1 专题一 名词（PPT课件）-【中考通】2027年中考英语分层复习（人教版·新教材 河南专用）

中考通 讲授人： 英语 2027 软件使用 本课件使用office软件制作，建议老师使用相应软件打开 编辑修改 本课件全文可单击进行编辑修改 便捷操作 快速核答案题号以及返回图标等都有超链接 点击即可跳转至相应页面 专题一 名词　 知识重点重温 语境感知语法 目录 01 02 归纳考查方向 03 中考题型聚焦 04 分层训练提升 05 语境感知语法 专题一 名词　 答案速核 （点击题号跳转到试题） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 April spacewalk courage tourists feet animals’ of 语法感知 1 2 3 4 专有名词 可数名词　不可数名词 规则变化　不规则变化 所属　of所有格 中考题型聚焦 专题一 名词　 答案速核 （点击题号跳转到试题） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 example child rock driver child years years movies years ways brother’s 分层训练提升 专题一 名词　 答案速核 （点击题号跳转到试题） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 13 14 16 17 20 18 19 21 22 23 dictionaries fishermen deer energy safety sadness exercises work children floor boxes areas Ms. Smith London the UK Nanjing No. 3 Middle School The Times April 3 hours’ ride brother’s Eric and Helen’s doctor’s A friend of mine 分层训练提升 专题一 名词　 答案速核 （点击题号跳转到试题） 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 13 14 B D C A B B A A D A C D A A C 语篇运用专练 一 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 same them choose farmers digging weather enemies caught direction teeth 二 知识重点重温 一般情况，直接加-s: year→years(2026·63) 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词,加-es: watch→watches 辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-es: baby→babies 元音字母+y结尾的单词,加-s: monkey→monkeys 以 f/fe 结尾的单词,变 f/fe 为 v,再加-es: wolf→wolves, wife→wives 以o结尾的单词,①有生命,加-es: hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes ②无生命,加-s: photo→photos, piano→pianos 单复同形: sheep→sheep, deer→deer 表示“某国人”,中日不变英法变,其他-s加后面:Chinese→Chinese 特殊变化: man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children 规则变化 不规则变化 可数名词 (5年5考) 名词 返回目录 名词 可用much,little,a little,some,a lot of修饰: some advice, a lot of water 数词/冠词+表示量的名词+of+不可数名词，表示不可数名词的量: two cups of tea, a piece of news 人名、地名、国名：Tom, Paris, China 组织/机构名、报刊/杂志名：Bank of China, Time 星期、月份、节日：Sunday, May, the Spring Festival 称呼、头衔：Mum, Doctor, Black 不可数名词 (5年2考) 专有名词 返回目录 有生命的名词所有格，一般在词尾加’s,但以s结尾的名词只加’: Mary’s book, Teachers’ Day 表示共同所有，在最后一个人后加’s；表示分别所有，在每个人后加’s: Lucy and Lily’s room, Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms 表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可省 略：at my uncle’s 表示时间、距离、价格等，加’s或’：five minutes’ walk 无生命的名词所有格，一般用of结构：a wheel of the car of ’ s所有格，表示其中之一或其中一部分：a picture of my brother ’ s of+名词性物主代词：some new friends of mine the key to the door, the answer to the question, the way to the cinema ’ s所有格 of 所有格 双重所有格 to 所有格 名词 所有格 返回目录 阅读下列真题例句，感知语境，用方框内单词的适当形式填空。 tourist　foot　courage　April　spacewalk　of　animal 1.2026·绥化 ________ 20 is the United Nations Chinese Language Day (联合国中文日). 2.2026·贵州 When taikonauts (中国航天员) take a(n) ___________， it’s amazing for them to view the Earth. 语境感知语法 April spacewalk 返回目录 tourist　foot　courage　April　spacewalk　of　animal 3.2026·泰安 Young teenagers should be taught to face the challenges and difficulties with great _________. 4.2026·云南改编 In Nakeli ancient town， the tea shop owners warmly invite __________ to taste Pu’er tea. courage tourists 返回目录 tourist　foot　courage　April　spacewalk　of　animal 5.2026·苏州 Adjustable(可调节的) chairs are designed to help students sit straight with their ______ flat on the floor and their knees at a 90-degree angle (角). 6.2026·河北 Scientists have studied ___________ feelings for hundreds of years. 7.2026·齐齐哈尔 At that time， the side ____ the Moon facing Earth is dark. feet animals’ of 返回目录 语法感知 1.名词可以分为普通名词和__________(如Nakeli)； 2.普通名词可以分为__________(如spacewalk)和________________ (如courage)； 3.可数名词复数可以分为__________(如tourist)和____________(如foot)； 4.名词的所有格主要表示______关系，常见形式有’s所有格、__________(如物的所有格)和双重所有格。 专有名词 可数名词 不可数名词 规则变化 不规则变化 所属 of所有格 返回目录 考点一　可数名词5年5考 一、可数名词变复数的规则变化 归纳考查方向 规则 例词 一般情况下，直接在名词词尾加-s year→years(2026·63， 2025·61， 2023·62)， movie→movies(2024·64)， interest→interests 以s， x， sh， ch结尾的单词，在词尾加-es 如果词尾的ch发音为/k/，要加-s： stomach →stomachs class→classes， box→boxes， wish→wishes， watch→watches 返回目录 规则 例词 辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i，再加-es； 元音字母＋y结尾的单词，加-s ability→ abilities(2026·41)， story→ stories， day→ days， way→ ways(2022·56) 以f， fe结尾的单词，变f/fe为v，再加-es leaf→ leaves， shelf→ shelves， knife→ knives， life→ lives 以o结尾的单词 有生命，加-es hero→ heroes， tomato→ tomatoes， potato→ potatoes 无生命，加-s radio→ radios， photo→ photos， piano→ pianos 返回目录 1.常用复数形式的名词： chopsticks (筷子)， scissors (剪刀)， trousers， glasses (眼镜)， shorts， clothes。这些词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但被a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2.集体名词： (1)形式为单数，意义可以为单数或复数的集体名词： family， team， public， class， crowd， couple。 My family is a happy family.我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are dancing to the music.我的家人正跟着音乐跳舞。 family表示“多个家庭”时，复数为families；表示“家人”时，本身就有复数含义 (2)形式为单数，但意义为复数的集体名词： people， police。 The police are running to catch the thief.警察正在跑去抓小偷。 返回目录 二、可数名词变复数的不规则变化 规则 例词 单复同形 sheep→sheep， deer→deer， fish→fish 1.fish指“鱼肉”时，不可数；2.fish强调鱼的 “条数”时，是可数名词，单复同形； 3.fish强调鱼的“种类”时，复数是fishes。 表示“某国人”，中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面 Chinese→Chinese， Japanese→Japanese， Englishman→Englishmen， Frenchman→Frenchmen， American→Americans， German→Germans 返回目录 规则 例词 特殊变化 man→men， woman→women， man和woman作定语时，其单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致：man teacher→men teachers， woman doctor→women doctors policeman→policemen， foot→feet， tooth→teeth， child→children， mouse→mice 返回目录 考点二　不可数名词5年2考 一、常见的不可数名词 类别 例词 物质名词 液体 water， milk， tea， coffee， soup， juice 气体 air 食物 bread， rice， meat， sugar 自然物质 sunshine， sand， wood， soil 其他 money， rubbish 返回目录 类别 例词 抽象名词 情感 fear (2025·44， 2024·47)， anger (2024·47)， shame (2024·47)， happiness， surprise (2024·47) 学科 geography， science， physics， math 其他 advice， information， news， weather， music， work， time， housework， homework， knowledge， pollution 返回目录 二、不可数名词量的表达 类别 用法 示例 具体的量 数词/冠词＋表示量的名词＋of＋不可数名词 不可数名词用量词表达时，谓语动词的数由量词的单复数决定 a piece of advice 一条建议 two bottles of water 两瓶水 大概的量 much/little/a little/some/any/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of＋不可数名词 some bread一些面包 the rest of the homework剩余的作业 返回目录 三、可数与不可数两用的名词 　　有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同： 名词 可数名词词义 不可数名词词义 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 orange 橙子 橙汁 paper 报纸；文件；试卷 纸 room 房间 空间 time 次数；倍数；时代 时间 wood 树林 木材 work 作品 工作 experience 经历 经验 exercise 习题，练习；体操 锻炼；运动 返回目录 考点三　专有名词 　　专有名词的首字母要大写，但其中的虚词，如定冠词the、介词of的首字母一般不需要大写，如the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国。 类别 示例 人名 Yuan Longping， Mr. Green　有时专有名词可以转化为普通名词：A Mr. Green called you just now. 刚才有位Green先生给你打电话。 地名/江河 Beijing， New York， Asia， the Yellow River 国家 China， France， the UK 返回目录 类别 示例 机构 the United Nations (联合国)， the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 院校 the University of Oxford (牛津大学) 月份 January， May， December 星期 Monday， Wednesday， Saturday 节日 New Year’s Day， the Mid-Autumn Festival 返回目录 考点四　名词所有格 类别 用法 示例 ’s所有格 一般在词尾加’s；以-s结尾的复数名词只加’；以-s结尾的单数名词(含人名)可加’s，也可只加’ the boy’s book 男孩的书 Children’s Day 儿童节 Teachers’ Day 教师节 表示共同所有，在最后一个人后加’s；表示分别所有，在每个人后加’s Jim and Tom’s room (共同所有) Jim’s and Tom’s rooms (各自所有) 返回目录 类别 用法 示例 ’s所 有格 表示某人的“店铺”“家” “诊所”“办公室”等时，一般省略被修饰的表示地点的 名词 at the doctor’s 在诊所 go to my uncle’s 去我叔叔家 at Charles’s 在Charles家 表示时间、距离、价格等，可在词尾加’s或’ two weeks’ holiday 两周的假期 half an hour’s ride 半小时的车程 of所 有格 名词＋of＋名词 a leg of a table 一条桌子腿 the life of the poor 穷人的生活 返回目录 类别 用法 示例 双重所有格 of＋’s所有格/名词性物主代词 a photo of my brother’s 我哥哥的一张照片 some new friends of mine 我的一些新朋友 to所 有格 当key， answer， way， bridge， entrance， exit 等表示所属时，要用to表示所属关系 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question 问题的答案 the bridge to the knowledge 知识的桥梁 the way to the cinema 去电影院的路 返回目录 微专题一　名词考法和解题技巧 名词在语篇填空中的考查 考向1　可数名词单数2026·59，2025·57，2024·58，2023·63，2022·64 中考题型聚焦 高频考法 例句 a/an/one/another＋可数名词单数 (2026·59) Another 1._________ (example) is solar energy. (2025·57) Wu lost his parents when he was a young 2._______ (child) and he lived a very poor life. example child 返回目录 高频考法 例句 a/an/one/another＋可数名词单数 (2024·58) One day he fell asleep on a 3.______ (rock) after he got 100 copper coins. (2023·63) Then again， I’d also love to be a racing 4.________ (driver). every/each＋可数名词 单数 (2022·64) After all， not all the teachers have the time to make each 5._______ (child) wash his hands properly. rock driver child 返回目录 考向2　可数名词复数2026·63，2025·61，2024·64，2023·62，2022·56 高频考法 例句 空前有明确的大于“1”的数字限定时，填可数名词复数 (2025·61) After three 6._______ (year) of learning， he created the so-called shuti of landscape painting. 空前有few/a few/some/many/lots of/a lot of/several/both/all/other/a pair of/all kinds of等词修饰时，填可数名词复数 (2026·63) Water power is friendly to nature and dams (大坝) can serve people for many 7._______ (year). years years 返回目录 高频考法 例句 空前有few/a few/some/many /lots of/a lot of/several/both/all /other/a pair of/all kinds of等词修饰时，填可数名词复数 (2024·64) Many of the stories about Bao were made into some8.________ (movie)， novels， operas and so on. (2023·62) My teacher thinks Chinese medicine will be greatly developed over the next few 9._______ (year). 在固定用法中，如空前出现one of the＋形容词最高级时，填可数名词复数 (2022·56) One of the easiest 10.______ (way) to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. movies years ways 返回目录 考向3　名词所有格 　　此考法在河南中考中考查较少，分析全国中考考情，可能有以下考法： 高频考法 例句 当两个名词连续出现，且后一个名词是前一个名词的所属物时，填名词所有格 Today is my 11.____________ (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 考向4　词性转换 　　具体规则见P54专题八构词法。 brother’s 返回目录 基础单句训练 方框选词 safe　exercise　fisherman　deer　work　energy　dictionary　sad 1.New ______________ include colorful pictures that can make word learning more fun. 2.The news warned local ___________ not to enter that dangerous area. 3.Dragons are not real animals but look like a combination (结合体) of many animals such as fish， ______ and snakes. 分层训练提升 dictionaries fishermen deer 返回目录 safe　exercise　fisherman　deer　work　energy　dictionary　sad 4.2026·广安 I’m always full of ________ after jogging every morning. 5.Can you think of any ________ tips to protect yourselves from danger？ 6.She tried to hide her _________， but her face told everything. 7.I do ___________ after class and ask teachers for help when I’m stuck. 8.It takes a great deal of ______ to take good care of the elderly. energy safety sadness exercises work 返回目录 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 A Book Sale： Buy the Book， Build the Hope Purpose： To raise money for 9.__________ (child). Place： The second 10._______ (floor) of the library. Time： From 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. this Saturday. Tip (提示)： Bring money and some small 11._______ (box) to hold your books. Volunteers needed： Carry books and guide students to different 12._______ (area). children floor boxes areas 返回目录 将左栏短文中含有的专有名词分类填写在右栏中 　　Last April， Ms. Smith， an English teacher， took her students from Nanjing No. 3 Middle School to visit the public library in London， the capital of the UK. When they came back， she shared a wonderful article from The Times with her students， telling them that reading widely can open up a whole new world to young people. 13.人名：________________ 14.地名：________________ 15.国家：________________ 16.学校：________________ _________________________ 17.报刊：________________ 18.月份：________________ Ms. Smith London the UK Nanjing No. 3 Middle School The Times April 返回目录 根据括号内的提示完成句子 19.2026·凉山州—How far is it from Chengdu to Xichang？ —It’s about ________________ (三小时的车程) by high-speed train. 20.They all think my eyes look bigger than my ____________ (brother). 21._____________________ (Eric and Helen) father works in the police station. 22.I left my coat at the ___________ (doctor) after my check-up yesterday. 23.___________________ (我的一个朋友) will come to visit my family this weekend. 3 hours’ ride brother’s Eric and Helen’s doctor’s A friend of mine 返回目录 语篇运用专练 一、完形填空 主题：人与自我——诚实守信　　　　　　情境：诚实者得王位 　　A long time ago， there was an old king who had no children of his own. The king was worried that his 1 would fall into the wrong hands after his death， so he decided to pick a child in his land to take the high 2 . One day， he called all the children to his castle (城堡) and gave each of them a seed (种子). “Come back on New Year’s Day and show me what you have grown，” he said to them， “ 3 I will choose a person to be the next king.” (　　)1.A.family　　 B.land　　 C.law　　 D.dream (　　)2.A.road　　 B.ground　 C.tower　 D.seat (　　)3.A.or　　　 B.but　　　 C.and　　 D.so B D C 返回目录 Every child brought their seeds home 4 . One of the children， Wong， planted his seed in a pot. He watered it every day and made sure there was 5 to help it grow. Months passed but nothing 6 from it. He felt a little disappointed. (　　)4.A.carefully　 B.easily　 C.suddenly　 D.quietly (　　)5.A.wind　　 B.sunshine C.rain　　 D.food (　　)6.A.spread　 B.grew　　 C.survived　 D.came A B B 返回目录 Then， Sung， the 7 of the richest family in the land， told people that a small plant was growing from his seed. He was the 8 one to bring his pot to the king. Everyone excitedly said that 9 would be king. Soon， one after another， more and more children were also saying that they had something in their pots. But Wong still didn’t 10 anything in his. (　　)7.A.child　　 B.cook　　　 C.guard　 D.neighbour (　　)8.A.first　 B.second　 C.third　 D.fourth (　　)9.A.they　　 B.you　　　 C.it　　　 D.he (　　)10.A.find　 B.plant　　 C.water　 D.burn A A D A 返回目录 On the big day， when Wong brought his pot to the castle， he saw all the other children carrying 11 plants. Some had flowers in the shape of a bird， and some had grasses of different colors. Everyone proudly showed their plants to the king， but the king looked 12 until he saw Wong’s pot. (　　)11.A.common　　 B.healthy　 C.interesting　　 D.tall (　　)12.A.impolite　　 B.unlucky　　　 C.inactive　　　　 D.unhappy C D 返回目录 “I boiled the seeds before I 13 ， so no plants could grow from them，” the king said and looked seriously at the children. “There is only one child who is 14 enough to be king.” (　　)13.A.gave them out　　 B.cleaned them up　　 C.put them away　　　 D.cut them down (　　)14.A.honest　　 B.wise　　　 C.popular　　　 D.strong A A 返回目录 Ten years later， the king died. On his deathbed， he was not 15 because he knew Wong would be a good king. (　　)15.A.pleased　　 B.lonely　　 C.worried　　　 D.calm C 返回目录 二、语篇填空 主题：人与自然——热爱与敬畏自然　　　情境：野兔的生存之道 farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　 catch　tooth　direction　same　dig 　　Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur (毛皮)， long ears and soft bodies. But the rabbits in the wild are not the 1.______ as those at home. The information below may help you know more about 2.______. same them 返回目录 farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　 catch　tooth　direction　same　dig What do wild rabbits eat？ You may think they like carrots best. However， they would rather 3.________ green plants， such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes they also eat crops (庄稼)， so 4._________ may not welcome them. Where do wild rabbits live？ Most of them live in the fields， forests or grasslands. They are good at 5._________ holes. They dig underground holes which can protect them from enemies and bad 6._________. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the young. choose farmers digging weather 返回目录 farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　 catch　tooth　direction　same　dig How do wild rabbits keep safe？ They have many 7._________， such as foxes and snakes. To survive， they use clever tricks (把戏). For example， when other animals hunt them， they will run away in a special way. As a result， they won’t be 8.________ easily. Also， their special eyes help them to notice danger from almost every 9.___________. Though they are not very strong， their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature. enemies caught direction 返回目录 farmer　enemy　they　weather　choose　 catch　tooth　direction　same　dig There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. They can jump higher than cats， but lower than kangaroos (袋鼠). Their front 10._______ never stop growing， so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing？ teeth 返回目录 $