上海复旦大学附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷

复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Deposit-return scheme to fight plastic problem The UK Government has announced plans for a new recycling scheme (计划) in England: People who buy single-use bottles and cans should pay a small deposit (amount of money), which will be returned to 1 when they take the empty bottles and cans to specially set up recycling-collection points. The UK suffers from 2 is known as a throwaway culture, where many people consider everything to be disposable and don't think about what happens to all the rubbish. Politicians hope that a deposit-return scheme will encourage more people 3 (recycle) and cut the amount of waste that ends up in landfill or is dropped on the streets. Schemes like this have already been a big success in countries such as Germany, Israel, Sweden and the US, 4 people receive the equivalent of between eight and 22 pence per bottle or can that they return. A similar deposit-return scheme was announced in Scotland in September 2017. Recycling rates in Wales are 5 the best in the world and Welsh ministers are considering whether a deposit-return scheme could make a difference there. There 6 (already be) a big shift in people's perception of plastic waste. Last year, BBC One's Blue Planet II series highlighted the huge problems that plastic pollution creates in the oceans. Not only are chemicals in plastics harmful to marine life, but animals can also get trapped in rubbish, 7 (cause) injuries and even death. 8 more people have become aware of the effect plastic has on the environment, reusable bottles and boxes have become popular. Since the 5p charge for carrier bags 9 (introduce) in England in October 2015, their use in the country has fallen by 83%. With luck, the 10 (propose) deposit-return scheme will also make a difference. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. designed B. discourage C. hold D. impacts E. measure F. necessarily G. process H. relevantly I. reused J. specific K. take-home Choose Your Bag Carefully In the UK, the 5p charge for single-use plastic bags first came into effect in Wales in 2011. Northern Ireland and Scotland followed suit, and finally England joined the effort in 2015. The idea was to 11 shoppers from using new bags every time they shopped, and it had an enormous effect: since then, the 12 is estimated to have reduced the number of single-use bags by 13 billion in England alone. Biodegradable bags, 13 to be broken down by bacteria, are generally thought to be a kinder option for the environment. However, they need 14 conditions to be broken down: a study by the University of Plymouth found that biodegradable bags left in soil or in a marine environment could still 15 a full bag of shopping after three years. Cotton bags aren't 16 better. Cotton is environmentally intensive to produce, between the energy, water, fertiliser and pesticide used in the 17 , and on top of that, it can't be recycled. A 2018 Danish study found that a cotton bag has to be 18 over 7,000 times to have the same environmental impact as a single-use plastic bag. Take note, however, that littering was not included in the study as one of the environmental 19 . Whatever you pick, the 20 message is to use it as much as possible until it falls apart. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Antibiotics have been one of humanity's success stories for hundreds of years. They are responsible both for saving the lives of millions of patients and for helping scientists to take enormous steps in the fields of medical and surgical treatment. But this success has come 21 . The growing resistance of many bacteria to the curative effects of antibiotics is such a(n) 22 that it has been referred to, in some quarters, as the greatest threat to our continued existence on earth. We have become 23 , it is argued, not only in our reliance on the quick fix of medicine if we feel even slightly under the weather, but also in taking the availability of antibiotics for granted, using them 24 , not following the prescribed dosage (规定的剂量). This has given rise to a new form of superbacteria, a type which is able to 25 antibiotic treatment with ease. Although their resistance to antibiotics has been built up over a long period of time, bacteria actually reproduce extraordinarily quickly, and any resistance developed is also duplicable (可复制的) as they divide. In addition, those bacteria carrying resistance genes happen to spread those genes further through 'horizontal gene transfer', a process in which one bacterium passes on the resistance gene to another without even needing to be its parent. What makes the spread of these genes more difficult to 26 is that it occurs in a cyclical process. In the case of humans, when a person becomes infected and the resistant bacteria set up home in the digestive system, the 27 has two choices: look for help or stay at home. In seeking medical assistance, whether through an appointment to visit their local doctor, or by taking themselves to 28 , they contaminate (污染) other patients. The resistant bacteria then spread out into the local community. This is 29 the end result if the infected person decides not to seek any medical assistance at all: they keep the bacteria at home and allow them to breed without 30 . That said, there is always something that can be done to 31 any risk, however much of a lost cause it might seem. In 2014, after accumulating data from 114 countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a set of guidelines intended to handle the increasing problem of 32 . Doctors were advised to avoid prescribing antibiotics as much and as often as possible. Only when treatment is absolutely necessary should they 33 doing so, while the greatest of care should be taken to ensure that the antibiotics they provide are the correct ones to treat the illness. 34 , the general public must play their part by only taking antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor. Additionally, they should never share their medication with others or— 35 as it may seem that this would need to be stated—buy drugs online. 21. A. with an aim B. for a reason C. at a price D. in a way 22. A. proof B. picture C. alternative D. concern 23. A. interested B. disappointed C. successful D. careless 24. A. incorrectly B. impatiently C. intelligently D. immediately 25. A. take over B. fight off C. turn out D. put up 26. A. predict B. control C. adjust D. define 27. A. bacterium B. process C. sufferer D. gene 28. A. society B. school C. work D. hospital 29. A. also B. seldom C. instead D. otherwise 30. A. hesitation B. treatment C. doubt D. assistance 31. A. estimate B. minimize C. confirm D. claim 32. A. resistance B. accumulation C. infection D. extension 33. A. give up B. look into C. put off D. turn to 34. A. To date B. On average C. In turn D. By nature 35. A. annoying B. relieving C. astonishing D. refreshing Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Doug Allan films wild animals in cold places. His perfect temperature, he says, is -18°C. Allan trained as a marine biologist and commercial diver. Diving was his first passion, where he learned about survival in cold places. His big break came when a TV crew turned up in Antarctica, where Allan was working, to film a wildlife documentary. 'I ended up taking the crew to different places, and after 48 hours I realised that being a wildlife cameraman had all the things I love: travel, adventure, underwater.' He is now a top cameraman and has worked on many major TV wildlife series. 'My value is field experience in cold conditions. 'I have a feel for it. I have spent so much time on sea ice it now feels like crossing the street. I do get cold toes but the poles are healthy places. There are no diseases or mosquitoes.' Wildlife filming, Allan says, is full of great successes, but also failures and embarrassments. Once, he was in the Orkneys to film kittiwakes. Unfortunately he could not identify which birds they were. When Allan recently got permission to film sequences (一组镜头) for a major TV series in Kong Karls Land, a group of islands in the Arctic Ocean, he did not expect an easy assignment. It is a world of polar bears and is strictly off limits to all but the most fearless or foolish. Usually -32°C in April, the wind is strong and keeping cameras in the deep snow is a nightmare. After walking five or more hours a day and watching polar bear dens (巢穴) in the snow slopes for 23 days, however, Allan had seen just one mother bear and her baby. By day 24, though, he says, he was living in bear world, at bear speed, with bear senses. 'We find a new hole and wait. We try every means to stay warm. Five hours of watching and then with no warning at all I catch a glimpse (瞥见) so brief that I almost miss it. But the camera's locked on the hole on full zoom and my eye's very quickly on the viewfinder. Nothing for a couple of seconds and then an unmistakable black nose. 'Nose grows bigger to become full head and in less than a minute she has her front legs out and is resting on the snow in front of the hole. She's looking at me but she's not bothered. I've just taken a close-up, thinking this can't get much better... when she sets off on a long slide down the slope. I'd swear it's partly in sheer pleasure,' he recalls, adding that two baby bears then appeared at the den entrances. 'Clearly it's their first view of the world... It's show time on the slopes and we have front-row seats.' 36. What do we learn about Allan in the first paragraph? A. He trained as a diver in order to become a wildlife cameraman. B. Becoming a cameraman suited the interests he already had. C. Finding work as a cameraman allowed him to remain in Antarctica. D. He was given the chance to work as a cameraman by a TV crew he met. 37. Why does Allan compare spending time on sea ice to crossing the street? A. It is an ordinary occurrence for him. B. He thinks it presents a similar level of danger. C. He has learnt to approach it in the same way. D. It requires skills that can be used in winter conditions. 38. When Allan had been on Kong Karls Land for a while, he began to ______. A. be more hopeful that one bear would lead him to others B. feel a deep understanding of how polar bears lived C. get used to the terrible conditions for filming D. stop worrying about the dangers he was facing 39. What feeling does Allan describe in the last paragraph? A. Panic when he nearly fails to film a fantastic sequence. B. Concern that he has disturbed an adult female with her young. C. Amazement at being lucky enough to capture some great shots. D. Delight at being able to move around after waiting quietly for ages. （B） Flexitime helps to maintain a work-life balance. Flexitime is a scheme where an organisation offers its employees the opportunity of a flexible working hours arrangement. How does flexitime work? Essentially, your organisation will agree standard or core hours that must be worked by employees as well as flexible working hours where employees can come and go as they please. For example, you might agree to: Arrive for work between 0730-1000 (flexitime); Guarantee to be there between 1000-1200 (core time); Take your lunch break between 1200-1400 (flexible lunch hour); Guarantee to be there from 1400-1600 (core time); Leave between 1600-1930 (flexitime). The hours you work between these times are credited to you. In effect, you set up a time bank with your employer. An employee is obliged to work the basic core hours and has the flexibility to clock in/out during the other hours. Most schemes allow you a credit or debit margin, often of about 10 hours. For example, if you work a 35-hour week, then over four weeks, you will 'owe' your employer 140 hours. These four weeks are your 'accounting period'; if you work more than 140 hours in four weeks then you will be in credit, and if you work fewer hours then you will owe time to your employer. If you go beyond your credit margin, into surplus, you may have to give up your extra hours; if you go beyond your debit margin, into debt, you may be disciplined or lose pay. One of the best-liked features of flexitime is flexileave. You can turn your credit hours into time off. Depending on the scheme you are in, this might be one or two half days a month or one full day, or you may be able to add days to your holiday entitlement. What are the advantages for employees? Flexitime offers several advantages for employees: it allows them to schedule their travel time to avoid congestion; to bank extra hours for leisure or personal activities; and to deal with personal matters without having to take time off. Parents can also schedule their working day so that they can pick up young children. In addition, flexitime reduces absenteeism, reduces stress and exhaustion, and helps employees stay focused. It increases morale and improves employee satisfaction and productivity. For employers, flexitime helps keep and attract new employees. Visits to the doctor or dentist during the working day are made in the employee's own time. It also makes it easier to measure attendance, because employers pay only for time in attendance, and late arrival caused by traffic congestion, delayed trains and similar problems is at the employee's expense. Finally, flexitime provides an incentive for employees to complete tasks rather than carry them over to the next day, since extra hours worked count towards the final target. 40. According to how flexitime works, which of the following statements is true? A. You must work over ten hours a day. B. You can't be absent during core hours. C. You can clock out any time as you please. D. You mustn't arrive later than your employer. 41. Your company's scheme requires you work a 35-hour week and allows you a credit or debit margin of 10 hours. Suppose you worked 155 hours in the past four weeks, then how many hours could be turned into time off? A. 35. B. 15. C. 10. D. 5. 42. Which of the following is an advantage of flexitime? A. Employees have more time to travel around. B. Employees will be paid more for their work. C. There will be fewer unnecessary overtime hours. D. There will be fewer visits to doctors at work hours. （C） Researchers have been looking for genes related to schizophrenia, a mental disease, for at least 50 years. What makes them think they will find them is that the disorder has a high heritability (遗传力). This term is often interpreted as a measure of the relative role played by genes. Heritability is usually expressed as a percentage between 0 and 100 percent. Scientists have estimated the heritability of schizophrenia using several approaches, including studies of twins. Most estimates are around 80 percent. Many researchers argue that heritability estimates for schizophrenia can be very misleading, however. They question key suppositions, including the so-called equal environment assumption (EEA), which considers both identical and fraternal twins (同卵及异卵双胞胎) to be subject to the same environmental influences. "These basic assumptions are wrong," says Roar Fosse, a neuroscientist at the Vestre Viken Hospital Trust in Norway, who led a recent critical assessment of the EEA. But twin researchers have mounted a vigorous defense of the approach. "I don't think it's likely that current heritability numbers are substantially overestimated," says Kenneth Kendler, a psychiatrist at the Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Medicine. Some researchers have an even deeper critique of heritability. They argue that the technical calculations of the term do not account for the relative role of genes and environment. Heritability, rather, measures only how much the variation of a trait (特征) in a particular population—whether height, IQ or being diagnosed with schizophrenia—reflects genetic differences in that group. As an example of how misleading heritability estimates can be, Eric Turkheimer, a geneticist at the University of Virginia, points to the human trait of having two arms. Nearly everyone in a given population has two of them, and there is normally no difference in the number of arms between identical twins—who share nearly 100 percent of their DNA sequence—and fraternal twins, who are assumed to share 50 percent of their genes on average. Thus, when heritability for arm number is calculated using standard heritability equations, it comes out to 0. And yet we know that having two arms is almost entirely genetically determined. Figuring out what heritability for schizophrenia actually means is key, says Evan Eichler at the University of Washington, Seattle, because even the most high-powered genetic studies have identified only about a third of the predicted genetic part. Will this so-called missing heritability eventually show up in more complicated studies? Or will it turn out that genes are not playing as big a role as heritability estimates have long predicted? Let's wait and see. 43. It can be inferred from the passage that some researchers criticize heritability because ______. A. it leads to underestimation of possible cases of schizophrenia B. it puts emphasis on a small number of genetic differences C. it fails to take the effect of the environment into account D. it relies too much on the studies of two kinds of twins 44. According to the passage, ______ is a supporter of EEA. A. Roar Fosse B. Kenneth Kendler C. Eric Turkheimer D. Evan Eichler 45. Why is the human trait of two arms mentioned in the passage (in paragraph 3)? A. As an example of the zero difference between twins. B. To illustrate how wrong heritability estimates can be. C. To argue against using both identical and fraternal twins. D. As an approach to explaining what is genetically determined. 46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Heritability: Missing or Just Hiding? B. Heritability: A Self-Evident Concept C. Heritability: A New Method of Research? D. Heritability: High-powered genetic studies Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why You Should Not Worry About Procrastination A. Besides, you might have noticed how unwilling you may be when having to apologize in front of a different person–even if it was you who were wrong. B. This varies depending on the weight of a decision that needs to be made. C. Unlike what many people got used to believing, procrastination is not a negative feature of character such as laziness. D. Usually, people tend to see procrastination as something bad. E. In fact, procrastinating in this case is also beneficial. F. A pressing matter, an urgent document that needs to be written by the end of the day, an especially difficult piece of work, whatever. Perhaps every person on Earth has at least once been in a situation when he or she has an urgent task to do, but instead of challenging it head on, he or she postpones working on this task for as long as possible. This delay can take various forms: from doing nothing, to doing a lot of work–just not the work that should be done. The phenomenon described here is called procrastination, and its roots go much deeper than mere laziness. 47 . They invent dozens of strategies to stop procrastinating and increase their efficiency, forgetting about the fact that like many other psychological mechanisms, procrastination serves its own purpose, and probably even carries a message worth decoding. So, instead of blaming yourself for being lazy, the next time you procrastinate, try to look past it, and figure out what is happening to you. Most likely, procrastination is your friend. Why? There are several arguments proving this statement. First of all, it helps you figure out your most pressing priorities. Usually, you will not procrastinate over some minor task such as sharpening a pencil or drinking a glass of water. Problems start when there is something important or difficult that needs to be done. Reasons keeping you from doing work can be different, but here is a clue to remember: try to figure out what exactly makes you avoid it–as a rule, it should be exactly what your top priority task is at the moment. 48 . On the other hand, procrastination may serve you as an indicator that you are doing something wrong, or that you are pushing yourself too hard and need to take some time to rest. Either way, the means you use to overcome procrastination is a different story; so far, try seeing procrastination as a marker, an index–and you will discover that it can be quite useful. Surprisingly enough, procrastination can even help you fix a relationship with another person. If you had a fight, for example, there is a period of time when whatever you say to each other will most likely be perceived with skepticism or even hostility. 49 . In this case, procrastination may give you enough time to make up your mind, find your courage, and think of the proper words or actions for an apology. The same works for another person: after a cool-down period, he or she will be more susceptible to what you have to say. Use this to your advantage. As we can see, procrastination is not necessarily a bad thing. 50 . But it is rather a psychological instrument, the main function of which is to slow you down and give you enough time to sort out your priorities, gather information before making an important decision, or find proper words to make your amends with another person. Thus, instead of avoiding and denying procrastination, you might want to embrace it–at least sometimes. III. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Small Talk Necessary? What's the first thing you do when you enter a crowded room? You probably look around for a familiar face. When you can't find one, you have two choices: you can stand alone, or you can walk up and speak to someone that you don't know. Starting a conversation with a stranger, though, is often uncomfortable and can be a little scary. Yet as you go through life, you're sure to encounter strangers in many different situations, when a need to connect with others will hopefully outweigh your fears. In order to prepare, it helps to learn the art of small talk. Small talk is the beginning stage of a casual conversation, which usually takes place between strangers or casual acquaintances. With small talk, two or more people search for common interests and points of connection. If one is discovered, the conversation usually begins to flow more naturally, often resulting in deeper discussion. Mastering a few techniques will allow you to enter a room full of strangers with confidence. When you walk up to a group, notice anyone trying to make eye contact with you because this is often a sign that the person is interested in talking. Begin by introducing yourself, and then start with one of three topics: talk about yourself, the other person or something you can both observe, like the weather. Another way to begin a conversation is with a compliment. Your praise of someone's scarf might lead to a discussion about favorite places to shop. Radio host Terry Gross, who has interviewed thousands of people over the years, says one opening request works for her every time: "Tell me about yourself." This approach gets the ball rolling because people enjoy talking about themselves. Though small talk takes practice, it's worth the effort and it's the stimulus that can lead to deeper conversations. IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 人们普遍认为，与其担心失败，不如把精力放在可以改进的地方。(It is widely believed) 53. 无论这项技术多么先进，如果没有人愿意使用它，它也无法真正改变生活。(no matter how) 54. 直到多年以后，他才意识到，当年老师的批评其实是出于关心。(强调句) 55. 只有当每个人都愿意承担自己的那份责任时，社区的公共空间才能真正得到保护。(only when) V. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，最近你校英语报发起了主题为 "我的旅行经历" 的征文，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一篇文章投稿，内容须包括： 1. 你最难忘的一次旅行经历； 2. 你的理由。 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级英语学科10月第二次阶段性教学质量评估试卷　答案 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 1. them 2. what 3. to recycle 4. where 5. among 6. has already been 7. causing 8. As 9. was introduced 10. proposed Section B 11. B 12. E 13. A 14. J 15. C 16. F 17. G 18. I 19. D 20. K II. Reading Comprehension Section A 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C Section B 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. C 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. A Section C 47. D 48. E 49. A 50. C III. Summary Writing 51. Though starting to talk with a stranger is difficult, it's unavoidable. Therefore, it's necessary to know how to start with small talk, which can result in deeper conversations. To do small talk right, look for signs of interest and begin with self-introduction and common topics. You can also start your conversation with praises or an opening request. IV. Translation 52. It is widely believed that rather than worrying about failure, we should spend our energy on what can be improved. 53. No matter how advanced the technology is, it cannot really change our lives if nobody is willing to use it. 54. It was not until many years later that he realized his teacher's criticism at that time had come out of concern. 55. Only when everyone is willing to shoulder their own share of the responsibility can the public spaces in a community be truly protected. V. Guided Writing 56. My Most Unforgettable Journey Last summer, my family and I travelled to Xi'an, a city steeped in historical grandeur. What made the trip unforgettable was not merely the renowned Terracotta Warriors, but an evening spent cycling along the ancient city wall. As dusk descended, the weathered bricks were bathed in a warm golden glow, and the bustling modern city below seemed to coexist harmoniously with its profound past. That moment was profoundly evocative: history no longer felt like abstract knowledge in textbooks but a tangible presence surrounding me. The journey also broadened my perspective. It taught me that travel is not simply about visiting famous attractions, but about immersing oneself in a place's cultural atmosphere and developing a deeper appreciation of different civilisations. Since then, I have become more curious about history and more eager to explore the world with an open mind. 第 1 页 / 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $