2027年春季高考英语冲刺模拟卷05（上海专用）

2027年春季高考模拟卷05 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Being Human in the Age of Robots When I was a child, maybe seven years old, I took a test tube from a chemistry kit and put some water with food coloring and salts in it, and added on top of that a layer of oil — I called it “Freddie.” I was trying to create a new life form. Most people would agree that a bit of water and oil in a test tube is not a 1 (live) thing, but my childish assertion (断言) that it was may not be as foolish as it appears. It’s very difficult to give a satisfactory answer to what separates a living thing, like a single-celled organism that is little more than a bubble of water 2 (surround) by a thin film of oil, from a non-living one. People have dreamed of erasing the line between the living and the non-living at least since the ancient Greeks, 3 filled their mythologies (神话) with automata — complex machines that perfectly copied birds, or fantastical metal creatures such as mechanical flying horses. This reflects the wish to go 4 the limits nature has placed on us. We want stronger and smarter extensions of 5 : robots that can work on Mars and AI chatbots that can help us with our chemistry homework. There are many people who even dream of replicating the neural networks in their brains onto silicon chips (硅芯片) and thus staying alive 6 ____ ____electricity can be supplied to the computers hosting the copies of their minds. Today, the boundaries between the living and the non-living, and the limitations that define us, 7 (collapse) at an unbelievable rate. We have chatbots that respond intelligently. And interfaces (交互界面) between the human brain and machines now allow people to control robotic arms with their thoughts. Perhaps 8 (amazing) example was a video released by Boston Dynamics of its robots dancing to “Do You Love Me?” Those robots can really dance! Will robots take our jobs? Will they be better-looking, funnier, and more athletic than we are? Will they redefine what it means to be human? I think all of these are possibilities, but to what degree depends on us. In Europe, a law has been made 9 (limit) how AI can be used. One of the most important and exciting tasks of the near future will be to decide 10 we want the new lines to be. 【答案】 1．living 2．surrounded 3．who 4．beyond 5．ourselves 6．as long as 7．are collapsing 8．the most amazing 9．to limit 10．where 【导语】文章围绕“机器人时代的人类定位”展开，介绍了人类长久以来对打破生物与非生物界限的向往，当下该界限正快速消融的现状，以及未来人类需要自主划定相关新边界的思考。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：大多数人会认为试管里的一点水和油并不是有生命的物体，但我儿时断言它是活的，这或许并不像看起来那么愚蠢。设空处需要形容词修饰名词thing。动词live的形容词形式living表示“活着的、有生命的”。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：很难给出一个令人满意的答案，来区分一个生物（比如只不过是被一层薄油膜包裹的水囊的单细胞生物）和非生物的区别。that引导的定语从句中，先行词a single-celled organism后已有谓语is，设空处作后置定语修饰bubble of water，water和surround是被动关系，需用过去分词表被动。 3．考查定语从句。句意：至少从古希腊时代起，人们就梦想抹去生物和非生物的界限，古希腊人在他们的神话中写满了自动机——完美模仿鸟类的复杂机器，或是机械飞马这类奇幻的金属生物。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词the ancient Greeks指人，从句缺少主语，用关系代词who引导。 4．考查介词。句意：这反映了人类想要超越自然施加给我们的限制的愿望。固定搭配go beyond the limits表示“超越限制”，符合语境语义。 5．考查代词。句意：我们想要自身更强、更智能的延伸：可以在火星工作的机器人，能帮我们做化学作业的人工智能聊天机器人。介词of后指代主语we自身，需用we的反身代词ourselves。 6．考查条件状语从句。句意：甚至有很多人梦想把自己大脑里的神经网络复制到硅芯片上，这样只要承载他们思维副本的计算机能获得电力供应，他们就可以一直存活。设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，as long as符合语义逻辑。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，生物与非生物的边界，以及定义我们自身的那些局限，正以惊人的速度瓦解。根据时间状语Today和语境描述当下正在发生的动态变化，用现在进行时；主语the boundaries...and the limitations是复数，be动词用are。 8．考查形容词最高级。句意：也许最令人惊叹的例子是波士顿动力公司发布的一段机器人跟着《你爱我吗？》跳舞的视频。结合语境，此处表示“最惊人的”，amazing是多音节形容词，其最高级形式为the most amazing。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：欧洲已经制定了一项法律，来限制人工智能的使用方式。句子已有谓语has been made，设空处用不定式作目的状语，说明制定法律的目的。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：不久的将来最重要也最令人兴奋的任务之一，就是决定我们想要这些新的边界设定在什么位置。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在哪里、在什么位置”，用引导词where。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．energized  B．evolutionary  C． game  D．lasting  E. seeking F. out-survived  G. seeking  H. translates  I. trap  J. turning  K. yields Why Being Sensitive is a Strength There are plenty of traits we take pride in but being ‘sensitive’ is usually perceived as a weakness. It’s used to mean you’re fragile, thin-skinned, or just overreacting. The message sensitive people get is that they should “overcome” their sensitivity and “toughen up.” However, sensitivity is largely 11 . Sensitive people are wired at a brain level to process information more deeply than others do, enabling them to notice what others miss, feel intensely, and have a vivid inner life. Such depth 12 gifts. The most well-known sensitive gift is creativity. Many-perhaps most-artists, musicians, and actors are themselves sensitive people. But creativity doesn’t end with the arts. The same ability 13 to innovation. Many of our greatest thinkers and scientists throughout history have been sensitive people. They tend to be deep thinkers who spend more time and energy 14 problems over in their heads-and end up seeing more possibilities and solutions. A second strength sensitive people have is their decision making ability. Such an ability may give them a(n) 15 advantage. In a 2008 computer simulation of natural selection, creatures who spent more resources considering their options and comparing them to past results, as sensitive people do, came out ahead long-term compared to less-sensitive creatures. They amassed more resources over time and 16 others. In the wilderness, that might mean tracking down 17 when everyone is hungry. In the boardroom, it means steering companies to the top of their industry. But perhaps the greatest advantage of sensitive people is what we call the “Boost Effect.” The “Boost Effect” means that sensitive people get more of a boost from the same things that help anyone. They are 18 by any form of training or support. If you’re a sensitive person, you can activate this ability by cultivating a supportive environment around yourself and by 19 out resources such as mentoring, training, therapy, or coaching. If any of this sounds like you, you might be more sensitive than you realize. If so, you have probably felt the pressure to hide it. But that’s a(n) 20 . Trying to do so only cuts you off from your gifts. So stop hiding. Embrace it, and show it to the world. 【答案】 11．D 12．K 13．H 14．J 15．B 16．F 17．C 18．A 19．G 20．I 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，短文从创造力、决策能力及“提升效应”等方面论证敏感性对个人发展的积极作用，鼓励敏感人群接纳自身特质。 【详解】11．考查形容词。句意：然而，敏感性在很大程度上是持久的。“lasting”意思是“持久的；长期的”。分析句子，“is”为系动词，后接形容词作表语，后文阐述敏感人群所具备的特质和优势体现出敏感性并非短暂特性，“lasting”符合语境，用于描述敏感性的持续属性。故填D。 12．考查动词。句意：这种深度带来天赋。“yields”意思是“产生；带来”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，主语“Such depth”为单数第三人称，结合语境，表明深度与天赋之间的产生关系，“yields”符合语境，作为谓语动词表达深度带来天赋这一动作。故填K。 13．考查动词。句意：同样的能力转化为创新。“translates”意思是“转化；转变”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，主语“The same ability”为单数第三人称，这里描述能力向创新的转变，“translates”符合语境，作谓语动词体现能力的转化动作。故填H。 14．考查动词。句意：他们往往是深入的思考者，会花更多时间和精力在脑海中仔细思考问题，最终看到更多的可能性和解决方案。“turning”是“turn”的动名词形式，“turn over”意为“仔细考虑”。分析句子，“spend +时间/精力 + (in) doing sth.”为固定句型，此处表示花费时间精力思考问题，“turning”符合语境，以动名词形式作“spend”的宾语。故填J。 15．考查形容词。句意：这种能力可能会给他们带来进化上的优势。“evolutionary”意思是“进化的；演化的”。分析句子，“advantage”为名词，需用形容词修饰，后文提及“In a 2008 computer simulation of natural selection”自然选择相关内容，说明此能力在进化层面具有优势，“evolutionary”符合语境，修饰“advantage”表明优势的性质。故填B。 16．考查动词。句意：随着时间的推移，他们积累了更多的资源，并比其他生物更长久存在。“out-survived”是“out-survive”的过去式，意思是“比……活得长；比……更长久存在”。分析句子，句子缺少谓语动词，且前文时态为一般过去时，描述在自然选择模拟情境下敏感生物与其他生物的生存对比，“out-survived”符合语境，作谓语动词体现敏感生物在生存上的优势。故填F。 17．考查名词。句意：在荒野中，这可能意味着在大家都饥饿的时候追踪到猎物。“game”在此处意为“猎物”。分析句子，“tracking down”为动词短语，后接名词作宾语，结合“in the wilderness”和“hungry”的语境，“game”符合语境，作为追踪的对象。故填C。 18．考查动词。句意：任何形式的培训或支持都能使他们充满活力。“energized”是“energize”的过去分词，意思是“使充满活力；激励”。分析句子，“are +过去分词”构成被动语态，表达敏感人群被培训或支持赋予活力，“energized”符合语境，体现被动的激励动作。故填A。 19．考查动词。句意：如果你是一个敏感的人，你可以通过在自己周围营造一个支持性的环境，并寻找诸如指导、培训、治疗或辅导等资源来激活这种能力。“seeking”是“seek”的动名词形式，“seek out”意为“找出；找到”。分析句子，“by +动名词”结构表示方式，这里说明通过寻找资源来激活能力，“seeking”符合语境，以动名词形式作“by”的宾语。故填G。 20．考查名词。句意：但那是一个陷阱。“trap”意思是“陷阱；困境”。分析句子，“a(n) +名词”结构，结合前文提及隐藏敏感特质以及后文阐述其不良后果，表明隐藏这一行为是陷入了不良境地，“trap”符合语境，作为对隐藏行为性质的描述。故填I。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to 21 on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest. Rainforests have 22 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 23 renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 24 a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 25 , the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so 26 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 27 forever. The scale of human 28 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our 29 . In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; 30 , it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood. In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 31 . In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen 32 to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this 33 , the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years. Massive 34 brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 35 of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming. 21．A．maintain B．capture C．claim D．prove 22．A．changed B．evolved C．expanded D．existed 23．A．energizing B．healing C．isolating D．breathing 24．A．contributed B．stored C．reduced D．affected 25．A．However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Otherwise 26．A．active B．sensitive C．interdependent D．delicate 27．A．restore B．support C．revive D．last 28．A．pressure B．power C．concern D．strength 29．A．existence B．ecosystem C．planet D．survival 30．A．unfortunately B．consequently C．naturally D．similarly 31．A．store B．food C．smoke D．wealth 32．A．subject B．down C．apart D．victim 33．A．trend B．practice C．increase D．attitude 34．A．protection B．industrialization C．modernization D．deforestation 35．A．appearance B．explosion C．loss D．increase 【答案】 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。雨林生态系统经过几百万年的进化变成了现在这么复杂的系统，雨林呈现出生物多样性，但同时也很脆弱，物种之间息息相关，雨林因为要满足人类的经济发展和人口增长的需要而被人类肆意破坏，雨林正在以惊人的速度消失，同时因此产生了多个恶果。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不可能用胶片拍摄，用语言描述，或解释给从没有去过雨林深处体验过这种令人惊叹的经历的人。A. maintain保持；B. capture拍摄；C. claim声称；D. prove证实。上文“The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. (原始雨林的美丽、庄严和永恒是无法形容的。)”可知，雨林的美只能亲自去体验，电影都无法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘，故选B项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。A. changed改变；B. evolved进化；C. expanded扩大，增加；D. existed存在。根据句意，雨林变成现在的状态，是经历了几百万年的进化才形成的，evolved符合语境。故选B项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. energizing使人充满活力；B. healing治疗；C. isolating隔离；D. breathing呼吸。根据句意，and前后两个词都强调活着的，现在分词作定语，修饰natural resources，breathing符合语境。故选D项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. contributed有助于，贡献；B. stored储存，容纳；C. reduced减少；D. affected影响。根据句意，雨林中丰富的动植物为人类的生存做出了贡献，contributed符合语境。故选A项。 25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，热带雨林的内部动态是一个复杂而脆弱的系统。A. However然而；B. Furthermore而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。由下句“Everything is so 　　　6　　　　 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. (一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。) ”可知，上文写的雨林的丰富性，此处借助于however，介绍了雨林的脆弱性，与上文形成对比。故选A项。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。 A. active活跃的；B. sensitive善解人意的；C. interdependent相互依赖的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据句意，“牵一发而动全身”，对雨林的任何破坏，都会危及到其他物种，甚至危及整个森林，可推知：雨林中的一切都是相互依赖的。故选C项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，人类只花了一个世纪的干预就摧毁了大自然设计的永存之物。A. restore恢复；B. support支持；C. revive使复兴；D. last持续。上文“Rainforests have 　　　2　　　　 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. (雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。)”可知，短短一个世纪，人为干涉就破坏了大自然花了数百万年进化而来的生态系统，倘若没有人为干涉，生态系统本是可以持续永远的，last符合语境。故选D项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句句意：在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。A. pressure压力；B. power能力；C. concern忧虑，关爱；D. strength实力，强度。由下文“Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，随着人类发展经济的生产原材料的需要，以及人口增长导致的对生存物资的需要，人类对生态系统的索取越加增大，生态系统的压力增加了。故选A项。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都在增加——以我们的生态系统为代价。A. existence存在；B. ecosystem生态系统；C. planet行星；D. survival生存。上文“The scale of human 　　　8　　　　 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，经济发展和人口激增，都是在消耗地球生态系统，以生态系统为代价。故选B项。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步报告说，到2050年，对木材的需求可能会翻一番；不幸的是，世界上的热带森林仍然是世界木材需求的主要来源。A. unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B. consequently因此；C. naturally自然地；D. similarly相似地。根据上下文，雨林已经不堪重荷，但是人类对木材需求还在增加，很不幸地，压力依然落在热带雨林上。故选A项。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。A. store商店；B. food食物；C. smoke烟；D. wealth财富。短语go up in smoke，意为“像烟一样一下子就消失了，随烟飘散”，smoke符合句意。故选C项。 32．考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。A. subject主题；B. (fall) down跌倒；C. fall (apart)分开；D. victim受害者，牺牲品。空格处单词与后半句中的destruction (毁灭，破坏) 呼应。短语fall victim to，意为“成为……的牺牲品”，为固定搭配，victim符合句意。故选D项。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制这种趋势，整个亚马孙森林会在50年内消失。A. trend趋势；B. practice练习；C. increase增加；D. attitude态度。上句“It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. (据估计，仅亚马孙河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失)”可知，亚马孙河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失，如果不控制这一趋势，整个亚马孙森林会在50年内消失。故选A项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. protection保护；B. industrialization工业化；C. modernization现代化；D. deforestation滥伐森林。根据上文“Today, more than half has already gone up in 　　　11　　　. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen 　　　12　　　 to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. (如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。)”可知，雨林受到前所未有的破坏，同时带来了一系列的恶果。deforestation符合语境。故选D项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. appearance出现；B. explosion爆炸；C. loss丧失；D. increase增加。由“extinction of plants and animals (植物和动物的灭绝)”可知，大规模的砍伐森林，会导致森林失去生物多样性。故选C项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A symbol of a booming children’s book market is a self-styled “kaleidoscope (万花筒) of creative genius for kids”, the magazine Scoop, a startup based in Dalston, east London, which the author Neil Gaiman has described as “the kind of magazine I wish we’d had when I was eight.” Scoop is the idea of the publisher Clementine Macmillan-Scott. A year ago, hers looked like an impossible venture. But against the odds for little magazines, Scoop has survived. Macmillan-Scott said, “I really wasn’t certain we would get to this point, but we are now approaching our first birthday.” She links the magazine’s fortunes to a prosperous market and reports that “through the hundreds of children, parents and teachers we speak to at our workshops, we know that children are greedy for storytelling.” Inspired by an Edwardian model, Arthur Mee’s Children’s Newspaper, Scoop is a mix of innovation and creativity. Establishment heavyweights such as the playwright Tom Stoppard, plus children’s writers such as Raymond Briggs, author of Fungus the Bogeyman, have adopted its cause. The magazine has also given space to 10-year-old writers and pays all contributors, high and low, the same rate — 10p a word. It’s a winning formula. Macmillan-Scott reports “a quarterly sales increase of roughly 150% every issue”, but is cautious about her good fortune. “It’s all too clear to us that these children are hungry for print.” Scoop focuses on the most profitable part of the children’s market, Britain’s eight to 12-year-old readers. In literary culture, this is the crucial bridge between toddlers (儿童) and adolescents and its publisher knows it. Macmillan-Scott is committed to listening to readers aged eight to 12, who have an editorial board where they can express their ideas about the magazine. “If we don’t get these children reading,” she says, “we will lose out on adult readers. To be fully literate, you have to start as a child.” Macmillan-Scott argues against the suggestion that reading is in decline. “If you look at our figures,” she objects, “you’ll find that children do read and that Scoop is part of a craze for reading hardback books. Kids love paper and print. They might play games on a digital device, but they prefer not to read on a Kindle. The real market for e-books is among young adult readers.” Some of her evidence is anecdotal, but her sales figures and readership surveys support a picture of eight to 12-year-olds absorbed in books. “What our research shows beyond question,” she says, “is that children have a love for reading that’s not seriously threatened by other kinds of entertainment. Reading for pleasure is a very real thing at this age, and the worries that some adults have about children losing interest in reading are simply not grounded in reality.” 36．It can be learned from the passage that Scoop ________. A．is aimed at teenagers in Britain B．has taken a year to publish its first issue C．has got its name from Arthur Mee’s newspaper D．pays as much to young writers as to famous ones 37．The word “anecdotal” (in Para 6) is closet in meaning to ________. A．conclusive B．undeniable C．defensive D．unconvincing 38．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Children would rather listen to stories than tell stories by themselves. B．Magazines for children aged under 8 are not very common in Britain. C．Scoop illustrates the power of printed books in the face of digital revolution. D．Research carried out by Scoop has been questioned by those writing for children. 39．Macmillan-Scott is most likely to agree that _______. A．the market for children’s e-books remains to be explored B．a child who dislikes reading won’t love reading when grown up C．other kinds of entertainment have influenced children’s reading habits D．it is necessary for adults to worry about children’s lack of interest in reading 【答案】36．D 37．D 38．C 39．B 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了儿童图书市场的杂志《Scoop》。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The magazine has also given space to 10-year-old writers and pays all contributors, high and low, the same rate — 10p a word.”（该杂志还为10岁的作家提供版面，并向所有投稿人支付同等的费用，不论高低，每字10便士。）可知《独家新闻》给年轻作家的报酬和给著名作家的一样多。故选D。 37．词句猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“The real market for e-books is among young adult readers.”（电子书的真正市场是年轻的成年读者。）以及“ but her sales figures and readership surveys support a picture of eight to 12-year-olds absorbed in books.”（但她的销售数据和读者调查显示，8至12岁的孩子都在全神贯注地读书。）可知，电子书的真正市场也包括孩子，不只是年轻的成年读者，她的一些证据是令人难以信服的。故选D。 38．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What our research shows beyond question,” she says, “is that children have a love for reading that’s not seriously threatened by other kinds of entertainment.”（她说：我们的研究毫无疑问地表明，孩子们对阅读的热爱并不会受到其他娱乐方式的严重威胁。）可知，Scoop展示了印刷书籍在面对数码革命时的力量，对读者依旧有吸引力。故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“If we don’t get these children reading, she says, we will lose out on adult readers. To be fully literate, you have to start as a child.”（她说，如果我们不让这些孩子阅读，我们将失去成人读者。要想完全识字，你必须从小开始。）可知，不喜欢阅读的孩子长大后也不会喜欢阅读。故选B。 (B) The Life of a Person Who Wakes Up Really Early ◎Who Are the “Larks”? Some people open their eyes at 5:30 a.m. or even earlier without an alarm. They are called “larks.” These early risers often start their day while others are still asleep. According to a long-term study in the journal Sleep, the number of extreme early risers is larger than scientists once thought. Did you know? In a study of 2,422 patients, about 1 in every 300 naturally woke up by 5:30 a.m. The Science Behind Early Rising Louis J. Ptacek, a neurologist at the University of California, and his team spent ten years studying these people. They found that the habit is sometimes genetic. Some families include several members who all wake up before dawn. These “super-larks” don’t need more sleep than others. They fall asleep earlier and wake up refreshed, even on weekends. Health and Lifestyle Early Risers (Larks)Wake up around 4-5:30 a.m. Easier to wake and stay alert Often healthier (lower risk of heart disease) Viewed as “active” or “hard-working” Night OwlsGo to bed after midnight Find mornings difficult More health risks from late sleep Sometimes unfairly seen as “lazy” A Matter of Perception Society tends to praise people who get up early. We often hear “The early bird catches the worm.” But researchers warn that this belief isn’t always fair. Many night owls do creative and productive work late at night — just as larks are making their first coffee. Expert Insight “Being an early riser isn’t rare or a problem — unless the person dislikes it.” —Louis J. Ptacek, University of CaliforniaIn short: Whether you’re a morning lark or a night owl, what matters most is keeping a schedule that fits your body’s natural rhythm. 40．What did Louis J. Ptacek and his team mainly discover? A．The habit of waking up early can run in families. B．People tend to wake up earlier as they grow older. C．Night owls are usually more creative than early risers. D．There are more early risers than scientists once believed. 41．What can be learned from the comparison table? A．Night owls face fewer health problems. B．Early risers usually enjoy more free time. C．Night owls are sometimes unfairly judged. D．People who stay up late have less discipline. 42．What is the key idea of the passage? A．Night owls need to change their sleeping habits. B．Everyone should follow the same daily schedule. C．Waking up early ensures better health and success. D．People should follow their own natural body rhythm. 【答案】40．A 41．C 42．D 【导语】本文主要介绍早起者“云雀型人”，解析早起的遗传因素，对比早起者与夜猫子，并说明应遵从自身生物钟。 【详解】40．细节理解题。根据The Science Behind Early Rising部分中的“Louis J. Ptacek, a neurologist at the University of California, and his team spent ten years studying these people. They found that the habit is sometimes genetic. Some families include several members who all wake up before dawn.(加州大学神经学家路易斯·J·普塔塞克和他的团队花了十年研究这些人。他们发现这种习惯有时是遗传的。有些家庭有好几位成员都在黎明前醒来。)”可知，团队发现早起的习惯会在家族中遗传。 41．细节理解题。根据Health and Lifestyle板块中的“Night Owls  Go to bed after midnight  Find mornings difficult  More health risks from late sleep  Sometimes unfairly seen as “lazy”.(夜猫子：午夜后上床睡觉；早晨起床困难；晚睡带来更多健康风险；有时会被不公平地看作“懒惰”)”可知，夜猫子有时会受到不公平的评判。 42．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是尾段中的“In short: Whether you’re a morning lark or a night owl, what matters most is keeping a schedule that fits your body’s natural rhythm.(简而言之：无论你是早起的云雀型人还是夜猫子，最重要的是保持符合你身体自然节律的作息。)” 可知，文章介绍了云雀型人和夜猫子各自的特点，告诉人们应当遵循自身身体的自然节律，所以“People should follow their own natural body rhythm(人们应该遵循自己自然的身体节律)”最能概括全文核心。 (C) It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process. From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media. “The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds. Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES) Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds(细小的卷云)from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow(片状雪)or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground. “Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles. You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data. 43．Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge? A．The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands. B．The technology CERES uses is not that advanced C．Scientists can compare data from different instruments. D．Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover 44．The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to _________. A．create B．cancel C．count D．confirm 45．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app B．Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize C．Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images D．The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media 46．Which is the best title for the passage? A．NASA Employs New members B．Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge C．Citizens Gain Experience through Observation D．Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds 【答案】43．C 44．D 45．B 46．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要向读者介绍NASA和GLOBE项目向全世界的公民发出邀请，帮忙收集观察云的资料，以及他们发起这个项目的作用。 【详解】43．细节理解题。根据第四段Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. 研究人员使用并评价这种公民科学云数据，因为它有助于验证来自地球观测仪器的数据。可知，发起云观测挑战科学家可以比较来自不同仪器的数据。故选C项。 44．词义猜测题。根据第四段Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES).兰利的科学家们使用一套六种被称为“云和地球辐射能系统”(CERES)的仪器进行研究。A.create创造；B.cancel取消；C.count数；D.confirm确认，证实。利用这个仪器应该能验证或确认数据，可知validate应该与confirm意思相近。故选D项。 45．细节理解题。根据第二段Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media.美国国家航空航天局的一名科学家将在“地球计划”网站和社交媒体上发布一段视频，祝贺参与观测最多的参与者。可知，提交观察结果最多的观察者可以获得特别奖励，也就是航空航天局的一名科学家将在“地球计划”网站和社交媒体上发布一段视频。故选B项。 46．主旨大意题。根据It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge.可知美国国家航空航天局和全球计划邀请参加公民科学云观测挑战的原因。以及第三段“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles.科隆·罗伯斯说:“观察观测者记录的云团和它们的表面观测确实有助于我们更好地理解来自卫星的图像。”可知，本文主要就是向读者介绍NASA和GLOBE在向全世界公民发出邀请，观察云的活动，收集资料，以来分析新情况。即云活动带来新的挑战。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. How We Meet the Future Generalizing has a bad rap. A child who has met a friendly golden retriever may conclude that all dogs are friendly, and then walk up to a dangerous one. When someone makes unwarranted claims about a whole social group, we criticize them for stereotyping. 47 The cost of the opposite error is harder to see: without generalizing we would be paralyzed by the world’s complexity, and no attention would be left for whatever is new. The philosopher Frank Ramsey gave this thought its classic form. To believe a generalization, he argued, is not to pile up facts about particular cases but to acquire a habit or disposition (倾向). If you believe that all humans are mortal, you will take care not to run over your friends with your car, because you are disposed to treat any human you meet as mortal. 48 It is how we orient ourselves in the face of new observations and experiences. Most of our working beliefs, however, are not universal but generic: dogs bark, buses stop for passengers. 49 I can go on believing that cats are furry while knowing that Sphynx cats (无毛猫) are not. They are beliefs we can hold without constant revision. It is their reach beyond the evidence that makes them useful. A dozen encounters with dogs or buses tell us what to expect next, and leave attention free for whatever breaks the pattern. Most of the world, then, arrives already half-understood. Like other beliefs in generalizations, stereotypes are part of the system with which we meet the future. They impose structure on our experiences. We cannot attend to every individual difference but instead use these beliefs to simplify our experience and make predictions about the future. But sometimes stereotyping people is deemed to be morally wrong, since it overrides their autonomy as individuals. But this charge is too quick: the need to simplify is real, and it is not in itself a fault. The mistake, then, is not the desire to generalize. 50 What we can do is test our beliefs the way Ramsey would judge a disposition: how often does it lead us into error, and how costly is that error? A wrong belief about mosquitoes costs me little; a wrong belief about a group of people can cost them a great deal. A．Rather, it is a shortcut we cannot do without. B．These altogether make up the system with which we “meet the future”. C．Universal generalizations, formulated with a high degree of precision, admit no exceptions. D．Yet we hear far less about the opposite failure — the failure to generalize enough. E．Unlike universal claims, generic beliefs survive counterexample. F．It seems an obvious, if understandable, mistake to generalize beyond what our evidence supports. 【答案】47．D 48．B 49．E 50．A 【导语】本文主要探讨归纳概括的价值，区分泛化认知与刻板印象，分析概括的合理边界。 【详解】47．前文“A child who has met a friendly golden retriever may conclude that all dogs are friendly, and then walk up to a dangerous one. When someone makes unwarranted claims about a whole social group, we criticize them for stereotyping.(一个遇到过友善金毛犬的孩子，可能会得出“所有狗都很友好”的结论，随后贸然靠近危险的犬只。当有人对整个社会群体做出毫无依据的论断时，我们会批判他们抱有刻板印象。)”介绍人们普遍批判过度概括、刻板印象，下段“The cost of the opposite error is harder to see: without generalizing we would be paralyzed by the world’s complexity, and no attention would be left for whatever is new.(反向错误的代价却更难被察觉：如果没有概括能力，我们会被世界的复杂性彻底困住，根本没有精力去关注任何新事物。)”转而提出“概括不足”这一被完全忽视的反向问题，D项“Yet we hear far less about the opposite failure — the failure to generalize enough.(然而我们几乎很少听到有人提及另一种反向失误——概括能力严重不足。)”承接前文大众对“过度概括”的普遍批判，通过转折逻辑引出后文“概括不足同样会带来严重生存代价”的核心论点，形成完整的正反辩证开篇，符合语境。 48．前文“The philosopher Frank Ramsey gave this thought its classic form. To believe a generalization, he argued, is not to pile up facts about particular cases but to acquire a habit or disposition (倾向). If you believe that all humans are mortal, you will take care not to run over your friends with your car, because you are disposed to treat any human you meet as mortal.(哲学家弗兰克·拉姆齐为这一观点赋予了经典定义。他提出，认同一条概括性结论，并非堆砌关于特定案例的事实，而是养成一种思维习惯与行为倾向。如果你认同所有人终有一死，你开车时就会小心不撞到朋友，因为你会下意识将遇到的每一个人都视作终有一死的个体。)”介绍了拉姆齐对概括性思维的核心定义，并用具体案例解释了概括如何转化为行为倾向，后文“It is how we orient ourselves in the face of new observations and experiences.(它正是我们面对全新观察与体验时，找准自身定位的核心方式。)”点明概括思维的本质作用，B项“These altogether make up the system with which we “meet the future”.(这些内容共同构成了我们“迎接未来”的认知体系。)”承接前文“概括是一种思维习惯”的论述，呼应文章标题“How We Meet the Future(我们怎样迎接未来)”，精准串联起前文的理论定义和后文“应对未知体验”的功能描述，让上下文逻辑完全闭环，符合语境。 49．前文“Most of our working beliefs, however, are not universal but generic: dogs bark, buses stop for passengers.(但我们大多数实用信念不是全称概括，而是类属概括：狗会叫，公交车会为乘客停车。)”区分全称概括和类属概括，后文“I can go on believing that cats are furry while knowing that Sphynx cats (无毛猫) are not. They are beliefs we can hold without constant revision.(我可以继续相信猫长毛发，同时清楚无毛猫例外。这类信念无需不断修正。)”说明类属概括允许反例存在。E项“Unlike universal claims, generic beliefs survive counterexample.(和全称论断不同，类属信念可以容纳反例。)”承上启下，对应前后文内容，符合语境。 50．前文“The mistake, then, is not the desire to generalize.(所以，问题的根源并非想要去归纳概括的这种诉求本身。)”否定了“概括行为本身是错误”的认知，后文“What we can do is test our beliefs the way Ramsey would judge a disposition: how often does it lead us into error, and how costly is that error?(我们可以按照拉姆齐评判认知倾向的方式检验信念：它多频繁引发错误，错误代价多大？)”说明要检验信念的正误与代价。A项“Rather, it is a shortcut we cannot do without.(恰恰相反，概括是我们根本无法舍弃的思维捷径。)”用转折关系承接前文的否定表述，进一步明确概括行为的正向价值，自然引出后文“我们要做的是像拉姆齐评判思维倾向那样去检验我们的信念：它引发错误的频率有多高，错误的代价又有多大”的论述，逻辑通顺。 IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why it’s so hard to take advice The funny thing about advice: We overvalue the advice of experts while undervaluing the input of regular folk. One reason taking advice is problematic for many of us is that status matters. Something called optimism bias gives most of us a general hopefulness that things will work out even when the odds suggest otherwise. And optimism bias increases, researchers have found, when the person offering advice is seen as an expert. The expert’s reputation boosts the expectation of success if we listen to them — even though our confidence often proves wrong. So it requires a massive leap of modesty to listen to advice from humbler sources. A couple of years ago, filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan benefited from advice from a humble source. After the huge commercial and critical success of The Sixth Sense, Shyamalan’s fortunes had grown cloudier. Box office for his later movies was decent, but the critics had turned on him. Instead of shrugging off this critic, Shyamalan wondered whether there might be something to the pan. His signature as a filmmaker was a kind of genre-bending twist: You think you’re watching one kind of film, and then it turns into something different. Each transition shifts the intensity. But for the technique to work, the intensity must escalate. In The Village, it didn’t. Shyamalan took the criticism to heart. ‌“Don’t pretend you’re not hurt by what that dude just said” was what Shyamalan took away from the experience. Instead, he decided to go with it. The director doubled down on his signature shape-shifting style for his next film, Split, which told the story of a man with 24 personalities. It made more than $270 million and became one of the most profitable pictures of 2017. It also won back his critics. The required leap of modesty, which Shyamalan had, is a big ask. One useful trick comes from Eastern philosophy: When someone’s coming at you with criticism, that’s when you need to lower your defenses, not raise them. Those who give you a hard time are your teachers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 We often take experts’ advice more than that from humbler sources, as the former enhances our belief that things will improve even if they actually don’t. It takes modesty to follow advice from regular folk. Shyamalan, whose film Split succeeded because he listened to the critics, was a case in point. So we should be modest when facing criticism. 【导语】文章主要说明人们往往高估专家建议、低估普通人意见，并以沙马兰听取批评后拍出《分裂》为例，指出应以谦逊态度面对批评。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①The funny thing about advice: We overvalue the advice of experts while undervaluing the input of regular folk. ②Something called optimism bias gives most of us a general hopefulness that things will work out even when the odds suggest otherwise. ③So it requires a massive leap of modesty to listen to advice from humbler sources. ④A couple of years ago, filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan benefited from advice from a humble source. ⑤Shyamalan took the criticism to heart. ⑥The director doubled down on his signature shape-shifting style for his next film, Split, which told the story of a man with 24 personalities. ⑦Those who give you a hard time are your teachers. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点整合，说明人们更愿接受专家建议的原因；第3个要点单独保留，点明听取普通人建议需要谦逊；将第4、5、6三个要点整合，以沙马兰听取批评并凭《分裂》成功为例；第7个要点作结论。 3. 遣词造句 We often take experts’ suggestions more than that from humbler sources, as the former enhances our belief that things will improve even if they actually don’t. It takes modesty to follow advice from ordinary folk. Shyamalan, whose film Split succeeded because he followed the critics, was a case in point. So we should be modest when faced with criticism. 【点睛】[高分句型1] We often take experts’ advice more than that from humbler sources, as the former enhances our belief that things will improve even if they actually don’t. (运用了as引导的原因状语从句、that引导的同位语从句和even if引导的让步状语从句) [高分句型2] Shyamalan, whose film Split succeeded because he listened to the critics, was a case in point. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句和because引导的原因状语从句) V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．目标与行动若相去甚远，往往就会难以遂愿。 (fulfill)（汉译英） 【答案】If the goal is too far from the action, it is often difficult to fulfill. 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态和主谓一致。由句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，由“若”可知，前半句用if条件句，“目标”是the goal，“行动”是the action，“相去甚远”是too far from，“遂愿”是fulfill，“往往就会难以”是it is often difficult to do，因此整句话翻译为“If the goal is too far from the action, it is often difficult to fulfill”。故答案为If the goal is too far from the action, it is often difficult to fulfill. 53．这座城市群山环抱，风景如画，却每天下午雷打不动地下起暴雨。(embrace)(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The city is embraced by mountains and has picturesque scenery, but it rains heavily every afternoon without fail. 【详解】本句陈述客观事实，时态用一般现在时。“这座城市群山环抱，风景如画”是第一个分句，“这座城市群山环抱”含有城市被群山环抱之意，要译为一般现在时的被动语态The city is embraced by mountains，“风景如画”描述城市的特点，与“群山环抱”构成语义上的并列关系，逗号要变成并列连词and，译为and has picturesque scenery，用逗号与后面的分句隔开；“却”译为but，“每天下午下起暴雨”译为it rains heavily every afternoon，it是无人称代词，指代天气；“雷打不动地”译为without fail，置于句末作状语。 54．这部影片是一部传承中国文化精神的佳作，既能愉悦心灵，也能引人深思。（not only）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This film is a great work passing on the spirit of Chinese culture. Not only can it delight the soul, but it can also inspire deep thought. 【详解】表示“这部电影”应用this film；表示“是”应用be，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，be动词用is；表示“一部佳作”应用a great work；表示“传承中国文化精神的”应用pass on the spirit of Chinese culture，pass on和work为主动关系，需用现在分词形式passing on，作后置定语；表示“不仅……而且……”应用not only...but also...；表示“它”应用it；表示“能”应用can；表示“愉悦心灵”应用delight the soul，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“引人深思”应用inspire deep thought；not only置于句首，使用部分倒装，将情态动词can置于主语it前面。 55．直播可以让主持人实时回答网络观众的提问，这将提高购物体验，吸引更多的网民在线购物。（allow）（汉译英） 【答案】Livestreaming allows hosts to answer questions from online viewers in real time, which will improve the shopping experience and attract more netizens to shop online. 【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。allow sb. to do允许某人做某事； answer question回答问题； online viewer网络观众； in real time实时；shopping experience购物体验；attract sb to do 吸引某人做某事。指代前面一件事，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。主句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语是livestreaming，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。从句表示将要发生的事情，所以用一般将来时。根据句意，故翻译为Livestreaming allows hosts to answer questions from online viewers in real time, which will improve the shopping experience and attract more netizens to shop online. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，收到学弟王方的邮件，告诉你下学期学校将开设两门选修课供同学们选择（课程信息如下表所示），但他对课程选择有些茫然，想听取你的建议。请给王方回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须： 1. 推荐其中一门课程； 2. 通过比较两门课程的信息，说明你推荐该课程的理由。 课程名称 公共演讲 创意写作 课程内容 演讲表达 文学创作 授课安排 每周一、四下午，共8周 每周五下午，共16周 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Wang Fang, I’m delighted to receive your email. Learning that you are puzzled about selecting between the two optional courses, I’m writing to offer my suggestion. I recommend the course of Public Speaking. Compared with Creative Writing, which focuses on literary creation and lasts 16 weeks every Friday afternoon, Public Speaking runs for only 8 weeks on Monday and Thursday afternoons. It will occupy less of your study time. What’s more, its training in speech expression can build up your confidence and sharpen your ability to organize thoughts, which is helpful for future college interviews. Though Creative Writing allows longer exploration of writing, it requires steady long-term efforts. I hope my comparison will help you make a proper decision. Yours, Li Ming 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生以李明的名义给王方回一封邮件，就他对选修课程的选择给出建议，并说明原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 困惑的：puzzled → confused 集中注意力于：focus on → concentrate on 能力：ability→capability 有帮助的：be helpful→ be of help 2. 句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Though Creative Writing allows longer exploration of writing, it requires steady long-term efforts. 拓展句：Creative Writing, which allows longer exploration of writing, is a form of writing practice that requires steady long-term efforts. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning that you are puzzled about selecting between the two optional courses, I’m writing to offer my suggestion. (运用了现在分词learning...作状语以及that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Compared with Creative Writing, which focuses on literary creation and lasts 16 weeks every Friday afternoon, Public Speaking runs for only 8 weeks on Monday and Thursday afternoons. (运用了过去分词短语compared with作状语以及which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型3】Though Creative Writing allows longer exploration of writing, it requires steady long-term efforts. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句) 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027年春季高考模拟卷05 I.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Being Human in the Age of Robots When I was a child, maybe seven years old, I took a test tube from a chemistry kit and put some water with food coloring and salts in it, and added on top of that a layer of oil — I called it “Freddie.” I was trying to create a new life form. Most people would agree that a bit of water and oil in a test tube is not a 1 (live) thing, but my childish assertion (断言) that it was may not be as foolish as it appears. It’s very difficult to give a satisfactory answer to what separates a living thing, like a single-celled organism that is little more than a bubble of water 2 (surround) by a thin film of oil, from a non-living one. People have dreamed of erasing the line between the living and the non-living at least since the ancient Greeks, 3 filled their mythologies (神话) with automata — complex machines that perfectly copied birds, or fantastical metal creatures such as mechanical flying horses. This reflects the wish to go 4 the limits nature has placed on us. We want stronger and smarter extensions of 5 : robots that can work on Mars and AI chatbots that can help us with our chemistry homework. There are many people who even dream of replicating the neural networks in their brains onto silicon chips (硅芯片) and thus staying alive 6 ____ ____electricity can be supplied to the computers hosting the copies of their minds. Today, the boundaries between the living and the non-living, and the limitations that define us, 7 (collapse) at an unbelievable rate. We have chatbots that respond intelligently. And interfaces (交互界面) between the human brain and machines now allow people to control robotic arms with their thoughts. Perhaps 8 (amazing) example was a video released by Boston Dynamics of its robots dancing to “Do You Love Me?” Those robots can really dance! Will robots take our jobs? Will they be better-looking, funnier, and more athletic than we are? Will they redefine what it means to be human? I think all of these are possibilities, but to what degree depends on us. In Europe, a law has been made 9 (limit) how AI can be used. One of the most important and exciting tasks of the near future will be to decide 10 we want the new lines to be. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．energized  B．evolutionary  C． game  D．lasting  E. seeking F. out-survived  G. seeking  H. translates  I. trap  J. turning  K. yields Why Being Sensitive is a Strength There are plenty of traits we take pride in but being ‘sensitive’ is usually perceived as a weakness. It’s used to mean you’re fragile, thin-skinned, or just overreacting. The message sensitive people get is that they should “overcome” their sensitivity and “toughen up.” However, sensitivity is largely 11 . Sensitive people are wired at a brain level to process information more deeply than others do, enabling them to notice what others miss, feel intensely, and have a vivid inner life. Such depth 12 gifts. The most well-known sensitive gift is creativity. Many-perhaps most-artists, musicians, and actors are themselves sensitive people. But creativity doesn’t end with the arts. The same ability 13 to innovation. Many of our greatest thinkers and scientists throughout history have been sensitive people. They tend to be deep thinkers who spend more time and energy 14 problems over in their heads-and end up seeing more possibilities and solutions. A second strength sensitive people have is their decision making ability. Such an ability may give them a(n) 15 advantage. In a 2008 computer simulation of natural selection, creatures who spent more resources considering their options and comparing them to past results, as sensitive people do, came out ahead long-term compared to less-sensitive creatures. They amassed more resources over time and 16 others. In the wilderness, that might mean tracking down 17 when everyone is hungry. In the boardroom, it means steering companies to the top of their industry. But perhaps the greatest advantage of sensitive people is what we call the “Boost Effect.” The “Boost Effect” means that sensitive people get more of a boost from the same things that help anyone. They are 18 by any form of training or support. If you’re a sensitive person, you can activate this ability by cultivating a supportive environment around yourself and by 19 out resources such as mentoring, training, therapy, or coaching. If any of this sounds like you, you might be more sensitive than you realize. If so, you have probably felt the pressure to hide it. But that’s a(n) 20 . Trying to do so only cuts you off from your gifts. So stop hiding. Embrace it, and show it to the world. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to 21 on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest. Rainforests have 22 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 23 renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 24 a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 25 , the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so 26 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 27 forever. The scale of human 28 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our 29 . In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; 30 , it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood. In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 31 . In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen 32 to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this 33 , the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years. Massive 34 brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 35 of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming. 21．A．maintain B．capture C．claim D．prove 22．A．changed B．evolved C．expanded D．existed 23．A．energizing B．healing C．isolating D．breathing 24．A．contributed B．stored C．reduced D．affected 25．A．However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Otherwise 26．A．active B．sensitive C．interdependent D．delicate 27．A．restore B．support C．revive D．last 28．A．pressure B．power C．concern D．strength 29．A．existence B．ecosystem C．planet D．survival 30．A．unfortunately B．consequently C．naturally D．similarly 31．A．store B．food C．smoke D．wealth 32．A．subject B．down C．apart D．victim 33．A．trend B．practice C．increase D．attitude 34．A．protection B．industrialization C．modernization D．deforestation 35．A．appearance B．explosion C．loss D．increase Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) A symbol of a booming children’s book market is a self-styled “kaleidoscope (万花筒) of creative genius for kids”, the magazine Scoop, a startup based in Dalston, east London, which the author Neil Gaiman has described as “the kind of magazine I wish we’d had when I was eight.” Scoop is the idea of the publisher Clementine Macmillan-Scott. A year ago, hers looked like an impossible venture. But against the odds for little magazines, Scoop has survived. Macmillan-Scott said, “I really wasn’t certain we would get to this point, but we are now approaching our first birthday.” She links the magazine’s fortunes to a prosperous market and reports that “through the hundreds of children, parents and teachers we speak to at our workshops, we know that children are greedy for storytelling.” Inspired by an Edwardian model, Arthur Mee’s Children’s Newspaper, Scoop is a mix of innovation and creativity. Establishment heavyweights such as the playwright Tom Stoppard, plus children’s writers such as Raymond Briggs, author of Fungus the Bogeyman, have adopted its cause. The magazine has also given space to 10-year-old writers and pays all contributors, high and low, the same rate — 10p a word. It’s a winning formula. Macmillan-Scott reports “a quarterly sales increase of roughly 150% every issue”, but is cautious about her good fortune. “It’s all too clear to us that these children are hungry for print.” Scoop focuses on the most profitable part of the children’s market, Britain’s eight to 12-year-old readers. In literary culture, this is the crucial bridge between toddlers (儿童) and adolescents and its publisher knows it. Macmillan-Scott is committed to listening to readers aged eight to 12, who have an editorial board where they can express their ideas about the magazine. “If we don’t get these children reading,” she says, “we will lose out on adult readers. To be fully literate, you have to start as a child.” Macmillan-Scott argues against the suggestion that reading is in decline. “If you look at our figures,” she objects, “you’ll find that children do read and that Scoop is part of a craze for reading hardback books. Kids love paper and print. They might play games on a digital device, but they prefer not to read on a Kindle. The real market for e-books is among young adult readers.” Some of her evidence is anecdotal, but her sales figures and readership surveys support a picture of eight to 12-year-olds absorbed in books. “What our research shows beyond question,” she says, “is that children have a love for reading that’s not seriously threatened by other kinds of entertainment. Reading for pleasure is a very real thing at this age, and the worries that some adults have about children losing interest in reading are simply not grounded in reality.” 36．It can be learned from the passage that Scoop ________. A．is aimed at teenagers in Britain B．has taken a year to publish its first issue C．has got its name from Arthur Mee’s newspaper D．pays as much to young writers as to famous ones 37．The word “anecdotal” (in Para 6) is closet in meaning to ________. A．conclusive B．undeniable C．defensive D．unconvincing 38．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Children would rather listen to stories than tell stories by themselves. B．Magazines for children aged under 8 are not very common in Britain. C．Scoop illustrates the power of printed books in the face of digital revolution. D．Research carried out by Scoop has been questioned by those writing for children. 39．Macmillan-Scott is most likely to agree that _______. A．the market for children’s e-books remains to be explored B．a child who dislikes reading won’t love reading when grown up C．other kinds of entertainment have influenced children’s reading habits D．it is necessary for adults to worry about children’s lack of interest in reading (B) The Life of a Person Who Wakes Up Really Early ◎Who Are the “Larks”? Some people open their eyes at 5:30 a.m. or even earlier without an alarm. They are called “larks.” These early risers often start their day while others are still asleep. According to a long-term study in the journal Sleep, the number of extreme early risers is larger than scientists once thought. Did you know? In a study of 2,422 patients, about 1 in every 300 naturally woke up by 5:30 a.m. The Science Behind Early Rising Louis J. Ptacek, a neurologist at the University of California, and his team spent ten years studying these people. They found that the habit is sometimes genetic. Some families include several members who all wake up before dawn. These “super-larks” don’t need more sleep than others. They fall asleep earlier and wake up refreshed, even on weekends. Health and Lifestyle Early Risers (Larks)Wake up around 4-5:30 a.m. Easier to wake and stay alert Often healthier (lower risk of heart disease) Viewed as “active” or “hard-working” Night OwlsGo to bed after midnight Find mornings difficult More health risks from late sleep Sometimes unfairly seen as “lazy” A Matter of Perception Society tends to praise people who get up early. We often hear “The early bird catches the worm.” But researchers warn that this belief isn’t always fair. Many night owls do creative and productive work late at night — just as larks are making their first coffee. Expert Insight “Being an early riser isn’t rare or a problem — unless the person dislikes it.” —Louis J. Ptacek, University of CaliforniaIn short: Whether you’re a morning lark or a night owl, what matters most is keeping a schedule that fits your body’s natural rhythm. 40．What did Louis J. Ptacek and his team mainly discover? A．The habit of waking up early can run in families. B．People tend to wake up earlier as they grow older. C．Night owls are usually more creative than early risers. D．There are more early risers than scientists once believed. 41．What can be learned from the comparison table? A．Night owls face fewer health problems. B．Early risers usually enjoy more free time. C．Night owls are sometimes unfairly judged. D．People who stay up late have less discipline. 42．What is the key idea of the passage? A．Night owls need to change their sleeping habits. B．Everyone should follow the same daily schedule. C．Waking up early ensures better health and success. D．People should follow their own natural body rhythm.          (C) It’s almost spring, the time of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process. From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media. “The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marile Colon Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds. Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES) Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds(细小的卷云)from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow(片状雪)or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground. “Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from the satellite,” said Colon Robles. You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colon Robles offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data. 43．Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge? A．The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands. B．The technology CERES uses is not that advanced C．Scientists can compare data from different instruments. D．Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover 44．The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to _________. A．create B．cancel C．count D．confirm 45．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app B．Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize C．Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images D．The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media 46．Which is the best title for the passage? A．NASA Employs New members B．Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge C．Citizens Gain Experience through Observation D．Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. How We Meet the Future Generalizing has a bad rap. A child who has met a friendly golden retriever may conclude that all dogs are friendly, and then walk up to a dangerous one. When someone makes unwarranted claims about a whole social group, we criticize them for stereotyping. 47 The cost of the opposite error is harder to see: without generalizing we would be paralyzed by the world’s complexity, and no attention would be left for whatever is new. The philosopher Frank Ramsey gave this thought its classic form. To believe a generalization, he argued, is not to pile up facts about particular cases but to acquire a habit or disposition (倾向). If you believe that all humans are mortal, you will take care not to run over your friends with your car, because you are disposed to treat any human you meet as mortal. 48 It is how we orient ourselves in the face of new observations and experiences. Most of our working beliefs, however, are not universal but generic: dogs bark, buses stop for passengers. 49 I can go on believing that cats are furry while knowing that Sphynx cats (无毛猫) are not. They are beliefs we can hold without constant revision. It is their reach beyond the evidence that makes them useful. A dozen encounters with dogs or buses tell us what to expect next, and leave attention free for whatever breaks the pattern. Most of the world, then, arrives already half-understood. Like other beliefs in generalizations, stereotypes are part of the system with which we meet the future. They impose structure on our experiences. We cannot attend to every individual difference but instead use these beliefs to simplify our experience and make predictions about the future. But sometimes stereotyping people is deemed to be morally wrong, since it overrides their autonomy as individuals. But this charge is too quick: the need to simplify is real, and it is not in itself a fault. The mistake, then, is not the desire to generalize. 50 What we can do is test our beliefs the way Ramsey would judge a disposition: how often does it lead us into error, and how costly is that error? A wrong belief about mosquitoes costs me little; a wrong belief about a group of people can cost them a great deal. A．Rather, it is a shortcut we cannot do without. B．These altogether make up the system with which we “meet the future”. C．Universal generalizations, formulated with a high degree of precision, admit no exceptions. D．Yet we hear far less about the opposite failure — the failure to generalize enough. E．Unlike universal claims, generic beliefs survive counterexample. F．It seems an obvious, if understandable, mistake to generalize beyond what our evidence supports. IV.Summary Writing 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Why it’s so hard to take advice The funny thing about advice: We overvalue the advice of experts while undervaluing the input of regular folk. One reason taking advice is problematic for many of us is that status matters. Something called optimism bias gives most of us a general hopefulness that things will work out even when the odds suggest otherwise. And optimism bias increases, researchers have found, when the person offering advice is seen as an expert. The expert’s reputation boosts the expectation of success if we listen to them — even though our confidence often proves wrong. So it requires a massive leap of modesty to listen to advice from humbler sources. A couple of years ago, filmmaker M. Night Shyamalan benefited from advice from a humble source. After the huge commercial and critical success of The Sixth Sense, Shyamalan’s fortunes had grown cloudier. Box office for his later movies was decent, but the critics had turned on him. Instead of shrugging off this critic, Shyamalan wondered whether there might be something to the pan. His signature as a filmmaker was a kind of genre-bending twist: You think you’re watching one kind of film, and then it turns into something different. Each transition shifts the intensity. But for the technique to work, the intensity must escalate. In The Village, it didn’t. Shyamalan took the criticism to heart. ‌“Don’t pretend you’re not hurt by what that dude just said” was what Shyamalan took away from the experience. Instead, he decided to go with it. The director doubled down on his signature shape-shifting style for his next film, Split, which told the story of a man with 24 personalities. It made more than $270 million and became one of the most profitable pictures of 2017. It also won back his critics. The required leap of modesty, which Shyamalan had, is a big ask. One useful trick comes from Eastern philosophy: When someone’s coming at you with criticism, that’s when you need to lower your defenses, not raise them. Those who give you a hard time are your teachers. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 52．目标与行动若相去甚远，往往就会难以遂愿。 (fulfill) _____________________________________________________________________________ 53．这座城市群山环抱，风景如画，却每天下午雷打不动地下起暴雨。(embrace) _____________________________________________________________________________ 54．这部影片是一部传承中国文化精神的佳作，既能愉悦心灵，也能引人深思。（not only） _____________________________________________________________________________ 55．直播可以让主持人实时回答网络观众的提问，这将提高购物体验，吸引更多的网民在线购物。（allow）_____________________________________________________________________________ VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，收到学弟王方的邮件，告诉你下学期学校将开设两门选修课供同学们选择（课程信息如下表所示），但他对课程选择有些茫然，想听取你的建议。请给王方回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须： 1. 推荐其中一门课程； 2. 通过比较两门课程的信息，说明你推荐该课程的理由。 课程名称 公共演讲 创意写作 课程内容 演讲表达 文学创作 授课安排 每周一、四下午，共8周 每周五下午，共16周 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $