上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年第一学期高二年级英语学科1月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科1月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. while/although/though 2. that 3. to check 4. were visited 5. which 6. exposed 7. don’t need 8. Reading 9. before 10. by Section B 11. J 12. G 13. E 14. C 15. A 16. I 17. F 18. B 19. H 20. K II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. D 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C Section B 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. A Section C 47. D 48. A 49. F 50. B III. Summary Writing 51. John Doerr is a businessman and an environmental activist, who, together with his colleagues, calls on businesses, individuals and governments to play their roles in environmental protection. First, people can replace traditional bulbs with efficient bulbs. Second, renewable biofuels are a better choice for cars and trucks. Lastly, companies can do something to save energy and reduce CO₂ emissions. IV. Translation 52. He has a bad temper, so I can’t afford to offend him. 53. The engineer can diagnose an engine problem just by listening. 54. If your bookshelves are open, you'd better spend a few days rearranging the books on them. 55. When you put the flowers into the vase, you may be disappointed to find that they are boring, but they are sure to give you a surprise as time goes on. V. Guided Writing 56. Dear Editor, If I were given the opportunity to create a time capsule for future generations, I would choose to place a physical book inside it. First and foremost, a book serves as a tangible symbol of our era. In this digital age dominated by smartphones and e-readers, a physical book represents tranquility and traditional intellectual pursuit, reflecting our cultural heritage and the enduring value of deep reading. Secondly, books carry profound emotional and cultural weight. A physical book is not merely a compilation of printed pages; it embodies the author's wisdom and the reader's personal memories, offering a stark contrast to the fleeting nature of digital information. In conclusion, by placing a book in the time capsule, I hope to tell future generations that amidst rapid technological evolution, humans still cherish the act of turning pages and the wisdom encapsulated in literature. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2023学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科1月第一次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Reading the Story It's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful of—being asked to read the same book many, many times. But 1          the constant repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for children to learn new words, according to research. The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope 2          they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar will achieve far more. Dr. Jessica Horst of the University of Sussex's WORD Lab devised an experiment 3          (check) how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and recall six new words. The children 4          (visit) three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three different stories. All had the same number of new words 5          appeared the same number of times. When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had typically learned 3.6 of the new words, while those 6          (expose) to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6. They also noted the "repetition" group learned at a faster rate than those in the "variety" group. Dr. Horst said, "We are showing that less is more, to a point. And, obviously, the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help him or her. But you 7          (not need) to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. 8          (read) the same books over and over again helps." Speaking of the previous studies, we have found one in three parents don't read to their children 9          putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one reading periods can improve reading age 10          nearly two years in less than five months. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. potentially B. results C. rewards D. sensitive E. survival F. transmit G. distinguish H. responding I. developed J. conscious K. rapidly Sense of smell is our most rapid warning system “The human avoidance response to unpleasant smells associated with danger has long been seen as a 11          cognitive process, but our study shows for the first time that it’s unconscious and extremely rapid,” says the study’s first author Behzad Iravani, researcher at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet. The organ relating to the sense of smell takes up about five per cent of the human brain and enables us to 12          between many million different smells. A large proportion of these smells are associated with a threat to our health and 13         , such as that of chemicals and rotten food. Smell signals reach the brain within 100 to 150 milliseconds after being breathed in through the nose. The survival of all living organisms depends on their ability to avoid danger and seek 14         . In humans, the olfactory sense seems particularly important for detecting and reacting to 15          harmful substances. It has long been a mystery just which sensory systems are involved in the change of an unpleasant smell into avoidance behavior in humans. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now 16          a method that for the first time has made it possible to measure signals from the human smell organ, which processes smells and in turn can 17          signals to parts of the brain that control movement and avoidance behavior. Their 18          are based on three experiments in which participants were asked to rate their experience of six different smells, some positive, some negative, while the electrophysiological activity of the smell organ when 19          to each of the smells was measured. “It was clear that the organ reacts specifically and 20          to negative smells and sends a direct signal to the outer layer of the organ within about 300 ms,” says the study’s last author Johan Lundström. “The signal causes the person to unconsciously lean back and away from the source of the smell.” II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We all know the dangers of a diet that’s high in fat. But a new study from researchers at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) in Japan has now found having a fat-heavy diet can also 21         hair loss. In the average healthy adult, the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) (毛囊干细胞) 22         themselves regularly, which is why your hair grows back when you cut it and also why it becomes longer. As with most things in the human body, though, aging doesn’t do the HFSCs any 23         . As you get older, the stem cells lose their ability to reproduce as 24         as they once did, leaving the hair to thin and/or fall out. In the study carried out by TMDU’s department of stem cell biology, mice that had been given a high-fat diet (HFD) were more subject to inflammatory (炎症的) responses in the body which, 25         , blocked follicle regeneration, leading to hair loss. What was surprising was that the 26         in the hair follicles could happen in as little as four days spent on a high-fat diet and that the problem seemed to be worse in older mice. “High-fat diet feeding makes hair 27         faster by reducing HFSCs, especially in old mice,” explains Hironobu Morinaga, the study’s lead author. “We compared the gene expression in HFSCs between HFD-fed mice and standard diet-fed mice and 28         the fate of those HFSCs after their activation.” It’s not just the 29         content of your food that can damage your hair as what you consume can really affect how your hair grows and even whether men will keep it, as Dr Alia Ahmed, who specializes in the study of skin, explains. 30         shortages are often the root cause of many hair problems, adds Dr Ahmed. “Iron, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, etc. — there are so many nutrients involved in hair 31         ,” she says. “It’s not just genetics.” If you’ve got a sweet tooth, for example, you may need to think about 32         the sweet food. Not only is sugar bad for your hair, but it can cause your blood sugar levels to rise dramatically, which, in men, can raise the levels of the hormone androgen (雄性激素), leading to follicle 33         and potential hair loss. But don’t make the 34         of substituting artificial sweeteners for sugar. Take diet drinks that replace processed sugar with artificial sweeteners like aspartame, for instance. In their analysis of aspartame, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has listed hair thinning and hair loss as one of the main side effects of 35         of aspartame. 21. A. fit in with B. make up for C. cope with D. speed up 22. A. cure B. renew C. identify D. protect 23. A. harm B. favours C. justice D. corrections 24. A. efficiently B. constructively C. generously D. fundamentally 25. A. in turn B. by contrast C. for instance D. as usual 26. A. participating B. persevering C. worsening D. documenting 27. A. dying B. growing C. cleaning D. thinning 28. A. altered B. traced C. suspected D. stimulated 29. A. protein B. vitamin C. sugar D. fat 30. A. Sleep B. Water C. Nutritional D. Widespread 31. A. products B. samples C. disorders D. cells 32. A. putting down B. messing up C. figuring out D. turning over 33. A. recreation B. damage C. replacement D. disappearance 34. A. use B. prospect C. difference D. mistake 35. A. disrespect B. undervaluation C. overconsumption D. misunderstanding Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） The Bee Line project at the National Botanic Garden relies on volunteers to record the first flowering dates of common wild plants, and the data they collect feeds into a long-term study of how climate change is shifting the seasons. The scheme began in 1998 with eleven recorders and a paper notebook. It now has more than 900 active volunteers, and its records go back further than those of any comparable research station in the country. What makes the Bee Line different from a conventional survey is that volunteers choose their own patch. Each is asked to select a walk they already take — a garden, a street, a stretch of towpath — and to record the same plants there, in the same way, week after week. Regularity matters more than coverage. A recorder who visits the same twenty metres every Sunday for three years produces data of far greater value than one who wanders across the county whenever the mood takes them. The scheme is designed to suit people who are not botanists. Recorders are asked to identify only twelve species, all of them common and unmistakable, and each receives a laminated guide with photographs and a short test to confirm they can tell a dandelion from a hawkweed. Beyond that, training is deliberately limited. “We are not running a botany course,” the project’s coordinator, Dr Aisha Karim, says. “We are asking for careful observation. That is a different skill, and most people already have it.” If you enjoy… •walking the same route regularly and noticing small changes in it. •recording observations precisely rather than working quickly. If you have… •about twenty minutes a week between March and October. •a smartphone or a computer for entering your records within a day or two. If you can… •attend one half-day induction session and one refresher morning a year. •commit for at least two full seasons. To apply Complete the online form, giving the location you intend to record. Applications are considered in February, and the next induction session will be held on 9 March. Places are limited to sixty a year, and preference is given to applicants whose chosen route is not already covered. 36. What is the most important quality in a Bee Line recorder? A. Wide knowledge of wild plants. B. Consistent observation of the same site. C. Willingness to travel across the county. D. Ability to identify a large number of species. 37. What does Dr Karim suggest about the training provided? A. It is too short to be useful. B. It aims to turn volunteers into botanists. C. It assumes a skill that most people already possess. D. It is more demanding than a botany course. 38. Why might an application be refused? A. The applicant lives outside the county. B. The applicant cannot attend the March session. C. The applicant has recorded the same route for years. D. The route chosen is one the project already covers. 39. What is the passage mainly intended to do? A. Report the findings of a long-term study. B. Explain how flowering dates are recorded. C. Recruit volunteers for a recording scheme. D. Compare two methods of botanical surveying. （B） Pursuit Marketing, based in Glasgow, declared Fridays to be voluntary for all staff in September 2016. Following an initial 37 per cent productivity increase, which operations director Lorraine Gray owes to the novelty factor, total productivity settled to almost 30 per cent higher than before the change. "I think it works really well here because it's part of an overall culture of wellbeing," says Gray. "Everyone is really clear that the focus is on the work-life balance and making sure everyone can be the best version of themselves." Having less time to complete the same tasks drives staff to work efficiently. "Just shifting to thinking about 'How can I do my work in less time?' focuses people's attention on what is important for them to do. They make slightly more strategic decisions over the actions that are going to result in higher levels of productivity," explains Prof Paul Redford, an occupational psychologist at the University of the West of England. The 9 to 5, five-day week is a relatively recent invention in the history of human work. It was the result of much campaigning to reduce working hours once the Industrial Revolution had provided technology to vastly improve productivity. The Trades Union Congress (TUC) believes that we should once more take advantage of the rewards of our technological boom, in particular AI and automation, and shorten our working week further. "The Industrial Revolution, with the promotion of factory-based working, shifted the nature of work to this 9 to 5," says Redford. "We're still, in some ways, in the tail end of a post-manufacturing industry style of working. I think we have an overemphasis on productivity. Sometimes the focus on wellbeing is saying that it's good to have high levels of wellbeing because it's more productive; I think that wellbeing is not a bad aim in and of itself." 40. What does "the novelty factor" (paragraph 1) refer to? A. Productivity increased by 38%. B. Workers needn't work on Fridays. C. Pursuit Marketing was based in Glasgow. D. Total productivity settled to almost 30% higher. 41. What can be learned from the passage? A. Pursuit Marketing's total productivity has risen by 38% since September 2016. B. The Industrial Revolution directly resulted in the 9 to 5, five-day week. C. The TUC advocates a shorter working week with the help of technology. D. Prof Redford holds that wellbeing matters because it raises productivity. 42. In terms of a four-day work week, which of the following statements is Prof Paul Redford most likely to agree with? A. Workers can make more strategic decisions. B. High productivity can improve workers' wellbeing. C. Workers may ignore the importance of productivity. D. AI and automation has resulted in a shorter working week. （C） Draw a line across a page, and write on it what you had for dinner yesterday and what you plan to eat tomorrow. If you come from pretty much any European country, you no doubt write last night's meal to the left of tomorrow night's because we construct mental timelines to represent and reason about time, and most people in the West think of the past as on the left, and the future as on the right. Arnaud Saj at the University of Geneva and his colleagues wondered whether the ability to create a mental timeline is a necessary part of reasoning about events in time. They found seven Europeans with left hemispatial neglect, which means they have damage to parts of the right side of their brain, limiting their ability to detect, identify and interact with objects in the left-hand side of space. They may eat from only the right side of a plate or shave just the right side of their face. The team also found seven volunteers who had damage to the right side of their brain but didn't have hemispatial neglect, and seven people with undamaged brains. All the volunteers took part in memory tests. First, they learned about a fictional man called David. They were shown pictures of what David liked to eat 10 years ago, and what he might like to eat in 10 years' time. Participants were then shown drawings of 10 of David's favourite foods, plus four food items they hadn't seen before. Participants had to say whether it was a food that David liked in the past or might like in the future. The tests were repeated with items in David's apartment. People with hemispatial neglect could remember just as many items as the other two groups of volunteers. However, of these items, significantly fewer were from David's past than his future. They were also more likely to make mistakes about items when they were from the past. In other words, people with hemispatial neglect have trouble imagining the left side of their timeline, and consequently assign past events to the future. It would be interesting to see whether people with neglect of the right space have trouble with events that are supposed to happen in the future, says Saj, but these kinds of symptoms are rare since the brain areas that represent space are predominantly in the right side. Together these results suggest that the ability to represent space in the mind's eye is vital to our ability to remember and reason about events that occur along that timeline. "It gives us an understanding of the representation of time in humans," says Saj. His team will now investigate how people with spatial neglect represent their own understanding of space and time. "They get bored less than others in hospital because the time seems to pass more quickly to them," he says. Saj's team will test whether these people experience a compression of "personal time". 43. People with left hemispatial neglect are most likely to____. A. use their left hands more often than right hands B. start reading from the right side of the page C. ignore numbers on the left side of a clock D. shave just the left side of the face 44. What does Arnaud Saj imply about people with right hemispatial neglect? A. Their understanding of time is different from others. B. They are likely to assign the future events to the past. C. They have little trouble reasoning about events in time. D. Their ability to represent space has been greatly affected. 45. The word "compression" (in the last paragraph) is closest in meaning to____ A. saving B. dividing C. forgetting D. shortening 46. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Past may well be very vague if your right side of the brain is faulty. B. Right hemispatial neglect is a rare condition among people from the West. C. The brain areas that help understand space and time are close to each other. D. The ability to remember time has something to do with where you are from. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Off the rails A. Until now, passengers have put up with it. B. Londoners may not be willing to wait. C. The government is considering limiting fare increases more strictly in the future. D. Eventually he moved to Liverpool to escape his awful commute. E. If the government ends up forking out more for the everyday running of the railways, its investment plans may be suspended. F. With more part-time jobs and technology that lets people work from home, going to the office every day is falling out of fashion. Along with 3m other workers, Eamonn, a civil servant, used to commute (通勤) into London daily. It was once an easy journey of 30 minutes by train from Coulsdon South to Victoria. But after years of strikes and driver shortages at Southern Rail, the operator on that line, a train running on time felt like a "luxury for special occasions only," he complains. With Southern cancelling up to 350 trains a day, in one three-week period last autumn he managed to get to the office on only two days. 47          Many other Londoners are changing the way they work because of the railways' poor, pricey service. In January 2017, rail fares across Britain rose by an average of 3.4%, the largest increase since 2013. Over the past decade fares have risen twice as fast as salaries. 48          Since the industry was privatised in the mid-1990s, the number of rail journeys in the south-east has increased by 130%, though fares have risen by 45% in real terms. But that seems to be changing. The year to April 2017 saw the first big drop in passenger numbers in the south-east. Very likely it is high fares and unreliable service that are persuading commuters to change how they work, says Stephen Joseph of the Campaign for Better Transport. In the six months to September, journeys made on season tickets—which save money for daily commuters—fell by a tenth, while journeys made using single-use tickets continue to rise. The trend is strongest in the south-east, where fares are highest and services heavily affected. 49          Employers, facing high rents, are keen to encourage this. Mr Joseph suggests that moving to a simpler fare structure, with season tickets for part-time commuters, could draw more people back onto trains, as such schemes have elsewhere in Europe. 50          As Eamonn notes, in Liverpool getting to work costs only £15 a week—and even on strike days the trains get him to work on time. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Greentech John Doerr is known as a "money man" in Silicon Valley, where he invested in big companies like Amazon and Google. But Doerr is also passionate about saving the planet. He and his business colleagues have spent a lot of time studying "green technology." He has learned that when businesses and individuals make even small changes in the way they use energy, it can have a big impact on the planet. Doerr believes that businesses, individuals, and governments all need to be involved to solve environmental problems, and that it will require innovations. One of the biggest changes everyone can make, Doerr says, is to switch the light bulbs in their houses to energy-efficient bulbs. These light bulbs use three to five times less energy than regular light bulbs, which reduces CO2 emissions, and they last much longer—some can last up to eight years! They are more expensive than regular bulbs, but the energy they save over time makes up for the difference in price. Doerr recommends using more renewable biofuels in our cars and trucks. Very few vehicles in the world run on these special fuels right now. However, some countries are making it easier for drivers to use them. In Brazil, for example, about 40% of vehicles use biofuels, which keeps millions of tons of CO2 out of the air. And researchers are working to develop better biofuels all the time, which will save more energy, keep the air cleaner, and make the planet healthier. Companies can make changes that impact the environment, too. A large chain of stores painted the roofs of about 25% of their buildings white and installed skylights. As a result, they saved money on lighting and air-conditioning, and reduced the CO2 emissions associated with those energy uses. In order to make decisions that will affect the future in positive ways, we need to know as consumers how much our choices cost, Doerr says. Those costs can be financial, like the price of a light bulb or a liter of fuel, or they can be environmental. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 他脾气不太好，我可不敢得罪他。(afford) 53. 这位工程师只要听一下就能判断发动机出了什么问题。(diagnose) 54. 如果你的书架是开放的，不妨花几天把书架上的书重新摆放一下。(better) 55. 当你把这些花放进花瓶的时候，你会很失望地发现它们有点乏味，但是随着时间的推移，它们一定会给你带来惊喜。(sure) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近在学校英语报上看到一个主题为 "Time Capsule" 的征文，你对此很感兴趣。写一篇文章，内容需包括：1) 你计划将什么物品放入 "时间胶囊"；2) 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $