13 GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（II）（专项训练）（上海专用）2027年春季高考英语

13 GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（II） 目 录 第一套 ·基础演练 第二套· 重难演练 第三套· 模拟演练 01·基础演练 A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Reading the Story. It’s the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful — being asked to read the same book for many many times. But 1 the constant repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for children to learn new words, according to research. The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope 2 they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar will achieve far more. Dr. Jessica Horst of the University of Sussex’s WORD Lab devised an experiment 3 (check) how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and recall six new words. The children 4 (visit) three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three different stories. All had the same number of new words 5 appeared the same amount of times. When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had typically learned 3.6 of the new words, while those 6 (expose) to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6. They also noted the “repetition” group learned at a faster rate than those in the “variety” group. Dr. Horst said, “We are showing that less is more, to a point. And, obviously, the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help him or her. But you 7 (not need) to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. 8 (read) the same books over and over again helps.” Speaking of the previous studies, we have found one in three parents don’t read to their children 9 putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one reading periods can improve reading age 10 nearly two years in less than five months. 【答案】 1．while/although/though 2．that 3．to check 4．were visited 5．which/that 6．exposed 7．don’t need 8．Reading 9．before 10．by 【导语】文章主要介绍研究发现，反复读同一本绘本比读多样书籍更利于幼儿学习新词。 【详解】1．考查让步状语从句。句意：但是尽管不断重复对爸爸妈妈来说可能很枯燥，研究表明，这是孩子学习新单词最好的方式。前后句意存在转折让步关系，本空引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，用while/although/though。 2．考查同位语从句。句意：该研究结果表明，父母花大价钱买一大堆藏书，希望这些书能激发孩子的兴趣，其实是在浪费钱。本空引导同位语从句，解释说明hope的内容，从句句意完整、不缺成分，用that引导该从句。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：萨塞克斯大学词汇实验室的杰西卡・霍斯特博士设计了一项实验，来测试三岁孩子识别和回忆六个新单词的速度。本空作目的状语，表示实验的目的，用不定式to check。 4．考查动词语态。句意：这些孩子在一周内被探访了三次。主语the children和visit之间是被动关系，描述过去实验的情况，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，谓语用were visited。 5．考查定语从句。句意：所有故事有着数量相同的生词，并且生词出现次数一样。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词new words，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that或which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究者一周后回访，反复听同一个故事的孩子平均学会3.6个新词，而接触不同故事的孩子只记住2.6个。those指代前文提到的听不同故事的孩子们，和expose之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 7．考查动词时态。句意：但是你没必要疯狂买下每一本托马斯小火车的书。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为you，否定形式用don’t need。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：反复阅读相同的书籍是有帮助的。本空在句中作主语，表示泛指的动作，用动名词reading，句首单词首字母大写。 9．考查介词。句意：说到之前的研究，我们发现三分之一的家长在哄孩子睡觉前不给孩子读书。本空表示“在……之前”，用介词before。 10．考查介词。句意：然而，不到五个月里，三十分钟一对一阅读，可以让阅读年龄提升将近两岁。固定搭配“improve...by+幅度”，表示提升了多少。 B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．campaigns B．ensure C． concern D．beneficial E. sustainedF. transformational G. gap H. players I. conservation J. reveal K. founded Voluntourism first emerged at scale in the 1990s. Since then, the industry has grown rapidly and now offers a wide variety of options. Volunteers can find themselves building houses in Honduras, teaching children in Morocco, or protecting endangered brown bears in central Italy. The sector is 11 by organizations that connect communities in need with volunteers. Some are charities or non-profits, while others are traditional businesses meeting and capitalizing on a healthy demand. Done diligently and ethically (符合道德地), voluntourism can have a(n) 12 impact on both recipients and volunteers, says Alex Tarrant, co-founder of Pod Volunteer. The organization, 13 in the early 2000s, focuses on animal welfare. Its volunteers may care for rescued dogs in Thailand and protect elephants in Namibia. Global Vision International is one of the bigger 14 in the market. Over the past 25 years, it has placed around 35,000 volunteers in more than 100 locations around the world. Its long-running cooperation with the Seychelles government has involved 1,000 participants in ocean 15 initiatives. Not all interactions, however, are as mutually 16 . When making money and doing good come together, it is not surprising that ethical issues can arise. If a company lacks ethics, the profit margins (利润空间) in voluntourism can be “very, very high,” says Xavier Font, an expert in sustainability marketing. This is partly because costs are low while participants are often willing to pay more for their trips. There can also be an unfair power 17 between voluntourism operators and the often desperate projects they partner with. Since companies do not have to 18 their costs, they can easily hide profits and take advantage of the situation. Another 19 is that willing but poorly prepared volunteers often repeat work that previous volunteers have already done. A worker at a voluntourism organization reportedly overheard a teacher say: “If one more volunteer comes in and teaches the children to sing ‘head, shoulders, knees, and toes,’ I’m going to scream.” Despite these problems, voluntourism is largely a force for good, concludes Sallie Grayson, co-founder of the non-profit People and Places. “The vast majority of volunteers want to do good, and it’s up to us to 20 that they can,” she said. “Well-matched, well-placed volunteers can make a real difference, I’m still convinced of that.” 【答案】 11．E 12．F 13．K 14．H 15．I 16．D 17．G 18．J 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍公益旅行的发展现状、积极作用，同时剖析它存在的各类伦理问题并给出相关看法。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：这一行业依靠一些机构来维持运转，这些机构为有需要的社区对接志愿者。根据“by organizations that connect communities in need with volunteers”以及句意“维持运转”可知应填动词sustain，与主语构成被动关系，结合is可知为一般现在时的被动语态，用过去分词sustained。 12．考查形容词。句意：Pod Volunteer联合创始人亚历克斯·塔兰特表示，如果公益旅行开展得认真尽责、合乎道德，它能够给受助者和志愿者双方带来颠覆性的影响。根据“Done diligently and ethically”以及句意“颠覆性的”可知应填形容词transformational，修饰名词impact。 13．考查动词。句意：该组织成立于21世纪初，专注于动物福利。根据“in the early 2000s”以及句意“创立”可知应填动词found，与organization构成被动关系，故用过去分词founded作定语。 14．考查名词。句意：国际全球愿景组织是市场上规模较大的经营方之一。根据“in the market”以及句意“参与者、经营方”可知应填名词player，此处为“one of+最高级+复数名词”。 15．考查名词。句意：它与塞舌尔政府长期合作，已有1000名参与者参与海洋保护项目。根据“ocean”以及句意“保护”可知应填名词conservation，作宾语。 16．考查形容词。句意：然而，并非所有合作都是互惠互利的。根据“mutually”以及句意“有益的”可知应填形容词beneficial，作表语。 17．考查名词。句意：志愿者旅游运营商与他们合作的那些常常陷入困境的项目之间，也可能存在不公平的权力差距。根据“unfair power”，“between voluntourism operators and the often desperate projects they partner with”以及句意“差距”可知应填名词gap，作主语。 18．考查动词。句意：由于公司不必公开成本，它们很容易隐瞒利润并利用这种情况牟利。根据“they can easily hide profits”以及句意“公开、披露”可知应填动词reveal，且上文为短语have to do sth.。 19．考查名词。句意：另一个担忧是，满怀热忱却准备不足的志愿者，往往会重复之前志愿者已经做完的工作。上文提到公司不公开成本容易导致隐瞒利润并利用这种情况牟利的弊端，此处指另一种担忧，应填名词concern，作主语。 20．考查动词。句意：绝大多数志愿者都想做好事，而我们的责任就是确保他们能够做到。根据下文“Well-matched, well-placed volunteers can make a real difference”以及句意“确保”可知应填动词ensure，此处为句型it’s up to sb. to do sth.。 C Basic research, driven by curiosity, freedom and imagination, provides the groundwork for all applied research and technology. And just as we have to break the endless cycle of Band-Aid fixes to roads and rails, long-term investments in 21 are vital. Curiosity-driven basic research has brought truly 22 transformations, such as the rapid growth of computer-based intelligence and the discovery of the genetic basis of life. It also 23 new tools and techniques that spread throughout society, such as the World Wide Web, originally developed for physicists to cultivate scientific cooperation. It 24 the sharpest minds on the toughest challenges, and its products are widely used by industry and society. No one can exclusively capture its rewards — it is a truly 25 good. The path from basic research to applications is not one-directional and linear, but rather it is complex and 26 . The 27 technologies enable even more fundamental discoveries, such as quantum mechanics, which has led to computer chips and other inventions that are responsible for a significant part of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). To 28 the full potential of human intellect and imagination, we need to balance short-term expectations with long-term investment. Just as a financial expert would never 29 giving up a retirement fund to enrich an already sufficient checking account, we need to advocate for a balanced portfolio (投资组合) of short- and long-term research initiatives. 30 , driven by decreasing funding, against a background of economic uncertainty, and ever shortening time cycles, research is becoming 31 directed toward short-term goals that may address current problems but miss out on huge advances in the long term. It is human to 32 necessities in times of stress. But investing in basic research, just like saving for retirement, is a prerequisite (先决条件) for 33 welfare, innovation and societal progress. Long-term investments in basic research are crucial and lead to an even higher goal: the global 34 of accepting the scientific culture of accuracy, truth seeking, critical questioning and dialogue, healthy skepticism, 35 for facts and uncertainties, and wonder at the richness of nature and the human spirit. 21．A．construction B．imagination C．knowledge D．freedom 22．A．revolutionary B．synthetic C．biological D．social 23．A．depends on B．consists of C．conflicts with D．leads to 24．A．trains B．questions C．congratulates D．enlightens 25．A．lasting B．temporary C．public D．personal 26．A．careful B．pointless C．direct D．cyclic 27．A．resulting B．surprising C．remaining D．disappointing 28．A．add to B．take up C．set about D．tap into 29．A．postpone B．recommend C．escape D．confess 30．A．Besides B．Namely C．Therefore D．However 31．A．necessarily B．dangerously C．successfully D．mutually 32．A．talk about B．focus on C．point at D．carry out 33．A．ensuring B．considering C．cutting D．reforming 34．A．issues B．benefits C．crisis D．economy 35．A．respect B．fitness C．requirement D．context 【答案】 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．D 31．B 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文论述了好奇心驱动的基础研究的重大价值，并讲述了受经费等现实因素影响，如今研究危险地偏向短期目标，呼吁兼顾短期需求与对基础研究的长期投入，以此保障社会福祉并收获科学文化带来的全球益处。 【详解】21．考查名词。句意：正如我们必须打破道路和铁路权宜修补的恶性循环一样，对知识的长期投入至关重要。A. construction建造；B. imagination想象力；C. knowledge知识；D. freedom自由。根据上文“Basic research, driven by curiosity, freedom and imagination, provides the groundwork for all applied research and technology.”可知，基础研究为所有应用研究和技术提供基础，它产出知识，因此需要对知识进行长期投入。 22．考查形容词。句意：由好奇心驱动的基础研究带来了真正革命性的变革，例如基于计算机的智能飞速发展以及生命遗传基础的发现。A. revolutionary革命性的；B. synthetic合成的；C. biological生物的；D. social社会的。根据下文“such as the rapid growth of computer-based intelligence and the discovery of the genetic basis of life”可知，基于计算机的智能飞速发展、生命遗传基础的发现，举例均属于颠覆性重大改变。 23．考查动词短语。句意：它还催生在全社会普及的全新工具与技术，例如万维网，最初是为物理学家促进科研合作而开发。A. depends on依靠；B. consists of由……组成；C. conflicts with与……冲突；D. leads to导致，催生。根据下文“new tools and techniques that spread throughout society, such as the World Wide Web”可知，万维网是基础研究带来的产物，即基础研究催生新技术。 24．考查动词。句意：它培养顶尖人才去攻克最棘手的难题，它的成果被工业界与社会广泛使用。A. trains培养，训练；B. questions质疑；C. congratulates祝贺；D. enlightens启发。根据本句宾语“the sharpest minds”可知，基础研究可以训练、培养科研领域优秀人才。 25．考查形容词。句意：没有人能够独占它的回报——它是真正的公共产品。A. lasting持久的；B. temporary暂时的；C. public公共的；D. personal个人的。根据上文“No one can exclusively capture its rewards”可知，成果不为个体独有，属于公共产物。 26．考查形容词。句意：从基础研究到应用的路径不是单向、线性的，而是复杂且循环的。A. careful仔细的；B. pointless无意义的；C. direct直接的；D. cyclic循环的。根据but前的“The path from basic research to applications is not one-directional and linear”可知，空格填入与“单向、线性”相反含义的词，即循环往复。 27．考查形容词。句意：由此产生的技术能够促成甚至更多根本性发现，例如量子力学，它衍生出计算机芯片以及其他对美国GDP贡献巨大的发明。A. resulting由此产生的，作为结果的；B. surprising令人惊讶的；C. remaining剩余的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据第一段中“Basic research, driven by curiosity, freedom and imagination, provides the groundwork for all applied research and technology.”可知，基础研究产出技术，这些由此而生的技术又带来新的科学发现。 28．考查动词短语。句意：为了发掘人类智力与想象力的全部潜能，我们需要平衡短期预期与长期投入。A. add to增添；B. take up占据，从事；C. set about着手；D. tap into发掘。根据后文“the full potential of human intellect and imagination”可知，此处表示发掘潜能。 29．考查动词。句意：就像金融专家绝不会建议放弃养老基金去充实本就充足的支票账户，我们要倡导兼顾短期和长期研究计划的平衡投资组合。A. postpone推迟；B. recommend建议；C. escape逃避；D. confess坦白。根据上文“Just as a financial expert would never”和下文错误做法“giving up a retirement fund to enrich an already sufficient checking account”可知，专家不会提出此种错误建议。 30．考查副词。句意：然而，受资金缩减、经济形势不确定、研究周期不断缩短的驱动，研究正危险地朝着短期目标倾斜：这类目标或许能解决当下的问题，却会错失长期维度下的巨大进步。A. Besides此外；B. Namely也就是；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。上文“we need to advocate for a balanced portfolio (投资组合) of short-and long-term research initiatives”提出要倡导长短研究平衡的投资组合，下文“research is becoming _____ directed toward short-term goals that may address current problems but miss out on huge advances in the long term.”描述现实中失衡的状况，上下文构成转折关系。 31．考查副词。句意：然而，受资金缩减、经济形势不确定、研究周期不断缩短的驱动，研究正危险地朝着短期目标倾斜：这类目标或许能解决当下的问题，却会错失长期维度下的巨大进步。A. necessarily必要地；B. dangerously危险地；C. successfully成功地；D. mutually相互地。根据下文“that may address current problems but miss out on huge advances in the long term”可知，该发展趋势存在隐患，是危险的。 32．考查动词短语。句意：身处压力时期，人类会聚焦于必需品。A. talk about谈论；B. focus on聚焦于；C. point at指向；D. carry out执行。根据下文“necessities in times of stress”，在压力困境之下，人们会优先把注意力放在刚需事物上。 33．考查动词。句意：但是对基础研究的投入，如同为退休储蓄，是保障社会福祉、创新与社会进步的先决条件。A. ensuring保障；B. considering考虑；C. cutting削减；D. reforming改革。根据后文“welfare, innovation and societal progress”可知，投入基础研究的作用是保障社会福祉、创新与社会进步这些社会发展要素。 34．考查名词。句意：对基础研究的长期投入至关重要，还能达成更高目标：让全球都受益于接纳科学文化——这种文化崇尚精准、求真、批判性质疑与对话、合理的怀疑精神、尊重事实与不确定性、惊叹于自然与人类精神的丰富。A. issues问题；B. benefits益处；C. crisis危机；D. economy经济。根据后文“accepting the scientific culture of accuracy, truth seeking, critical questioning and dialogue, healthy skepticism, _____ for facts and uncertainties, and wonder at the richness of nature and the human spirit”可知，接纳拥有诸多特质的科学文化会给全球带来诸多好处。 35．考查名词。句意：对基础研究的长期投入至关重要，还能达成更高目标：让全球都受益于接纳科学文化——这种文化崇尚精准、求真、批判性质疑与对话、合理的怀疑精神、尊重事实与不确定性、惊叹于自然与人类精神的丰富。A. respect尊重；B. fitness健康；C. requirement要求；D. context语境。根据空后“for facts and uncertainties”可知，此处指对待事实和不确定性应抱持尊重的态度。 02·重难演练 A Life is a continuous journey of learning. From the moment we are born, we begin the process of discovering the world 1 us. As we grow, our thirst for knowledge and understanding only increases, 2 (lead) us to pursue different forms of education and experiences 3 help us expand our horizons and grow as individuals. In the early years of our lives, we engage in the process of learning through play and exploration. Through toys and games, we learn about cause and effect, social interactions, and how to get problems 4 (solve). As we progress into our formative years, we begin to hone in on more academic skills like reading, writing, and math. These foundational building blocks set us up for success in school and beyond. As we transition into adulthood, our focus shifts towards career-related fields and lifelong learning becomes increasingly important. In this stage of our lives, we begin to specialize in areas that align with our interests and talents, 5 it is technology, healthcare, education, or another profession. We also begin to embrace the idea 6 learning is a never-ending process and a lifelong journey. Lifelong learning not only benefits our professional development but also our personal growth. It helps us 7 (maintain) a youthful mindset, stay connected to the world, and continues to push us to grow as individuals. We can embrace this concept by seeking out new hobbies or 8 (continue) education courses that introduce us to new concepts and ideas. Learning is a critical component of human growth and development. It allows us to broaden our horizons, gain new skills, and pursue our passions. Lifelong learning is not just a phase 9 a mindset that we should embrace throughout our lives. As we continue to journey through life, let us never stop exploring and learning 10 new. 【答案】 1．around 2．leading 3．that/which 4．solved 5．whether 6．that 7．maintain/to maintain 8．continuing 9．but 10．something 【导语】文章主要介绍了人生是持续的学习之旅，从幼年通过玩乐探索，到成长后钻研学术、成年后专注职业相关领域，终身学习既助力职业发展也促进个人成长，我们应秉持其心态不断探索新知。 【详解】1．考查介词。句意：从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就开始探索我们周围世界的过程。此处需要介词搭配us，构成后置定语修饰the world，around表示“在……周围”，符合语境。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着我们成长，我们对知识和理解的渴望只会不断增长，引导我们去追求不同形式的教育和体验，这些能帮助我们拓展视野，实现个人成长。句子谓语为increases，设空处为非谓语，逻辑主语是前面整件事，和lead之间是主动关系，需用现在分词形式leading作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。 3．考查定语从句。句意：随着我们成长，我们对知识和理解的渴望只会不断增长，引导我们去追求不同形式的教育和体验，这些能帮助我们拓展视野，实现个人成长。空处引导定语从句，先行词为education and experiences，指物，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过玩具和游戏，我们了解因果关系、社交互动以及如何解决问题。此处为固定结构get sth. done，表示“让某事被完成”，problems和solve之间是被动关系，需用过去分词solved作宾语补足语。 5．考查连词。句意：在人生的这个阶段，我们开始专注于符合自身兴趣和天赋的领域，无论是科技、医疗、教育还是其他行业。此处为固定搭配whether...or...，表示“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语。 6．考查同位语从句。句意：我们也开始接受这个观点：学习是一个永无止境的过程，是一段终身的旅程。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词idea的具体内容，从句语义和结构完整，用that引导。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：它帮助我们保持年轻的心态，与世界保持联结，不断推动我们实现个人成长。此处为固定结构help sb. (to) do sth.，表示“帮助某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语，to可省略。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以通过培养新爱好或者参加继续教育课程来践行这一理念，这些课程会让我们接触到新的概念和想法。or连接并列的动名词结构，设空处和seeking并列作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式continuing。 9．考查连词。句意：终身学习不只是一个阶段，而是一种我们应该终身秉持的思维模式。此处为固定搭配not...but...，表示“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的表语成分。 10．考查不定代词。句意：当我们继续人生的旅程时，让我们永远不要停止探索和学习新事物。此处表示“某些新的事物”，形容词new作后置定语修饰不定代词something，符合语境。 B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Why Exercise Does Not Always Make Us Happier A．complicates  B．counts  C． drive  D．enjoyment  E. essential  F. imposed G. initial  H. instrumental  I. sustain  J. translate  K. outweighed People often assume that exercise is automatically good for mental health. Move more, the familiar advice goes, and you will feel better. Yet recent research has begun to qualify this apparently simple formula. The psychological 11 behind exercise may matter almost as much as the exercise itself. Researchers distinguish between motives that are 12 and motives in which the activity itself is rewarding. People who exercise for a result beyond the activity may run to lose weight, improve a medical condition or satisfy an expectation 13 by family, peers or society. In each case, the value of exercise lies mainly in the result it is supposed to produce. Although a goal-directed motive can get people moving, it rarely 14 as a positive experience in the long run. This difference becomes important when the 15 enthusiasm fades. A person who exercises only to meet an external standard may find it difficult to 16 the habit once progress slows. The activity begins to feel like a test that must be passed rather than a practice that can be valued in its own right. By comparison, internal motivation is more closely connected with 17 , a sense of competence and the feeling that one is acting by choice. The short-term discomfort of training can be 18 by these pleasant psychological experiences. They may also 19 into measurable improvements in mood and life satisfaction. Such benefits can extend to other areas of well-being, including better sleep, greater confidence and more satisfying social interactions. The point is not that every exercise session must be pleasant. Training can be tiring, repetitive and even uncomfortable. What matters is whether people retain a sense of agency while doing it. This finding also 20 the popular idea that exercise should be treated mainly as a tool for weight loss. When movement is valued only for its visible results, that narrow purpose may undermine a person’s relationship with physical activity. A more effective strategy is to adapt the routine to the individual’s interests, abilities and circumstances. Someone who dislikes crowded gyms may respond better to cycling, dancing or a regular walk with friends. 【答案】 11．C 12．H 13．F 14．B 15．G 16．I 17．D 18．K 19．J 20．A 【导语】文章主要讲述锻炼并不总能让人更快乐，锻炼背后的动机十分关键，外在动机容易难以坚持，内在动机更容易带来长久益处。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：锻炼背后的心理驱动力可能几乎和锻炼本身一样重要。根据第二段“Researchers distinguish between motives that are ____ and motives in which the activity itself is rewarding. ”区分不同锻炼动机可知，此处指心理上的驱动因素，名词drive“驱动力”符合题意，作主语。 12．考查形容词。句意：研究人员区分工具性动机和活动本身就能带来回报的动机。根据后文“exercise for a result beyond the activity”可知，为了活动之外的结果锻炼，属于工具性动机，形容词instrumental“工具性的”符合题意，作表语。 13．考查过去分词。句意：为达成活动之外目标而锻炼的人，可能跑步是为了减重、改善健康状况或是满足家人、同伴、社会强加给他们的期待。根据下文“by family, peers or society”可知，此处指被外界强加的期待，过去分词imposed“强加”符合题意，修饰expectation，并与其构成被动关系。 14．考查动词。句意：虽然目标导向型动机能够促使人们开始运动，但从长远来看，它很少算作一种积极的体验。根据下文“as a positive experience in the long run”可知，此处指人们对目标导向型动机的看法，count as“算作”符合题意，陈述客观事实，且主语it是第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式counts。 15．考查形容词。句意：当最初的热情消退时，这种差异就变得很重要。结合下文“enthusiasm fades”可知，此处指最初的热情，形容词initial“最初的”符合题意，修饰名词enthusiasm。 16．考查动词。句意：一个仅仅为达到外在标准而锻炼的人，一旦进展变慢，可能很难维持这个习惯。不定式to后接动词原形，结合下文“ once progress slows”可知，此处指进展缓慢就很难维持这个习惯，动词sustain“维持”符合题意。 17．考查名词。句意：相比之下，内在动机和愉悦感、胜任感以及自主选择的感受联系更加紧密。结合上文“internal motivation”和下文“a sense of competence and the feeling that one is acting by choice”可知，此处指内在动机和愉悦等感受联系更加紧密，名词enjoyment“愉悦，享受”符合题意，作介词with的宾语。 18．考查过去分词。句意：训练短暂的不适感可以被这些愉悦的心理体验所盖过。结合下文“these pleasant psychological experiences”可知，此处指不适感被愉悦的心理体验所盖过，动词outweigh“超过”符合题意，与主语The short-term discomfort of training是被动关系，用过去分词outweighed和can be构成被动语态。 19．考查动词。句意：它们也可能转化为情绪和生活满意度上可衡量的提升。情态动词may后接动词原形，结合上文“ pleasant psychological experiences.”推测，这些愉悦的心理体验可以转化成满意度的提升，动词translate“转化”符合题意。 20．考查动词。句意：这项发现也让“锻炼应当主要被当作减重工具”这种流行观点变得复杂。空处作谓语，根据下文“When movement is valued only for its visible results, that narrow purpose may undermine a person’s relationship with physical activity.”阐述单一目标的弊端可知，指这一发现让之前的普遍观点变得更复杂，动词complicate“使复杂”符合题意，句子为一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式complicates。 C Short-form videos have become one of the dominant ways young people interact with social media. These are clips lasting seconds up to a few minutes, powered by personalized algorithms that are deeply immersive and precisely 21 to users’ interests, with endless autoplay and infinite scroll providing no stopping cues. These clips are standard in platforms like TikTok, and are designed to keep attention locked in. This design matters because it encourages repeated, often automatic 22 . Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them. Over time, this may shape how attention, mood, and motivation are 23 , especially in children and adolescents whose brains are still developing. As concern grows about the mental health impacts of social media, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to short-form video. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Nguyen and colleagues pulled together 70 studies to 24 how this type of content use is linked to mental health, cognition, and well-being. Rather than focusing on a(n) 25 study, meta-analyses pool results across many studies to better understand overall effects and who is at greatest risk. Across the studies included in the review, higher levels of short-form video use were 26 associated with poorer mental health outcomes, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Importantly, these associations were strongest when use was frequent, emotionally 27 or felt difficult to control. These 28 reflect how and why young people interact with these platforms, not simply how long they use them. Beyond mental health, this review also examined how short-form video use relates to cognitive functioning, including executive functioning abilities that are 29 for success in school and work. Across studies, a consistent pattern emerged, particularly in young people: heavier and more compulsive short-form video use was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes. The fast-paced, highly 30 , and repetitive nature of short-form video may 31 the ability to focus on slower, effortful tasks and place additional strain on developing cognitive systems. The results suggest that short-form video platforms 32 youth mental health and cognition during adolescence, a particularly 33 period in development. The results highlight the danger of these videos and highlight the need to 34 the platforms’ designs and algorithms to protect youth well-being and cognition, as well as undertake measures to limit use and 35 . Several countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, have imposed bans on social media for teens under 16 years of age, with other countries considering the same measures. 21．A．tuned B．tailored C．limited D．reflected 22．A．engagement B．maintenance C．display D．refreshment 23．A．carved B．extracted C．regulated D．influenced 24．A．examine B．convince C．represent D．explore 25．A．random B．existent C．original D．single 26．A．consistently B．unceasingly C．inevitably D．permanently 27．A．drained B．driven C．relieved D．controlled 28．A．illusions B．results C．features D．patterns 29．A．sensitive B．dedicated C．critical D．optional 30．A．challenging B．stimulating C．entertaining D．demanding 31．A．deprive B．help C．hinder D．delay 32．A．benefit B．restore C．threaten D．ignore 33．A．sensible B．primitive C．stable D．vulnerable 34．A．reform B．transform C．shift D．maintain 35．A．access B．barrier C．exhibit D．exposure 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．C 33．D 34．A 35．D 【导语】本文介绍短视频易令年轻人沉迷，相关荟萃分析表明过度刷短视频会损害青少年心理与认知；青春期大脑发育关键，需整改平台算法并出台管控政策，多国已限制青少年使用社交软件。 【详解】21．考查动词。句意：这些视频时长从几秒到几分钟不等，由深度沉浸式且精准契合用户兴趣的个性化算法驱动，配合无尽自动播放和无限滚动，不提供任何停止提示。A. tuned调谐；B. tailored量身适配；C. limited限制；D. reflected反映。根据前文“powered by personalized algorithms”可知，平台搭载个性化算法，会按照用户喜好推送内容，选项中的tailored可构成固定搭配be tailored to，表示“为……量身匹配”。 22．考查名词。句意：这种设计至关重要，因为它能促使用户反复、往往下意识地参与互动。A. engagement参与；B. maintenance维护；C. display展示；D. refreshment恢复。根据后文“Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them.”可知，平台自动推送内容，使用户下意识地参与互动。 23．考查动词。句意：久而久之，这或将改变个体调节注意力、情绪与动机的模式，大脑尚未发育成熟的儿童与青少年受影响最大。A. carved雕刻；B. extracted提取；C. regulated调节；D. influenced影响。根据前文“Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them.”以及“attention, mood, and motivation”可知，平台通过算法替代用户进行内容选择，这种持续的外部干预会改变用户自身对注意力、情绪和动机的调节方式。 24．考查动词。句意：Nguyen及其同事最近开展的一项系统综述和元分析汇集了70项研究，以检验此类内容的使用与心理健康、认知及幸福感之间的关联。A. examine检验；B. convince说服；C. represent代表；D. explore探索。根据后文“how this type of content use is linked to mental health, cognition, and well-being”可知，该研究的目的是系统检验短视频使用和身心状态的关联。 25．考查形容词。句意：元分析不局限于单一研究，而是整合多项研究结果，便于把握整体影响，识别高风险人群。A. random随机的；B. existent现存的；C. original原始的；D. single单一的。根据后文 “meta-analyses pool results across many studies”可知，元分析汇集大量研究数据，与“单一研究”形成对比。 26．考查副词。句意：该综述纳入的所有研究一致表明，短视频使用越频繁，心理健康状况越差，青少年和青年群体尤为明显。A. consistently一贯地；B. unceasingly不停地；C. inevitably不可避免地；D. permanently永久地。根据后文“Across studies, a consistent pattern emerged”可知，多项研究出现统一稳定的规律，consistently表示“一致地”，前后词汇呼应。 27．考查形容词。句意：重要的是，当使用频繁、受情绪驱动或感觉难以控制时，这些关联最为强烈。A. drained疲惫的；B. driven受驱动的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. controlled受控制的。根据前文“emotionally”和后文“or felt difficult to control”可知，此处列举几种不健康的刷视频状态，这些是被情绪驱使的行为。 28．考查名词。句意：这些模式反映年轻人使用平台的方式与动因，而非单纯使用时长。A. illusions幻觉；B. results结果；C. features特征；D. patterns模式。根据前文“when use was frequent, emotionally _______ or felt difficult to control”可知，前文列举了几种不同的短视频使用情形，对应的是各类使用模式。 29．考查形容词。句意：执行功能是学业、职场取得成功必不可少的能力。A. sensitive敏感的；B. dedicated专注的；C. critical至关重要的；D. optional可选的。根据后文“heavier and more compulsive short-form video use was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes”可知，短视频会损害认知能力，反向说明执行功能对学习和工作至关重要。 30．考查形容词。句意：短视频具备节奏快、刺激性强、内容循环重复的特点，可能降低个体处理慢速、高认知负荷任务的专注能力，同时对发育中的认知系统造成额外压力。A. challenging有挑战的；B. stimulating刺激的；C. entertaining娱乐的；D. demanding要求高的。根据后文“focus on slower, effortful tasks and place additional strain on developing cognitive systems”可知，短视频使人难以应对缓慢、耗费精力的任务，给认知系统带来负担，可推断短视频本身具备强冲击、高刺激的特点，与缓慢费力的任务形成鲜明对比，stimulating符合本句语境。 31．考查动词。句意：短视频具备节奏快、刺激性强、内容循环重复的特点，可能降低个体处理慢速、高认知负荷任务的专注能力，同时对发育中的认知系统造成额外压力。A. deprive剥夺；B. help帮助；C. hinder阻碍；D. delay延迟。根据后文“place additional strain on developing cognitive systems”可知，短视频会给发育中的认知系统增添负担，说明它会妨碍人们静下心完成深度思考类任务，hinder符合本句语境。 32．考查动词。句意：研究结果表明，短视频平台会威胁青春期青少年的心理健康与认知，而青春期是一个尤其脆弱的发展阶段。A. benefit有益于；B. restore恢复；C. threaten威胁；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“highlight the danger of these videos”可知，短视频存在危害，该平台会对青少年身心发展造成不利威胁。 33．考查形容词。句意：研究结果表明，短视频平台会威胁青春期青少年的心理健康与认知，而青春期是一个尤其脆弱的发展阶段。A. sensible明智的；B. primitive原始的；C. stable稳定的；D. vulnerable脆弱的。根据前文“whose brains are still developing”可知，青少年大脑尚未发育成熟，对外界负面影响抵御力弱，属于身心发展脆弱阶段。 34．考查动词。句意：研究结果揭示了这类短视频存在的危害，同时指出有必要改革平台的设计，以此保护青少年的心理健康与认知能力，并且出台相关举措，限制青少年使用以及接触这类短视频。A. reform改革；B. transform转变；C. shift转移；D. maintain维持。根据前文“The results highlight the danger of these videos”和后文“protect youth well-being”可推知，原文指出短视频存在危害，因此需要对平台设计与算法进行改革。 35．考查名词。句意：研究结果揭示了这类短视频存在的危害，同时指出有必要改革平台的设计，以此保护青少年的心理健康与认知能力，并且出台相关举措，限制青少年使用以及接触这类短视频。A. access进入；B. barrier障碍；C. exhibit展览；D. exposure接触。根据前文“The results suggest that short-form video platforms _________ youth mental health and cognition during adolescence(空里填threaten)”可知，短视频会损害青少年心理与认知，管控措施既要限制使用时长，也要减少青少年接触有害短视频的机会。 03·模拟演练 A The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about convincing people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. 1 you’re negotiating a business deal, advocating a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees 2 (possess) persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. 3 persuasion skills, employees may not be as committed to 4 makes an organization’s vision valuable, or convinced of its long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand the situations 5 conflicts arise and how to reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but equally important is the capacity 6 (ground) in logic and reasoning. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using visual aids to back up your ideas 7 (prove) effective in helping illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to sustain those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are 8 (likely) to disagree with you when they succeed alongside. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; no one likes to be told what to do or 9 (push) around. Therefore, organizations and leaders 10 adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. 【答案】 1．Whether 2．possessing 3．Without 4．what 5．where 6．grounded 7．proves 8．less likely 9．be pushed 10．should 【导语】本文主要介绍了说服的艺术及其在职场中的重要作用，并阐述了如何运用说服技巧达成目标、维系团队关系。 【详解】1．考查连词。句意：无论你是在谈判商业交易、倡导一项事业，还是仅仅试图表达你的观点，说服都起着至关重要的作用。此处为whether...or... 引导让步状语从句，表示“无论…… 还是……”。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：雇主非常重视拥有说服技巧的员工，因为这些技巧会影响工作表现的多个方面。employees与possess之间为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语修饰employees。 3．考查介词。句意：没有说服技巧，员工可能不会致力于使组织愿景有价值的东西，也不会相信其长期使命。此处表示 “没有”，用介词without引出条件，句首首字母大写。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：没有说服技巧，员工可能不会致力于使组织愿景有价值的东西，也不会相信其长期使命。commit to中to为介词，后接宾语从句；从句缺少主语，指物，用连接代词what。 5．考查定语从句。句意：为了在工作场所学习说服的艺术，你需要了解冲突出现的情况以及如何达成协议。先行词situations为抽象地点名词，在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：良好的沟通是有效说服的第一步，但同样重要的是基于逻辑和推理的能力。capacity与ground 之间为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。 7．考查动词时态与主谓一致。句意：使用视觉辅助来支持你的想法证明能更好地帮助阐明你的想法。动名词短语Using visual aids... 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；此处陈述一般性事实，用一般现在时，谓语用proves。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：当同事与你并肩取得成功时，他们不太可能反对你。结合前文“为他们的最大利益着想”以及后文the more...the more...的递进逻辑可知，此处表示“更不可能”，用less likely。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人喜欢被人指手画脚或随意摆布。push和逻辑主语no one为被动关系，结合like to do可知，此处用不定式的被动语态，为避免重复，空处省略不定式符号to。 10．考查情态动词。句意：因此，组织和领导者应该/必须采纳强大的说服技巧来带来必要的变革。空后跟动词原形，结合句意“应该”可知，空处填情态动词should。 B A．gains     B．excess     C． mounted     D．distinction     E. continual     F. correspondingly G. pooling     H. stretches     I. downsides     J. likening     K. respectively Prolonged sitting rightly has a bad reputation. A review in 2012 concluded that the most sedentary were more than twice as likely as the least to have diabetes, and also faced a much higher risk of premature death. Another, in 2015, found that sitting for long 11 was associated with “harmful health outcomes regardless of physical activity”. Three years after that, an analysis of news articles in a British journal found hundreds of pieces which referred to claims 12 sitting to smoking, though that is considered overblown. Hence the appeal of standing desks and, more recently, “active seats”: chairs and stools that tilt, wobble or rock to force 13 postural adjustments. Is either actually healthier? An analysis in 2018 found standing at a desk burned just nine more calories per hour than sitting. Nor are the cardiovascular (心血管的) 14 impressive. A review in 2020 mentioned nine trials involving 877 people. Participants stood about 1.3 hours more a day and were followed for roughly four months. Body fat and blood-sugar control improved slightly, but blood pressure, insulin, and cholesterol did not. Furthermore, standing is not without its 15 . Those who stood for more than two hours a day had a higher risk of varicose veins (静脉曲张), perhaps because of 16 of blood in the legs. What matters far more is movement. A study of nearly 482,000 adults in 2024 found that just 15-30 minutes of extra daily exercise could erase most of the 17 mortality (死亡) risk associated with sitting at work. Desk-bound workers may therefore wonder if active seating can make a difference. Some findings are encouraging. In a trial at Georgia Southern University, 20 adults performed reading and typing tasks on an ordinary chair, an exercise ball and a seat 18 on top of an inflatable bladder (充气囊). Energy expenditure on the ball was similar to normal sitting. But on the bladder, participants’ heart rates and calorie burn rose by 6-13% and 19-40% 19 . In the end, there does seem to be a lesson here: the real 20 is not between sitting and standing, but between remaining still and moving. 【答案】 11．H 12．J 13．E 14．A 15．I 16．G 17．B 18．C 19．K 20．D 【导语】本文介绍久坐对健康的危害，讨论站立桌、动态座椅是否真的有益于健康，对比站立带来的利弊，指出真正关键不在于坐与站的区别，而是保持静止还是活动。 【详解】11．考查名词。句意：2015年另一项研究发现，长时间久坐与“有害健康后果相关，无论是否进行体育锻炼”。结合下文“was associated with ‘harmful health outcomes regardless of physical activity’”可知，此处表示“（连续的）一段时间”，选用stretches。固定搭配long stretches表示长时间，此处用名词复数stretches作宾语。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：三年后，英国期刊对新闻文章的分析发现，数百篇文章提到把久坐比作吸烟的说法，尽管该说法被认为夸大其词。结合下文“sitting to smoking”可知，此处表示“把……比作”，选用likening。固定搭配liken A to B表示把A比作B，此处现在分词作后置定语，用likening。 13．考查形容词。句意：因此站立桌，以及近年 “动态座椅” 受到青睐：这类椅子凳子可倾斜、摇晃，迫使人们持续调整姿势。结合下文“postural adjustments”可知，此处表示“持续的”，选用continual。形容词continual修饰名词短语postural adjustments。 14．考查名词。句意：心血管方面的益处也并不突出。结合下文“Body fat and blood-sugar control improved slightly”可知，此处表示“益处，收获”，选用gains。名词gains作主语。 15．考查名词。句意：此外，站立并非没有弊端。结合下文“Those who stood for more than two hours a day had a higher risk of varicose veins”可知，此处表示“弊端、不利之处”，选用downsides。固定搭配be not without its downsides 表示并非没有弊端。 16．考查名词。句意：每天站立超过两小时的人患静脉曲张风险更高，或许是因为腿部血液淤积。结合上文“varicose veins”可知，此处表示“过量，堆积”，选用pooling。pooling of blood指“血液淤积”。 17．考查形容词化的过去分词。句意：2024年，一项针对近482000名成年人的研究发现，每天只需额外运动15-30分钟，就可以消除与坐着工作相关的大部分额外死亡风险。结合下文“mortality risk”可知，此处表示“上升的、增加的”，选用excess。excess mortality risk指“额外的死亡风险”。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：在佐治亚南方大学的一项试验中，20名成年人在一把普通椅子、一个健身球和一个安装在充气气囊顶部的座位上进行阅读和打字任务。结合下文“on top of an inflatable bladder”可知，此处表示“安装的”，选用mounted，mounted on top of an inflatable bladder表示“安装在充气囊上方的”，形容词化的过去分词作后置定语。 19．考查副词。句意：但在充气囊座椅上，受试者心率提升6%-13%，卡路里消耗分别上升19%-40%。结合上文两个并列数据可知，此处表示“分别”，选用respectively。副词respectively修饰整句。 20．考查名词。句意：归根结底，这里蕴含一个道理：真正的区别不在于坐和站，而在于静止不动和活动身体。结合下文“is not between sitting and standing, but between remaining still and moving”可知，此处表示“差别，区分”，选用distinction。名词distinction 作句子主语。 C Why Saying “Late Bloomer” Is Wrong Doree Shafrir considers herself to be a late bloomer. She got married at 38, had her first child at 41, and generally sees herself as having been late “to finding the kind of work I 21 like to do.” While the road has not always been smooth, the Los Angeles-based author, 44, now feels gratitude for her journey, along with a new outlook on the 22 that she once felt she was missing. “These goals are relatively arbitrary (武断的) and culturally prescribed,” Shafrir says. “I now see that the things I saw as ‘mistakes’ were just another part of my story.” Shafrir views her memoir, Thanks for Waiting: The Joy (& Weirdness) of Being a Late Bloomer, as a “gentle corrective to the idea that we’re supposed to do things on a schedule.” Yet it is a notion that is 23 . Many of us feel-consciously or otherwise-that our paths should 24 a rigid timeline of professional and personal milestones. We may judge ourselves negatively if we hit these milestones “late,” in part because of a societal tendency to 25 youthful achievement. Yet plenty of people find professional fulfillment, financial prosperity, or rewarding relationships within their own time frames. In fact, research shows that people today are increasingly likely to 26 major life events at a later age than previous generations. Given that we are living longer, switching 27 more often, and seeking more meaning in our work, it makes sense for more people to “bloom” later in life. And as they do, the stigma (污名) of succeeding at an older age-including the idea that it is more surprising than doing so young—has become an outdated view of age and achievement. The concept of late bloomers can also be toxic to those who do succeed later in life. Such people may 28 with feelings of failure, negative self-comparison to others, and even the sense that they have been forgotten. Removing the pressure to succeed within a given timeline is good for our mental health. It can also enable the people we currently label “late bloomers” to 29 the distinct successes that come with the achievements that are made later in life. Many of these strengths and skills are a direct result of spending more time on self-discovery, learning and even failure. “Late bloomers may have faced 30 challenges on their pathway to achievement, leading them then to develop more resilience (适应力),” says Chia-Jun Tsay, an associate professor at University College London. “Such people may be more 31 to adapt to difficult circumstances.” Beyond increased 32 , a longer road to success also brings opportunities to discover and cultivate meaningful values and passions that are personally resonant (引起共鸣的), rather than what society pushes us towards. Clearly, we are 33 for a shift in how we view achievements in terms of age. We simply can’t afford to maintain a bias that leads to 34 a whole band of the population’s untapped (未开发的) potential. Shafrir learned this lesson in her own time. However, she hopes that future generations will be 35 from the age-related achievement pressure she faced-particularly as a woman. 21．A．mainly B．broadly C．roughly D．truly 22．A．expectations B．rewards C．milestones D．possessions 23．A．cold-blooded B．deep-rooted C．far-sighted D．single-minded 24．A．fit into B．break into C．account for D．make for 25．A．admire B．doubt C．envy D．strike 26．A．encounter B．expect C．accomplish D．undertake 27．A．routines B．locations C．identities D．careers 28．A．interfere B．correspond C．cope D．struggle 29．A．obtain B．enjoy C．secure D．witness 30．A．additional B．emotional C．intentional D．optional 31．A．entitled B．tempted C．prepared D．qualified 32．A．accessibility B．flexibility C．productivity D．sensibility 33．A．grateful B．renowned C．due D．answerable 34．A．comprising B．overlooking C．realizing D．sacrificing 35．A．benefited B．drawn C．received D．spared 【答案】 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．D 29．B 30．A 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文主要介绍“大器晚成”这个说法并不恰当，人们不必按固定时间线完成人生节点，晚取得成就并非异常，我们应摒弃年龄偏见，解除相关的成功压力。 【详解】21．考查副词。句意：她38岁结婚，41岁生了第一个孩子，通常认为自己“在找到我真正喜欢的工作方面”迟了。A. mainly主要；B. broadly广泛地；C. roughly大约；D. truly真正地。根据上文“Doree Shafrir considers herself to be a late bloomer.”以及下文“While the road has not always been smooth, the Los Angeles-based author, 44, now feels gratitude for her journey,”可知，她走的是不同于常规的人生节奏，此处表示她寻找发自内心真正热爱的工作。 22．考查名词。句意：虽然这条路并不总是平坦的，但这位44岁的洛杉矶作家现在对自己的旅程感到感激，并对那些曾经觉得自己错过的人生重要节点有了新看法。A. expectations期待；B. rewards回报；C. milestones重要节点；D. possessions财物。根据上文“and generally sees herself as having been late “to finding the kind of work I ____ like to do.””以及第二段“Many of us feel-consciously or otherwise-that our paths should ____ a rigid timeline of professional and personal milestones.”可知，此处表示她觉得自己错过的人生重要节点。 23．考查形容词。句意：然而，这是一个根深蒂固的观念。A. cold-blooded冷血的；B. deep-rooted根深蒂固的；C. far-sighted有远见的；D. single-minded专一的。根据下文“Many of us feel-consciously or otherwise-that our paths should ____ a rigid timeline of professional and personal milestones.”可知，很多人有意无意都认同这套时间标准，说明该观念是根深蒂固的。 24．考查动词短语。句意：我们中的许多人有意识或无意识地认为，我们的道路应该符合职业和个人重要节点的严格时间表。A. fit into符合；B. break into闯入；C. account for解释；D. make for促成。根据下文“We may judge ourselves negatively if we hit these milestones “late,””可知，人们默认人生要符合既定时间表，迟到就自我否定。 25．考查动词。句意：如果我们“晚”达到这些重要节点，我们可能会对自己做出负面评价，部分原因是社会倾向于推崇、欣赏年少有为。A. admire欣赏，推崇；B. doubt怀疑；C. envy嫉妒；D. strike击打。根据上文“We may judge ourselves negatively if we hit these milestones “late,””以及语境可知，人们会因为达成节点晚而否定自己，根源是社会欣赏年轻时取得成就。 26．考查动词。句意：事实上，研究表明，与前几代人相比，现在人们越来越有可能在晚些时候完成重大人生事件。A. encounter遭遇；B. expect期待；C. accomplish完成；D. undertake承担。根据上文“Yet plenty of people find professional fulfillment, financial prosperity, or rewarding relationships within their own time frames.”以及下文“major life events”可知，此处表示完成重大的人生事件更晚。 27．考查名词。句意：鉴于我们寿命更长，更频繁地转换职业，并在工作中寻求更多意义，让更多的人在以后的生活中“绽放”是有意义的。A. routines惯例；B. locations地点；C. identities身份；D. careers职业。根据下文“seeking more meaning in our work,”可知，此处表示转换职业，并在其中寻求更多意义。 28．考查动词。句意：这些人可能会与失败感、与他人的负面自我比较，甚至被遗忘的感觉作斗争。A. interfere干预；B. correspond通信；C. cope处理；D. struggle挣扎。根据下文“with feelings of failure, negative self-comparison to others, and even the sense that they have been forgotten.”以及语境可知，这些负面感受说明他们深受困扰，struggle with为固定搭配，表示“与……抗争”。 29．考查动词。句意：它还可以使我们目前称之为“大器晚成”的人享受伴随后期成就而来的独特成功。A. obtain获得；B. enjoy享受；C. secure确保；D. witness目睹。根据本段首句“Removing the pressure to succeed within a given timeline is good for our mental health.”可知，卸掉压力之后，“大器晚成”的人可以感受、品味这份成功。 30．考查形容词。句意：“大器晚成者在通往成功路上可能会面对额外的挑战，这促使他们培养更强的适应力，”伦敦大学学院副教授蔡家俊说。A. additional额外的；B. emotional情绪的；C. intentional有意的；D. optional可选择的。根据上文“Many of these strengths and skills are a direct result of spending more time on self-discovery, learning and even failure.”以及下文“leading them then to develop more resilience (适应力),”可知，他们没有在常规时间取得成就，会承受年龄相关的偏见与压力，比年少成功者多出别的挑战，但也会促使他们培养更强的适应力。 31．考查形容词。句意：这类人或许更有准备去适应困境。A. entitled有资格的；B. tempted想要的；C. prepared准备好的；D. qualified合格的。根据上文“Late bloomers may have faced ____ challenges on their pathway to achievement, leading them then to develop more resilience (适应力),”可知，更多挑战塑造了他们的适应力，所以他们遇到难处时就更有准备去应对。 32．考查名词。句意：除了更强的应变能力，更长的成功之路也带来了发现和培养有意义的价值观和激情的机会，这些价值观和热情是个人共鸣的，而不是社会推动我们走向的。A. accessibility可及性；B. flexibility灵活性，应变力；C. productivity生产力；D. sensibility敏感性。根据上文“Late bloomers may have faced ____ challenges on their pathway to achievement, leading them then to develop more resilience (适应力),”可知，此处表示上文提及的更强的适应力，flexibility和 resilience呼应。 33．考查形容词。句意：显然，我们应该改变从年龄角度看待成就的方式。A. grateful感激的；B. renowned著名的；C. due应有的；D. answerable负责的。根据第四段“And as they do, the stigma (污名) of succeeding at an older age-including the idea that it is more surprising than doing so young-has become an outdated view of age and achievement.”以及下文“We simply can’t afford to maintain a bias”可知，旧观念已经过时，所以观念的转变是理所应当的。 34．考查动词。句意：我们确实不能保留这种偏见，它会忽视一大部分人群未被发掘的潜力。A. comprising包含；B. overlooking忽视；C. realizing意识到；D. sacrificing牺牲。根据下文“a whole band of the population’s untapped (未开发的) potential.”可知，此处表示年龄偏见会让人看不见晚成者身上还没发挥出来的潜力。 35．考查动词。句意：然而，她希望后代能够免受她作为女性所面临的与年龄相关的成就压力。A. benefited受益；B. drawn吸引；C. received接收；D. spared免除。根据上文“Shafrir learned this lesson in her own time.”可知，她亲身经历过这份压力，所以会希望下一代不用承受，be spared from表示“免于(不好的事物)”。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 13 GVC -语法、词汇、完形组合练（II） 目 录 第一套 ·基础演练 第二套· 重难演练 第三套· 模拟演练 01·基础演练 A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Reading the Story. It’s the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful — being asked to read the same book for many many times. But 1 the constant repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for children to learn new words, according to research. The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope 2 they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar will achieve far more. Dr. Jessica Horst of the University of Sussex’s WORD Lab devised an experiment 3 (check) how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and recall six new words. The children 4 (visit) three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three different stories. All had the same number of new words 5 appeared the same amount of times. When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had typically learned 3.6 of the new words, while those 6 (expose) to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6. They also noted the “repetition” group learned at a faster rate than those in the “variety” group. Dr. Horst said, “We are showing that less is more, to a point. And, obviously, the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help him or her. But you 7 (not need) to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. 8 (read) the same books over and over again helps.” Speaking of the previous studies, we have found one in three parents don’t read to their children 9 putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one reading periods can improve reading age 10 nearly two years in less than five months. B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．campaigns B．ensure C． concern D．beneficial E. sustained F. transformational G. gap H. players I. conservation J. reveal K. founded Voluntourism first emerged at scale in the 1990s. Since then, the industry has grown rapidly and now offers a wide variety of options. Volunteers can find themselves building houses in Honduras, teaching children in Morocco, or protecting endangered brown bears in central Italy. The sector is 11 by organizations that connect communities in need with volunteers. Some are charities or non-profits, while others are traditional businesses meeting and capitalizing on a healthy demand. Done diligently and ethically (符合道德地), voluntourism can have a(n) 12 impact on both recipients and volunteers, says Alex Tarrant, co-founder of Pod Volunteer. The organization, 13 in the early 2000s, focuses on animal welfare. Its volunteers may care for rescued dogs in Thailand and protect elephants in Namibia. Global Vision International is one of the bigger 14 in the market. Over the past 25 years, it has placed around 35,000 volunteers in more than 100 locations around the world. Its long-running cooperation with the Seychelles government has involved 1,000 participants in ocean 15 initiatives. Not all interactions, however, are as mutually 16 . When making money and doing good come together, it is not surprising that ethical issues can arise. If a company lacks ethics, the profit margins (利润空间) in voluntourism can be “very, very high,” says Xavier Font, an expert in sustainability marketing. This is partly because costs are low while participants are often willing to pay more for their trips. There can also be an unfair power 17 between voluntourism operators and the often desperate projects they partner with. Since companies do not have to 18 their costs, they can easily hide profits and take advantage of the situation. Another 19 is that willing but poorly prepared volunteers often repeat work that previous volunteers have already done. A worker at a voluntourism organization reportedly overheard a teacher say: “If one more volunteer comes in and teaches the children to sing ‘head, shoulders, knees, and toes,’ I’m going to scream.” Despite these problems, voluntourism is largely a force for good, concludes Sallie Grayson, co-founder of the non-profit People and Places. “The vast majority of volunteers want to do good, and it’s up to us to 20 that they can,” she said. “Well-matched, well-placed volunteers can make a real difference, I’m still convinced of that.” C Basic research, driven by curiosity, freedom and imagination, provides the groundwork for all applied research and technology. And just as we have to break the endless cycle of Band-Aid fixes to roads and rails, long-term investments in 21 are vital. Curiosity-driven basic research has brought truly 22 transformations, such as the rapid growth of computer-based intelligence and the discovery of the genetic basis of life. It also 23 new tools and techniques that spread throughout society, such as the World Wide Web, originally developed for physicists to cultivate scientific cooperation. It 24 the sharpest minds on the toughest challenges, and its products are widely used by industry and society. No one can exclusively capture its rewards — it is a truly 25 good. The path from basic research to applications is not one-directional and linear, but rather it is complex and 26 . The 27 technologies enable even more fundamental discoveries, such as quantum mechanics, which has led to computer chips and other inventions that are responsible for a significant part of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP). To 28 the full potential of human intellect and imagination, we need to balance short-term expectations with long-term investment. Just as a financial expert would never 29 giving up a retirement fund to enrich an already sufficient checking account, we need to advocate for a balanced portfolio (投资组合) of short- and long-term research initiatives. 30 , driven by decreasing funding, against a background of economic uncertainty, and ever shortening time cycles, research is becoming 31 directed toward short-term goals that may address current problems but miss out on huge advances in the long term. It is human to 32 necessities in times of stress. But investing in basic research, just like saving for retirement, is a prerequisite (先决条件) for 33 welfare, innovation and societal progress. Long-term investments in basic research are crucial and lead to an even higher goal: the global 34 of accepting the scientific culture of accuracy, truth seeking, critical questioning and dialogue, healthy skepticism, 35 for facts and uncertainties, and wonder at the richness of nature and the human spirit. 21．A．construction B．imagination C．knowledge D．freedom 22．A．revolutionary B．synthetic C．biological D．social 23．A．depends on B．consists of C．conflicts with D．leads to 24．A．trains B．questions C．congratulates D．enlightens 25．A．lasting B．temporary C．public D．personal 26．A．careful B．pointless C．direct D．cyclic 27．A．resulting B．surprising C．remaining D．disappointing 28．A．add to B．take up C．set about D．tap into 29．A．postpone B．recommend C．escape D．confess 30．A．Besides B．Namely C．Therefore D．However 31．A．necessarily B．dangerously C．successfully D．mutually 32．A．talk about B．focus on C．point at D．carry out 33．A．ensuring B．considering C．cutting D．reforming 34．A．issues B．benefits C．crisis D．economy 35．A．respect B．fitness C．requirement D．context 02·重难演练 A Life is a continuous journey of learning. From the moment we are born, we begin the process of discovering the world 1 us. As we grow, our thirst for knowledge and understanding only increases, 2 (lead) us to pursue different forms of education and experiences 3 help us expand our horizons and grow as individuals. In the early years of our lives, we engage in the process of learning through play and exploration. Through toys and games, we learn about cause and effect, social interactions, and how to get problems 4 (solve). As we progress into our formative years, we begin to hone in on more academic skills like reading, writing, and math. These foundational building blocks set us up for success in school and beyond. As we transition into adulthood, our focus shifts towards career-related fields and lifelong learning becomes increasingly important. In this stage of our lives, we begin to specialize in areas that align with our interests and talents, 5 it is technology, healthcare, education, or another profession. We also begin to embrace the idea 6 learning is a never-ending process and a lifelong journey. Lifelong learning not only benefits our professional development but also our personal growth. It helps us 7 (maintain) a youthful mindset, stay connected to the world, and continues to push us to grow as individuals. We can embrace this concept by seeking out new hobbies or 8 (continue) education courses that introduce us to new concepts and ideas. Learning is a critical component of human growth and development. It allows us to broaden our horizons, gain new skills, and pursue our passions. Lifelong learning is not just a phase 9 a mindset that we should embrace throughout our lives. As we continue to journey through life, let us never stop exploring and learning 10 new. B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Why Exercise Does Not Always Make Us Happier A．complicates  B．counts  C． drive  D．enjoyment  E. essential  F. imposed G. initial  H. instrumental  I. sustain  J. translate  K. outweighed People often assume that exercise is automatically good for mental health. Move more, the familiar advice goes, and you will feel better. Yet recent research has begun to qualify this apparently simple formula. The psychological 11 behind exercise may matter almost as much as the exercise itself. Researchers distinguish between motives that are 12 and motives in which the activity itself is rewarding. People who exercise for a result beyond the activity may run to lose weight, improve a medical condition or satisfy an expectation 13 by family, peers or society. In each case, the value of exercise lies mainly in the result it is supposed to produce. Although a goal-directed motive can get people moving, it rarely 14 as a positive experience in the long run. This difference becomes important when the 15 enthusiasm fades. A person who exercises only to meet an external standard may find it difficult to 16 the habit once progress slows. The activity begins to feel like a test that must be passed rather than a practice that can be valued in its own right. By comparison, internal motivation is more closely connected with 17 , a sense of competence and the feeling that one is acting by choice. The short-term discomfort of training can be 18 by these pleasant psychological experiences. They may also 19 into measurable improvements in mood and life satisfaction. Such benefits can extend to other areas of well-being, including better sleep, greater confidence and more satisfying social interactions. The point is not that every exercise session must be pleasant. Training can be tiring, repetitive and even uncomfortable. What matters is whether people retain a sense of agency while doing it. This finding also 20 the popular idea that exercise should be treated mainly as a tool for weight loss. When movement is valued only for its visible results, that narrow purpose may undermine a person’s relationship with physical activity. A more effective strategy is to adapt the routine to the individual’s interests, abilities and circumstances. Someone who dislikes crowded gyms may respond better to cycling, dancing or a regular walk with friends. C Short-form videos have become one of the dominant ways young people interact with social media. These are clips lasting seconds up to a few minutes, powered by personalized algorithms that are deeply immersive and precisely 21 to users’ interests, with endless autoplay and infinite scroll providing no stopping cues. These clips are standard in platforms like TikTok, and are designed to keep attention locked in. This design matters because it encourages repeated, often automatic 22 . Users don’t need to decide what to watch next, as the platform decides for them. Over time, this may shape how attention, mood, and motivation are 23 , especially in children and adolescents whose brains are still developing. As concern grows about the mental health impacts of social media, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to short-form video. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Nguyen and colleagues pulled together 70 studies to 24 how this type of content use is linked to mental health, cognition, and well-being. Rather than focusing on a(n) 25 study, meta-analyses pool results across many studies to better understand overall effects and who is at greatest risk. Across the studies included in the review, higher levels of short-form video use were 26 associated with poorer mental health outcomes, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Importantly, these associations were strongest when use was frequent, emotionally 27 or felt difficult to control. These 28 reflect how and why young people interact with these platforms, not simply how long they use them. Beyond mental health, this review also examined how short-form video use relates to cognitive functioning, including executive functioning abilities that are 29 for success in school and work. Across studies, a consistent pattern emerged, particularly in young people: heavier and more compulsive short-form video use was linked to poorer cognitive outcomes. The fast-paced, highly 30 , and repetitive nature of short-form video may 31 the ability to focus on slower, effortful tasks and place additional strain on developing cognitive systems. The results suggest that short-form video platforms 32 youth mental health and cognition during adolescence, a particularly 33 period in development. The results highlight the danger of these videos and highlight the need to 34 the platforms’ designs and algorithms to protect youth well-being and cognition, as well as undertake measures to limit use and 35 . Several countries, such as Australia and the United Kingdom, have imposed bans on social media for teens under 16 years of age, with other countries considering the same measures. 21．A．tuned B．tailored C．limited D．reflected 22．A．engagement B．maintenance C．display D．refreshment 23．A．carved B．extracted C．regulated D．influenced 24．A．examine B．convince C．represent D．explore 25．A．random B．existent C．original D．single 26．A．consistently B．unceasingly C．inevitably D．permanently 27．A．drained B．driven C．relieved D．controlled 28．A．illusions B．results C．features D．patterns 29．A．sensitive B．dedicated C．critical D．optional 30．A．challenging B．stimulating C．entertaining D．demanding 31．A．deprive B．help C．hinder D．delay 32．A．benefit B．restore C．threaten D．ignore 33．A．sensible B．primitive C．stable D．vulnerable 34．A．reform B．transform C．shift D．maintain 35．A．access B．barrier C．exhibit D．exposure 03·模拟演练 A The Art of Persuasion Persuasion is the art of influencing others’ thoughts, feelings and actions. It’s about convincing people to see things from your perspective, adopt your ideas or take specific actions. 1 you’re negotiating a business deal, advocating a cause or simply trying to get your point across, persuasion plays a crucial role. Employers place a great value on employees 2 (possess) persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance. Besides, teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done. 3 persuasion skills, employees may not be as committed to 4 makes an organization’s vision valuable, or convinced of its long-term mission. Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas, it’ll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal. In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace, you need to understand the situations 5 conflicts arise and how to reach agreements. Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion, but equally important is the capacity 6 (ground) in logic and reasoning. Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal, you should help them understand why they should pursue it. Using visual aids to back up your ideas 7 (prove) effective in helping illustrate your ideas better. Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people. In order to sustain those relationships, you must be able to work in their best interests as well. Your coworkers are 8 (likely) to disagree with you when they succeed alongside. The more they achieve and the greater progress they make, the more they trust your judgement and strength. We persuade and get persuaded every day. A vast majority of people favour cooperation and teamwork over traditional organizational structures; no one likes to be told what to do or 9 (push) around. Therefore, organizations and leaders 10 adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes. B A．gains     B．excess     C． mounted     D．distinction     E. continual     F. correspondingly G. pooling     H. stretches     I. downsides     J. likening     K. respectively Prolonged sitting rightly has a bad reputation. A review in 2012 concluded that the most sedentary were more than twice as likely as the least to have diabetes, and also faced a much higher risk of premature death. Another, in 2015, found that sitting for long 11 was associated with “harmful health outcomes regardless of physical activity”. Three years after that, an analysis of news articles in a British journal found hundreds of pieces which referred to claims 12 sitting to smoking, though that is considered overblown. Hence the appeal of standing desks and, more recently, “active seats”: chairs and stools that tilt, wobble or rock to force 13 postural adjustments. Is either actually healthier? An analysis in 2018 found standing at a desk burned just nine more calories per hour than sitting. Nor are the cardiovascular (心血管的) 14 impressive. A review in 2020 mentioned nine trials involving 877 people. Participants stood about 1.3 hours more a day and were followed for roughly four months. Body fat and blood-sugar control improved slightly, but blood pressure, insulin, and cholesterol did not. Furthermore, standing is not without its 15 . Those who stood for more than two hours a day had a higher risk of varicose veins (静脉曲张), perhaps because of 16 of blood in the legs. What matters far more is movement. A study of nearly 482,000 adults in 2024 found that just 15-30 minutes of extra daily exercise could erase most of the 17 mortality (死亡) risk associated with sitting at work. Desk-bound workers may therefore wonder if active seating can make a difference. Some findings are encouraging. In a trial at Georgia Southern University, 20 adults performed reading and typing tasks on an ordinary chair, an exercise ball and a seat 18 on top of an inflatable bladder (充气囊). Energy expenditure on the ball was similar to normal sitting. But on the bladder, participants’ heart rates and calorie burn rose by 6-13% and 19-40% 19 . In the end, there does seem to be a lesson here: the real 20 is not between sitting and standing, but between remaining still and moving. C Why Saying “Late Bloomer” Is Wrong Doree Shafrir considers herself to be a late bloomer. She got married at 38, had her first child at 41, and generally sees herself as having been late “to finding the kind of work I 21 like to do.” While the road has not always been smooth, the Los Angeles-based author, 44, now feels gratitude for her journey, along with a new outlook on the 22 that she once felt she was missing. “These goals are relatively arbitrary (武断的) and culturally prescribed,” Shafrir says. “I now see that the things I saw as ‘mistakes’ were just another part of my story.” Shafrir views her memoir, Thanks for Waiting: The Joy (& Weirdness) of Being a Late Bloomer, as a “gentle corrective to the idea that we’re supposed to do things on a schedule.” Yet it is a notion that is 23 . Many of us feel-consciously or otherwise-that our paths should 24 a rigid timeline of professional and personal milestones. We may judge ourselves negatively if we hit these milestones “late,” in part because of a societal tendency to 25 youthful achievement. Yet plenty of people find professional fulfillment, financial prosperity, or rewarding relationships within their own time frames. In fact, research shows that people today are increasingly likely to 26 major life events at a later age than previous generations. Given that we are living longer, switching 27 more often, and seeking more meaning in our work, it makes sense for more people to “bloom” later in life. And as they do, the stigma (污名) of succeeding at an older age-including the idea that it is more surprising than doing so young—has become an outdated view of age and achievement. The concept of late bloomers can also be toxic to those who do succeed later in life. Such people may 28 with feelings of failure, negative self-comparison to others, and even the sense that they have been forgotten. Removing the pressure to succeed within a given timeline is good for our mental health. It can also enable the people we currently label “late bloomers” to 29 the distinct successes that come with the achievements that are made later in life. Many of these strengths and skills are a direct result of spending more time on self-discovery, learning and even failure. “Late bloomers may have faced 30 challenges on their pathway to achievement, leading them then to develop more resilience (适应力),” says Chia-Jun Tsay, an associate professor at University College London. “Such people may be more 31 to adapt to difficult circumstances.” Beyond increased 32 , a longer road to success also brings opportunities to discover and cultivate meaningful values and passions that are personally resonant (引起共鸣的), rather than what society pushes us towards. Clearly, we are 33 for a shift in how we view achievements in terms of age. We simply can’t afford to maintain a bias that leads to 34 a whole band of the population’s untapped (未开发的) potential. Shafrir learned this lesson in her own time. However, she hopes that future generations will be 35 from the age-related achievement pressure she faced-particularly as a woman. 21．A．mainly B．broadly C．roughly D．truly 22．A．expectations B．rewards C．milestones D．possessions 23．A．cold-blooded B．deep-rooted C．far-sighted D．single-minded 24．A．fit into B．break into C．account for D．make for 25．A．admire B．doubt C．envy D．strike 26．A．encounter B．expect C．accomplish D．undertake 27．A．routines B．locations C．identities D．careers 28．A．interfere B．correspond C．cope D．struggle 29．A．obtain B．enjoy C．secure D．witness 30．A．additional B．emotional C．intentional D．optional 31．A．entitled B．tempted C．prepared D．qualified 32．A．accessibility B．flexibility C．productivity D．sensibility 33．A．grateful B．renowned C．due D．answerable 34．A．comprising B．overlooking C．realizing D．sacrificing 35．A．benefited B．drawn C．received D．spared 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $