Unit 5 Gramar Focus 单元语法讲练【精品课】2026-2027学年九年级英语上册同步精品课件（新教材人教版）

Unit 5 Power of Ideas What changes can inventions bring to our lives? Gramar Focus 单元语法讲练 Learning Objectives 通过本课时的学习，学生能够： 掌握一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语态核心结构am/is/are done、was/were done，分清被动语态主语单复数对应的 be 动词变化规则，识别含情态动词的被动语态结构。 识别句子中的被动语态动词；熟练完成单句动词填空、语篇短文动词变形练习，区分主动语态与被动语态使用场景，提升语法填空答题准确度。 结合 “青藏铁路” 话题，运用两种时态的被动语态描述工程建设、物品发明，读懂介绍伟大工程的短文，完成语篇填空，提升阅读理解、书面表达综合能力。 03 易混点 含义 结构 应用 Edison invented the light bulb. The light bulb was invented by Edison. Karl Benz made the first vintage car. The first vintage car was made by Karl Benz. Scientists developed the early computer many years ago. The early computer was developed by scientists many years ago. 主动语态 ( the active voice ) :主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态 ( the passive voice ) :主语是动作承受者。 3 Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice (被动语态). A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. 4a 观察讨论： 1.被动语态的基本结构是什么？ 2.被动语态的时态变化和主谓一致体现在哪里？ 3.在被动语态中，如需要说明动作的执行者，应如何表达？ 4.被动语态通常更常见于哪类文体：正式文体还是非正式文体？ 易混点 含义 结构 区分 主语是动作的_______ 主语是动作的_______ 说明_____________的关系 主语和谓语 语态 主动语态 被动语态 执行者 承受者 被动语态的谓语动词：_________________ 被动语态的句型结构：____________________________________ 注意: 助动词 be有___________________的变化 人称、数和时态 主语 + be done + （by + 宾语） be done 5 易混点 含义 结构 应用 未知动作执行者： 不知道是谁做的，或者无法明确指出“谁”做的。 My bike was stolen​ last night. （我的自行车昨晚被偷了，不知道小偷是谁。） Why do we use the passive voice? 无需强调执行者： 动作执行者显而易见、太泛泛（如 people、they、someone）或对于表达不重要，重点在动作/受事本身。 Rice is grown​ in the south. （南方种水稻，大家都知道是农民种的，不必说 by farmers。） 6 易混点 含义 结构 应用 强调动作承受者：想把句子的焦点放在“受事”（被作用的事物/人）上，将其作为主语提前突出重要性。 The letter​ was written by Tom. （这封信是汤姆写的。——重点是“信”，不是汤姆。） Why do we use the passive voice? 客观性与学术写作：科技、新闻、报道、说明文中为保持中立、客观，避免露出主观的 we/you/I。 The experiment was conducted​ under strict conditions. （实验是在严格条件下进行的。） 7 主动语态变为被动语态 We clean the classroom every day. 主动语态 we能发出clean这个动作，是clean这个动作的执行者。 被动语态 The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. We clean the classroom every day. 主语 谓语 宾语 第1步：主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语(代词要用主格)。 第2步：主动语态的谓语动词变成“am/is/are + 动词的过去分词”形式。 第3步：主动语态的主语变成“by+动作执行者”放在主谓结构后面(可省略)。 第4步：其他成分不变。 一般现在时的被动语态 句式结构：肯定句 am 构成： 主语 + 助动词 be is + 过去分词 + (by+ 动作执行者） are I am allowed to watch TV on Sunday. This meal is cooked by Tom. They are regarded as the best students all the years. 主语 be动词 过去分词 其他 01 句式结构：否定句 02 am 构成： 主语 + 助动词 be is + not + 过去分词 + (by+ 动作执行者） are I am not allowed to watch TV on Sunday. This meal is not cooked by Tom. They are not regarded as the best students all the years. 主语 be动词+not 过去分词 其他 句式结构：一般疑问句 03 Is English spoken by many people? Are you allowed to watch TV every night? Are they regarded the best students all the years? Be动词 过去分词 把be动词移到句首，在句末加上问号。 易混点 含义 结构 应用 一般现在时态的被动语态 肯定句 主语 + am / is / are done +（by sb）+其他. 否定句 主语 + am / is / are not done +（by sb）+其他. 一般疑问句 Am / Is /Are +主语 + done +（by sb）+其他？ Wh- 疑问句 疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语 + done +（by sb）+其他？ Practice 1.English_____________ (use)as a foreign language in our country. 2.Flowers _________ （grow）in the park. 3.He ___________ (not allow)to go out with his friends on weekends. 4.When _____ they ________ (invite) to come here? 用正确的形式填空。 is used are grown isn’t allowed are invited 将这些句子改为被动 Football __________ by them on Sunday. 2.They often use computers in class. Computers _____________ by them in class. These machines ____________ by us in China. English _________ as the first language by people in UK. 1.They play football on Sunday. 3.We make these machines in China. 4. People speak English as the first language in UK. is played are often used are made is spoken A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901. Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice. 4a 一般现在时: ____________________ 强调现在某事被做 am/is /are + done + by sb. 一般过去时： ____________________ 强调过去某事被做 was/were +done+ by sb. 含情态动词: ____________________ 强调某事能够被做 情态动词 +be done + by sb. 易混点 含义 结构 应用 一般过去时态的被动语态 肯定句 主语 + was/were done +（by sb）+其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were not done +（by sb）+其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语 + done +（by sb）+其他？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词+ was/were + 主语 + done +（by sb）+其他？ The tall building _____________ by them last year. His little brother ________________________ by him yesterday. Our classroom _____________ by us just now. This room ______________for resting by them. 1. They built the tall building last year. 2. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. 3.We cleaned our classroom just now. 4. They used this room for resting. 将这些句子改为被动 was built was taken good care of was cleaned was used The cap was made in America. The cap was not made in America. Was the cap made in America? 肯定句 主语+ was/ were +过去分词（ +by… ）. 否定句 主语+ was/ were +not +过去分词（ +by... ）. 一般疑问句 was/ were +主语+过去分词（ +by ...）？ 一般过去时的被动语态的句式结构 The house can be made by 3D printer. The house can not be made by 3D printer. Can the house be made by 3D printer? 肯定句 主语+ 情态动词 +be 过去分词（ +by… ）. 否定句 主语+ 情态动词 +be+not +过去分词（ +by... ）. 一般疑问句 情态动词 +主语+be+过去分词（ +by ...）？ 含有情态动词的被动语态的句式结构 不能使用被动语态的情况 （1）系动词get，turn，become，seem，look，sound，smell，taste，feel等后接形容词作表语时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 That shirt made of cotton feels soft. （2）动词need，want以及短语be worth 等后接动词-ing时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 My flowers need watering. 注意事项Tips: 注意 事项类别 核心要点说明 例子 不能用于被动的动词​ 表示状态、拥有、适合等的动词 （如 have, fit, hold, cost, lack） 通常不用于被动语态。 ❌ The book is cost 20 yuan. ✅ The book costs 20 yuan 不及物动词/短语​ 本身无宾语的不及物动词 （如 happen, appear, rise, come, go） 及“系动词+表语”结构无被动。 ❌ The accident was happened yesterday. ✅ The accident happened yesterday. ❌ He is seemed tall. ✅ He seems tall. 易混点 含义 结构 应用 21 注意事项Tips: 双宾语的被动转换​ 含双宾语（人<间接>+物<直接>） 的句子变被动时， 口诀： ①将间接宾语(人)变为主语， 直接宾语(物)不变。 ②将直接宾语(物)变为主语， 一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for. (tell, ask, bring, write, give, send, show, teach, pass, lend, teach)…to (make,buy, draw, sing)…for 易混点 含义 结构 应用 I give my sister a pen. (改为被动语态) My sister was given a pen (by me). A pen was given to my sister (by me). 22 注意事项Tips: 宾语补足语的处理​ 含省 to的不定式（使役 make/let/have、感官 see/hear）变被动时，必须还原 to。 ❌ He was made clean the room.（缺 to） ✅ He was made to​ clean the room. 主动表被动的特殊情况​ 1. be worth + doing（值得做） 2. sell/wash/write/read + 副词 （好卖/好洗等） 3. need/want/require + doing （需要被做） ❌ The book is worth being read. ✅ The book is worth reading. 时态与助动词一致性​ 被动结构为“be + 过去分词”，be动词需根据原句时态、人称、数进行变化，不可省略或错用。 ❌ The letter wrote by my father.（无 be） ✅ The letter was written​ by my father. by 短语的取舍​ 当动作执行者不明确、不重要、或显而易见时，通常省略 by 短语；强调施动者时才保留。 ❌ Rice is grown by people in the south.（累赘） ✅ Rice is grown in the south.（更地道） 23 单项选择 1. This new bike ____ me 600 yuan last week. A. is cost B. costs C. cost D. was cost 2.The accident ____ on a rainy morning last month. A. was happened B. happened C. happens D. is happened 3.My mother gave me a new schoolbag yesterday. 改为被动正确的是____ A. I was given a new schoolbag by my mother. B. A new schoolbag was given me by my mother. C. I gave a new schoolbag by my mother. D. A new schoolbag gave to me by my mother. 4.The boss made the workers work 12 hours every day.（变被动） The workers ____ 12 hours every day. A. were made work B. are made to work C. were made to work D. made to work 双宾语被动，人作间接宾语前置最自然；物作主语要加 to make 主动省 to， 被动必须还原 to 单项选择 5. This storybook ____ again. It’s very interesting. A. is worth being read B. worth reading C. is worth reading D. worth to read 6.The dirty classroom ____ right now. A. needs clean B. needs cleaning C. needs to clean D. need cleaned 7.This kind of cloth ____ soft and it ____ well. A. feels; washes B. is felt; is washed C. feels; is washed D. is felt; washes 8. Look! The letter ____ by my uncle just now. A. wrote B. was written C. is written D. writes be worth doing 主动表被动，不用 being done need doing = need to be done 主动表被动 feel 系动词无被动； wash + 副词 well 主动表被动 用所给词适当形式填空 1. Great changes _________ (take) place in our town these years. 2. A nice gift _________ (give) to me by my grandpa last birthday. 3. This magazine _________ (sell) very well all over the world. 4. Many trees _________ (plant) every spring in our school. 5. The news __________ (appear) on TV yesterday afternoon. have taken was given sells are planted appeared 规则动词 变化规则 一般情况，直接加 -ed： work - worked -worked 以不发音的e结尾，加-d：live - lived -lived 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-ed：study -studied - studied 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed： stop - stopped -stopped 动词变过去式和过去分词的规则分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式无统一规律，需单独记忆。 不规则动词 AAA型 cut - cut - cut, put - put -put, read - read - read (发音不同) ABB型 meet - met - met, meet - met - met, keep - kept - kept ABA型 come - came - come, run - ran - run, become - became - become ABC型 go - went - gone, see - saw -seen, swim - swam - swum Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. The telephone ____________ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876. /ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndə(r) bel/ 亚历山大・贝尔 4b 做题技巧：通过句意，主语和谓语动词关系判断是否为主动还是被动语态，如为被动语态，则一定注意时态和谓语动词单复数形式。 电话 2. People all over the world ____________ (connect) to each other through the internet. 全世界 彼此；互相 was invented telephone不能发出 invent这个动作，所以用被动语态；in 1876, 用一般过去时的被动语态；telephone三单，所以填 was invented。 are connected people虽能发出connect这个动作，但是通过internet被连接起来, 所以用被动语态；因为是当前普遍存在的情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。 4. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button ___________ (press) to start the machine. 3. The word “robot” _____________ (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. be supposed to do sth.:应当做某事 was introduced the word “robot”不能发出 introduce这个动作，所以用被动语态；in 1920, 用一般过去时的被动语态；the word 三单，所以填 was introduced。 the button不能发出 press这个动作，所以用被动语态；wasn’t supposed, 用一般过去时的被动语态；the button三单，所以填 was pressed。 was pressed 5. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel __________ (find) in Eastern Europe. 轮子 it is believed that...: 人们认为；大家相信 东欧 was found the world’s oldest不能发出 find这个动作，所以用被动语态；“被发现”这个动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时; 主语 wheel 是单数，所以用 was found。 相似的结构： it is said that...: 据说 it is reported that...: 据报道 it is known that...: 众所周知 这些是被动语态一种典型用法，即我们不想强调或没有必要说明“谁说的、谁报道的、谁知道的”，而是更关心信息本身时，可以使用这类被动语态的结构。 Which railway is the picture showing? The Qinghai-Xizang Railway How much do you know about this railway? How much do you know about this railway? Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai–Xizang Railway. 4c The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It ______ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas ______ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes ______ (use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to ______ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges ______ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and ______ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project, the railway has ______ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help ______ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world. connects were needed were used be created were built allow increased improve ________ were built Complete the profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. The Qinghai- Xizang Railway Basic information Impacts time: completed in ________ connects Xining to Lhasa, a distance of ______________ 1,956 kilometres the ___________ in the world, reaching ________ above sea level at Tanggula Pass highest 2006 5,072 metres impossible to build over frozen ground in some places frozen ground would _____ in summer melt to allow animals to pass increased _________ and economic development in the area lessons and experience help improve ________ in other similar places worldwide Building challenges & creative ideas pipes tunnels bridges tourism transport ________were used to keep the ground hard _______ had to be created 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It ________(connect)Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass. The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas ___________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes _________(use) to keep the ground hard. However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to____________(create)instead. connects were needed were used be created 青藏铁路 在……（年份）竣工 …… 的巨大距离 海拔 唐古拉山口 一项巨大的挑战 解决不同的问题 冻土的顶层 不得不被建造 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway. In some other places, bridges _________(build) to keep the railway up above the ground.These bridges are animal-friendly and _________(allow) animals to pass under the tracks. As an important and successful project,the railway has ___________(increase) tourism and economic development in the area.The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help___________(improve) transport in other similar places in the world. were built allow increased to improve / improve 在另一些地方 被建造用来做某事 keep…up above the ground 使…… 高出地面 对动物友好的 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 旅游和经济发展 得到的经验教训 获得的经验【过去分词作后置定语】 其他相似地区的交通 What challenges did builders face when building the railway? build on frozen ground the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on How did they solve these problems? use pipes create tunnels build animal-friendly bridges It shows the creativity of Chinese engineering and technology. It reflects (反应) the Chinese cultural spirit of benefiting the people. Why is the Qinghai-Xizang Railway an important national project? 39 1.The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. complete /kəm'pliːt/ v. 完成；结束 adj. 完全的；彻底的 complete： (1)v.完成；结束 (2)adj. 彻底的；完全的；完整的；全部的 completely adv. 完全地 例：The workers will complete the new school next month. 工人们下个月将建成这所新学校。 There was complete silence in the room. 房间里一片死寂。 辨析：complete与finish complete v. 均可表示“完成”，后接名词作宾语 强调“使事物完整、圆满”，达到预期的完整状态。宾语多为“需要过程才能完整的事物”(如 project, novel, puzzle, building 等)。 finish 强调“结束动作或过程”，侧重“终止”，不强调是否完整。宾语多为“具体动作或活动”(如 meal,  run, reading, work 等)，可接动名词(doing)。 2. The railway has increased tourism and economic development. tourism un.旅游业；旅游(活动) 常见搭配：tourism industry 旅游产业 develop tourism 发展旅游业。 相关词形： (1)tour v. 旅行；游览 n. 观光；旅游。go on a tour 去旅游 (2)tourist n. 观光客；游客 例：The local government wants to develop tourism to help people live better.当地政府想发展旅游业来帮助人们生活得更好。 3. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building... gain v.获得；取得；赢得 n. 好处；利益；增加 相关短语： (1)gain access to 获得(使用/ 进入的)机会 (2)gain control of 控制住；掌握 (3)gain experience 积累经验 (4)gain weight 增重(反义：lose weight 减肥) (5)gain confidence 增强信心 辨析：gain 与win gain  均作动词，可表“获得/赢得”, 可搭配具体事物(如奖品、比赛)。 可接抽象名词(知识、经验、信心等) 和数量类名词(体重、利润等)。侧重“通过努力、过程逐渐获得”，无“对抗感”。 win 侧重“在竞争、对抗中战胜对手”，有明确“胜负关系”。仅搭配“有竞争属性的事物”(比赛、战役、奖项、荣誉等)，不可接抽象名词。 4. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise. be supposed to do/be sth 应当做(某事)或是(某物) suppose 意为“认为；假设”，常见用法有： (1)suppose + (that) 从句 认为；猜想 (2)suppose + sb /sth + to do sth 认为某人/ 某物应该做某事 (3) Suppose + 句子(简单句)， 假如；假设 ，相当于“if” (4)suppose so/not，用于口语中，表示“认为是/ 不是” suppose 后面的宾语从句是否定句时，要否定前移，即把否定词移到主句中否定suppose。 判断主动 (A)/ 被动 (P)，写 A or P Exercise People completed the Qinghai‑Xizang Railway in 2006. ___ Creative ideas solve many difficult problems. ___ The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. ___ Many difficult problems were solved by creative ideas. ___ People create new ways to deal with hard difficulties. ___ New ways are created to deal with hard difficulties. ___ A A P P A P 句型转换（主动变被动) Exercise 1. Workers completed the Qinghai‑Xizang Railway in 2006. 2. People use creative ideas to solve different problems. 3. Thousands of workers built special animal‑friendly bridges. 4. Creative minds find good answers to hard engineering problems. The Qinghai‑Xizang Railway was completed in 2006 (by workers). Creative ideas are used to solve different problems (by people). Special animal‑friendly bridges were built by thousands of workers. Good answers to hard engineering problems are found by creative minds. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 The thick ice layer __________ (melt) by the warm sun every spring. Many new roads and pipes _____________ (complete) last year in this town. The old wooden wheel _____________ (suppose) to be kept in the museum. A long dark tunnel _____________ (build) by workers many years ago. Great tourism development ____________ (gain) by this small mountain village every year. Those frozen food boxes ____________ (carry) all over the world every month. is melted were completed is supposed was built is gained are carried 句型转换（主动↔被动互换）。 People use wood to make many daily things.（改为被动语态） Wood ________ ________ to make many daily things by people. George Crum invented potato chips in 1853.（改为被动语态） Potato chips ________ ________ by George Crum in 1853. My mom woke me up early this morning.（改为被动语态） I ________ ________ up by my mom early this morning. Workers build lots of modern apartments every year.（改为被动语态） Lots of modern apartments ________ ________ every year. The little boy made this model rocket last night.（改为被动语态） This model rocket ________ ________ by the little boy last night. is used were invented was woken are built was made 综合填空 Paper _______________ (invent) by Cai Lun long ago. At first, it __________ (use) only by rich people. Now paper ___________ (produce) in factories all over the world. Many books and notes __________ (make) of paper. Post-it notes ________________ (invent) in 1968. They _________________ (widely use) by students and office workers now. They ________________ (find) everywhere in our daily life. was invented was used is produced are made were invented are widely used are found $