Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 课件-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 1 1. severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的 be severe on/with 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地 severity n.严格， 严重， 2. frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 【教材原句】　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 （1）feel/be frustrated at/with ... 　对……感到沮丧/懊恼　 （2）frustrating adj.　　令人沮丧的 frustrate vt.　　挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心 frustration n.　　挫折 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　Frustrated and disappointed， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. 　（读后续写之心理描写） 既沮丧又失望，我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①By the way，we often feel （frustrate）， which has a very bad effect on our studies. ②Finding your first job can be both a rewarding and ⁠ （frustrate） experience. frustrated　 frustrating　 完成句子 ③I in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes.　（读后续写之心理描写） 我对自己在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，我的眼睛里涌出懊恼的 泪水。 was frustrated at my poor performance　 3. once and for all 最终地; 彻底地 = completely all相关短语： all in all 总而言之 after all 毕竟 first of all 首先 above all 最重要的是 once相关短语： at once 立刻，马上 once and again 一而再，再三 all at once 突然；同时 /kəmˈpliːtli/ 4. contradictory [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri] adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法 /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/ 5. infection [ɪn'fekʃn] n. 感染;传染 infectious adj. 传染性的 infected adj. 感染的 be infected with/by 感染上……, 传染上…… /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ /ɪnˈfektɪd/ 6. subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 【教材原句】　Snow subscribed to the second theory. 斯诺赞同第二种看法。 （1）subscribe to 同意；赞同；订购；捐款；捐助；订阅 subscribe ... to ... 在……上签署……；向……捐…… （2）subscriber n.订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect. 我们所有人都 赞成这个观点：好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重。 【即学即练】　语境辨义 ①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school， to which we were sincerely grateful.　 ⁠ ②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives， I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.　 ⁠ ③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy？　 ⁠ 捐助　 订阅　 赞同　 7. multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖 multi- 前缀 “多种”： multicultural 多元文化的 /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ 8. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【教材原句】　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.斯诺 怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。 suspect sb/sth to be ... 怀疑/猜想某人/某物是…… suspect sb of （doing） sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事 suspect that ...　　怀疑/认为……（尤指坏事可能属实或发生） 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　Initially， Bernard suspected that he couldn’t sell his popcorn as planned.　（读后续写之心理描写） 起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能按计划卖掉爆米花。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ① （suspect） of stealing the car， he was arrested by the police. ②Two （suspect） in connection with the case are now being questioned at present. Suspected　 suspects　 完成句子 ③The person I respect most is my English teacher，who never ⁠ .我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀 疑我们会实现梦想。 suspects us of achieving our dreams　 9. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 【用法总结】 （1）blame sb for （doing） sth　　　　　因（做）某事责备某人 blame sth on ...　　把某事归咎于…… be to blame （for sth）　　（对某事）负有责任 （2）take/bear the blame for　　对……承担责任 put/place the blame for sth on ...　　把某事归咎于…… 【佳句背诵】　Instead of blaming others，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.　（建议信） 我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rules， was ⁠ （blame）. ②Although the teaching assistant was to blame the severe mistake，the foreign teacher didn’t blame her it. to blame　 for　 for　 　句式升级 ③Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network. → ， Alice was in low spirits. 　（过去分词短语作状语） Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network　 10. handle [ˈhændl] n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵 get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白 处理 = solve/tackle/do with/deal with 11. link n.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联 【教材原句】　Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家 饮用水公司有关。 （1）There is a link between ...and ...　　……和……之间有联系 （2）link ...to/with ...　　将……和……联系或连接起来 be linked to ...　　与……有联系/有关 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　Some diseases are closely linked to smoking. 有些疾病与吸烟密切相关。 【即学即练】　完成句子 ， and as a result， it is necessary for us to ⁠ ⁠. 健康问题和不良的饮食习惯之间是有联系的，因此，我们有必要将身 体健康和健康的饮食联系起来。 There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits　 link physical health to/with healthy diets　 12. pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的 by pure chance 纯属偶然 pure water 纯净水 purely adv.纯粹地，仅仅，只不过 purify v. 使洁净，净化 purity n. 纯净；纯洁 /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjʊərəti/ 13. substantial [səb'stænʃl] adj.大量的;价值巨大; 牢固的;实质性的 substantial =numerous 大量的，许多的 substantial proof 证据确凿 substance n. 物质;材料;实质 /ˈnjuːmərəs/ /ˈsʌbstəns/ 14. decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减 少；减小；降低 【教材原句】　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的 威胁大幅降低。 【用法总结】 （1）a decrease in ...　在……方面的减少/降低 on the decrease　　在减少 （2）decrease （from ...） to ... 　 （从……）减少到……（表示减少后的量） decrease by ...　　减少了……（表示减少的量） decrease in ...　　在……方面减少 【佳句背诵】　The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel. 数据显示，在过去的一年喜欢团体游的人数急剧减少。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①Not having enough sleep will have an impact on our health， leading to a decrease learning efficiency. in　 完成句子 ②Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs ，but thanks to various relevant activities，the number of those who appreciate Chinese traditions ⁠. 青少年对中国古代传统和习俗的了解正在减少，但多亏了各种相关活 动，欣赏中国传统的人数正在增加。 is on the decrease/is decreasing　 is on the increase/is increasing　 15. thanks to幸亏；由于 【教材原句】　Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to the work of John Snow. 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。 其他表示“原因”的短语： （1）because of， on account of， as a result of等常作状语，一般不作 表语，可置于句首或句末； （2）due to，owing to在句中作状语或表语。 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　“Thanks to your encouragement and assistance， I could take part in the cross-country run，” David said， with tears of gratitude shining in his eyes. 大卫说：“多亏了您的鼓励和帮助，我才能参加越野赛跑。”感激的 泪水在他的眼里闪烁。 【即学即练】　完成句子 ① ， the two rescued children were finally reunited with their family happily. 多亏了杰克的勇敢和冷静，被救的两个孩子最终高兴地与家人团 聚了。 ②I hold the strong belief that your outstanding success is ⁠ your hard work and tireless efforts. 我坚信你杰出的成就是因为你的勤奋工作和不懈努力。 Thanks to Jack’s bravery and calmness　 due to/owing to　 16. statistic [stə'tɪstɪk]: n. (复数-s)统计数字; 统计资料; 统计学 statistical adj.统计的，统计学的 statistically / stəˈtɪstɪkli / adv.统计地；统计学上 /stəˈtɪstɪk(ə)l/ 17. transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 【教材原句】　Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. 此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。 （1）transform ... into ...　　使……转变成…… （2）transformation n.　　变化，转变；改观 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　She used to be terribly shy， but a year abroad has completely transformed her. 她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①The past ten years have witnessed a complete ⁠ （transform） of my hometown. transformation　 　完成句子 ②Your generous help and kindness ⁠ an unforgettable memory. 你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。 transformed my first Canada trip into　 18. break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发 【教材原句】　However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设 强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 【用法总结】 break away from　脱离/挣脱…… break in　　插话；破门而入 break into　　破门而入 break up　　打碎；结束；（关系等）破裂 break down　　出故障；坏掉；失败；（身体等）垮掉；消除 【佳句背诵】　Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best friend and me. 　（求助信） 不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我发生了激烈的争吵。 【即学即练】　用适当的介词或副词填空 ①When the war broke ， the whole country was in a total mess. ②He broke rudely，“I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger. ③I am terribly sorry to hear that Tom and Mary have broken ⁠. out　 in　 up　 　完成句子 ④Learning that my partner ， I dashed to the hospital without hesitation like an arrow. 得知我的搭档病倒了，我毫不犹豫地像箭一样冲向医院。 broke down　 19. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 【用法总结】 （1）defend ... from/against ...　 保护……免受……的伤害 defend oneself　　为自己辩护；自卫 defend one’s beliefs/interests/rights　　捍卫自己的信仰/利益/权利 （2）defence n.　　保卫；保护；辩护 in defence of　　保护；为……辩护 （3）defender n.　　防守队员，后卫；保护者，捍卫者 【佳句背诵】　Mac jumped off the bike，seized the bike and threw it to the wolf with all his strength to defend himself. 　（读后续写 之肢体动作描写） Mac跳下自行车，把它抓起来，用尽全力把它扔向狼来自卫。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①The Great Wall was originally built in the Western Zhou period ⁠ （defend） against the attack of the enemies. ②She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if ⁠ defence. to defend　 in　 一句多译 ③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。　（读后续写之 肢体动作描写） →Seeing the fierce snake， he ⁠ .（defend） →Seeing the fierce snake， he ⁠ .（defence） rushed to defend his son like an arrow　 rushed in defence of his son like an arrow　 20. in charge of主管；掌管；负责 【教材原句】　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导 弹项目。 【用法总结】 （1）in the charge of　由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of　　负责/看管（表动作） free of charge　　免费 （2）charge （sb） for sth　　为……（向某人）收费/要价 charge sb with （doing） sth　　指控某人（做）某事 【佳句背诵】　①As chairman of the Students’ Association， I was appointed to be in charge of arranging all the activities during your stay in Tianjin. 作为学生会主席，我被任命负责安排您在天津期间的所有活动。 ②The company charged the man with neglecting his duty.公司指控那名 男子玩忽职守。 【即学即练】　单句语法填空 ①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks， because he was charged stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money the stolen ring.Luckily， a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free charge. with　 for　 of　 　一句多译 ②我负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。 →I “Talk and Talk”， which is an English program in our school radio station. →“Talk and Talk” is ， which is an English program in our school radio station. take charge of/am in charge of　 in the charge of me　 21. leadership [ˈliːdəʃɪp] n.领导地位；领导才能 under sb.’s leadership 在某人的领导下 leader n. 领导者 lead v. 带路；领导 n. 铅 leading adj. 领导的；主要的 /ˈliːdɪŋ/ /liːd/ /ˈliːdə(r)/ 22. gifted [ˈgɪftɪd] adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 be gifted in ...　 在……方面有天赋　 be gifted with... 天生具备…… gift n. 礼物;天赋 have a gift for... 有……的天赋 23. fault [fɔːlt] n. 过错；缺点 be at fault 有过错；有责任 find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病 faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的 faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的 /ˈfɔːltləs/ /ˈfɔːlti/ 24. come down with患（病）；染上（小病） 【教材原句】　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought. 他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界就变成了一个抽象思 维的世界。 come across　　　　　（偶然）遇见，碰见；被理解 come about　　发生（无被动形式） come up　　走近；上来；被提及 come up with　　提出 when it comes to ...　　当谈到…… 【用法总结】 【佳句背诵】　①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease， we are quite concerned about you. 得知你染上重病，我们非常担心你。 ②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意。 【即学即练】　用come的相关短语填空 ①The instant I knew that my partner a severe illness，a wave of sadness and concern washed over me. ②I’ll never understand how it that you were an hour late for such an important meeting. 　完成句子 ③ ， I have the following practical suggestions to share with you. 谈到英语学习，我有以下实用的建议与你们分享。 came down with　 came about　 When it comes to English learning　 Thank you！ 53 Çá¿ì±³¾°ÒôÀÖ ±³¾°ÒôÀÖ null 274644.28 $