04-Unit 1 Period Four Using Language（课件PPT）-【满分思维】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第一册配套课件（人教版）

Period Four Using Language 1 课前自主探究 语言知识梳理 课后习题 2 Task 1： Fast Reading ●ⅠThe text is developed in the order of ______. ●ⅡText Structure Analysing time contributions achievements appearance death 课前自主探究 3 Task 2： Careful Reading ( )1.What did Einstein do in 1905? A.He took a job in the Swiss patent office. B.He published four extraordinary papers. C.He quit his job and entered research full-time at a university. D.He took a job at a university. √ 课前自主探究 4 ( )2.What caused Einstein to win the Nobel Prize in 1922? A.The general theory of relativity. B.The formula E=mc 2 . C.His four physics papers. D.His explanation of the photoelectric effect. √ 课前自主探究 5 ( )3.Why did Einstein leave Germany? A.To avoid being caught by Hitler. B.To work in an American university. C.To attend an important meeting in America. D.To meet one of the most famous scientists. √ 课前自主探究 6 ( )4.Why did the writer give the example of a little girl? A.To show Einstein was a great scientist. B.To show Einstein was a humorous person. C.To show Einstein was a friendly person. D.To show Einstein didn't care about fame. √ 课前自主探究 7 Task 3： Micro-writing Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of 1.　　　　　　 smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous 2.　　　　　　 (contribute) to the world, the most well-known 3.　　　　　　 (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc 2. He was not only a genius, but also a 4.　　　　　　 (courage) and kind person. the contributions being courageous 课前自主探究 8 Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. He 5.　　　　 (enter) university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. In 1905, he earned a doctorate in physics and published four extraordinary physics papers. In 1922, he 6.　　　　　　 (award) the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In 1933, he was forced 7.　　　　　　 (flee) Germany and 8.　　　　　　 (eventual) took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.  entered was awarded to flee eventually 课前自主探究 9 Although Einstein was a genius, he sometimes forgot things. He was loved by his friends and neighbours. He even made friends with a little girl, 9._____ asked for help with her homework. In 1955, Einstein passed 10.______. The whole world mourned the great loss of the scientist. Till now, Einstein is remembered and respected by the public. who away 课前自主探究 10 1.found vt.创建; 建立 (1)found…on/upon…(=base…on/upon…) 把……基于……之上,把……建立在……之上 be founded on/upon…(=be based on/upon…) 建立在……之上;以……为基础/根据 (2)foundation n. 基础;基金会;建立 build up/lay a solid foundation for… 为……奠定坚实的基础 语言知识梳理 11 【佳句背诵】 True friendship is founded on trust, respect, and mutual understanding.真正的友谊建立在信任、尊重和相互理解的基础上。 语言知识梳理 12 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①[2022·全国甲卷] We’ve got a 　　　　　　(found) built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.   ②The town, 　　　　　　(found) by English settlers in 1790, has been transformed into a large city.   ③The company 　　　　　　(found) in the early 1900s and has since grown into a global leader in its field.   foundation founded was founded 语言知识梳理 13 ◆完成句子/句式改写 ④It was four years' college life ______________________________ _____________ his work. 正是四年的大学生活为他的工作打下了坚实的基础。 that laid/built up a solid foundation for ⑤St. Louis _____________ in 1764 by French traders, and today it is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States. →__________________________________, St. Louis today is the fifteenth largest urban area in the United States.(用过去分词作状 语改写) 圣路易斯由法国商人于1764年建立,如今是美国第十五大城市。 was founded Founded in 1764 by French traders 语言知识梳理 14 2.passion n. 酷爱;激情;热爱 (1)have a passion for 酷爱……,喜爱…… out of a passion for 出于对……的热爱 (2)passionate adj. 热情的;怒不可遏的;狂热的 be passionate about… 对……充满热情 语言知识梳理 15 【佳句背诵】 (教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. 在那里工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他继续学习,于1905年获得物理 学博士学位。 语言知识梳理 16 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion 　　　　　 making the great outdoors accessible to all.   ②She is 　　　　　　(passion) about painting, spending hours every day perfecting her art.   for passionate 语言知识梳理 17 ◆完成句子 ③[2023·天津卷书面表达] As a Chinese, I 　 　　　　　　　 making Chinese cuisine, for example, dumplings.   作为一个中国人,我热衷于做中国美食,比如饺子。 ④The activity not only offered us students an opportunity to get exposed to the local art, but also stimulated 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　. (应用文写作之活动感受)   这次活动不仅让我们学生有机会接触到当地的艺术,也激发了我们 弘扬中国传统文化的热情。 have a passion for our passion for promoting traditional Chinese culture 语言知识梳理 18 3.come to power 上台;(开始)掌权 (1)(be) in power 执政;当权 beyond one's power(=out of one's power) 是某人力所不能及的 do all/everything in one's power to do sth 尽某人所能做某事 (2)power n. 权力；影响力;力量；动力 vt. 为……提供动力；驱动 powerful adj. 有力量的，强大的；有权势的，有影响力的 语言知识梳理 19 ［温馨提示］come to/into power 表动作, 为非延续性动词短语, 不能与一段时间连用; 延续性动词短语形式应用be in power“执政, 在位”(表状态)。 语言知识梳理 20 【佳句背诵】 (教材P8)Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. 1933年,希特勒在德国上台执政后,形势发生了变化。 语言知识梳理 21 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①［2023·北京卷］I could tell they weren't making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power _______ (tell) a funny story. to tell ②The party has been ___ power for many years, and it has shown its strengths in dealing with important issues. in 语言知识梳理 22 ③[2024·浙江1月考] She felt energetic, refreshed and _________ (power) and believed she could overcome any obstacle in her life, including her poor sense of direction. powerful ④The train raced along the tracks, _________(power) by electricity, carrying passengers on a journey of discovery. powered 语言知识梳理 23 ◆完成句子 ⑤Looking back on what she had done, she realized that _____________________________ was not only about achieving a goal but also about growing as a person.(读后续写之成长经历) 回顾自己所做的一切，她意识到尽自己所能不仅仅是为了实现一个 目标，也是为了个人的成长。 doing everything in her power 语言知识梳理 24 4.consequence n. 结果; 后果; 影响 (1)as a consequence(=in consequence/as a result) 结果,因此 as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of) 因为……;由于…… take/suffer/face the consequences (of sth) 承担(某事的)后果 (2)consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之而来的 (3)consequently adv. 结果,因此 语言知识梳理 25 【佳句背诵】 It is as a consequence of (=in consequence of/as a result of) man's activities that many species have died out. 正是由于人类的活动,许多物种已经灭绝了。 语言知识梳理 26 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①The flight was delayed because of fog, and (consequent), he didn't make it to his best friend's wedding in time. consequently ②Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific (consequence). ③His death was totally unexpected and, ___ consequence, no plans had been made for his replacement. consequences in 语言知识梳理 27 ◆完成句子 ④[2021·北京卷书面表达] My grandfather is under treatment in hospital, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　, I have to take care of him.   我祖父在医院接受治疗,因此我不得不照顾他。 as a consequence/in consequence/consequently 语言知识梳理 28 ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　, I was able to overcome the difficulties in my study smoothly and achieved good results in the recent exam. (应用文写作之感谢信)   因为您的热心帮助,我得以顺利克服学习上的困难,并在最近的考试中 取得了好成绩。 As a consequence of your kind assistance 语言知识梳理 29 5.take up a position 担任;任职 take up 继续;开始从事(一项新的工作)或开始承 担(一项新的责任);占据(空间、位置);接 受(建议或挑战);开始学习;拿起 take on 雇用;呈现 take over 接管 take off 脱掉;起飞;休假;突然成功 take in 收留;容纳;理解;欺骗 take down 拆掉;写下 take back 收回(所说的话) 语言知识梳理 30 【佳句背诵】 (教材P8)After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. 在欧洲度过一段时间后,他终于在美国普林斯顿高等研究院谋得研究 员一职。 语言知识梳理 31 【活学活用】 ◆一词多义 ①Sometimes, the smallest things take up the most room in your heart. ______ ②When did you take up Japanese as a second foreign language? __________ ③Harry took up the tale at the point where John had left off. ______ ④I took up the telephone receiver only to dial a wrong number. ______ 占据 开始学习 继续 拿起 语言知识梳理 32 ◆完成句子 ⑤Once everyone accommodates to low-carbon lifestyle, our campus ______________________________. 一旦每个人都适应低碳的生活方式,我们的校园将会呈现出崭新的面貌。 will take on a brand new look ⑥If I can _______________________ president of the Student Union, I will do everything in my power to create more colourful school activities for students. (应用文写作之申请信) 如果我能担任学生会主席一职,我将尽全力为学生创造更加丰富多彩 的校园活动。 take up the position as 语言知识梳理 33 1.(教材P8)While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.在那里工作期间,出于强烈的求知欲,他继续学习, 于1905年获得物理学博士学位。 语言知识梳理 34 句型公式 “连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n.…”式的省略结构 【句式点拨】 while working there相当于while he was working there。当when, while, unless, as if等引导状语从句时,若从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句 的主语是it,且从句的谓语有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词, 构成“连词+v.-ing/v.-ed/adj./n./…”式的省略结构。 语言知识梳理 35 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①When ______(take) according to the instructions, the drug has the minimal side effects. ②While __________(travel) in Europe he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures. taken travelling 语言知识梳理 36 ◆完成句子 ③While 　　　　　　　　　　　 　, we discussed the great artists’ works, from which we broadened our horizons. (应用文写作之活动介绍)   参观艺术展览时,我们讨论了伟大艺术家的作品,从中我们开阔了视野。 ④Though 　　　　　　　　　　 　　, he still risked his life to enter the cave.   尽管有人警告他有危险,他还是冒着生命危险进入洞穴。 (we were) visiting the art exhibition (he was) warned of the danger 语言知识梳理 37 2.(教材P8)He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.他留着浓密的胡须和白色的长发,有时 它们都竖起来,好像他刚刚受到电击一样。 句型公式 as though/if引导的状语从句 语言知识梳理 38 【句式点拨】 as though相当于as if,在句中需用虚拟语气,从句用过去完成时,表示对 过去事情的推测。as though引导方式状语从句,意为“仿佛,好像”。 as though从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用陈述语气; 当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用 虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下: 与现在事实相反 从句用一般过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句用过去完成时“had+过去分词” 与将来事实相反 从句用“would/could/might+动词原形”结构 语言知识梳理 39 ［温馨提示］ as though/if引导状语从句时,若主、从句主语一致,且 从句谓语有be动词时,从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略,即“as though/if+形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式”。如: Jason paused as if (he was) expecting Lanny to speak. 贾森停下来,好像他在期待兰尼讲话。 语言知识梳理 40 【活学活用】 ◆单句填空 ①Although he was just an English beginner, he talked as though/if he 　　　　　　(learn) English for many years.   ②[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] I always read,using different voices, as though I 　　　　(be) acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!   ③[译林选必一] When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if 　　　　　　(whisper) to the audience.   had learnt were whispering 语言知识梳理 41 ◆完成句子 ④[2022·浙江1月考] I went up to my new teammate and introduced myself. He looked at me 　　　　　　　　　　　 　.   我走到我的新队友跟前,做了自我介绍。他看着我,就好像我不存在似的。 as though/if I weren't there 语言知识梳理 42 ⑤[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷] Tears swirling in his eyes, David raised his head, looking at me ______________________________ __________________________________, but soon lowered his head once again.(读后续写之神态描写) 眼泪在眼眶里打转,大卫抬起头,看着我,好像他要对我说点儿什么,但 很快又低下了头。 as if he would say something to me/as if to say something to me 语言知识梳理 43 课 后 习 题 44 Ⅰ单词拼写(每小题1分，满分6分) 1.The river ______ (流动) into Lake Jingpo, and then continues north. flows 2.From his hesitant response, I ________ (推断) that he wasn't quite sure about the answer himself. inferred 3.He was an effective enough _________ (政治家), but he had no ambition to become a party leader. politician 1 2 3 4 5 6 课 后 习 题 45 4.I _____________ (偶遇) many hikers who headed for a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark. encountered 5.In addition, he served as a visiting __________ (教授) at several American universities. professor 6.In a department store, there are __________ (许多的) goods on display, ranging from fashionable clothes to high-quality household appliances. numerous 1 2 3 4 5 6 课 后 习 题 46 Ⅱ 单句填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分) 1. When the fire broke out in the building, all residents 　　　　　　 (flee) to the safety of the street immediately.  fled 2.As a _____________(consequent) of the heavy rain, the football match was postponed to next week. consequence 3.The success of the novels has made her the most highly paid ________ (novel) in history. novelist 4.An Olympic silver medal is a ___________ (remark) achievement for one so young. remarkable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 47 5.The robot was made by Boston Dynamics, a company _________ (found) in 1992 by a professor. founded 6. We can make an 　　　　　　(infer) from his body language that he is nervous about the interview.  7.Carefully (draft) and thoroughly reviewed, the new policy was expected to have a significant impact on the economy. inference drafted 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 48 8.He was a handsome Spanish man with a ___________(passion) nature and a warm, generous heart. passionate 9.In the good care of the nurses, the boy is __________ (gradual) recovering from his heart operation. gradually 10. The teacher spoke 　　　　　　(gentle) to the nervous student, encouraging her to try again. gently 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 课 后 习 题 Ⅲ 短语填空(每小题2分，满分16分) 1.Darwin was an English naturalist who __________________ (对……有强烈的爱好) nature. had a passion for 2.He turned down an offer from Ms Gillard to ____________ _______ (担任职务) in a new ministry. take up a position 3. The teacher 　　　　　　(概括,总结) the lesson before the class ended, helping us review key knowledge.  summed up 4.The river overflowed its banks, and _____________________ ______________________ (因此), several nearby homes were flooded. as a consequence/in consequence/as a result 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 50 5.The furniture suffers a lot of ______________ (磨损) because it has been used for many years. wear and tear 6.After the president ________________(开始执政), he launched a series of policies to boost the economy. came to power 7.We were all in deep sorrow upon hearing the news that Dr Yuan _________________ (去世). had passed away 8.__________________________ (在这种情况下), we had no choice but to cancel the outdoor event. Under/In the circumstances 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 后 习 题 51 Ⅳ 句型训练(每小题3分，满分12分) 1.___________________________________, but he also proved himself to be a reliable person.(not only) 他不仅展示了他的勇气,而且还证明了他是一个可靠的人。 Not only did he display his courage 2.Even today, I still clearly remember the whole thing _______________________________. (as though) 时至今日,我仍然清楚地记得整个事情,就好像它刚刚发生一样。 as though it had just happened 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 52 3.While ___________________, I made up my mind to be a lawyer to help those who couldn't afford legal fees. (状语从句的省略) 在大学学习时,我就下定决心成为一名律师以帮助那些没有钱打官司 的人。 studying in college 4.If you go to the Palace Museum, you'll ____________________ ________________________ there.(find+宾语+宾补) 你如果去故宫博物院,你就会发现许多珍宝在那儿展览。 find many treasures exhibited/displayed/shown 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 53 Ⅴ 阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分10分) [2026·安徽“皖南八校”高二期中考试] Katherine Johnson, a hero to American space travel and exploration, was born on Aug. 26, 1918, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Her genius for maths and science was evident early and her parents arranged for her and her siblings’ education to be a priority. 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 54 Katherine graduated from high school at only 14 and attended West Virginia State College, a historically black college. When West Virginia decided to quietly integrate its graduate schools in 1939, West Virginia State’s president, Dr John W. Davis, selected her and two men to be the first black students offered spots at the state’s flagship school, West Virginia University. In 1953, in a time of racial separation, she started a job as a human “computer” with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which later developed into NASA. 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 She worked in the West Area Computing section at Langley Research Centre on a team headed by fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan. This turned into a permanent position and set the course for Katherine’s role in space exploration. In 1960, she and engineer Ted Skopinski co-authored Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position, a report laying out the equations (方程式) describing an orbital spaceflight in which the landing position of the spacecraft is specified. 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 It was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division had received credit as an author of a research report. Her expertise was key to John Glenn’s orbit around Earth in 1962, with Glenn putting much of his confidence in Katherine to make the mission a success. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to “get the girl”—Johnson—to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine. “If she says they’re good,” Katherine Johnson remembered the astronaut saying, “then I’m ready to go.” 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了女性航空航天科学家 凯瑟琳的职业生涯和相关事迹。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 58 ( )1. What can we learn about Katherine Johnson’s life experience? A.Her parents attached great importance to her education. B.She was the only black student to enter West Virginia University in 1939. C.She was the leader of the West Area Computing section. D.She joined the NACA organization after NASA had been founded. √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 59 [解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段“Her genius for maths and science was evident early and her parents arranged for her and her siblings’ education to be a priority.”可知,凯瑟琳的父母将她和兄弟姐妹的教育 列为重中之重,即非常重视她的教育。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 60 ( )2. Why does the writer quote John Glenn’s words in the last paragraph? A.To explain Johnson’s hand calculation was tough. B.To highlight John Glenn was a strict mission leader. C.To prove Johnson’s hand calculation was reliable. D.To illustrate the computer’s data was not trustworthy. √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 61 [解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Her expertise was key to John Glenn’s orbit around Earth in 1962, with Glenn putting much of his confidence in Katherine to make the mission a success. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to ‘get the girl’— Johnson—to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine.”可知,在格伦太空飞行之前,他要求 凯瑟琳·约翰逊手动复算电脑数据,因此作者在最后一段引用了约翰· 格伦的话是为了证明约翰逊的手算是可靠的。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 ( )3. Which of the following can best describe Katherine Johnson? A.Modest and sociable. B.Talented and diligent. C.Stubborn and hardworking. D.Considerate and cooperative. √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 63 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“Her genius for maths and science was evident early…”可知,她极具天赋;她在种族隔离时代突破重重阻碍, 长期深耕航天计算领域,还成为飞行研究部门首位获得研究报告署名 的女性,这些能体现她的勤奋,综上可知,“有天赋且勤奋”最贴合她的 形象。故选 B 项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 64 ( )4. What is the best title for the text? A.Katherine Johnson: a lifetime of educational pursuits B.The story of a “computer”: Katherine Johnson’s early life at NASA C.Katherine Johnson: a pioneering force in space exploration D.Mathematics: the key to John Glenn’s historic space flight √ 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 65 [解析] 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知,文章不仅讲述了凯瑟琳的教育 经历和早期工作,更核心的是展现她作为黑人女性,在太空探索领域打破 性别和种族壁垒的开创性贡献,涵盖了她从入职到助力格伦太空任务的 关键成就。C选项“Katherine Johnson: a pioneering force in space exploration”(凯瑟琳·约翰逊:太空探索领域的先锋力量)可作为最好的 题目。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 课 后 习 题 66 Ⅵ 完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分) Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 　1　 the minds of millions of people worldwide.  Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 　2　. Her courage as a researcher comes from her 　3　, who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 　4　 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father 　5　 her interest in engineering. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 课 后 习 题 67 Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 　6　, fashioning devices to make home life more 　7　, including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 　8　 in science and technology,” Sarkar says. After 　9　 a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 　10　 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 　11　 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 　12　 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 　13　, she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice. Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated by the 　14　, which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains. “Our brains are 　15　, but we could be better than what we are,” she says.   1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了纳米技术专家萨卡尔 的成长经历以及她所取得的成就。 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 70 ( )1. A.enrich 　　　　　 B.read C.affect D.poison [解析] 根据常识和下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高我们 大脑处理器的计算速度,由此可推断,她正在进行“影响”全世界数百万人 思维的大脑疾病研究。故选C项。enrich使丰富; read阅读;affect影响; poison毒害。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 71 ( )2. A.birds B.researchers C.failures D.inspirations [解析] 根据下文可知,此处指的是她认为她早年的“灵感”源自父母。 故选D项。credit…as…意思是 “把……视为……;认为……是……”。 bird鸟;researcher研究者; failure失败的人(或事物); inspiration灵感 来源。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 72 ( )3. A.aunt B.mother C.sister D.grandmother [解析] 根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early…”以及下文“…who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by…to fund her own education.” 可知,此处指的是她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的“母亲”。故选B项。 aunt姑妈;mother母亲;sister姐妹; grandmother祖母。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 73 ( )4. A.working B.pretending C.refusing D.waiting [解析] 根据下文“…to fund her own education.”可知,母亲努力工作为 她获取教育基金。故选A项。 work工作; pretend假装; refuse拒绝; wait等待。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 74 ( )5. A.protected B.switched C.stimulated D.supported [解析] 根据上文“Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early…”可知,此处指她的父亲“激发”了她对工程学的兴趣。 故选C项。protect保护;switch改变,转变; stimulate刺激; support支持。 ( )6. A.job B.holiday C.discomfort D.passion [解析] 根据后文“…fashioning devices to make home life more… including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知,做这些设备是 父亲自己“热爱”的事。故选D项。 job工作; holiday假期; discomfort 不适; passion酷爱,激情。 √ √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 75 ( )7. A.complex B.convenient C.peaceful D.meaningful [解析] 根据下文“…including an electricity-free washing machine.” 可知,父亲做了很多设备,包括一台不用电的洗衣机,由此可推断,此处 指的是能使家庭生活更“便利”的设备。故选B项。 complex复杂的; convenient方便的; peaceful平静的; meaningful有意义的。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 76 ( )8. A.interested B.honest C.lucky D.disappointed [解析] 根据上文“Meanwhile, Sarkar􀆳s father…her interest in engineering.”可知,父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣,此处指的是 “感兴趣的”。故选A项。 interested感兴趣的; honest诚实的;lucky 幸运的; disappointed失望的。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 77 ( )9. A.starting B.earning C.needing D.introducing [解析] 根据常识和下文“…Sarkar…California to study nanoelectronics.” 可知,萨卡尔应该是从印度理工学院“获得”电气工程学士学位后去了 加州学习纳米电子学。故选B项。 start开始; earn获得; need需要; introduce介绍。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 78 ( )10. A.adapted to B.related to C.headed to D.belonged to [解析] 根据上文“After…a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad…”以及下文“… California to study nanoelectronics.”可知,萨卡尔在印度理工学院获得 电气工程学士学位后,“前往”加州学习纳米电子学。故选C项。adapt to适应;relate to与……相关; head to朝……前进;belong to属于。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 79 ( )11. A.create B.fix C.operate D.sell [解析] 根据上文“There, she tested new ways…”可知,萨卡尔在加州 测试新方法,由此可推断,此处应为“制造”纳米设备。故选A项。create 创造; fix修理; operate操作; sell售卖。 ( )12. A.water B.money C.power D.time [解析] 根据常识和下文“…consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知,电脑和其他的电子产品应该是耗电的,此处指的是制造 出可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品消耗的“电”量的纳米设备。 故选C项。 water水; money金钱; power电; time时间。 √ √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 80 ( )13. A.Unfortunately B.Immediately C.Obviously D.Eventually [解析] 根据语境以及下文“…she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知,她开发了一种出色的纳米设备,取得了 突破,由此可知,此处应是经过不懈努力后,“最终”取得突破。故选D项。 unfortunately不幸地;immediately立刻; obviously显而易见地; eventually最终。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 81 ( )14. A.computer B.brain C.exercise D.fashion [解析] 根据下文“She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains.”可知,她希望把纳米装置放在人类神经元之间,以提高 我们大脑处理器的计算速度,根据空后的“…which she calls ‘the lowest energy computer’.”可知,被称为“最低能量的计算机”应该是大脑,所以 此处指的是她开始对“大脑”感兴趣。故选B项。 computer电脑;brain 大脑;exercise练习; fashion时尚。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 82 ( )15. A.empty B.busy C.relaxed D.remarkable [解析] 根据常识和下文“…but we could be better than what we are…” 可知,我们可以比我们现在做得更好,由此可知,我们的大脑应是“非凡的”。 故选D项。empty空的;busy忙的; relaxed放松的; remarkable非凡的。 √ 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 2 4 10 课 后 习 题 83 $