Unit 1 Grammar（导学案）英语新教材译林版九年级下册

Unit 1 A world of cultures 课时5 Integration ABC导学案 1. 理解并掌握代词 it 的三种核心用法：①作人称代词/指示代词；②表示时间、日期、天气、距离等；③作形式主语或形式宾语。 2. 能够在语境中正确判断 it 的指代对象或语法功能，提升语篇分析能力。 3. 能够运用含 it 的重点句型（It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do; It takes sb. some time to do; It is said/reported/known that...; ...find it + adj. + to do...）进行准确表达和写作。 4. 通过小组合作与自主探究，提升英语语法思维的逻辑性和表达的准确性。 重点： 1. it 作代词指代事物、人、天气、时间、距离等的基本用法； 2. it 作形式主语替代 to do / that 从句的用法； 3. it 作形式宾语替代 to do 的用法（...find/think/consider it + adj. + to do...）。 难点： 1. 形式主语 it 与真正主语（to do / that 从句）的对应关系辨析； 2. 介词 of 与 for 在 It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do 句型中的选择判断； 3. 人称代词 it 与形式主语/形式宾语 it 在复杂句中的区分。 一、请从 Reading 部分 "Finding my place in a new country" 一文中找出以下含 it 的句子，并判断其用法类别（A/B/C）。 A = 指代事物/人/已提及内容 B = 表示时间/天气/距离等 C = 形式主语/形式宾语 原文含 it 的句子（部分挖空） 用法类别 编号 1. I find it difficult to move to a new country, and it took me a long time to get used to the new life. ______（A / B / C） 1 2. It is kind of them to teach me Italian. ______（A / B / C） 2 3. Next week, I will go to Venice with some Italian friends. It is well known that Venice was built on water. ______（A / B / C） 3 4. It is common to go on boat rides and enjoy the views of the old buildings from the water. ______（A / B / C） 4 二、知识预测 1. it 除了指代前文提到的事物外，还可以用来指代什么？请列举两种。 2. 在句子 "It is important for us to learn English well." 中，it 是什么成分？真正的主语是什么？ 知识点1：it 作代词（指代事物、人、已提及内容） it 作代词时，可指代：动物、植物、无生命事物；性别未知的小孩；已提及的人、动作、情况或想法。 ★ 请阅读以下短文，找出文中每个 it 的指代对象，并填入表格。 Yesterday, we visited the Summer Palace. We spent about three hours there, and it was very interesting. There is a beautiful Chinese garden with three hills and a lake. The lake is very big—it takes up three quarters of the area. When we were there, it was frozen, so we couldn't go out on a boat. Across the lake is a bridge and on either side of it are many stone lions. The lions are all different from each other. Isn't it amazing? While I was walking along the bridge, my mobile phone rang. It was my mum. I told her about my day and how much I was enjoying the Summer Palace. It was well worth visiting! 序号 含 it 的句子 it 指代对象 1 (1) ______ ______ 2 (2) ______ ______ 3 (3) ______ ______ 4 (4) ______ ______ 5 (5) ______ ______ 6 (6) ______ ______ 7 (7) ______ ______ 知识点2：it 表示时间、日期、天气、距离等 it 还可用于表示时间、日期、天气、距离等。注意：此时 it 无实际词汇意义，仅起语法作用。 仿照例句，用 it 改写下列句子。 例：Today is 22 February. We left Beijing for Shanghai after lunch. → It was 22 February when we left Beijing for Shanghai after lunch. 1. Shanghai is about 1,300 kilometres by train from Beijing. → It ________________________________ by train from Beijing to Shanghai. 2. I got up at 7:30 a.m. this morning. → It ________________________________ when I got up this morning. 3. I felt a bit cold when we went out. The temperature was 2°C. → I felt a bit cold when we went out. ________________________________. 4. Winter is cold and wet and sometimes rainy in Shanghai. → In winter, ________________________________. 5. We arrived in Shanghai on a sunny day. → ________________________________ when we arrived in Shanghai. 知识点3：it 作形式主语或形式宾语 当句子的真正主语是不定式短语（to do...）、动名词短语或 that 从句时，常将 it 置于句首作形式主语，使句子结构更平衡。 当真正宾语是不定式短语时，可将 it 置于动词后作形式宾语，把真正宾语后置。 核心句型总结： ① It is + adj. (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth. 注意：若形容词描述人的性格/品质（kind, nice, clever, foolish, silly 等），用 of；若形容词描述事物的性质（important, necessary, difficult, easy 等），用 for。 ② It takes sb. some time to do sth. ③ It is said / reported / known / believed / thought / hoped... that... ④ sb. think(s) / find(s) / consider(s) / feel(s) it + adj. + to do sth. 请判断以下句中 it 的语法功能，并在括号内填写 "形式主语" 或 "形式宾语"。 1. It is amazing to see the Bund in real life. （__________） 2. I found it exciting to try new food. （__________） 3. It is well known that the winter in Shanghai is wet and cold. （__________） 4. It is kind of them to show us the way. （__________） 5. I find it pleasant to walk around the city. （__________） 6. It does not take much time to get used to the transport here. （__________） 一、用 it 改写下列句子。 1. The weather was very cold yesterday. We had to wear warm clothes. → _______________________________________________________ 2. To protect our eyes is important. → _______________________________________________________ 3. The distance from my home to school is about 3 kilometres. → _______________________________________________________ 4. He thinks learning Chinese is difficult. → _______________________________________________________ 5. That the Great Wall attracts many tourists is known to all. → _______________________________________________________ 二、易混易错——用of或者for填空。 1. It is important ______ us to learn English well. 2. It is kind ______ you to help me with my homework. 3. It is necessary ______ everyone to protect the environment. 4. It is foolish ______ him to give up the chance. 三、综合运用——语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（含 it 的用法）或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 【短文】My family and I moved to a new city last month. At first, I found __________ (1) difficult to get used to the new life. __________ (2) took me a long time to make new friends. However, __________ (3) is well known that time heals everything. Now, I enjoy my new school. __________ (4) is important for me __________ (5) (keep) a positive attitude. I think __________ (6) useful to join some clubs. __________ (7) is kind of my classmates to help me. Last weekend, __________ (8) was sunny and we went to the park. __________ (9) took us about an hour to get there by bus. __________ (10) was well worth visiting! 1. 本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结，写出本节你学到的重点词汇、句型或文化知识）： （1）本课时我掌握了 it 的哪几种用法？请用一句话概括每种用法。 （2）在 "It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do" 句型中，我判断 of/for 的依据是什么？ （3）形式主语 it 和形式宾语 it 有什么共同点？试举例说明。 （4）通过本课时的学习，我在阅读或写作中使用 it 时还需要注意什么？ 2. 今日错题 / 不懂的内容： _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 3. 出错 / 听不懂的原因（可多选）： □ 词汇不会 □ 句型没掌握 □ 语法不清楚 □ 文化背景知识不足 □ 审题马虎 □ 其他__________ 4. 我的改进小计划（重难点回顾 / 学习方法 / 时间安排 等）： _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 A world of cultures 课时5 Integration ABC导学案 1. 理解并掌握代词 it 的三种核心用法：①作人称代词/指示代词；②表示时间、日期、天气、距离等；③作形式主语或形式宾语。 2. 能够在语境中正确判断 it 的指代对象或语法功能，提升语篇分析能力。 3. 能够运用含 it 的重点句型（It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do; It takes sb. some time to do; It is said/reported/known that...; ...find it + adj. + to do...）进行准确表达和写作。 4. 通过小组合作与自主探究，提升英语语法思维的逻辑性和表达的准确性。 重点： 1. it 作代词指代事物、人、天气、时间、距离等的基本用法； 2. it 作形式主语替代 to do / that 从句的用法； 3. it 作形式宾语替代 to do 的用法（...find/think/consider it + adj. + to do...）。 难点： 1. 形式主语 it 与真正主语（to do / that 从句）的对应关系辨析； 2. 介词 of 与 for 在 It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do 句型中的选择判断； 3. 人称代词 it 与形式主语/形式宾语 it 在复杂句中的区分。 一、请从 Reading 部分 "Finding my place in a new country" 一文中找出以下含 it 的句子，并判断其用法类别（A/B/C）。 A = 指代事物/人/已提及内容 B = 表示时间/天气/距离等 C = 形式主语/形式宾语 原文含 it 的句子（部分挖空） 用法类别 编号 1. I find it difficult to move to a new country, and it took me a long time to get used to the new life. ______（A / B / C） 1 2. It is kind of them to teach me Italian. ______（A / B / C） 2 3. Next week, I will go to Venice with some Italian friends. It is well known that Venice was built on water. ______（A / B / C） 3 4. It is common to go on boat rides and enjoy the views of the old buildings from the water. ______（A / B / C） 4 原文含 it 的句子（部分挖空） 用法类别 编号 1. I find it difficult to move to a new country, and it took me a long time to get used to the new life. C ★第1句：it 作形式宾语（difficult 的真正宾语是 to move to a new country），it 作形式主语（took 的真正主语是 me...to get used to...） 1 2. It is kind of them to teach me Italian. C ★第2句：it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to teach me Italian 2 3. Next week, I will go to Venice with some Italian friends. It is well known that Venice was built on water. C ★第3句：it 作形式主语，真正主语是 that Venice was built on water 3 4. It is common to go on boat rides and enjoy the views of the old buildings from the water. C ★第4句：it 作形式主语，真正主语是 to go on boat rides and enjoy the views 4 二、知识预测 1. it 除了指代前文提到的事物外，还可以用来指代什么？请列举两种。 【答案】天气（如 It is raining.）、时间（如 It is 9 o'clock.）、距离（如 It is 5 km from here.）、日期等。 2. 在句子 "It is important for us to learn English well." 中，it 是什么成分？真正的主语是什么？ 【答案】it 是形式主语；真正的主语是 to learn English well。 知识点1：it 作代词（指代事物、人、已提及内容） it 作代词时，可指代：动物、植物、无生命事物；性别未知的小孩；已提及的人、动作、情况或想法。 ★ 请阅读以下短文，找出文中每个 it 的指代对象，并填入表格。 Yesterday, we visited the Summer Palace. We spent about three hours there, and it was very interesting. There is a beautiful Chinese garden with three hills and a lake. The lake is very big—it takes up three quarters of the area. When we were there, it was frozen, so we couldn't go out on a boat. Across the lake is a bridge and on either side of it are many stone lions. The lions are all different from each other. Isn't it amazing? While I was walking along the bridge, my mobile phone rang. It was my mum. I told her about my day and how much I was enjoying the Summer Palace. It was well worth visiting! 序号 含 it 的句子 it 指代对象 1 (1) ______ ______ 2 (2) ______ ______ 3 (3) ______ ______ 4 (4) ______ ______ 5 (5) ______ ______ 6 (6) ______ ______ 7 (7) ______ ______ 序号 含 it 的句子 it 指代对象 1 (1) and it was very interesting 参观颐和园这件事 / the visit to the Summer Palace 2 (2) it takes up three quarters of the area the lake（湖） 3 (3) it was frozen the lake（湖）/ 天气 4 (4) on either side of it the bridge（桥） 5 (5) Isn't it amazing 石狮子各不相同这件事 / the fact that the lions are all different 6 (6) It was my mum 打电话的人（my mum） 7 (7) It was well worth visiting 参观颐和园这件事 / the visit 知识点2：it 表示时间、日期、天气、距离等 it 还可用于表示时间、日期、天气、距离等。注意：此时 it 无实际词汇意义，仅起语法作用。 仿照例句，用 it 改写下列句子。 例：Today is 22 February. We left Beijing for Shanghai after lunch. → It was 22 February when we left Beijing for Shanghai after lunch. 1. Shanghai is about 1,300 kilometres by train from Beijing. → It ________________________________ by train from Beijing to Shanghai. 2. I got up at 7:30 a.m. this morning. → It ________________________________ when I got up this morning. 3. I felt a bit cold when we went out. The temperature was 2°C. → I felt a bit cold when we went out. ________________________________. 4. Winter is cold and wet and sometimes rainy in Shanghai. → In winter, ________________________________. 5. We arrived in Shanghai on a sunny day. → ________________________________ when we arrived in Shanghai. 【答案】 1. It is about 1,300 kilometres by train from Beijing to Shanghai. 2. It was 7:30 a.m. when I got up this morning. 3. It was 2°C when we went out. 4. In winter, it is cold and wet and sometimes rainy in Shanghai. 5. It was sunny when we arrived in Shanghai. 6. It was Monday afternoon when we arrived at our hotel. 7. It is not far from the Huangpu River to our hotel. 8. It is about 1,300 kilometres by train from Beijing to Shanghai. 知识点3：it 作形式主语或形式宾语 当句子的真正主语是不定式短语（to do...）、动名词短语或 that 从句时，常将 it 置于句首作形式主语，使句子结构更平衡。 当真正宾语是不定式短语时，可将 it 置于动词后作形式宾语，把真正宾语后置。 核心句型总结： ① It is + adj. (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth. 注意：若形容词描述人的性格/品质（kind, nice, clever, foolish, silly 等），用 of；若形容词描述事物的性质（important, necessary, difficult, easy 等），用 for。 ② It takes sb. some time to do sth. ③ It is said / reported / known / believed / thought / hoped... that... ④ sb. think(s) / find(s) / consider(s) / feel(s) it + adj. + to do sth. 请判断以下句中 it 的语法功能，并在括号内填写 "形式主语" 或 "形式宾语"。 1. It is amazing to see the Bund in real life. （__________） 2. I found it exciting to try new food. （__________） 3. It is well known that the winter in Shanghai is wet and cold. （__________） 4. It is kind of them to show us the way. （__________） 5. I find it pleasant to walk around the city. （__________） 6. It does not take much time to get used to the transport here. （__________） 【答案】1. 形式主语（真正主语：to see the Bund in real life） 2. 形式宾语（真正宾语：to try new food） 3. 形式主语（真正主语：that the winter in Shanghai is wet and cold） 4. 形式主语（真正主语：to show us the way） 5. 形式宾语（真正宾语：to walk around the city） 6. 形式主语（真正主语：to get used to the transport here） 一、用 it 改写下列句子。 1. The weather was very cold yesterday. We had to wear warm clothes. → _______________________________________________________ 2. To protect our eyes is important. → _______________________________________________________ 3. The distance from my home to school is about 3 kilometres. → _______________________________________________________ 4. He thinks learning Chinese is difficult. → _______________________________________________________ 5. That the Great Wall attracts many tourists is known to all. → _______________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. It was very cold yesterday, so we had to wear warm clothes. 2. It is important to protect our eyes. / It is important for us to protect our eyes. 3. It is about 3 kilometres from my home to school. 4. He thinks it difficult to learn Chinese. / He finds it difficult to learn Chinese. 5. It is known to all that the Great Wall attracts many tourists. 二、易混易错——用of或者for填空。 1. It is important ______ us to learn English well. 2. It is kind ______ you to help me with my homework. 3. It is necessary ______ everyone to protect the environment. 4. It is foolish ______ him to give up the chance. 【答案】 1. for；important 描述"学英语"这件事的性质，不是人的品质，用 for。 2. of；kind 描述人的品质（善良、友好），用 of。 3. for；necessary 描述"保护环境"这件事的必要性，用 for。 4. of；foolish 描述人的品质（愚蠢），用 of。 规律总结：若形容词是描述人的性格/品质（kind, nice, foolish, silly, clever, good, polite, rude 等），用 of；若形容词描述事物属性（important, necessary, difficult, easy, possible, impossible 等），用 for。 三、综合运用——语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词（含 it 的用法）或用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 【短文】My family and I moved to a new city last month. At first, I found __________ (1) difficult to get used to the new life. __________ (2) took me a long time to make new friends. However, __________ (3) is well known that time heals everything. Now, I enjoy my new school. __________ (4) is important for me __________ (5) (keep) a positive attitude. I think __________ (6) useful to join some clubs. __________ (7) is kind of my classmates to help me. Last weekend, __________ (8) was sunny and we went to the park. __________ (9) took us about an hour to get there by bus. __________ (10) was well worth visiting! 【答案】 1. it（形式宾语，真正宾语 to get used to...） 2. It（形式主语，It takes sb. time to do...） 3. it（形式主语，It is well known that...） 4. It（形式主语，It is important for sb. to do...） 5. to keep（真正主语 to keep...） 6. it（形式宾语，think it useful to join...） 7. It（形式主语，It is kind of sb. to do...） 8. it（表示天气，It was sunny） 9. It（形式主语，It takes sb. time to do...） 10. It（形式主语，It was well worth visiting） 1. 本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结，写出本节你学到的重点词汇、句型或文化知识）： （1）本课时我掌握了 it 的哪几种用法？请用一句话概括每种用法。 （2）在 "It is + adj. + of/for sb. to do" 句型中，我判断 of/for 的依据是什么？ （3）形式主语 it 和形式宾语 it 有什么共同点？试举例说明。 （4）通过本课时的学习，我在阅读或写作中使用 it 时还需要注意什么？ 2. 今日错题 / 不懂的内容： _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 3. 出错 / 听不懂的原因（可多选）： □ 词汇不会 □ 句型没掌握 □ 语法不清楚 □ 文化背景知识不足 □ 审题马虎 □ 其他__________ 4. 我的改进小计划（重难点回顾 / 学习方法 / 时间安排 等）： _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $