”可知，全球变暖的加速带来了麻烦。故选B项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution( 归因 ) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(一个由400多项极端天气归因研究组成的新数据库背后的科学家们提供了一项重要服务。这项工作汇集了每一项此类研究，应该会在决策和竞选活动中产生更大的紧迫感。这表明，强烈的热浪、飓风和洪水都更有可能是由温室气体排放造成的。它阐明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure. ___35___ However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them. ___36___ That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. ___37___ And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. ___38___ Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. ___39___ And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. A. Food is essential for our survival. B. These associations can go the other way, too. C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D. It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. 【答案】35. E 36. A 37. G 38. B 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍舒适食物的科学。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Certain foods always give us much pleasure. (某些食物总是给我们带来很多快乐。)”可知，这里提到某些食物给我们带来了快乐，接下来可以解释它的原因。选项E“它们的味道和营养成分会影响我们的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选E。 【36题详解】 根据下文“That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. (这就是为什么我们的大脑会通过释放一种增强情绪的化学物质来奖励我们吃任何东西。但任何吃过苹果派的人都知道，甜食会让我们感觉特别好。一项研究发现，与对甜味不太敏感的人相比，对甜味特别敏感的人对含糖食物的大脑奖励反应更强。)”可知，这一段介绍吃东西对我们的好处。选项A“食物对我们的生存至关重要。”和下文意思一致。故选A。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. (然而，有些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。)”可知，这里说明人们对不同的食物有不同的反应。选项G“毕竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品。”和上文意思一致。故选G。 【38题详解】 根据下文“Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. (有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到难过。我们也可能会避免吃那些与糟糕经历有关的食物。我从8岁起就没有吃过农家奶酪，因为这是我胃疼得从床上滚下来之前最后吃的东西。)”可知，这一段介绍的是有的食物会让人想到糟糕的经历，和上一段正好相反。选项B“这些关联也可以反过来。”和下文意思一致。故选B。 【39题详解】 根据上文“In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. (除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境也很重要。)”可知，这里提到我们吃食物的环境也很重要，接下来要解释重要的原因。选项D“它决定了我们此刻有多喜欢它们。”和上文意思一致。故选D。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 40. What does “nomophobia” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 41. Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 42. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 43. To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章说明了什么是“无手机恐惧症”以及作者因为感觉被智能手机困住，而听从儿子的建议，戒掉了手机的经历。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”.(当我们暂时找不到它们时，就会产生焦虑或恐慌的感觉。一些心理学家称之为“无手机恐惧症”)”可知，“无手机恐惧症”指的是我们暂时找不到智能手机时产生的焦虑或恐慌感。故答案为It refers to a feeling of anxiety or panic that we have when we temporarily can’t find our smartphones. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. (我经常向我的丈夫和我七岁的儿子路易斯抱怨，我觉得自己被它困住了。)”和第三段“Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!”(然后，去年夏天的一天，当我和路易斯一起玩的时候，我又一次被叮叮当当的声音分散了注意力。他终于提醒了我我的抱怨，但他用恳求的语气说：“妈妈，快放弃吧!”)”可知，作者决定放弃她的智能手机是因为她觉得自己被智能手机困住了，儿子让她放弃。故答案为Because she felt trapped by her smartphone and her son asked her to give it up. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person.(但是，正如我所学到的，当我们被迫通过声音与声音进行交流时，我们会发现自己与那个人的联系更加紧密)”可知，错误的部分是“we will find it awkward”，根据作者的说法，当我们和朋友打电话时，我们会发现自己和他/她更亲近。故答案为▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. According to the author, we will find ourselves more bonded to the friend when talking with him/her on the phone. 【43题详解】 考查开放答题。根据“除了文中提到的方法，你能做些什么来避免‘无手机恐惧症’？”可知，为了避免“无手机恐惧症”，人们可以考虑定期远离科技产品，参加线下活动。此外，当你不需要手机的时候，你可以关掉手机或把它放在家里，把注意力集中在你周围的人和事上。故答案为To avoid nomophobia, one can consider taking regular breaks from technology and engaging in offline activities. Besides, you can turn off your phone or leave it at home when you don’t need it, and focusing on the people and things around you. 第二节（20分） 44. 最近，你班班会课上就“Success is determined by efforts.”展开了辩论，同学们看法不一。请你根据以下内容，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，内容包括： 1、支持的观点及理由； 2、反对的观点及理由； 3、你的观点及理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently, our class held a heated debate on whether success is determined by efforts. Some students are in favour of this view. They argue that nothing can replace hard work. Continuous efforts help us gain knowledge and skills, paving the way for our success. However, others disagree. They say success is influenced by many other factors such as opportunities and luck. People may devote themselves to what they do yet end up failing without proper chances. From my perspective, efforts matter most. Luck and chances are temporary and unpredictable. Only through steady efforts can we get well-prepared and grasp opportunities once they appear. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生围绕主题“Success is determined by efforts”写一篇短文，介绍班会上辩论双方支持与反对的观点及理由，并表达自己的观点和理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激烈的：heated→fierce 赞同：be in favour of →approve of 持续的：continuous→sustained 致力于：devote oneself to→commit oneself to 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Continuous efforts help us gain knowledge and skills, paving the way for our success. 拓展句：Continuous efforts help us gain knowledge and skills, which paves the way for our success. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, our class held a heated debate on whether success is determined by efforts.(运用了whether引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Continuous efforts help us gain knowledge and skills, paving the way for our success. (运用了现在分词作状语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第二十中学2025—2026学年第一学期期中考试试卷 高二英语 （时间：90分钟 满分：100分 为选择性必修一模块考试） 班级________________ 姓名________________ 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 All my friends had made the football cheerleading team except me. My name was ___1___ from the list. I still sat with them at lunch, still laughed at their jokes, ___2___ I felt as if I didn’t belong. I fought back tears, wanting to be strong. Knowing that next year would bring a new round of try-outs, I started practicing and was determined to see my name on the list. However, my dad suggested that I get involved in a school-sport-___3___ as anyone could sign up with no try-outs. I had no idea what I was getting myself into. I only ___4___ I might participate in it until I made the cheerleading team again. On the track team, running pushed me to work harder than I ever knew I could. Race after race, I continued to feel my lungs burning from the ___5___. I guessed that I wanted to ___6___ myself to see if I could improve my running time. The next year when spring came around, I was thrilled to make the football cheerleading team, when, incredibly, I received a letter from a new cross-country coach, ___7___ me to join his running team. I didn’t have a reason for choosing running over cheerleading, ___8___ the fact that I followed my heart. When I called the coach and told him I would give it a try, I never realized that one simple ___9___ would change the direction of my life. Within one year, I became one of the fastest female cross-country runners. We can be who we were born to be or we can just follow the crowd. And when I chose to be a runner, I chose to be _____10_____ to myself. 1. A. coming B. missing C. turning D. changing 2. A. but B. so C. or D. for 3. A. throwing B. cheerleading C. football D. running 4. A. recorded B. heard C. figured D. concluded 5. A. effort B. diseases C. needs D. interest 6. A. accept B. challenge C. express D. treat 7. A. sending B. asking C. teaching D. reminding 8. A. in case of B. in spite of C. rather than D. other than 9. A. decision B. complaint C. evaluation D. expectation 10. A. friendly B. tolerant C. true D. respectful 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My six-year-old daughter, Rona, listened attentively to the radio on the hardships people suffered ____11____ poor areas. It was the day after Rona’s birthday and her grandmother ____12____ (give) her some money. When the offering basket came around, Rona reached into her pocket, pulled out her birthday money, and put it in ____13____ basket. “Your grandmother wanted you to use that to buy something nice for yourself,” I said. “I did,” Rona replied with a big smile. “I bought ____14____ (happy).” B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Some people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity? ____15____ (eat) the right food plays a big role. Exercise is also important. A study found that people who exercised at recommended levels gained 3-4 years of life ____16____ (compare) to those who were inactive. In addition, there is also a link between happiness and lifespan — happy people with a positive outlook on life tend to live longer and experience better health than their unhappy peers, ____17____ highlights the importance of mental well-being for a long and healthy life. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A study shows 176 bird species have been found to build nests with human litter, such as plastic bags and fishing nets. ___18___ worries the scientists is that such materials can harm chicks and even adult birds. The study ___19___ (review) research covering almost 35,000 nests and finds that birds use human-made materials in nests on all continents except Antarctica. While such behaviour ___20___ (observe) as early as in the 1830s, in recent years it has undoubtedly increased. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 A If you would like to volunteer abroad, you’ve come to the right place. Here are a variety of volunteering opportunities, including medical, sports, and wildlife conservation in Africa, which can help gain hands-on international work experience and learn things you’ll never get out of a textbook. Medical and Healthcare Projects If you’re a medical student hoping to gain some valuable experience, we have suitable placements for you. We have projects, which can really use the skills of qualified volunteers, such as doctors, nurses, dentists and a whole range of professions. If you are unskilled, but have an interest and would like to assist in this field then you can also help in many project areas. Sports Coaching Projects Our sports volunteer projects involve children of different ages and abilities, or sometimes adults as well. Therefore, anyone with sports coaching skills will be put to very good use, trying to bring on the African sports stars of the future. You’ll be able to help organize sporting activities, teach new sports to the children, coach them in their sports sessions and even play football against the local team-don’t expect to win! Wildlife and Conservation Projects Wildlife conservation volunteering in Africa can be hard work at times as you have to deal with the human-wildlife conflicts and ensure local communities benefit from conservation. However, there are some major positives, generally based in some of the most amazing natural areas. They get you behind the scenes of places that tourists will often pay large amounts of money to visit on holiday. If you have relevant conservation experience or qualifications, or as part of your studies, then please get in touch. 21. In Wildlife and Conservation Projects, you will ______. A. pay for the holiday visits B. organize community activities C. provide medical services D. handle the human-wildlife conflicts 22. What benefits can you get from the three projects? A. Professional trainings. B. Qualification promotion. C. Work experience. D. Historical adventures. 23. The passage is intended to ______. A. describe life in Africa B. share traveling memories C. introduce volunteering projects D. explain the importance of working abroad B Mouth open in wonder and horror, Laurent Pelletier stares at the bush cricket that has landed in front of him on the picnic table. “Can we eat it?” he asks his mum. “Can I take it as a travel companion?” In early 2022, Laurent’s parents decided to quit their jobs. They took their four children, Mia, Léo, Colin, and Laurent, travelled over 52, 000 miles and visited 13 countries. Over the months, the world constantly unveiled (显露) itself. The kids played pat-a-cake with uniformed schoolchildren in Botswana, and while in Tanzania they tried African traditional dances with locals and stayed on a banana farm. In Thailand, they touched an elephant, calling out in surprise at how rough it felt. Rarely did they talk about why they were abroad in the first place, with one exception. While travelling along a dusty Mongolian highway last summer, Laurent, who had seemed unaware of what was to come, asked, “What does it mean to be blind? How will I cross the street? Will I be able to drive a car?” “It’s like when you have your eyes closed,” his mother said. “It won’t happen overnight, but slowly, over years. ”Being blind, she continued, didn’t mean the end of the world. Rather, the world would be different. Nothing would prevent them from doing most things, including skiing, swimming or even becoming scientists who worked on cures for their disease. Laurent nodded, then went back to making up his own games to pass the time. The four kids will become blind, likely in adulthood. They have a disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive eyesight loss. By far, it has no effective treatment, and it will gradually take away their eyesight. However, their parents still want their kids to lead full lives, whether they’re blind or not. The trip has reinforced (增强) what they believe all these years-the kids will find their way. Each day, their parents watch the kids change, physically and emotionally. Laurent grows taller and needs more independence. Both Léo and Colin become more confident and outgoing, unafraid to engage with strangers. “Today, my eyesight is good and I’m going to make the most of it, ”says Mia. “Tomorrow, we will rise to the challenge. ” 24. According to the passage, what did the family experience on their trip? A. They did the farm work. B. They took elephant rides. C. They completed zoo tours. D. They enjoyed the folk dance. 25. What made Laurent’s parents decide to quit their jobs? A. Their kids’ health. B. Their work challenges. C. Their family dreams. D. Their passion for nature. 26. What did the trip mainly bring to the kids? A. Strong bodies. B. Social skills. C. Positive mindset. D. Language ability. 27. What can we mainly conclude from this passage? A. Travelling is to seek for an interesting life. B. Nothing is impossible to a determined heart. C. One’s potential cannot always be underrated. D. Treasure what you have and live life to the fullest. C When we’re solving a complicated problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires. Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we’re unlikely to maximize collective intelligence. As the humourist John Smith said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved, and never will achieve, its full potential, that word would be: ‘meetings’.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s how we run them. Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat (“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise (“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure (“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye diversity of thought, hello groupthink. To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise. Research by organizational behaviour scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is full and fair participation. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become lopsided in favour of the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and all voice s are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter. Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means that they come up with more brilliant ideas than groups — but also more terrible ideas than groups. It takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring the best ideas to fruition. 28. Both John Smith and the author may agree that brainstorming meetings fail to ______. A. assess humans potential B. simplify problems quickly C. accept possible good ideas D. get the most out of individuals 29. What does the underlined word “lopsided” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Informal. B. Unbalanced. C. Improper. D. Unpleasant. 30. The author writes this passage mainly to ______. A. challenge a conclusion B. make a comparison C. advocate a practice D. introduce a research D The scientists behind a new database of more than 400 extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences. Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”. Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition in the developing world. The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening, but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous. But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to end determination and hope. 31. The attribution studies imply that ____. A. policies addressing climate issues are ineffective B. it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating C. the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable D. humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters 32. How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis? A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Puzzled. 33. What can we learn from this passage? A. The global south is in urgent need of financial support. B. The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble. C. Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent. D. The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked. 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To urge the public to follow the science. B. To persuade the scientists to further their study. C. To assess the current policy on the climate crisis. D. To confirm the public’s concern for global heating. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Comfort Food Certain foods always give us much pleasure. ___35___ However, much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they bring to us and the people we’re with while we enjoy them. ___36___ That’s why our brains reward us for eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances mood. But as anyone who’s ever eaten apple pie knows, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study found that people who are especially sensitive to sweetness have stronger brain-reward responses to sugary foods than less sweet-sensitive people do. Some foods are especially emotionally satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content, though. ___37___ And many favorite American comfort foods—chili, say—are not particularly sweet or high in carbohydrates (碳水化合物). Often we love food because we have fond memories associated with it. One dish I cannot live without at a New Year party is my mom’s Snowy Mashed Potatoes, which remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family. ___38___ Sometimes you might feel sad when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss. We may also avoid foods that we associate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cottage cheese since I was 8 years old, because it was the last thing I ate before rolling off the bed with a terrible stomachache. In addition to past memories, the context in which we eat foods matters, too. ___39___ And our gustatory (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense of community, a sense of warmth and enjoying it together”. I appreciate my mum’s potatoes even more today when I eat them with my husband and two children. A. Food is essential for our survival. B. These associations can go the other way, too. C. We desire comfort foods when we feel lonely. D. It shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment. E. Their taste and nutritional content affect how we feel. F. Our memory for smell can be long-lasting and precise. G. After all, different cultures have different comfort foods. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40至41题每小题2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Smartphones have become a big part of people’s lives. When we temporarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling of anxiety or panic. Some psychologists have called it “nomophobia”. Thankfully, I rode through the withdrawal of my smartphone and it was short-lived. When I got my first smartphone over a decade ago, I loved it. It gave me instant access to my music, a world of information and thousands of photos and videos. But over time, I became increasingly ambivalent about its role in my life. I would repeatedly refresh my email, shop online for stuff I didn’t need and constantly scroll through the latest news. I’d often complain to my husband and to my seven-year-old son, Louis, that I felt trapped by it. Then, one day last summer, while I was playing with Louis, I was once again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me of my complaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mommy, just give it up already!” I decided to try. Instead of going cold turkey — no cellphone at all — I bought a flip phone. With no touch screen, texting is time-consuming. Once, while trying to catch up on texts with a friend, I finally got frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spoken to her since her big move. It made a difference to hear both the excitement in her voice as she described seeing the northern lights and her sadness in being away from a sick parent. Nowadays, people may prefer text-based communication over using the phone because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were forced to connect voice to voice, we would find ourselves more bonded to that person. Wuyou Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nomophobia as a reliance that’s been placed upon us. “Whenever something is designed to make a choice easier, it’s called a behavioural nudge,” he explains, adding that the more central to our lives the smartphone’s functions are, the more prisoned we become. Ultimately, though, that sense of dependence is false. As I’ve found, you can do all the things you need to do in other ways. It’s not always convenient, but I know I’m much calmer on a regular basis without my smartphone. 40. What does “nomophobia” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________________________ 41. Why did the author decide to give up her smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶According to the author, we will find it awkward to talk with a friend on the phone. ____________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from the ways mentioned in the passage, what can you do to avoid “nomophobia”? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 最近，你班班会课上就“Success is determined by efforts.”展开了辩论，同学们看法不一。请你根据以下内容，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，内容包括： 1、支持的观点及理由； 2、反对的观点及理由； 3、你的观点及理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $