2026-2027学年人教版八年级英语上册期中测试A卷

八年级上册英语期中测试（A卷） 满分：120分 考试时间：120分钟 （Units 1-4） 学校 班级 姓名 准考证号 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共五个部分，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 答题前，请将姓名、班级、考号填写在答题卡（卷）指定位置。选择题请用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写，答案写在答题卡（卷）上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡（卷）一并交回。 第一部分 听力（共四节，30分） 第一节 听句子，选择最佳答语（共5小题，每小题1分） 下面你将听到5个句子，每个句子读两遍。请你听完句子的第二遍朗读后，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中，选出该句的最佳答语。 1. A. To Xi'an. B. Yes, I did. C. Very interesting. 2. A. Yes, I did. B. Yes, I do. C. Yes, I am. 3. A. The train. B. Last week. C. With my parents. 4. A. Sure, here you are. B. No, thank you. C. Yes, I will. 5. A. It is the tallest. B. It's in Xi'an. C. I like it. 第二节 听对话和问题，选择正确答案（共13小题，每小题1分） 下面你将听到6组对话和13个问题，每组对话和问题读两遍。请你听完每组对话和问题的第二遍朗读后，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中，选出正确答案。 6. Where did the boy go last weekend? A. The science museum. B. The library. C. The park. 7. What does the boy ask the girl to do? A. Carry the box. B. Open the door. C. Clean the table. 8. Where should the box go? A. On the table. B. On the floor. C. In the corner. 9. Who is taller? A. Li Lei. B. The boy. C. The girl. 10. Who runs faster? A. The boy. B. Li Lei. C. The girl. 11. What is the biggest animal in the world? A. The blue whale. B. The elephant. C. The dinosaur. 12. How long are some blue whales? A. Thirty meters. B. Twenty meters. C. Ten meters. 13. How many buses long can a blue whale be? A. Three. B. Two. C. Four. 14. Where did the boy go? A. The Great Wall. B. The West Lake. C. The Summer Palace. 15. What did the boy do there? A. Took a lot of photos. B. Bought many gifts. C. Climbed a tower. 16. What is the most beautiful place the boy visited? A. A seaside village in Hainan. B. A mountain town. C. A big city. 17. What was the water like? A. As clear as glass. B. As warm as spring. C. As cold as ice. 18. What did the boy eat there? A. The freshest fish. B. The biggest cake. C. The sweetest fruit. 第三节 听短文和问题，选择正确答案（共7小题，每小题1分） 下面你将听到两篇短文和7个问题，每篇短文和问题读两遍。请你听完短文和问题的第二遍朗读后，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中，选出正确答案。 19. How did the family go to Xi'an? A. By high-speed train. B. By plane. C. By bus. 20. What is the biggest one in China? A. The city wall. B. The pagoda. C. The museum. 21. What did the writer buy for the desk? A. A small warrior model. B. A photo album. C. A silk scarf. 22. Where do the grandparents live? A. In a mountain village. B. In a big city. C. Near the sea. 23. What did the eggs taste like? A. Fresher than city eggs. B. Sweeter than candy. C. Salty. 24. What did they catch in the stream? A. Small fish. B. Frogs. C. Crabs. 25. What sits on the writer's desk now? A. A little stone. B. A small fish. C. A red tomato. 第四节 听短文填空（共5小题，每小题1分） 下面你将听到一篇短文，请根据所听内容填写下面的信息表。短文读两遍。 Information Sheet 项目 所缺信息 26. The Terracotta Warriors are the most famous ________ 27. The city wall is the biggest one in ________ 28. They tasted the most delicious ________ 29. The writer took many ________ 30. The writer bought a small warrior ________ 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，25分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last summer, my family went to Beidaihe for holiday. It was my first time to see the ____31____. When the sea came into view, I could not believe my eyes. I jumped up and down with excitement. The water was blue and the beach ____32____ soft under my feet. I ran into the waves and laughed loudly. My dad gave me a ____33____ from behind so I would not fall. The waves hit my legs and felt cool. In the evening, we walked along the beach and ____34____ beautiful shells. Some were white, and some were ____35____. I put them all in my bag. I also found a small crab. At night, we sat by a campfire. My mother ____36____ interesting stories about her own childhood trips. We ate seafood and watched the stars come out ____37____. The sky was full of bright stars. ____38____ the holiday ended, I felt a little sad. But I took many photos and a bag of shells home. That trip gave me a wonderful ____39____. It will be a ____40____ trip forever. 31. A. sea B. mountain C. desert D. river 32. A. felt B. smelled C. sounded D. tasted 33. A. hand B. push C. smile D. hug 34. A. watched B. found C. bought D. broke 35. A. colors B. colorful C. cheap D. strange 36. A. read B. told C. wrote D. sold 37. A. suddenly B. loudly C. slowly D. hardly 38. A. Before B. Since C. After D. Though 39. A. lesson B. mistake C. game D. memory 40. A. terrible B. long C. boring D. great 第二节 短文填空（共15小题，每小题1分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Last Sunday, I made ____41____ big dinner with my dad. We planned to make noodles together. We bought vegetables ____42____ dinner. The cooking process ____43____(be) fun and interesting. Dad cooked ____44____(careful) than Mom. He wanted ____45____(make) the best noodles. We cut three ____46____(tomato) and some green onions. Cooking together is ____47____(help). It brings the family closer. Dad taught ____48____(I) how to mix the noodles. It was an ____49____(interest) lesson. We boiled the water ____50____ put the noodles in. It was my ____51____(one) time to cook with Dad. I cut the vegetables ____52____(slow) because I didn’t want to hurt my fingers. The noodles tasted great ____53____ Dad added a special sauce. Next Sunday, I ____54____(cook) again. I believe I will cook ____55____(good) next time. We also made a vegetable soup. It tasted simple but really delicious. Dad said I was a good helper in the kitchen. I felt very proud of myself. We also washed the dishes together after dinner. It was a happy evening for both of us. 第三部分 阅读（共两节，40分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分） 阅读下面四篇材料，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Tallest Tower in Our City Our city has a new landmark: the Bright Tower. It is the tallest building in the province, and everyone talks about it. The tower is 328 meters high, higher than any other building around. On clear days, people can see the mountains from the top floor. "The view is the most beautiful in the whole city," my mother says. We visited it last weekend. The lift took us to the top in thirty seconds, faster than any elevator I had taken before. My little sister was a little afraid, but she held my hand tightly. At the top, there is a glass floor. My father stepped on it carefully, and we laughed at his slow walk. "Nothing is braver than standing on glass," he joked. I took a photo of the sunset from the top. It is the most beautiful photo in my album now. The Bright Tower is not just a building; it is our city's dream reaching for the sky. 56. How high is the Bright Tower? A. 328 meters. B. 282 meters. C. 400 meters. D. 200 meters. 57. How long did the lift take to the top? A. Thirty seconds. B. Three minutes. C. One minute. D. Ten seconds. 58. What is on the top floor? A. A glass floor. B. A restaurant. C. A museum. D. A garden. 59. What does the writer think of the sunset photo? A. It is the most beautiful in his album. B. It is too dark. C. It is a mistake. D. It is boring. B The Village That Changed My aunt lives in a small village, and I visit her every year. This year, the village changed more than ever. Last year, the roads were muddy, and we walked carefully. This year, a new road goes straight to the village, and cars can drive in. The old houses are painted, and there is a new library with a computer room. But the most important change is in the people. The farmers now use machines, and they grow more rice than before. My aunt said, "Our life is better than my parents' life, and our children's life will be better than ours." The old well in the center is still there, but nobody uses it. It stands as a memory of the old days. "The well is as deep as my grandfather's stories," my cousin said. I am happy for the village, but I also feel something sweet and sad. Some things will change, and some things should stay. I will visit more often, so that I can watch both the new road and the old well. 60. What was the village road like last year? A. Muddy. B. Wide. C. New. D. Straight. 61. What new building is in the village? A. A library. B. A hospital. C. A school. D. A shop. 62. Why do the farmers grow more rice now? A. They use machines. B. The rain is better. C. They plant more fields. D. The soil is richer. 63. What does the old well stand as? A. A memory of the old days. B. A new landmark. C. A drinking place. D. A meeting point. C The Busiest Bees Do you know that bees are the busiest workers in the world? They fly from flower to flower from morning to night. A bee can visit two thousand flowers in one day. When it finds sweet juice, it dances to tell its friends. The dance is a map: the direction shows where the flowers are, and the shaking shows how far. Bees do more than make honey. When they visit flowers, they carry pollen from one flower to another. This helps the flowers make fruit. Without bees, many apples, pears and watermelons would disappear. But bees are in danger. Some farmers use medicine that hurts them, and some flowers are dying. A world without bees would be quieter and emptier. Our school planted a small flower garden last spring, and the bees come every day. I like to watch them work. They are small, but they are the most important helpers of our food. We should protect them, because protecting bees is protecting our own food. 64. What does the underlined word "map" in Paragraph 2 mean? A. 地图 B. 音乐 C. 游戏 D. 舞蹈 65. How many flowers can a bee visit in one day? A. Two thousand. B. One hundred. C. Five hundred. D. Ten thousand. 66. Why are bees important to fruit? A. They carry pollen between flowers. B. They water the plants. C. They eat bad leaves. D. They keep the soil soft. 67. What does the school garden do for bees? A. Gives them flowers every day. B. Keeps them away. C. Feeds them sugar. D. Builds their houses. D Could You Help Me? Last month, our community had a repair day. People could bring broken things, and volunteers would fix them. I went to ask for help with my old radio. A volunteer named Uncle Liu looked at it carefully. "The wire is broken," he said. "It is an easy fix." He opened the radio, changed the wire and played my favorite music again. "Could you teach me?" I asked. "Of course," he smiled. Under his hands, I learned to use a small screwdriver and test the wires. My first try took an hour, and my hands were shaking. But when the radio sang again, I felt prouder than any prize could make me. On the same day, I saw people fixing kettles, chairs and even a toy robot. Nothing was thrown away easily that day. "If a thing can be repaired, it deserves a second life," Uncle Liu said. Now I keep a small toolbox at home. When my sister's toy breaks, I try to fix it myself first. Repairing is not only a skill; it is a way to love our things and our earth. 68. What was wrong with the writer's radio? A. The wire was broken. B. The music box was old. C. The speaker was lost. D. The battery was empty. 69. What did the writer learn from Uncle Liu? A. Use a screwdriver and test wires. B. Paint the radio. C. Make a new radio. D. Sell radios. 70. What did people fix on the repair day? A. Kettles, chairs and a toy robot. B. Only radios. C. Cars and bikes. D. Computers. 第二节 阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列问题。 Last month, my school had a camping trip in the mountains. It was the most unforgettable two days of my term. We set off early in the morning, and the bus climbed slowly along the winding road. When we reached the camp, the mountains stood like green giants, and the air was fresher than the air in the city. In the afternoon, we learned to set up tents. My group worked together, and our tent was the fastest to finish. We were so proud that we shouted with joy. At night, we sat around the fire and told stories. Our teacher told us about the stars, and we learned to find the Big Dipper. "Nothing is more beautiful than the night sky," she said softly. The next morning, we climbed a small hill to watch the sunrise. The sun came out slowly, and everything turned golden. I took a deep breath and thought: nature gives us so much, and we should protect it with all our hearts. 71. When did the school have the camping trip? ________________________________________________ 72. What was the fastest thing the writer's group did? ________________________________________________ 73. What did they learn to find at night? ________________________________________________ 74. What did they watch the next morning? ________________________________________________ 75. What did the trip teach you about nature? Please explain your idea. ________________________________________________ 第四部分 情景交际（共1节，10分） 补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hi, Wang Fang! Could you help me with something? B: Sure. What is it? A: 76. ________________________________ B: Yes, I can. Do you have the paint? A: 77. ________________________________ B: I see. The white wall will look nice. A: 78. ________________________________ B: We can start after school today. A: 79. ________________________________ B: Yes, my father bought a new brush last week. A: 80. ________________________________ B: You are welcome. See you after school! 第五部分 写作（15分） 书面表达（15分） 英语杂志正在征集假期故事。请以“My Holiday Story”为题，写一篇短文介绍你的一次假期经历。 要点：(1) 去了哪里、和谁一起；(2) 做了什么、看到了什么；(3) 你的感受或收获。 要求：必须包括以上所有要点，可适当发挥；词数80左右；文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。 Last summer, I went to the seaside with my parents, and it was an unforgettable holiday. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 八年级上册英语期中测试（A卷） 答案与解析 听力材料 第一节 听句子 1. Where did you go last summer? 2. Did you take any photos there? 3. How did you go to the museum? 4. Could you pass me the map? 5. Which tower is the most famous one? 第二节 听对话和问题 请听第1组对话，回答第6小题。 W: Where did you go last weekend? M: I went to the science museum with my cousin. 第6小题：Where did the boy go last weekend? 请听第2组对话，回答第7至8小题。 M: Could you help me carry this box? W: Sure. Where should I put it? M: On the table, please. W: OK, it's done. 第7小题：What does the boy ask the girl to do? 第8小题：Where should the box go? 请听第3组对话，回答第9至10小题。 W: Who is taller, you or Li Lei? M: Li Lei is taller than me, but I run faster. W: Does he run as fast as you? M: No, he is slower. 第9小题：Who is taller? 第10小题：Who runs faster? 请听第4组对话，回答第11至13小题。 M: What is the biggest animal in the world? W: The blue whale. It is bigger than any dinosaur. M: How long is it? W: Some are thirty meters long, and they are as long as three buses. M: That is amazing! 第11小题：What is the biggest animal in the world? 第12小题：How long are some blue whales? 第13小题：How many buses long can a blue whale be? 请听第5组对话，回答第14至15小题。 W: Did you go anywhere interesting during the holiday? M: Yes, I visited the Great Wall with my father. W: Did you see anything special there? M: I saw many old stones and took a lot of photos. 第14小题：Where did the boy go? 第15小题：What did the boy do there? 请听第6组对话，回答第16至18小题。 W: Which is the most beautiful place you have visited? M: The seaside village in Hainan. The water was as clear as glass. W: Did you swim there? M: Yes, and I also tasted the freshest fish I have ever eaten. 第16小题：What is the most beautiful place the boy visited? 第17小题：What was the water like? 第18小题：What did the boy eat there? 第三节 听短文和问题 短文1： Last winter holiday, my family visited Xi'an. What a wonderful trip it was! We took the high-speed train, and it took about four hours. In Xi'an, we saw the Terracotta Warriors. They are the most famous guards in the world, and every warrior has a different face. My father said, "They are as old as two thousand years." We also climbed the city wall, which is the biggest one in China. In the evening, we walked on the Bell Tower Street and tasted the most delicious noodles. Nothing made us happier than the warm soup noodles on a cold night. On the last day, we visited the Big Wild Goose Pagoda. My little sister asked, "Did someone really live in this tower?" We laughed, and my mother told her the story of the monk Xuanzang. I took many photos, and I bought a small warrior model for my desk. I will remember this trip forever, because it showed me the deepest history of my country. 第19小题：How did the family go to Xi'an? 第20小题：What is the biggest one in China? 第21小题：What did the writer buy for the desk? 短文2： My grandparents live in a mountain village, and last summer I stayed with them for a week. It was the most peaceful week of my life. Every morning, I got up with the chickens and helped grandpa feed them. The eggs we collected were fresher than any egg in the city. After breakfast, grandma took me to the vegetable garden. We picked tomatoes and beans, and they tasted as sweet as candy. In the afternoon, I went to the stream with the village children. We caught small fish with our hands and put them back. The water was so clear that I could see every stone. One evening, a big rain came suddenly. Grandpa said, "Don't worry. Rain is the most important gift for the fields." The next morning, the hills were greener than ever, and the air smelled like fresh tea. I took a little stone from the stream home, and it sits on my desk now. Every time I see it, I remember the quiet village, the sweet vegetables and my grandparents' warm smiles. 第22小题：Where do the grandparents live? 第23小题：What did the eggs taste like? 第24小题：What did they catch in the stream? 第25小题：What sits on the writer's desk now? 第四节 听短文填空 In Xi'an, the family saw the Terracotta Warriors, the most famous guards in the world. They climbed the city wall, the biggest one in China, and tasted the most delicious noodles on Bell Tower Street. The writer took many photos and bought a small warrior model for his desk. 参考答案 一、听力部分 第一节（1—5）：A A A A A 第二节（6—18）：A A A A A A A A A A A A A 第三节（19—25）：A A A A A A A 第四节（26—30）：26. guards 27. China 28. noodles 29. photos 30. model 二、语言运用 第一节 完形填空（31—40）：A A A B B B C C D D 第二节 短文填空（41—55）： 41. a 42. for 43. was 44. more carefully 45. to make 46. tomatoes 47. helpful 48. me 49. interesting 50. and 51. first 52. slowly 53. because 54. will cook 55. better 三、阅读 A篇（56—59）：A A A A B篇（60—63）：A A A A C篇（64—67）：A A A A D篇（68—70）：A A A 第二节 阅读表达（71—75）： 71. Last month. 72. Setting up their tent. 73. The Big Dipper. 74. The sunrise. 75. The trip taught me that nature is beautiful and important, so we should protect it with our hearts. (开放题，言之成理即可) 四、情景交际 76. Could you help me paint my room? 77. Yes, I bought some white paint. 78. When can we start? 79. Do you have a brush? 80. Thank you for your help. 五、书面表达 参考范文： Last summer, I went to the seaside with my parents, and it was an unforgettable holiday. We stayed in a small house near the beach. Every morning, we watched the sunrise and collected shells on the sand. In the afternoon, we swam and built a sandcastle. I even learned to ride a small boat. The most exciting thing was seeing the sea at night, with the moon shining on the water. This holiday taught me that nature is beautiful, and I felt closer to my family. I will never forget the blue sea and the happy days. 试题解析 一、听力部分 第一节： 1. A。考查情景应答：Where问地点，回答“To Xi'an.”。 2. A。考查情景应答：Did问句用Yes, I did.回答。 3. A。考查情景应答：How问交通方式，回答“The train.”。 4. A。考查情景应答：Could问句回答“Sure, here you are.”。 5. A。考查情景应答：回答“It is the tallest.”。 第二节： 6. A。关键词定位：男士说“the science museum”，故选A。 7. A。关键词定位：男士说“help me carry this box”，故选A。 8. A。关键词定位：男士说“On the table”，故选A。 9. A。关键词定位：男士说“Li Lei is taller than me”，故选A。 10. A。关键词定位：男士说“I run faster”，故选A。 11. A。关键词定位：女士说“The blue whale”，故选A。 12. A。关键词定位：女士说“thirty meters long”，故选A。 13. A。关键词定位：女士说“as long as three buses”，故选A。 14. A。关键词定位：男士说“visited the Great Wall”，故选A。 15. A。关键词定位：男士说“took a lot of photos”，故选A。 16. A。关键词定位：男士说“seaside village in Hainan”，故选A。 17. A。关键词定位：男士说“as clear as glass”，故选A。 18. A。关键词定位：男士说“freshest fish”，故选A。 第三节： 19. A。原文定位：“We took the high-speed train”。 20. A。原文定位：“the city wall, which is the biggest one in China”。 21. A。原文定位：“bought a small warrior model for my desk”。 22. A。原文定位：“live in a mountain village”。 23. A。原文定位：“fresher than any egg in the city”。 24. A。原文定位：“caught small fish with our hands”。 25. A。原文定位：“took a little stone…it sits on my desk”。 第四节： 26. guards。原文定位：“the most famous guards”。 27. China。原文定位：“the biggest one in China”。 28. noodles。原文定位：“the most delicious noodles”。 29. photos。原文定位：“took many photos”。 30. model。原文定位：“a small warrior model”。 二、语言运用 31. A。（名词）由Beidaihe和后文the water was blue可知我第一次看到大海，故选D。 32. A。（动词）在海边，脚下的沙滩踩起来软软的，feel soft意为摸起来/踩起来柔软，故选C。 33. A。（名词）爸爸从后面扶着我，免得我摔倒，give sb a hand意为扶住，故选B。 34. B。（动词）由a bag of shells可知我们在沙滩上捡到漂亮的贝壳，故选A。 35. B。（形容词）一些贝壳是白色的，另一些五颜六色，colorful意为多彩的，故选B。 36. B。（动词）妈妈给我讲她童年旅行的有趣故事，tell stories意为讲故事，故选C。 37. C。（副词）夜晚我们看着星星慢慢出来，slowly表示缓缓地，故选B。 38. C。（连词）假期结束后我有点难过，与不舍照应，故选A。 39. D。（名词）那次旅行给了我美好的回忆，与photos and shells照应，故选C。 40. D。（形容词）这么美的假期我会永远铭记，它将是一次棒极了的旅行，故选B。 第二节 短文填空： 41. a。考查冠词：big以辅音音素开头，make a big dinner意为「做一顿丰盛的晚餐」。 42. for。考查介词：buy sth. for dinner意为「为晚餐买某物」。 43. was。考查be动词：主语The cooking process为单数，过去时用was。 44. more carefully。考查副词比较级：than提示比较，carefully为多音节词加more。 45. to make。考查不定式：want to do sth.意为「想要做某事」。 46. tomatoes。考查名词复数：tomato的复数加es。 47. helpful。考查名词变形容词：help后加ful变为helpful，意为「有帮助的」。 48. me。考查代词宾格：动词taught后接宾格me。 49. interesting。考查ing形容词：interesting修饰事物lesson，意为「有趣的」。 50. and。考查连词：连接两个并列动作boiled和put。 51. first。考查序数词：one的序数词为first。 52. slowly。考查副词：形容词slow变副词slowly，修饰动词cut。 53. because。考查连词：because表示原因，意为「因为」。 54. will cook。考查一般将来时：Next Sunday表示将来，用will+动词原形。 55. better。考查比较级：well的比较级为不规则变化better。 三、阅读 56. A。原文定位：“328 meters high”，故选A。 57. A。原文定位：“in thirty seconds”，故选A。 58. A。原文定位：“there is a glass floor”，故选A。 59. A。原文定位：“the most beautiful photo in my album”，故选A。 60. A。原文定位：“the roads were muddy”，故选A。 61. A。原文定位：“a new library”，故选A。 62. A。原文定位：“The farmers now use machines”，故选A。 63. A。原文定位：“It stands as a memory of the old days”，故选A。 64. A。词义猜测题：由“direction shows where”可知map意为“地图”，故选A。 65. A。原文定位：“visit two thousand flowers in one day”，故选A。 66. A。原文定位：“carry pollen from one flower to another…help the flowers make fruit”，故选A。 67. A。原文定位：“planted a small flower garden…the bees come every day”，故选A。 68. A。原文定位：“The wire is broken”，故选A。 69. A。原文定位：“use a small screwdriver and test the wires”，故选A。 70. A。原文定位：“fixing kettles, chairs and even a toy robot”，故选A。 第二节 阅读表达： 71. Last month。原文定位：“Last month, my school had a camping trip”。 72. 搭帐篷最快。原文定位：“our tent was the fastest to finish”。 73. The Big Dipper。原文定位：“we learned to find the Big Dipper”。 74. The sunrise。原文定位：“watch the sunrise”。 75. 开放题：结合经历说明即可。 四、情景交际 76. 考查请求：由下文“paint”推断。 77. 考查陈述句：由下文“white wall”推断。 78. 考查特殊疑问句：由下文“after school today”推断。 79. 考查一般疑问句：由下文“bought a new brush”推断。 80. 考查致谢句：由下文“You are welcome”推断。 五、写作 写作要点： 写作要点：①开头已给出；②覆盖三个要点：地点人物、活动见闻、感受；③用一般过去时与比较级/最高级体现单元语法；④词数80左右。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $